高考英语二轮复习课件:简单句的五种基本句型(29张PPT)

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名称 高考英语二轮复习课件:简单句的五种基本句型(29张PPT)
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更新时间 2019-08-06 21:57:50

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课件29张PPT。叙永县教学结构改革专项课题:乌蒙民族地区农村高中英语书面表达能力策略研究
初中英语基础语法专题培训
英语简单句的五种基本句型
2019-12-30教学内容:英语简单句的五种基本句型 教学目标:学生能正确识别判断简单句 的五种基本句型并能准确理解运用2019-12-30预习自学 简单句五种基本句型举例(1)主+谓 They are working hard.
(2)主+谓+宾
I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.
(3)主+谓+宾+宾 He gave me a new bicycle .
(4)主+系+表 He is a university student.
(5)主+谓+宾+宾补
Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.
2019-12-301

2019-12-301英语简单句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型,
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语简单句的五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S +V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 各种词类及其在句子中的作用:
1. Nouns (n.) 名词:
-----主语(S),宾语(O),表语(P)等
2. Verbs (v.) 动词 ----谓语(V)
( vt. 及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词)
3. Pronouns (pron.) 代词:
----主语,宾语,表语等
e.g. Kate has a piano.
She likes it very much.
____
S ___
V _______
O ___
S ___
V __
O 2019-12-3014. Adjectives (adj.) 形容词:
----定语(At.) 表语 (P)
e.g. The overcoat is very beautiful.
This is a very beautiful overcoat.
5. Adverbs (adv.) 副词:------状语(Ad.)
6. Numerals (num.) 数词:
------定语,表语,主语等
e.g. 25 (desks) ______(be) enough.
7. Articles (art.) 冠词:
一般不单独构成句子成分

(At.)(P) is2019-12-3018. Prepositions (prep.) 介词(in, at, on, …)
prep. +n. 介词短语-----状语 (Ad.),表语等
e.g. We can see the bike under the tree.
9. Conjunctions (conj.) 连词 ( and, or, but, so…)
一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用
10. Interjections ( interj.) 感叹词 (ah, oh, yeah…)
一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用 2019-12-301基本句型1主谓结构
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。2019-12-301
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如:The sun rises. Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: The red sun rises in the east.
2019-12-3012019-12-301
yesterday evening. in the past ten years.
1.她昨天回家很晚。
2.在过去的十年里,(在)我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
She went home
very lateGreat changes have taken placein my hometown2019-12-301 基本句型 2
S +V +P(主+系+表)
此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。2019-12-301本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;

2019-12-3011.The cake tastes delicious. 2.We feel used to living in big cities.3.The potatoes went bad in the fields.4.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. 2019-12-301(主语+连系动词+表语)扩展和修饰The soup tastes good.
To our surprise, The soup tastes good.
Frankly speaking, The soup tastes good.
To be honest, The soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone.
2019-12-3011.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
2.孩子们很少保持安静。
At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.
1 基本句型 3
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。2019-12-3012019-12-301本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。
宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. They haven’t decided where to go next.
3. Mother promises to give me a present.knows
laughs at
understands

2019-12-301(主语+及物动词+宾语)扩展和修饰I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.
Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.2019-12-3011.这本书他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times.
2.他们成功地完成了计划。
They have carried out the plansuccessfully.
2019-12-30英语基本句型4 双宾语结构
说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如:
He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:
He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;
(需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。2019-12-3012019-12-301 (主语+及物动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语)扩展和修饰Grandma told me a story.
As expected, Grandma told me a story .2019-12-3012019-12-301.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
Would you please pass me the dictionary?
2.他把车票给列车员看。
He showed the ticket to the conductor.
英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.2019-12-301keep
painted
call




2019-12-3011.他们把小偷释放了。
They have set the thief free.
2.我要你把真相告诉我。
I want you to tell me the truth.
2019-12-30Thanks for listening!2019-12-30