浙江高考真题分类汇编 专题一 阅读理解（原卷）
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专题一 阅读理解
话题1广告信息类………2
话题2科普研究类………6
话题3生态环保类………14
话题4 社会生活类…….17
话题5人物故事类………23
话题6史地人文类……..34
专题一 阅读理解
话题1广告信息类………
（1.）2016浙江
B
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Displaying 1 to 100 of 639 titles for children where Category is Education
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Build It, Make It, Do It, Play It! Guides for Children and Teens Bomhold Catharine; Elder Terri, 2004丨ABC-CLIO Series: Children’s and Young Adult Literature Reference Available For busy librarians and educators, finding instructions for projects, activities, sports, and games that children and teens will find interesting is a constant challenge. This guide is a time-saving, one-stop… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Circle Time for Young Children Mosley Jenny, 2014丨 Taylor and Francis Series: Essential Guides for Early Years Practitioners Available Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going, timetabled process of circle-meetings for adults and children. As a basis for teaching relationship skills, building up self-esteem… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood Selly Patty Born, 2014 丨 Redleaf Press Available Understand the value of connecting animals and children. From family’s pets and wild animals to toys, stuffed animals, and media images, animals are a central part of every child’s world. This book examines… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People Matsumoto Mitsuko; Brock Colin, 2013 丨 Bloomsbury Publishing Series: Education as a Humanitarian Response Available Do street children go to school, and if not, why not? What kind of education can be ‘meaningful’ to young people affected by conflict? The contributors explore groups of children and young people who have… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Children with School Problems: A Physician’s Manual The Canadian Paediatric Society; Andrews Debra; Mahoney William J, 2012 丨Wiley Available The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children. 1 to 10 Canadians have a learning disability, and doctors must be able to identify, diagnose, treat, and manage children… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Songs in Their Heads: Music and Its Meaning In Children’s Lives Campbell Patricia Shehan,1989丨Oxford University Press Available This book explores the musical interest and needs of children in their daily lives. Based upon their expressed thoughts and actual “musicking” behaviors, this text examines the songs they sing, the rhythms… Read this book丨View details 丨 Add to Collection
Young Children as Artists: Art and Design in the Earty Years and Kay Stage 1 Tutchell Suzy, 2014丨Taylor and Francis Available From the moment a child is born, they interact with the sensory world, looking at colours, feeling textures; constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience. Within all early years… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy Through Children’s Literature Wartenberg Thomas E, 2014丨 Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Available Big Ideas for Little Kids includes everything a teacher, a parent, or a college student needs to teach philosophy to elementary school children from picture books. Written in a clear and accessible style… Read this book 丨View details 丨Add to Collection
46. Suppose you are doing research on children’s relationship skills, you may want to read __________.
A. Circle Time for Young Children
B. Children with School Problems: A Physician’s Manual
C. Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People
D. Build It, Make It, Do It, Play It! Guides for Children and Teens
47. Which book would you recommend to someone interested in children’s mental images?
A. Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood.
B. Songs in Their Heads: Music and Its Meaning in Children’s Lives.
C. Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy Through Children’s Literature.
D. Young Children as Artists: Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1.
48. How many books published in 2015 are found in this search?
A. 9. B. 90. C. 118. D. 290.
49. Children with School Problems: A Physician’s Manual is most likely intended for __________.
A. educators B. librarians C. doctors D. artists
话题2科普研究类
（1）2015浙江卷
B
Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data. A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.
Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title, a main idea, and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.
Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title, a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key, is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner. Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.
Bar Graphs
A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1, we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).
Line Graphs
A line graph looks similar to a bar graph, but instead of bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph — two labeled axes — and can be read the same way. To read a line graph, it's important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most
commonly used to show how something changes over time.
Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).
The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration.
Pie Graphs
A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month's expense (See Graph 3 ).
Food $ 25
Movies $ 12
Clothing $ 36
Savings $ 20
Books $ 7
46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____
A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph
C. the main idea D. the data
47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?
A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .
48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____
A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4
49. Which of the following cost Amy most ?
A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.
（2）2015浙江
C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
50. According to the passage, human beings .
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
51. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A. The night. B. The moon
C. The sky D. The planet
52. The writer mentions birds and frogs to .
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
53. It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
54.What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light. B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature.
（3）2016年浙江
C
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing...right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way — that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."
50.According to some developmental psychologists, .
A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game
B. scientific research into babies’ games is possible
C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
51.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .
A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B. scientists and babies often interact with each other
C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52.Children may learn the rules of language by .
A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology
C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors
53.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
54.What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confident. D. Cautious.
（4）2018浙江
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
话题3生态环保类
（1）2018浙江
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of?Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like?Stein?to?make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers?to?purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy?to?produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly?to?look at, they represent a small percentage of all?garbage?on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy?to?make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers?to?use the same reusable bags for years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control[
（2）2019浙江
C
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
话题4 社会生活类
（1）2016浙江
A
"Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?" Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, "You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago."
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the "in group." In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your "juicy story" might have.
41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to?___________.
A. introduce a topic B. present an argument
C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose
42.An important negative effect of gossip is that it ___________.
A. breaks up relationships B. embarrasses the listener
C. spreads information around D. causes unpleasant experiences
43.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it ___________.
A. gives them a feeling of pleasure
B. helps them to make more friends
C. makes them better at telling stories
D. enables them to meet important people
44.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ___________.
A. provide students with written rules
B. help people watch their own behaviors
C. force schools to improve student handbooks
D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
45.What advice does the author give in the passage?
A. Never become a gossiper. B. Stay away from gossipers.
C. Don’t let gossip turn into lies. D. Think twice before you gossip.
（2）2017浙江卷
B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C.10 hours. D.18 hours.
27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
（3）2017浙江卷
C
FLORENCE, Italy — Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民)population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always "see me as a foreigner," an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
28.Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.
C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.
29.Some people worry that the new language requirement may .
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people
C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools
30.What do we know about Cojochru?
A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
（4）2019浙江
B
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people’s morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
话题5人物故事类………
（1）2015浙江卷
A
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they "know" all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, "Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. "
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that?" I said just as seriously, "I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, "It can't be," and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts. I said, "Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going?" She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is — an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of "understanding" that can be dug out of a book.
41. According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from _________.
A. reading little and thinking little
B. reading often and adventurously
C. being made to read too much
D. being made to read aloud before others
42. The teacher told his students to read _________.
A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge
C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams
43. Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that __________.
A. it sounded stupid
B. it was not surprising at all
C. it sounded too good to be true
D. it was no different from other teachers' talk
44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
45. From the teacher's point of view, _______.
A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading
B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read
C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school
D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information
（2）2015浙江卷
D[来源:]
In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust.
But why, they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” “But we’ll do it.” “Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” “Yes, yes, and yes.” “I don’t believe you.” “We will. We promise.”
They didn’t. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”
Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers, beam her need, and then wait, trusting I would understand — which, strangely, I almost always did. In no time, she became my fifth appendage(附肢), snoring on my home-office couch as I worked, cradling against my feet as I read, and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.
Even so, part of me continued to resent walking duty. Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair, I’d balk ( 不心甘情愿地做 ) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair,” I’d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.
Then one day — January 1, 2007, to be exact — my husband’s doctor uttered an unthinkable word: leukemia ( 白血病 ) .With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time , adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.
Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her
through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household, it's not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you know acts differently.
Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or bone marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis, she reminded me that life goes on.
After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.
I'm grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy my walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.
55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A. She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B. It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.
D. She didn't want to spoil her daughter.
56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is the sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)?
A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.”
B. “The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”
C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.
A. Misty was quite clever
B. Misty could solve math problems
C. the writer was a slow learner
D. no one walked Misty the first day
58.The story came to its turning point when________.
A. Joe died in 2009
B. Joe fell ill in 2007
C. the writer began to walk the dag
D. the dog tried to please the writer
59.Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
Misty couldn’t live without her.
Her friends didn’t offer any help.
The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
She didn’t want Misty to be others’ companion.
60.What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A. One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B .A disaster can change everything in life.
C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
（3）2016浙江
D
Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, "I don’t care what so-and-so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room/a car for your birthday/a lavish sweet-16 party." We had to earn our allowance(零用钱) by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table. My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house. Like the two little girls growing up at the White House, we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done) and picked up after ourselves. We had to keep track of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not replaced.
It was summer and, one day, my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed — and there it was in the window. White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers, the basket winked at me and I knew — I?knew?— I had to have it.
"It’s beautiful," my mother said when I pointed it out to her. "What a neat basket."
I tried to hold off at first. I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer: "Mom, please can I please, please get it? I’ll do extra chores for as long as you say. I’ll do anything, but I need that basket. I love that basket. Please, Mom. Please?"
I was desperate.
"You know," she said, gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believed was the coolest thing ever, "If you save up you could buy this yourself."
"By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!"
"Maybe Roger here could hold it for you," she smiled at Roger, the bike guy.
"He can’t hold it for that long, Mom. Someone else will buy it. Please, Mom, please?"
"There might be another way," she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there (washing the car, helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked?naked?without the basket in front). And then, weeks later, I counted, re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh, happy day! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon....
Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny, new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.
And then came the lesson I’ve taken with me through my life:"Honey, your basket is extra-special," Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears. "Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself."
55.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The children enjoyed doing housework.
B. The author came from a well-off family.
C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way.
D. The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.
56.When the author saw the basket in the window, she?________.
A. fell in love with it B. stared at her mother
C. recognized it at once D. went up to the bike guy
57.Why did the author say many "pleases" to her mother?
A. She longed to do extra work.
B. She was eager to have the basket.
C. She felt tired after standing too long.
D. She wanted to be polite to her mother.
58.By using "naked" (Paragraph 12), the author seems to stress that the basket was ________.
A. something she could afford B. something important to her
C. something impossible to get D. something she could do without
59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that?________.
A. something spoiled her paying plan
B. the basket cost more than she had saved
C. a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D. someone else had got a basket of the same kind
60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?
A. Save money for a rainy day. B. Good advice is beyond all price.
C. Earn your bread with your sweat. D. God helps those who help themselves.
（4）2017浙江
A
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve.?That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, "Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night." While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
21.What is the text mainly about?
A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to .
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
（5）2019浙江
A
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, "and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.
21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？
A. In the army.
B. In an antique shop.
C. From his mother.
D. From Adeline Rockko.
22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？
A. She was very impolite.
B. She was serious about the medal.
C. She suspected his honesty.
D. She came from a wealthy family.
23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.
B. Her knowledge of antiques.
C. Her childhood dream.
D. Her memory of her brother.
话题6史地人文类……..
（1）2018浙江
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless .D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
36
浙江高考真题分类汇编 专题一 阅读理解（解析卷）
.
专题一 阅读理解
话题1广告信息类………2
话题2科普研究类………7
话题3生态环保类………20
话题4 社会生活类…….25
话题5人物故事类………36
话题6史地人文类……..54
专题一 阅读理解
话题1广告信息类
（1.）2016浙江
B
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Displaying 1 to 100 of 639 titles for children where Category is Education
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Build It, Make It, Do It, Play It! Guides for Children and Teens Bomhold Catharine; Elder Terri, 2004丨ABC-CLIO Series: Children’s and Young Adult Literature Reference Available For busy librarians and educators, finding instructions for projects, activities, sports, and games that children and teens will find interesting is a constant challenge. This guide is a time-saving, one-stop… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Circle Time for Young Children Mosley Jenny, 2014丨 Taylor and Francis Series: Essential Guides for Early Years Practitioners Available Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going, timetabled process of circle-meetings for adults and children. As a basis for teaching relationship skills, building up self-esteem… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood Selly Patty Born, 2014 丨 Redleaf Press Available Understand the value of connecting animals and children. From family’s pets and wild animals to toys, stuffed animals, and media images, animals are a central part of every child’s world. This book examines… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People Matsumoto Mitsuko; Brock Colin, 2013 丨 Bloomsbury Publishing Series: Education as a Humanitarian Response Available Do street children go to school, and if not, why not? What kind of education can be ‘meaningful’ to young people affected by conflict? The contributors explore groups of children and young people who have… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Children with School Problems: A Physician’s Manual The Canadian Paediatric Society; Andrews Debra; Mahoney William J, 2012 丨Wiley Available The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children. 1 to 10 Canadians have a learning disability, and doctors must be able to identify, diagnose, treat, and manage children… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Songs in Their Heads: Music and Its Meaning In Children’s Lives Campbell Patricia Shehan,1989丨Oxford University Press Available This book explores the musical interest and needs of children in their daily lives. Based upon their expressed thoughts and actual “musicking” behaviors, this text examines the songs they sing, the rhythms… Read this book丨View details 丨 Add to Collection
Young Children as Artists: Art and Design in the Earty Years and Kay Stage 1 Tutchell Suzy, 2014丨Taylor and Francis Available From the moment a child is born, they interact with the sensory world, looking at colours, feeling textures; constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience. Within all early years… Read this book丨View details丨Add to Collection
Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy Through Children’s Literature Wartenberg Thomas E, 2014丨 Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Available Big Ideas for Little Kids includes everything a teacher, a parent, or a college student needs to teach philosophy to elementary school children from picture books. Written in a clear and accessible style… Read this book 丨View details 丨Add to Collection
46. Suppose you are doing research on children’s relationship skills, you may want to read __________.
A. Circle Time for Young Children
B. Children with School Problems: A Physician’s Manual
C. Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People
D. Build It, Make It, Do It, Play It! Guides for Children and Teens
47. Which book would you recommend to someone interested in children’s mental images?
A. Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood.
B. Songs in Their Heads: Music and Its Meaning in Children’s Lives.
C. Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy Through Children’s Literature.
D. Young Children as Artists: Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1.
48. How many books published in 2015 are found in this search?
A. 9. B. 90. C. 118. D. 290.
49. Children with School Problems: A Physician’s Manual is most likely intended for __________.
A. educators B. librarians C. doctors D. artists
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了图书馆网页上一些书本的信息。
46. 【答案】A
【解析】考查细节理解。根据Circle Time for Young Children部分的句子As a basis for teaching relationship skills可知这本书和孩子的社交技巧有关，故选A。
46. 【答案】D
【解析】考查推理判断。根据Young Children as Artists中From the moment a child is born, they interact with the sensory world, looking at colours, feeling textures; constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience.可知从他们出生开始，他们就和感性的世界产生反应，构建他们所见的精神和情感的形象。故D正确。
48. 【答案】B
【解析】考查细节理解。根据侧边栏的Year Published下的2015（90），可知有90本书是2015年出版的。故选B。
49. 【答案】C
【解析】考查推理判断。根据Children with School Problems部分的The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children可知这本书介绍了如何诊断治疗孩子的病症，因此，这本书是给医生读的资料。故选C。
重点单词 instruction n说明 diagnosing v诊断 sensory adj感觉的，知觉的
重点短语 interact with 与…..相互作用 be ‘meaningful’ to 对….有意义
长难句分析 From the moment a child is born, they interact with the sensory world, looking at colours, feeling textures; constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience。从孩子出生开始，他们与这个能感知的世界产生反应，看色彩缤纷的颜色，感知物体，构建他们所见的精神和情感的形象。此句Looking ,feeling,constructing 做伴随状语，what they see and experience做介词of 的宾语从句。
话题2科普研究类
（1）2015浙江卷
B
Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data. A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.
Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title, a main idea, and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.
Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title, a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key, is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner. Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.
Bar Graphs
A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1, we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).
Line Graphs
A line graph looks similar to a bar graph, but instead of bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph — two labeled axes — and can be read the same way. To read a line graph, it's important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most
commonly used to show how something changes over time.
Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).
The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration.
Pie Graphs
A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month's expense (See Graph 3 ).
Food $ 25
Movies $ 12
Clothing $ 36
Savings $ 20
Books $ 7
46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____
A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph
C. the main idea D. the data
47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?
A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .
48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____
A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4
49. Which of the following cost Amy most ?
A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.
【解析】
这是一篇说明文介绍图表的类型以及相关作用，通过对柱状图、曲线图和扇形图的介绍，让学生学会读图，运用图表来解决实际问题。
46. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段在第六行A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.” ，a legend也被称为一个图例，是一个在图表中使用的符号和颜色.故A正确。
47. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解， 根据第四段In Graph 1, we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement。在图一中，我们看到X轴显示学生获得的等级，Y轴显示每个等级的学生数。结合图表1可知，C对应的数值是4，B为10，A 为4 故C以上的为20 人。 D 正确。
48. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解，通过line graph (曲线图)从可以看出Day3最高，故C正确。
49.D
【解析】本题考查细节理解，通过读pie graphs (扇形图)可以得出Clothing占比例最多。故D正确。
重点单词 Caption n.标题，说明文字 axis n.轴 legend n.传奇；说明；图例 Key n. 钥匙，关键，图例 plot n .情节，图v 绘制 Segment n. 部分 unit n.单位；单元 slice n. 薄片； 部分 Fraction n. 小部分 angle n. 角度 v斜移
重点短语 Bar Graphs 柱状图 Line Graphs曲线图 Pie Graphs扇形图
长难句分析 In Graph 1, we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade . 在图一中，我们看到X轴显示学生获得的等级，Y轴显示每个等级的学生数。此句中，第一个that 是宾语从句，第二个that是定语从句修饰先行词grades。并且and 引导的从句也是宾语从句和第一个that引导的从句一起做see的并列宾语从句。
（2）2015浙江
C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
50. According to the passage, human beings .
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
51. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A. The night. B. The moon
C. The sky D. The planet
52. The writer mentions birds and frogs to .
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
53. It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
54.What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light. B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature.
【解析】文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。
50. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题 根据第一段第三行“we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.”我们是日间活动的动物，我们的眼睛习惯于生活在阳光下。故选 B.
51【答案】A
【解析】词意猜测题 指代的题，答案应该在它的上半句，根据 Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night 可知，it 应指代的night ，故 应该选A.
52. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题 根据第二段The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution这种亮化工程所带来的影响叫做光污染，及第五段Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs（人类和青蛙一样都受光污染的伤害）可知，作者举例的目的是展示怎么样光污染动物。故B正确。
53. 【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题，最后一段的意思是” Living in a glare of our making ,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.生活在一个刺眼世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：星星和昼夜节律的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我，而这些失去的正好就是最好的测量银河系银河深夜的工具。“ 根据语意， D. (human beings should reflect on their position in the universe人类应该反思自己的行为)。如选B，则以偏概全，故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题 文中反复提到了the light pollution 和night 结合全文我们可知夜晚的灯光正在逐渐的伤害人类及动物。也就是说布满星星的美丽的夜晚正在消失。故C正确。
重点单词 Diurnal adj 白天的 evolutionary adj 进化的 engineer n/v 工程师； 设计 策划 mirror n/v 镜子；反映。反射 Collide v 碰撞 unlit adj 无灯光的，不发光的
重点短语 Be emptied of 缺乏，缺少 spill onto 涌进 no less….than和…..一样
长难句分析 If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. 如果人类真的喜欢呆在家里欣赏月亮和星星的光，我们会在黑暗中感到快乐，午夜的世界，对我们来讲就像在这个星球上的喜欢夜间活动的物种一样是清晰可见的。 IIf humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily是虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟。
（3）2016年浙江
C
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing...right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way — that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."
50.According to some developmental psychologists, .
A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game
B. scientific research into babies’ games is possible
C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
51.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .
A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B. scientists and babies often interact with each other
C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52.Children may learn the rules of language by .
A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology
C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors
53.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
54.What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confident. D. Cautious.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。
50. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解能力。根据文章第一段最后一句的but some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think可知，一些发展心理学家认为孩子的“玩耍”和科学调查相似，故选D。
51.【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断的能力。根据第二段最后一句Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).可知，尽管科学家和孩子的研究范围和工具不同，但孩子的调查和看起来分享同一目标，去了解自然世界，从世界中收集证据，并分析。故D正确。
52. 【答案】C
【解析】考查细节理解的能力。根据文章第三段的 “For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory” 可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。
53. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主旨大意。根据最后一段的 “Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.” 可知，观察孩子的成长状况不仅可以了解到他们的学习方法，更可以激发科学和科学家的进一步发展。故选B。
54. 【答案】D
【解析】考查推理判断。根据作者在文中的用词appear to、用may来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的观点some psychologist suggest that 可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。
A. Convincing. 有说服力的 B. Confused. 迷惑的
C. Confident. 自信的 D. Cautious.小心的
重点单词 Investigation n.调查 approach n. 方法，接近
重点短语 A shortage of oil supply 石油供给的短缺 bring out 出版 生产；使显示 ，说出
长难句分析 For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.例如，可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿就会接受其他人可以和他/她持有不同的意见和愿望这一观点。例如，和孩子不同，妈妈实际上并不喜欢德芙巧克力。 这句话使用了强调句，强调的是through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory，主干部分中idea后面是同位语从句，from后面的what he or she has是宾语从句。
（4）2018浙江
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28. 【答案】. B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知， Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。
29. 【答案】B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知，促使美国梦实现的汽车的迅速发展，导致全球生态灾难。故选B。
30. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济） is a chance to keep American strength “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”.可知，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会。可见他对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
重点单词 Billboard n 广告牌 ，布告板 Represent v 代表，表现，描绘n. interstate adj 洲际的
重点短语 Go forward 发生 前进 at high speed 以高速 roll off 碾轧，转降
长难句分析 As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.作为美国的文化象征，美国的汽车是非常年轻的。 As 引导的是定语从句，先行词为the American car is quite young.这个句子。
话题3生态环保类
（1）2018浙江
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of?Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like?Stein?to?make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers?to?purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy?to?produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly?to?look at, they represent a small percentage of all?garbage?on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy?to?make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers?to?use the same reusable bags for years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control[
【解析】文章分通过科学家史蒂文支持使用塑料袋的做法，由此引发了对于析了几种购物袋的使用情况使用情况的争论，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
24. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，故选D。
25. 【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。 看到这些headwinds,可知headwinds,应指上文提到的内容，根据So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. 可知很多城市禁止使用塑料袋， 故选A （Bans on plastic bags.塑料袋的禁令）正确。
26. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，持续时间更长可以重复使用的塑料袋需要更多的能源去生产，故选D。
27. 【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
重点单词 Garbage n.垃圾，废物 litter n. 垃圾 prohibit v 阻止，禁止 Assume v 假定，设想 承担 branch n. 树枝，分支
重点短语 Make sense 讲得通 有意义 plastic bag 塑料袋 End up 结束 take aim at 瞄准：盯着；以…..为目标
长难句分析 What is even more interesting is that one of?Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. 使我们更感到有趣的是Stein的一份工作之一是他要保卫塑料购物袋后面的工业。 What is even more interesting是主语从句,that one of?Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag是表语从句。
（2）2019浙江
C
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【解析】
本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章重要讨论加州大树失去的原因。
27.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。在第二段第一句The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.及最后一句In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.作者用具体数据说明了加州大树的损失情况十分严重，故选A。
28.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了大树争夺资源的小树，可知森林野火控制是善意之举，但是它却使加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，故选D。
29.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, …, and earlier snowmelt, …可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。
30【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要描述加州森林资源损失严重并分析其成因。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。
重点单词 decline v 下降 ecologist n 生态学者 target n 目标，靶子 v 把…. 作为目标；瞄准某物
重点短语 drive up 抬高；迫使…..上升 in comparison with 与….相比 contribute to 导致，有助于
长难句分析 Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. Mclntyre说到自从20世纪30年代开始，造成水资源短缺的最大因素是气温上升,气温上升使大树蒸发更多的水到空气中，以及较早的融雪，是大树在干旱时期水资源缺乏。其中两个which引导的为非限定定语从句
话题4 社会生活类
（1）2016浙江
A
"Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?" Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, "You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago."
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the "in group." In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your "juicy story" might have.
41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to?___________.
A. introduce a topic B. present an argument
C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose
42.An important negative effect of gossip is that it ___________.
A. breaks up relationships B. embarrasses the listener
C. spreads information around D. causes unpleasant experiences
43.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it ___________.
A. gives them a feeling of pleasure
B. helps them to make more friends
C. makes them better at telling stories
D. enables them to meet important people
44.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ___________.
A. provide students with written rules
B. help people watch their own behaviors
C. force schools to improve student handbooks
D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
45.What advice does the author give in the passage?
A. Never become a gossiper. B. Stay away from gossipers.
C. Don’t let gossip turn into lies. D. Think twice before you gossip.
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了闲话的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
41. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题 根据第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话).可知，文章开头的对话是为了引起本文的主题，故选A.
42. 【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题 根据文章第四段的An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about可知 闲话的一个重要的消极影响是会伤害被谈论的人，故其会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。
43. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题 根据文章第五段的The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us可知人们散播传言是因为它会给他们带来满足感，故选A。
44. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题 根据文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group可知他认为传言对人们监督、观察自身的行为很重要，故选B。
45. 【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题根据文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have作者建议，下一次你有一种传播最新消息的愿望时，一定要想一想你想要说什么并且要考虑这种注水的故事带来的影响。故选D。
重点单词 Absolute adj 绝对的 ，完全的 cruel adj 残忍的 police n.警察，v 监督，管辖；维持治安
重点短语 Drop out 退出 退学 脱离
长难句分析 The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have作者建议，下一次你有一种传播最新消息的愿望时，一定要想一想你想要说什么并且要考虑这种注水的故事带来的影响。 The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news是时间状元从句， think about …..是祈使句 why 和what 引导的是宾语从句。
（2）2017浙江卷
B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C.10 hours. D.18 hours.
27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
【解析】本文属于议论文，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子的睡眠状况堪忧，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些措施，例如学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。
25. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。文中第一段Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early.可知，这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
26【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题 根据第二段For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的).可知11岁正上学的孩子的理想睡眠时间是10个小时，故选C.
27. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题 根据第三段She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.可知她认为孩子们晚睡的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的事，使他们很难平静下来去入睡。故B 正确。
重点单词 Foundation n 基金会 hormone n.激素
重点短语 Depend on 依赖 stay awake 保持清醒
长难句分析 Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm. 改变身体化学物质的荷尔蒙不仅促使青少年的身体发展为成年人的特征，同样也使青少年很难再11点之前入睡。 Not only ….but also 句式
（3）2017浙江卷
C
FLORENCE, Italy — Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民)population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always "see me as a foreigner," an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
28.Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.
C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.
29.Some people worry that the new language requirement may .
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people
C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools
30.What do we know about Cojochru?
A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
【解析】
本文属于夹叙夹议文，首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cojochru的罗马尼亚的摩尔多瓦人为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对移民进行语言测试的原因以及各个阶层的人对于此事的不同态度。最后简述了意大利的移民史，及Svetlana Cojochru为代表的移民虽然在意大利生活很多年，仍然无法完全融入意大利的生活中。
28. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的＂but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test…＂可知，Cojochru是为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
29. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的＂such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration＂可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会引起人与人之间的不包容而不是团结，故选B。
30. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently＂可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。
重点单词 Vehicle n. 车辆；工具；交通工具 intolerance n. 不包容 integration n.整合 witness v 目睹；见证 n. 目击者
重点短语 Immigrant advocate 移民的拥护者 lay down 放下；制定；铺设；主张
长难句分析 The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad. 这个摩尔多瓦人作为意大利孩子和老人的保姆工作了七年，但是为了留在这她不得不参加一个语言测试来证明她的语言技能，这个测试要求她写一个明信片给她想象中的朋友并回答一个虚构的求职广告。in order to stay是目的状语 ， she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.是主句部分。
（4）2019浙江
B
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people’s morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,在一个别针用别满了美元牌子上，进行了一次“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”的活动。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来倡导给予和同情的精神。
24【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，人们可以在洛杉矶联合车站的牌子上，可以给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的。所以通过语境，判断出第1段中的money with no strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。
25【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”可知， 所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取，甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox,所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了社会各个阶层的人。故B选项正确。
25【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy”可知，Bridges说这次活动唯一的目标是展示出慷慨和同情。故D选项正确。
重点单词 Board n 董事会，木板甲板，膳食v上（飞机，车，船），用木板盖上，给提供膳食 cash n现金 v将…. 兑现 apparent adj 显然的，表面上的 generosity n 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
重点短语 With no strings attached 无任何限制，不带附加条件 catch on 理解 ，明白 ，变得流行
长难句分析 What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles.对于那些捐赠最多的人我想说他们充满了笑容。What I can say for the folks that gave the most,是主语从句，其中that gave the most是定语从句修饰 the folks , that they were full of smiles.是表语从句。
话题5人物故事类………
（1）2015浙江卷
A
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they "know" all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, "Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. "
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that?" I said just as seriously, "I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, "It can't be," and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts. I said, "Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going?" She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is — an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of "understanding" that can be dug out of a book.
41. According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from _________.
A. reading little and thinking little
B. reading often and adventurously
C. being made to read too much
D. being made to read aloud before others
42. The teacher told his students to read _________.
A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge
C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams
43. Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that __________.
A. it sounded stupid
B. it was not surprising at all
C. it sounded too good to be true
D. it was no different from other teachers' talk
44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
45. From the teacher's point of view, _______.
A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading
B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read
C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school
D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information
【解析】作者认为阅读应该是一种快乐，而不是强迫性的阅读，讲述了作者在自己的教学中教会孩子进行快乐阅读的故事。
41. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题 根据第一段第四行“This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone”. 意为这意味着当他们不知道单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的人面前犯错，这会给他们带来一些害怕。故选D。
42【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题 根据 I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. 和If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. 可知作者要求孩子阅读是为了乐趣而读书。可以通过for pleasure，enjoy it可以看出答案。故选A。
43. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题 根据“The children sat stunned and silent. （孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着）。”第三段第四行“seriously, ‘Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?’”可知，当老师说了这些话之后，孩子们都很震惊，并很奇怪，所以他会确定问“老师是不是真的这样？“”这表明学生是很不太相信的。答案C选项的it sounded too good to be true，意为听起来太好了以致不相信这是真的。故选C。
44. C细节理解题 根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “她回答说，当然，但我只是跳过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可知 这个女孩知道如何欣赏这些文章中一些难的部分。故选C。
45. B细节理解题，根据最后一段This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is — an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else.然后再结合全文大意，作者认为孩子不应该是强迫去读，要让他们自己读，选择自己喜欢的材料读。故B正确。
重点单词 Humiliation n. 丢脸 ，耻辱 stunned adj 受惊的 illustration n.说明，插图 woodcut n.木版画
重点短语 At all costs 如论如何，不惜一切代价 rid …..of …. 摆脱，除去
长难句分析 One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.在我说完之后，一个刚刚来自于一个在其它学校过的很艰难的转学生，牢牢地盯着我很长时间。此句的主句部分是One girl looked at me steadily for a long time 其中who had just come to us from a school 是定语从句修饰先行词girl，where she had had a very hard time,是定语从句修饰先行词 school。
（2）2015浙江卷
D[来源:]
In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust.
But why, they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” “But we’ll do it.” “Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” “Yes, yes, and yes.” “I don’t believe you.” “We will. We promise.”
They didn’t. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”
Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers, beam her need, and then wait, trusting I would understand — which, strangely, I almost always did. In no time, she became my fifth appendage(附肢), snoring on my home-office couch as I worked, cradling against my feet as I read, and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.
Even so, part of me continued to resent walking duty. Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair, I’d balk ( 不心甘情愿地做 ) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair,” I’d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.
Then one day — January 1, 2007, to be exact — my husband’s doctor uttered an unthinkable word: leukemia ( 白血病 ) .With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time , adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.
Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her
through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household, it's not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you know acts differently.
Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or bone marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis, she reminded me that life goes on.
After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.
I'm grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy my walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.
55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A. She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B. It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.
D. She didn't want to spoil her daughter.
56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is the sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)?
A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.”
B. “The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”
C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.
A. Misty was quite clever
B. Misty could solve math problems
C. the writer was a slow learner
D. no one walked Misty the first day
58.The story came to its turning point when________.
A. Joe died in 2009
B. Joe fell ill in 2007
C. the writer began to walk the dag
D. the dog tried to please the writer
59.Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
Misty couldn’t live without her.
Her friends didn’t offer any help.
The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
She didn’t want Misty to be others’ companion.
60.What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A. One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B .A disaster can change everything in life.
C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
【解析】
试题分析：这是一篇记叙文，讲述作者和狗狗 misty相识和互相依赖的过程，并且在她和狗狗的相处过程
