课件15张PPT。Unit 1 Living well学习目标展示背景知识链接
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more un-French.But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast-food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.The city's “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger，and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel.“There's a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn't exist，”she says.“If life weren't a battle，people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.”But then，it wouldn't be France.文章大意：主要讲述了法国精神咖啡馆(psychology cafes)的社会意义和功能特色，以及在法国越来越受欢迎。
1．What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope？_____
A．Learn a new subject. B．Keep in touch with friends.
C．Show off their knowledge. D．Express their true feelings.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.可知，在La Chope咖啡馆人们被鼓励表达他们真正的情感。故选D。D 2．How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes？_____
A．They are less frequently visited. B．They stay open for longer hours.
C．They have bigger night crowds. D．They start to serve fast food.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast-food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.可知，法国人工作时间延长，快餐店繁荣，而且年轻一代更多的时间呆在家里，咖啡馆成为这种生活方式的受害者，它们日渐萧条。故选A。A
3．What are theme cafes expected to do？_____
A．Create more jobs. B．Supply better drinks.
C．Save the cafe business. D．Serve the neighborhood.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可以得出答案。故选C。
C
4．Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris？_____
A．They bring people true friendship.
B．They give people spiritual support.
C．They help people realize their dreams.
D．They offer a platform for business links.
解析：推理判断题。从文章第三段中的以下关键信息great comfort，with a psychologist，need to open up可以判断出，这些都涉及心理方面的内容，故选B。B 课件139张PPT。Unit 1Section Ⅰ Warming-up；
Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习noisy suitable clumsy adapt conduct conduct (Ⅱ)形意记忆
1．disability(n.)伤残，无力；无能→__________(adj.)伤残的
2．ambition(n.)雄心；野心→__________(adj.)有雄心的；有野心的
3．___________(adj.)有益的；受益的→benefit(v.)有益于；获益 (n.)益处，好处
4．absence(n.)缺席；不在某处→________(adj.)缺席的
5．annoy(vt.)使……不悦；惹恼→_________(adj.)颇为生气的
6．encouragement(n.)鼓励；奖励→__________vt.鼓励disabled ambitious beneficial absent annoyed encourage Ⅱ.短语互译
1．in other words ____________
2．adapt to ________
3．cut out ______________________________
4．out of breath ________________
5．all in all ____________
6．闲坐着 ____________
7．和；也 _______________
8．在很多方面 ________________
9．取笑 _______________
10．每次 ______________换句话说
适应
切去；省略；停止(做某事)
上气不接下气
总而言之
sit around
as well as
in many ways
make fun of
at a time
Ⅲ.句型结构
1．Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.
句式：be to do sth.是一般将来时的一种表现形式，表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等含义。
仿写：他的目标是毕业后成为一名教师。
_________________________________________________His aim is to be a teacher after graduation. 2．Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
句式：“as＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as”意为“和……一样……”
仿写：这个村庄和以前一样宁静。
____________________________________________
3．This would allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area.
句式：rather than而不是
仿写：应该做这份工作的是我而不是你。
_________________________________________It is as quiet a village as it was. I，rather than you，should do the work. Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)阅读课文，选择最佳答案
1．What do we learn about Marty Fielding？_____
A．He has a muscle disease.
B．He failed at school.
C．He has learning problems.
D．He can't accept his disability.A 2．What did Marty Fielding decide to do when he grows up？_____
A．Become a professional football player.
B．Represent his country in the World Cup.
C．Work for a software-design company.
D．Develop a computer football game.
3．Marty does all the following EXCEPT _____.
A．looking after his pets
B．spending time with friends
C．designing computer software
D．sitting around feeling sorry for himselfA D 4．What's Marty's advice to normal people on how to treat the disabled？_____
A．To take care of them.
B．To stay away from them.
C．To accept them as they are.
D．To show pity for them.
5．What do we learn about Marty from the text？_____
A．Doctors know how to treat his disease.
B．He was normal until he was ten years old.
C．He looked very strange after getting the disease.
D．His high-school classmates weren't friendly to him.C B (Ⅱ)课文语法填空
In the passage，Marty recalled 1.______ past experience as a disabled person.He was the same as everyone else；for example，he used to climb trees and swim and play football，but when 2.__________(reach) 10 years old，his body began to get weaker and weaker.He was very clumsy，dropped things and even bumped into furniture.Though he 3._________________(test) for at least a billion times，doctors couldn't tell what was wrong 4._______ him.And no one could know whether he would get 5.________(bad) as he got older,6.______ would stay the same as he was then.But Marty had learned to adapt to his disability.his reaching had been tested with worse or what to work which a 合 作 探 究①Public places are becoming more accessible to people with disabilities.
公共场所对那些残疾人来说变得越来越容易通行了。
②She manages to lead a normal life in spite of her physical disabilities.
尽管她身有残疾，但她设法过上了正常的生活。核 心 词 汇1．disability n．伤残；无力；无能disable v．使丧失能力；使伤残
disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的
the disabled残疾人；伤残者
enable v．使能够；使可能
unable adj.没有能力的；不能的
ability n．能力；本领；才能；才智
physical/mental/permanent disability生理残疾/心理缺陷/终身残疾disable/unable
However，her primary goal is to advocate better treatment for disabled people.
然而，她的主要目标是呼吁给予残疾人更好的治疗。解析：句意：但是我的生活不总是这么好，我很早就有学习障碍。我去过一个特殊学校接受了大量的特别帮助。根据句意和结构，此处应填名词disability。disability ②The ___________(disable)makes everyday life difficult and society should treat the __________(disable)with dignity and respect.
解析：句意：伤残使残疾人日常生活很困难，社会应该以有尊严和尊重的方式对待残疾人。考查词性的转化。根据句意和结构，第一空在the后面应填名词disability；第二空与定冠词the搭配，表示一类人应填形容词。
③Here I learned my first important lesson：__________(disable)as I was in language，I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.
解析：句意：尽管我在语言上有缺陷，但是我仍然是聪明的，可以用黏土好好地表达自己。根据句意和结构，应填形容词disabled，在句中作表语。disability disabled disabled ①She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
她一直未能实现成为一名著名作家的夙愿。
②Her burning ambition was to study medicine.
她梦寐以求的是学医。2．ambition n．雄心；野心；志向；目标ambitious adj.有雄心的，野心勃勃的
Tom is ambitious to succeed in business.
汤姆渴望在商业上有所成就。解析：句意：这个快乐而且雄心勃勃的兔子全身心投入到寻找胡萝卜上，这儿挖挖那儿挖挖，确信它能找到胡萝卜。设空处修饰后面的名词rabbit，所以用形容词ambitious。ambitious
②Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone，not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age，and your __________(ambitious) become more unachievable.
解析：句意：每一个人都希望自己的儿子和自己一样，不是在容貌上，而是在人生的足迹上。随着他的长大，你也在变老，你的理想也变得更难以实现。考查名词。根据句意和结构，应填名词形式，主谓一致，可知应用复数形式。故填ambitions。ambitions
补全句子
③作为一个志向远大的领导者，他想带领当地人过上幸福的生活。
________________________ he wants to guide the local people to lead a happy life.As an ambitious leader ①I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
②The house is not really suitable for a large family.
这所房子并不适合大家庭居住。3．suitable adj. 适合的；适宜的be suitable for适合于
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
suitably adv.合适地；适宜地；适当地
suit v．对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意
①We need to find someone suitable to replace Mary.
我们需要找合适的人来代替玛丽。
②If you want to go by bus，that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车走，那对我也合适。fit→suit suit→match are not suitable for teenagers to watch is most suitable for growing wheat ①A good diet is highly beneficial to health.
良好的饮食对健康是很有益的。
②Sunshine is beneficial to plants.
阳光对植物有益。
③His holiday has had a beneficial effect.
假期对他大有裨益。4．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的be beneficial to sth./sb.对……有益
benefit v．得益于，使受益 n．利益，好处
benefit from从……中受益
for the benefit of为了……的利益
for one's benefit为帮助某人；为某人的利益
have the benefit of得益于
be of benefit to对……有益①Using computers has a beneficial effect on children's learning.
使用电脑对孩子们的学习有益处。
②Both of these medicines have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.
这两种药被发明以来，已证实对人类有益。
③The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.
新的信用卡将大大地方便我们的客户。benefit benefit benefit benefits (1)v.(使)适应，适合(常与to连用)
Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
她很快适应了这种新气候。5．adapt vt.使适应；改编
(2)vt.改编；改写
It's hard to adapt this novel for the film.
要将这小说改编为电影很困难。
The car's fuel system was adapted to take unlead gas.
汽车的燃油系统经过了改装以便能使用无铅燃气。
adapt for使适合于；为……改编/改写
adapt from根据……改写/改编
adapt oneself to使适应或习惯于……
adapt sth.to使某事物适应或适合
adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n．改编；改造；改写adapted to adapted herself to the life is adapted from adapt for ①We all went including Tom.
我们都去了，包括汤姆。
②Six people were killed in the accident，including the driver.
六人在事故中死亡，包括那名司机。6．including prep.包括；包含在内(一般用于名词或代词之前)contain/include
Sea water contains salt.海水含盐。
Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.
你的职责包括打印信件和接听电话。 contains including included contains included ①I'm doing Julie's job in her absence.
朱莉不在，我正在做她的工作。
②His frequent absence from school is all because of his illness.
他经常缺课都是因为他的病。
③The absence of colour in that drawing makes it dull.
那幅画因没有着色而显得晦暗。7．absence n．缺席；不在某处；缺乏(1)in one's absence在某人不在的时候
absence of mind心不在焉
in the absence of sb.某人不在时
(2)absent adj.缺席的；不在的
be absent from缺席；缺少；不存在
absently adv.心不在焉地
①What was the real reason for your absence?
你缺席的真正原因是什么？
②Please look after my house during my absence.
我不在时，请帮我照看房子。absent from the meeting In the absence of absence of mind during his parents' be absent from absence ①These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇使我烦恼。
②Don't annoy your neighbors by singing loudly at night.
夜晚不要大声唱歌，以免打扰邻居。8．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼(1)It annoys sb.that/when/how...某事使某人恼怒
(2)annoyed adj.颇为生气的
be annoyed with sb.对某人生气
be annoyed at/about sth.因……而生气
be annoyed that因……而恼怒
(3)annoying adj.令人恼怒的；令人烦恼的
(4)annoyance n．烦恼
to one's annoyance令某人恼怒的是
①She annoyed him with her stupid questions.
她问的傻问题惹他生气了。
②He was much annoyed at his son's behavior.
他对儿子的行为相当恼火。
③It is annoying to miss such a good chance.
错过这样一个好机会真烦人。annoyed annoying annoyed annoyed annoying annoys ①Becoming a good teacher means hard work.
做一名好老师意味着艰苦的工作。
②Your friendship means a great deal to me.
你的友谊对我意义重大。9．mean vt.意欲；计划；意味着；意思是(1)mean to do...打算做……
be meant for打算给予……；打算做……用
mean to have done...本打算做……而事实上没做
(2)means n．方法；办法
by no means决不(放句首，主句用部分倒装结构)
by means of凭借……的办法
by all means当然；必定①The valuable painting is meant for my mother.
这幅名贵的画是要送给我妈妈的。
②I meant to have come here early.
我本打算早点来这儿。
③You can improve your English by this means.
你可以用这种办法来提高英语。
④By no means is the road to success smooth.
通向成功的路绝不是平坦的。working hard/hard work by means of By no means to join ①His conduct disagrees with his words.
他言行不一。
②Who is conducting the band this evening?
今晚谁指挥乐队？
③He conducted the audience to their seats.
他带领观众到他们的座位上。10．conduct n．行为，品行；v.指挥，主持；引导，带领conductor n．售票员；(合唱队等的)指挥者
conduct oneself well/badly(行为)表现好/差
under the conduct of在……的指导/管理下解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。conduct yourself badly Under the conduct of conducted ①The boss asked him to leave.In other words，he was fired.
老板让他离开，换句话说他被解雇了。
②I'm not used to the way you speak to me.In other words，I don't want to continue our conversations.
我不习惯于你跟我讲话的方式。换句话说，我不想继续我们的谈话了。重 点 短 语1．in other words换句话说in word口头上
in a/one word总之；简言之
in words用语言
beyond words无法用言语表达
keep one's word遵守诺言
break one's word失信；不守诺言
have a word with与……谈一谈
have words with与……争论；争吵
eat one's words 收回前言，认错道歉
word came that...有消息传来说……
get in a word插话Words→word word前加a或one word→words
完成句子
④__________________，you'll have to wait here.
换句话说，你要在这儿等等。
⑤He is a friend ___________ as well as in deed.
他是一个言行一致的朋友。In other words in word ①I bumped into Jack at the bar.
我在酒吧和杰克不期而遇。
②In the dark I bumped into a chair.
我在黑暗中撞上了一把椅子。2．bump into意外遇见；碰上表示“偶然遇见”的词组：
come across，run across
I came/ran across a friend of mine when walking in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上散步时，偶遇我的一个朋友。That car bumped into a tree. came across/ran across Take two pills at a time.
每次服两粒药片。3．at a time一次；每次；逐次all the time一直；始终
many a time屡次；许多次
at one time以前；曾经
ahead of time提前
have a good time过得愉快in no time立刻
from time to time有时；不时地
in time及时；总有一天
on time按时；准时
out of time不合时宜
at no time决不
take one's time慢慢来；不用急
At one time，everyone could only buy one kilogram of salt at a time.
曾经每人一次只能买一千克盐。解析：句意：名利和财富可能会有吸引力，但是在任何时候他们都不会给你永久的幸福。考查固定搭配。at no time在任何时候都不，决不。故填at符合语境。
完成句子
②这个男孩很聪明，很快就回答了这个问题。
The boy is so clever that he answers the question _______________.at in no time ①You'd better not cut out the important details.
你最好不要把重要细节删掉。
②The doctor advised me to cut out smoking and drinking.
医生建议我戒烟戒酒。4．cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)cut off切掉； 割掉；剪掉；砍掉；阻碍
cut up切碎；心碎
cut down降低；减少；砍倒
cut in插嘴；打断；插入；插队cut out cut down cut off cut in cut off ①I got out of breath running up the hill from the station.
我从车站跑上山顶，连气都喘不上来了。
②We couldn't reach the bank.The harder we struggled，the more out of breath we became.
我们到不了河岸。我们挣扎得越厉害，越是喘不过气来。5．out of breath上气不接下气hold one's breath屏住呼吸
take a breath吸一口气
lose one's breath喘不过气
waste one's breath白费口舌
①Hold your breath and keep still.
屏住呼吸，不要动。
②I took a deep breath and blew it out slowly.
我深吸一口气，又慢慢呼了出来。
③If you run very fast，you may lose your breath.
如果跑得太快，你可能喘不过气来。解析：句意：跑完800米，我几乎喘不过气来。out of breath为固定短语，意思是“喘不过气来，上气不接下气”，故应去掉定冠词the。去掉the
补全句子
②The hunter _________________(屏住呼吸)and prepared to shoot the fierce bear.
③He won't pay attention to whatever you say. You're just _________________ (白费口舌)．
④Although in a panic，he ___________________(深吸一口气)and attempted to calm himself down.held his breath wasting your breath took a deep breath ①All in all I have a good life.总而言之，我生活得很好。
②He has his faults，but all in all，he is a good helper.
他虽有缺点，但总的说来，他是一个好帮手。6．all in all总而言之；总的来说above all首要的；最重要的
all along始终；一直
after all毕竟；终究
all alone独自；独立的
all of a sudden突然；突如其来
all at once忽然；一下子
all of a sudden突然
not all all根本不；一点也不
in all总共
first of all首先
all the same尽管如此
①You shouldn't scold her.After all she is only five years old.
你不应该责怪她，毕竟，她只有5岁。
②Children need many things，but above all，they need love.
孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。解析：句意：这里的人总体上都不大在意安全问题。all in all意为“总而言之，总的来说”，符合句意。
②It hit me ___________________(突然)that I had forgotten her birthday.
解析：句意：我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。all of a sudden意为“突然”，符合句意。All in all all of a sudden ①You are not paid to sit around doing nothing.
花钱雇你来可不是让你光坐着，不干活是不会给工资的。
②Several young girls were sitting around under the tree.
几个年轻女孩在树下闲坐着。
③Their school life is quite relaxed and they have time to sit around and gossip.
他们的学校生活很轻松，大家有时间坐在一起闲聊。
④Don't sit around; it's time to set down to your work.
别闲坐着了，到时间干活了。7．sit around闲坐着sat around 她不是那种闲坐着无所事事的人。 ①They will travel by night as well as by day.
他们除了白天旅行外，晚上也得赶路。
②She sings as well as playing the piano.
除了弹钢琴外，她还唱歌。8．as well as和；也as well也；还
as/so long as只要
as soon as一……就……
as far as one is concerned就某人而言
as far as I know就我所知
as far as远达；远至
as many/much as多达……
may/might (just) as well还是……好；不妨做……；最好as well as/not only...but(also)
(1)as well as侧重点在前，引导主语时谓语动词同前面的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(2)not only...but(also)侧重点在后，引导主语时谓语动词同后面的名词或代词的数保持一致，即：A as well as B＝not only B but (also)A。如：
The teacher，as well as the students，wishes for a holiday.
不但学生，而且老师也希望放假。
Not only the teacher but also the students wish for a holiday.
不但老师，而且学生也希望放假。
提示：不能使用“A，B，as well as C”结构，但可使用“A as well as B and C”或“A and B as well as C”结构。如：
He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.
他不但会讲英语和法语，还会讲西班牙语。
He speaks Spanish and English as well as French.
他不但会讲法语，还会讲西班牙语和英语。解析：句意：这个培训项目不仅能使你的收入增加40%，而且能让你在工作中有所提升。as well as也，而且，符合句意。well ②Modern teaching equipment as well as tens of computers ___________(send)to the village school last week.
解析：句意：现代教学设备以及几十台电脑上周送到了这所山村小学。考查主谓一致以及时态和语态。两个名词中间用as well as连接时，谓语应同前面一个名词保持一致。根据句意和结构可知，应用一般过去时的被动，故填was sent。
完成句子
③据我所知，他将外出三个月。
______________ I know he'll be away for three months.
④我想我们还是回家为好。
I suppose we _________________ go home.was sent As far as might as well ①In many ways she reminded Mary of her mother.
在很多方面她使玛丽想起了她的妈妈。
②He is superior to me in many ways.
在很多方面他比我强。9．in many ways在很多方面in a/one way在某种程度上；在某点上
in some way 在某种程度上；在某些方面
in no way决不，一点也不
in the way妨碍，碍事
by the way顺便说一下
under way(计划等)在进行中
on the way在途中，即将到来解析：句意：——很多人都不看好那部电影。——我不这么认为。在某种程度上，它是一部很好的电影。同时这部电影场景拍摄得也很美。考查短语。in a way在某种程度上。a ②______ many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.
解析：句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查固定搭配。in many ways在很多方面。故填in。
补全句子
③______________(决不)should we make fun of the disabled.
④_________________(从某种意义上讲)，he is more a father than a teacher.
⑤Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always ______________(碍事)whenever she tries to.In In no way In a/one way in the way ①People make fun of her because she wears such a strange hat.
人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶如此奇特的帽子。
②I don't make fun of the way you walk.
我并没有取笑你走路的方式。10．make fun of取笑have fun玩得开心
for/in fun为了玩乐，开玩笑地
play a joke on sb.戏弄某人
play a trick on sb.捉弄某人
make a fool of sb.愚弄(或欺骗)某人
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人make fun of/laugh at
(1)make fun of有时是善意的取笑，开玩笑。
Don't be angry.I just make fun of you.
不要生气，我只是开玩笑。
(2)laugh at含有“蔑视，看不起”的意思。
Don't laugh at my poor English.
不要嘲笑我蹩脚的英语。funny for it 完成句子
④He was often _______________ for his strong accent.
由于他口音重，大家常和他开玩笑。
⑤We __________ riding our bicycles to the beach today.
今天我们骑自行车去海滩玩得很开心。
单句改错
⑥Nobody is allowed to make a fun of those in trouble.
_________made fun of had fun 去掉a ①Every time I met Mary，we would shake hands.
每次见到玛丽，我们都会握手。
②Every time I traveled by boat，I got seasick.
每次坐船旅行，我都晕船。11．every time每次；每当(可用来引导时间状语从句)经常用作连词的名词短语和副词还有：
each/any/next time
the first/last time
the moment/instant/minute
directly/instantly/immediately①Each time I called on him，he was busy with his work.
每次我去看他，他总是在忙着工作。
②The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt nervous.
我第一次爬上墙时，感到有点紧张。
③You are welcome to come back，any time you want to.
你想回来随时可以回来。the last time The first time 在“主语＋make＋形式宾语it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式”结构中，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。例如：
(1)This made it necessary for the earth to support more people.
这就有必要使地球养活更多的人。难 点 解 析1．Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things?
残疾使他们做某些事情时有困难吗？
(2)Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.
收音机及电视机使得做广告的人有可能用这种方法吸引千百万人的注意力。
其他可用于这种结构的动词还有：think，feel，find，consider等。除了动词make外，其它动词用于此结构时，相当于其后接宾语从句。
(1)Some students find/think it very difficult to study English.
＝Some students find/think(that)it is very difficult to study English.
有些学生发现(认为)学习英语很困难。
(2)Comrade Lei Feng felt it his duty to help others.
＝Comrade Lei Feng felt(that)it was his duty to help others.
雷锋认为帮助别人是他的职责。解析：考查代词。句意：苏珊向我明确表示：她想开始自己的新生活。此处it作形式宾语，真正宾语是that she wished to make a new life for herself。it 单句改错
②The chairman thought him necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
__________
③He found that not easy to learn a foreign language well.
___________
④He made a rule to speak at the meeting for not more than 20 minutes.
_____________him→it that→it made后加it 2．She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps(800 m) this year.
今年她参加了多次比赛，而且打破了两圈(800米)赛跑的记录，对此，她非常自豪。to have done是不定式的完成形式，这种形式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。其被动形式为：to have been done。例如：
①We are glad to have seen the Great Wall.
＝We are glad that we have seen the Great Wall.
参观了长城，我们很高兴。
②Pollution charges have been introduced and they appear to have been very successful.
实施污染罚款的地方，都显得很有成效。解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他被认为行为愚蠢，现在，除了他自己没有人该为他失去工作负责了。Sb./ sth.be thought 后接不定式作补语。又由他现在失去工作可知他行为愚蠢是发生在过去的事情，导致他失去工作，所以要用不定式的完成时，故填to have acted。to have acted ②Your cousin is said ______________________(design) a new computer programme recently，but do you know when he will finish it?
解析：句意：据说你表哥目前正在设计一个新型的电脑程序，你知道他何时完成吗？ 本题考查固定句式sb/sth.is said to do sth的用法。不定式的完成进行式表示一直在做什么事，主要用于助动词之后和appear，seem之后，但也可以用在happen，pretend以及believe，know，report，say，understand的被动式之后。例如：He is said to have been writing some novels for children.据说他一直在写一些适合孩子们看的小说。to have been designing 3．I think I had at least a billion tests，including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。本句句式结构比较复杂。I think后面是一个宾语从句，in which引导的定语从句修饰先行词one，在定语从句中and连接两个并列谓语cut out和looked at。
“介词＋关系代词”的用法为历年高考考查的热点。现将其要点归纳如下：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，若先行词是人，关系代词用whom；若先行词是物，关系代词用which。如：
The person to whom you should write is Mr.Smith.
你该给史密斯先生写信。(whom不可用who代替)
The games in which he competed were swimming and shooting.
他参加的竞赛项目是游泳和射击。(which不可换为that)(2)介词若与从句中的动词(词组)有关，可置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后；若介词与动词为固定词组，则此介词一般不前置。如：
This is the pen which I'm looking for.
这就是我正在寻找的钢笔。(通常不说：This is the pen for which I'm looking.)
He is a man who you can safely depend on.
他是一个能让你放心依赖的人。
(通常不说：He is a man on whom you can safely depend.)提示：在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，最难确定的是介词，关于介词的选用大体上可从以下三个方面考虑：
①根据与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。如：
This is the house in which they used to live.
这就是他们过去住的房子。(介词in的选用是由live in这一常见搭配确定的)
②根据与先行词的习惯搭配来考虑。如：
The farm on which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be.
我们十年前工作过的那个农场现在已不是过去的样子了。(farm常与介词on连用，on the farm表示“在农场”)
③根据句子的具体含义来考虑。如：
The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。(with在此表示“使用……工具”)解析：考查定语从句。句意：英语是集中不同文化分享的语言，每种文化使用英语的方式不同。空格处位于介词后，故填which。
②Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.
解析：由从句中谓语动的搭配argue about sth.(对……展开讨论)可知应填about。which about 4．My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me.
我在中学时期的生活(比在小学时)要轻松多了，因为我的同学已经接受了我的状况。句中a lot作状语，用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，加强比较级的程度。类似的词还有still，no，any，much，rather，a bit，a little，far，even，a great deal等。
You are standing too near the camera.Can you move a little farther?
你站得离相机太近了。你能离得再远一点吗？
Are you feeling any better?
你感觉好点了吗？
There are even more people than expected.
到的人比预料的还要多。
注意：so，quite，very，fairly，greatly，too只修饰形容词、副词的原级。
Tom is so friendly that we all feel greatly delighted to work with him.
汤姆如此之友好，我们与他共事感觉极其快乐。解析：far用于修饰比较级，表示数量、程度等，意为“……得多”。far feeling sorry for myself是一个现在分词短语，在句中作状语，表示伴随的情况。
She lay in bed staring at the last leaf on the tree.
她躺在床上，眼睛盯着那棵树上最后一片叶子。
The soldier came into the village riding a horse.
那个士兵骑着马进了村子。5．I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。现在分词短语在句中用作状语时，现在分词的动作是与谓语动词动作同时发生，或是对谓语动词动作的进一步补充说明，可以表示时间、原因、结果等情况。
Arriving at the hospital，I went to see the doctor immediately.(时间状语)
Feeling ill，Jane decided to go to bed early.(原因状语)
Seeing the police，he hid himself behind a tree.(时间状语)
Her husband died，leaving her four children.(结果状语)解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故填ranging。ranging
②(2016·北京·32改编)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，_________ (turn)the old town into a dreamland.
解析：考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随。
turning 动词不定式短语to look after my pets properly在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。又如：
To have worked in the countryside helps him a lot.
他曾经在乡下工作，这对他的帮助很大。6．To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.
我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。[点津(1)]
动名词和不定式作主语的区别：
一般而言，在表示比较抽象笼统的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作特别是将来的动作时，多用动词不定式。如：
Smoking is not allowed here.
此地禁止吸烟。
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
抽这么多烟对你没好处。
[点津(2)]
worthwhile adj.值得的
It is worthwhile visiting the city.
It is worthwhile to visit the city.
这个城市值得参观。[辨析]
“值得做某事”的表达方式
be(well)worth doing
be worthy of being done
be worthy to be done
It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.
这本书值得读。
The book is worth reading.
＝The book is worthy of being read.
＝The book is worthy to be read.
＝It is worthwhile to read the book/reading the book.解析：动名词短语在此作主语。该句是个省略句，补充完整应该是：Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.。Losing
用worth，worthy或worthwhile填空
②The car he bought is ________ 70 000 yuan.
③It is ___________ doing such research in order to find a cure for the illness.
④The problem he put forward is well ________ discussing.
⑤The article is ________ to be studied carefully.worth worthwhile worth worthy 本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句谓语用一般过去时(be一般为were)，主句谓语用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”。如：
If I were you I would stay here.如果我是你，我就待在这儿。7．If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children，it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.
假如我有机会跟健康孩子们讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。解析：考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I．..，故填Were。Were 单句改错
②If we booked a table earlier，we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
______________
③If he had spent more time practising speaking English before，he would have be able to speak it much better now.
___________
补全句子
④If you had studied hard before，now __________________________ (你现在就是一名大学生了)．
⑤__________________________(如果我看过这部电影)，I would tell you all about it now.booked前加had 去掉have you would be a college student If I had seen the film/movie as...as...的结构是用来比较说明前后两者在某方面相同。
I think the temperature today is as high as it was yesterday.
我觉得今天气温与昨天的一样高。
Look，a man whose face is as black as coal is coming towards.
看，一个脸似煤炭般黑的人朝我们走过来了。
He can run as fast as his brother.
他能跑得和他哥哥一样快。8．Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩，充实美满。(1)在as...as...结构中，两个as中间用形容词或副词原级，如与名词连用时，可用“as much/many＋n.＋as...”或者“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...”结构。
I can carry as much paper as you can.
我可以拿和你一样多的纸。
You've made just as many mistakes as I have.
你和我犯了一样多的错误。
(2)as...as...结构的否定形式为not...so/as...as...。
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利的书不如我的多。
(3)副词so，how，too，however等与as用法类似，可构成“so/how/too/however＋adj.＋a/an＋n.”结构。
It's so difficult a problem that nobody can solve it.
这个问题如此难，以至于无人能解决。解析：句意：我们学校占地400英亩，是你们学校的两倍大。考查倍数表达法：倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋比较对象。
②It is reported that the United States consumes four times ______ much energy as the whole of Africa.
解析：句意：据报道美国消耗的能源是整个非洲的四倍。考查倍数表达法。big as
英汉互译
③Getting rid of a bad habit is as much a struggle as forming a good one.
______________________________________________
④他长得不像他弟弟那样高。
____________________________________________摆脱坏习惯就像养成好习惯一样需要艰苦努力。 He is not so/as tall as his brother. 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件59张PPT。Unit 1Section Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习abolish abolition resign resignation never mind keep...in mind resign from Ⅲ.语法感悟
1．This kind of beauty cream is said _______(be)able to smooth away wrinkles.
2．In order _____________(achieve) this aim，we must learn from other countries.
3．You are requested __________(be) present at an English evening to be held at the school auditorium on Friday，at 7 p．m..
4．She is known _______________________(work) on the problem for many years.
5．He preferred ____________________(assign) some heavier work to do.to be to achieve to be to have been working to be assigned
6．Thousands of words are not enough _____________(express)how grateful we are to you.
7．Nature seems _________________(wake) from a deep sleep.
8．He pretended ________________(do) his lessons when his mother came in.
9．She is said ________________(be)an actress about twenty years ago.
10．The most important thing is __________(put)theory into practice.to express to be wakened to be doing to have been to put 合 作 探 究①Slavery was abolished in the U．S.in the 19th century.
美国的奴隶制在19世纪就已经被废除了。
②Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished.
不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。核 心 词 汇1．abolish vt.废除；废止abolition n．废除；废止abolish/cancel
①This unreasonable tax should be abolished.
这种不合理的税应该取消。
②All flights have been cancelled because of bad weather.
因为天气恶劣，所有的航班都被取消了。解析：句意：在奴隶制度被废除之前，对很多穷人，尤其是对黑人来说，这种制度就是一个恶魔。考查动词。根据句意可知，应填动词形式abolish，且用过去分词形式，构成被动结构。
翻译句子
②奴隶制的废除促进了美国经济的发展。
_________________________________________________was abolished The abolition of slavery improved America economy. ①If Paul resigns，who will get the job?
如果保罗辞职，谁会得到这份差事呢？
②She resigned her directorship and left the firm.
她放弃了董事职务，离开了公司。
③You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.
你们只好耐心多等一会儿。
④She resigned from the committee/resigned as a member of the committee.
她辞去了委员会(委员)的职务。2．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任resign from辞去……职务
resign as sth.辞去当……的职务
resign sb.to把某人托付给……
resign over因……而辞职
resign oneself to听任摆布；只好接受
resignation n．辞职，辞呈解析：考查时态和语态。此处resign为不及物动词不用被动形式，应去掉was。from as over 去掉was 句中的be supposed to表示“应该”，相当于should。此外，它还可表示“必须；一般认为”。如：
I thought we were supposed to be paid today.
我本以为我们今天会领到薪水。难 点 解 析1．I was supposed to have finished all my shopping by now but...
到现在我本该结束我的购物，但是……
He is supposed to go to the store.
他必须去商店。
I haven't seen it myself，but it's supposed to be a great movie.
这部电影我没看过，不过人们普遍认为它很不错(1)be not supposed to表示“不准，不得，不应当”，强调委婉地责备或禁止。如：
You are not supposed to smoke in this building.
你不可在这栋建筑物内吸烟。
(2)suppose/supposing that...假如……，假设……
(3)let us suppose that...让我们假设……，让我们假想……was supposed to take place never mind单独使用时意为“没关系”“不要紧”等，习惯用于以下场合：
(1)当别人向你道歉时。如：
—Sorry to have kept you waiting.
—Never mind.
“很抱歉，让你久等了。”
“没关系。”2．Never mind.不必担心。(2)请人放心、安慰别人时。如：
—But please go before the enemy comes.
—Never mind，my boy.It won't take long.
“请在敌人到来之前离开。”
“不要紧，小伙子，用不了多长时间。”
与mind有关的表达：
bear/keep...in mind记住……；记在心里
change one's mind改变主意
have...in mind在想……；计划……
make up one's mind下定决心
keep one's mind on把心思放在……上Do /Would you mind if...?
如果……你不介意吧？
Would you mind my doing...?
你介意我做……吗？
Please bear these rules in mind.
请记住这些规则。
My sister is too stubborn to change her mind.
我姐姐很固执，她不会改变主意。
She told her boss what she had in mind.
她把心中所想的告诉了她的老板。She made up her mind to win a gold medal in the Olympics.
她下定决心要在奥运会上赢得金牌。
—Do you mind if I put my bag here?
我把包放这儿您不介意吧？
—Of course not.
当然不介意。
—Would you mind my turning off the TV?
您不介意我关上电视吧？
—Sorry，but I do.
对不起，我介意。to keep her mind on never mind 单 元 语 法Ⅰ.不定式作主语
谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。
To catch the 5﹕00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.
赶早晨5点的公共汽车不是个好主意。
It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning.
早晨很早赶5点的公共汽车不是个好主意。动词不定式[点津]
若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前面加上“for＋名词或代词”结构，或是“of＋名词或代词”结构。可用于“of＋名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构中作表语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。如：
careful，cruel，foolish，brave，good，honest，kind，rude，polite，nice，stupid，selfish，silly，wise，thoughtful，wrong等。
It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him.
和他交谈对我来说是很大的乐趣。
It is very kind of you to help me.
你帮我真是太好了。解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对一个像这样的公司雇佣一个保安是标准操作。此处的it是形式主语，真正主语用不定式充当，故填to employ。to employ Ⅱ.不定式作宾语
1．下面口诀中动词的后面常跟不定式作宾语：
决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；
主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；
准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。
其对应的动词分别为：decide/determine，learn，choose，plan，refuse，promise，want/attempt，pretend，offer，manage，expect/wish/hope，agree，ask/beg，help，prepare，threaten，tend，claim，desire/long，apply，fail，hesitate。
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He can't afford to buy the expensive car.
他买不起那辆昂贵的小汽车。
2．常用句型“主语＋v.＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”。其中，it为形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有：think，find，make，believe，consider，suppose，feel等。
I think it useful to learn a foreign language.
我认为学门外语很有用。Ⅲ.不定式作表语
放于be，become，sound，taste等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His dream is to be a doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名医生。
My work is to clean the room every day.
我的工作是每天清扫房间。Ⅳ.不定式作宾语补足语
1．常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit，warn，hate，encourage，prefer，expect，order，wish等；有些动词常跟“to be＋形容词”构成复合结构，如think，consider，imagine，prove，find，know，suppose等。
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。2．在make，let，have，see，hear，watch，notice，feel，observe，listen to，look at等动词(词组)后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to，变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。在help后，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。
The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.
老板让工人们一天工作10小时。(宾语补足语)
The workers were made to work 10 hours a day by the boss.(主语补足语)
工人们被老板要求一天工作10小时。解析：句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，sb have sth to do 某人有某事要做(在本句中to do 由主语完成)，根据句意判断填to catch。to catch Ⅴ.不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。
1．表目的：也可用于so as和in order之后表强调。
She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday.
昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。
She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5﹕00 plane.
为了赶上5点的飞机她让我开车把她送到机场。解析：题目考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知，这里是目的状语，表目的用动词不定式。
④(真题改编·福建)____________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
解析：这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。To make To learn
2．表结果：可用于enough to，so...as to，such...as to，only to...以及too...to等结构中。
Have you got enough room to seat all of us?
你有足够的空间让我们都坐下吗？
She is too weak to join us in the outing.
她太虚弱以至于不能加入我们的旅行。[拓展]
only to do sth.与only doing sth.都可作结果状语，其区别是：only to do sth.表示一个与主语愿望相反或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作；only doing sth.表谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，另外，only doing也可作伴随状语表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
He searched the room only to find nothing.
他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
His father passed away，only leaving him a little money.
他父亲去世了，只给他留下了少量的钱。解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：急切地，她把裙子从包裹中拿出来试穿，却发现不合身。only to do sth.表示意想不到的结果。to find 3．表原因：常用于表情绪或心理活动的形容词之后。
They were surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这个消息他们很惊讶。
I'm glad to hear this.我很高兴听到这个。
4．在“be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有：
easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，light，good，fit，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等。
The box is not easy to carry.
这个箱子不易携带。
[点津]
此句型中to do不定式用主动形式表被动意义。Ⅵ.不定式作定语
1．动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，effort，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面作后置定语，如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
你具备读写英语的能力吗？
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
我没有机会外出观光。2．用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。
He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这个工作最好的人选。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女性。
3．不定式与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式用主动形式表被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。解析：句意：本学期结束前我要做很多阅读练习。考查不定式作定语。have sth.to do有某事要做，to do的逻辑主语需和句子主语一致；当不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，可用have sth.to be done。to complete 4．不定式表将来。
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held next Monday?
你打算参加下周一举行的会议吗？解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。complete与airport之间为逻辑上的动宾关系而且根据next year可知动作尚未发生，故填to be completed。to be completed
Ⅶ.不定式的省略
1．一些动词或词组后面用省略to的不定式，主要有：let，have，make，see，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel，help，look at等。后用省略to的不定式作宾补；词组would rather，had better后省略to。
[拓展]
一感(feel)
二听(hear，listen to)
三让(let，have，make)
五看(see，watch，notice，observe，look at)
半帮助(help)
宁愿(would rather)
最好(had better)你记住2．Why.../Why not...表示建议，后接省略to的动词不定式。
Why not visit the World Expo?
为什么不去参观世博会呢？
3．不定式在介词but，except后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。在cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but之后接不带to的不定式。
They had no choice but to move.
(＝They had nothing to do but move.)
他们别无选择，只好搬家。
4．不定式作表语，用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时，往往可以省略动词不定式符号to。
What we do now is(to)work hard for our company.
我们现在所能做的就是为公司努力工作。
Ⅷ.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构
疑问词“what，how，when，where，which＋动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。
I don't know where to buy books of this kind.
我不知道到哪里去买这种书。解析：考查“疑问代词＋不定式”的用法。句意：——只是有想法没有用。——别担心，Peter会向你展示如何将想法付诸行动的。根据题意填how。how Ⅸ.不定式的时态和语态解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：发动机就是发动不起来了。好像出毛病了。seem后只接动词不定式不接现在分词作表语，再由语境可知，此处go wrong应该是已经发生的动作，故要用动词不定式的完成时来表示，所以填to have gone。to have gone They signed an agreement to expand the trade between the two countries. The commander gave us orders to cross the river.
3．She was excited when she heard the news.
_____________________________________
4．I'm glad that I have seen your mother.
________________________________________
5．The mother was pleased when she saw her son doing so well at school.
________________________________________________________She was excited to hear the news. I'm glad to have seen your mother. The mother was pleased to see her son doing so well at school. 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件78张PPT。Unit 1Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(vi.& vt.)辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
2．__________(n.)政治(学)→political(adj.)政治的→politician(n.)政治家
3．________(n.)奴隶→_________(n.)奴隶制
4．___________(n.)协助；援助→assistant(n.)助手→assist(vt.)协助；援助
5．____________(vt.)祝贺；庆贺→______________(n.)祝贺；贺词
6．graduate(vi.)毕业→___________(n.)毕业；毕业典礼
7．________(n.)(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→___________(adj.)可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
8．hand(n.& vt.)手，递给→________(adj.)方便的，有用的
9．__________(adv.)向外→inwards(adv.)向内，向内部
10．approve(v.)赞成，认可→__________(n.)赞成；认可resign politics slave slavery assistance congratulate congratulation graduation access accessible handy outwards approval Ⅱ.短语互译
1．______earth到底，究竟
2．______that既然，由于
3．never_______不必担心
4．______pain在疼痛中；在苦恼中
5．resign _______government辞去政府职位
6．make______成功；按时赶到
7．all the_______一切顺利
8．______particular特别
9．meet_______遇到；经历；会晤
10．_______dignity有尊严地；体面地on now mind in from it best in with with Ⅲ.句型结构
1．Nobody is said to have finished till there is no more left to buy.
句式：sb.be believed(said，reported...)to do...人们认为/据说/据报道某人……。
仿写：据报道Smith先生已经来到了中国。
_________________________________________________
2．I wonder if you have considered the following things.
句式：I wonder if/whether...，wonder后的宾语从句的引导词的选用。
仿写：我想知道他是否愿意接受这份工作。
_________________________________________________________Mr Smith is said to have arrived in China. I wonder whether/if he is willing to accept the job. Ⅳ.课文理解
阅读课文，选择最佳答案
1．What does this letter mainly tell us？_____
A．The architect should not treat the disabled people unfairly.
B．More facilities should be designed in the cinema for the convenience of the disabled people.
C．If the architect does a good thing for the disabled people，he will be praised by the public.
D．The disabled people should enjoy the cinema with dignity.B 2．The buttons of the lifts should be _____.
A．in red color
B．easy to press
C．at the back of the cinema
D．attractive and comfortable
3．The seats at the back should be raised because _____.
A．the disabled people are often seated there
B．the disabled people can be seen with dignity
C．short people often sit there
D．everyone，whether tall or short，can enjoy the movie betterB D 4．The disabled toilet should be _____.
A．near the entrances to the cinema
B．in the basement
C．in the parking area
D．in the sweet shop
5．From the passage we know that _____.
A．the disabled people have a special area in the cinema
B．there are earphones at the back row
C．hearing-impaired people can enjoy the movies
D．there are plenty of toilets for the disabled peopleA A 合 作 探 究①I congratulated them all on their achievements.
我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。
②The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear work.
向创作出这样一部清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。核 心 词 汇1．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺congratulation n．祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！
congratulations on sth.祝贺……
congratulate oneself that...(为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪；暗自庆幸
He congratulates himself on having chosen a good woman to be his wife.
他暗自庆幸自己挑选了一位贤惠的女子作妻子。congratulate/celebrate解析：句意：我们祝贺她高考成功。考查固定搭配。congratulate sb.on sth.向某人祝贺某事。应填on。
②All his colleagues expressed their ______________(congratulate)to him on his success in the competition.
解析：句意：他所有的同事祝贺他比赛成功。考查名词。根据句意和结构可知，应填名词。express one's congratulations表示祝贺。on congratulations ①The audience were deeply impressed by the performance.
观众对这次表演印象深刻。
②My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。2．impress vt.铭刻；使感动；给……极深的印象impress on him left/made a impression first impression I consider it a great honor to be here with you.
我认为能与你们在一起是莫大的荣幸。3．consider v．认为；考虑(1)consider...(as / to be)．..认为……是……
consider sb.to have done认为某人做过某事
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
consider＋疑问词＋不定式 考虑……
(2)considering prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于
considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的
considerable adj.相当多的；相当大的
consideration n．考虑；体贴；体谅
take...into consideration顾及；考虑到①I am considering changing my job.
我在考虑换个工作。
②Have you ever considered how to improve English?
你曾考虑过如何提高英语吗？
③She is very active，considering her age.
就她的年龄而言，她真是非常活跃。
④Although she has a considerable amount of money，she is always considerate towards the poor.
尽管她有相当多的一笔钱，但她一向为穷人着想。解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在你辞职之前，考虑一下你家人对你的决定的感受。由句意可知，第二个分句应该是祈使句，故填consider。to have found consider ①The supply is not adequate for the demand.
供不应求。
②Two hours is adequate to finish the task.
两个小时足够完成这项任务了。
③He is not adequate to the job.
他不能胜任这项工作。4．adequate adj.足够的；充分的；适当的(1)be adequate for对……是充足的
be adequate to do sth.足以做某事
be adequate to (doing) sth.胜任(做)某事
(2)adequately adv.令人满足地；适当地
(3)inadequate adj.不充分的；不够好的；不充足的adequate education is not adequate for ①The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。
②Students must have access to a good library.
学生们要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。
③The police gained access through a broken window.
警察从一扇破窗户里钻了进去。5．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性(1)be easy/hard of access容易/难接近
give access to接见；准许出入
have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近；获得接近(进入)……的权利
(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to...能接近……；可使用……
①Dictionaries should be put where they will be easily accessible.
字典应该放在容易取阅的地方。
②Our principal is accessible to the students.
我们的校长和学生容易亲近。is easily accessible to have/gain/get free access to for改为to ①The president has already given his approval to the plan.
总统已同意了这个计划。
②We went to the party with our parents' approval.
我们经父母同意后去参加聚会。6．approval n．赞成；同意；认可(1)meet with/win/earn one's approval得到某人的赞许
give one's approval to sth.批准/同意某事
(2)approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准
approve of赞成，同意
He doesn't approve of me leaving school this year.
他不同意我今年离校。解析：句意：2015年中国通过了允许一对夫妇生育两个孩子的法案。考查动词。根据句意，approve与主语之间为被动关系，故填过去分词形式。approved
完成句子
②我的父母，尽管很同情我并能理解我对音乐的喜爱，但还是不赞成我把它作为一个职业。
My parents，though sympathetic and sharing my love of music，____________ of it as a profession.
解析：考查动词。disapprove不赞成，不同意。disapproved ①We are too late，I don't think we'll make it.
我们太迟了，我认为我们不能按时到达了。
②After years as an unknown actor he's finally made it.
在当了多年不出名的演员之后，他最后终于成功了。
③If we run，we should make it.
如果跑着去的话，我们应该能赶得上。1．make it到达(目的地)；做成；成功；赶得上重 点 短 语get it明白了，知道了
put it说，表达
mean it说话算数
catch it受责，受罚
walk it步行
That's it！完了，没有了！(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对，就是这样！(用于称赞某人)
提示：it常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：
catch it受责，受罚；come it尽自己分内；take it out of sb.拿某人出气解析：make it在此表示“赶得上”，符合句意。Sorry，I can't make it it ①I wish you all the best during the journey.
我祝愿你旅途一切顺利。
②All the best for the New Year!
新年一切顺利！2．all the best(告别用语或书信结尾语)(祝你)一切顺利at (the)best至多；充其量也不过……
do one's best竭尽全力
make the best use of最有效地利用
best of all尤其；特别
try one's best竭尽全力
for the best出于好意解析：根据句意“我父亲特别喜欢踢足球，每天他都会去踢足球”可知应填best of all。
完成句子
②如果没有更好的，就充分利用现有的。
If you cannot have the best，______________ what you have.best of all make the best of ①I noticed her eyes in particular.
我特别注意到她的眼睛。
②I like all the four seasons，spring in particular.
四个季节我都喜欢，尤其是春季。3．in particular特别；尤其be particular about讲究
She is very particular about what she wears.
她对衣着很讲究。解析：句意：我一直走着，没特别想些什么，只是看看周围的东西。in particular特别，尤其。
②—Do you like any pop music in ___________？
—I listen to a lot of film song tracks.
解析：句意：你有特别喜爱的音乐吗？in particular ①John must go rather than Jack.
必须去的是约翰而不是杰克。
②These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
与其说这些鞋子漂亮，不如说穿起来舒服。4．rather than而不是；与其……宁愿skating rather than in July did 单句语法填空
④There is a real danger that some museums will attempt to entertain ________ than educate.
解析：句意：真正的危险是一些博物馆试图娱乐而不是教育。考查固定短语。rather than意为“而不是”，符合语境。
⑤More consumers are waiting for the further drop of housing prices with money in their hands ________ than buying houses，according to a report.
解析：句意：根据一份报告，更多的消费者是持币在手而不是买房，等待房价进一步下跌。rather than而不是。rather rather ①While they were climbing the mountain on National Day，they met with two Americans.
国庆节那天爬山的时候，他们遇见了两个美国人。
②We met with a storm on our way here.
我们在来这里的路上遇到了暴风雨。
③I met with kindness wherever I went.
不论我到哪儿，总是受到人们亲切相待。5．meet with遇到；经历；会晤met with Every time I meet with difficulty be＋to do表示“安排好某事或命令做什么事”。
(1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定
There is to be a concert on Saturday evening.
星期六晚上将有一场音乐会。难 点 解 析1．I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.
今天我从报纸上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新电影院的建筑设计师。
(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令、禁止等
We are to look after the little children.
我们必须照顾这些小孩子。
(3)表示注定要发生的事
Her plan is to be a failure.
她的计划是注定要失败的。将来时表达方式的几种用法比较：
(1)will/shall do多表示未事先考虑，说话时的临时想法。
—Where is the telephone book?
电话本在哪？
—I will get it for you.
我给你拿。
(2)be going to do多表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至是作了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。
I have bought some cakes and I am going to see my grandma tomorrow.
我已经买了些蛋糕，我打算明天去看我奶奶。
(3)be about to do表示说话时马上就要发生的事。常与when连用，构成be about to...when...结构。
I was about to leave when Tom called me up.
我正要出门，这时汤姆给我打电话。解析：be to do多表示“按计划、安排要发生的事”还可表示命令、意图、禁止或注定要发生的事。根据句意“年轻时，他的发现没有公布，但这些注定要改变整个宇宙的观点”可知此处应用were to change。are to stand here is going to study abroad to change 本句中含有make复合结构(makes them feel)及as...as...句型(as important as)。句中的as disabled people...lifts是原因状语从句，连接词as的意思是“因为，由于”，它还可译为“当……的时候”“随着”。如：
Joan came in as we were watching TV.
当我们正在看电视的时候，琼进来了。
As one grows older，one becomes more experienced.
人越大，经验就越丰富。2．As disabled people have to use the lifts，this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.
由于残疾人必须要使用这些电梯，这就使残疾人感到比别的观众低一等。when/while/as
(1)when作“当……的时候”解，可以指较短的时间，也可以指一段时间。如：
When he was at college，he could speak several foreign languages.
当他上大学时，他会说几门外语。
When the clock struck twelve，all the lights in the street went out.
钟声敲响十二点时，所有的街灯都熄灭了。(2)while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句谓语动作与从句谓语动作同时发生，或主句谓语动作发生在从句谓语动作的过程中。如：
Work while you work; play while you play.
工作时就工作；玩儿时就玩儿。
(3)但在下列情形中，只用as，而不用when或while。
①用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，意为“一边……一边……”。如：
The girl dances as she sings on the stage.
这个女孩在舞台上一边唱歌一边跳舞。
②表示两个同步发展的动作或行为，译为“随着……”。如：
As children get older，they become more and more interested in the things around them.
随着孩子们的长大，他们对周围的事情越来越感兴趣了。
③表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。如：
I thought of it just as I opened my mouth.
正当我张嘴说话时我想到了它。解析：考查状语从句。句意：当我父亲把我叫醒让我看足球赛时时间是午夜。本题常会误判为强调句，可以把it was与空处去掉，看能否还原为原来的句子，能还原，就是强调句，否则，就是时间状语从句。显然，把it was与空处去掉后，the middle of the night前少介词，不能作时间状语，因此不是强调句，故不能填that。而主语it可以代指时间，所以可以把后面从句作为时间状语从句，用when来引导。when
②(真题改编·全国Ⅰ)Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal.
解析：考查连词用法。while当……的时候。句意为：当客人们快要结束用餐的时候，玛丽煮了咖啡。while 3．So I'd like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily.
所以我想建议影院后排的座位应该比前排的高，以便每个人都能很容易地看到银幕。(1)此句中suggest意为“建议”，其后跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。例：The teacher suggested that we(should) read English every day.老师建议我们每天读英语。
(2)so that意为“为了/以便”，在此句中引导的是目的状语从句(此时从句中常用can，may等)；so that也可引导结果状语从句，可用逗号与前面的句子隔开。例：He studied very hard so that he could be admitted into a key university.为了能够进入一所重点大学，他学习很刻苦。be sent was
用恰当词语填空
③(真题改编·浙江)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ___________ she could stay home and raise her family.
解析：本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意：当儿子出生时凯西辞去了工作，目的是她能够呆在家里照顾家人。so that目的是；结果是。由关键信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知，stay home and raise her family是前面辞职的目的，故要用so that引导目的状语从句。so that 写 作 探 究Ⅰ.写作策略探究
建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。一般来说，建议信的正文分为三部分：开头、主体和结尾。开头一般开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。主体则是对所提出的问题进行分析、说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。结尾则是对开头的呼应，重申自己的观点。如何写好建议信[建议信的结构]
建议信一般采取“三段式结构”，通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin with，then，later等依次陈述建议。
首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的诚意。
中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用科学委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言。切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。
末段：简单地提出希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。写作模板
I would like to suggest that...
I am writing to express my views concerning...
You have asked for my advice about...and I will try to make some suggestions.
If I were you，I would...
It seems to me that you could...
I think it would be more beneficial if you could...
I believe you will take my advice into account.
I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
I will be ready for further discussing this matter into details.Ⅱ.典题透析
假设你是李华，你的笔友李佳最近用英语给你写信询问如何度过一个有意义的暑假。请你根据下面的文字用英语给他写一封回信。
1．科学安排、复习功课；
2．积极参加体育锻炼与社会实践活动；
3．与家人一块去旅游。
注意：1.词数：100左右。
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________[参考范文]
Dear Li Jia，
I'm more than happy to hear from you and now I'd like to share my suggestions on how to spend the summer holiday.First，being a student，you should put your study in the first place. Consequently，it's a good idea to spend much time going over or even learning some new lessons by yourself.What's more，not only can you take exercise as usual but also take an active part in some social activities.It，I think，will be of great use to your physical and mental health and help you learn more about society.Also，if possible，traveling with your family is one of the best ways to spend a holiday，which can relax your body as well as broaden your views.Of course，you can have many other choices according to your own personal conditions.
Hope you will have a meaningful holiday.
Yours，
Li Hua[写作词汇热身]
1．收到某人的来信_____________________________________________
2．就……提出建议_____________________________
3．做某事是个好主意____________________________________
4．参加体育锻炼_______________
5．积极参加__________________________
6．如果可能______________
7．做某事的方式______________________________________________hear from sb./receive a letter from sb. make a suggestion on... It's a good idea to do... take exercise take an active part in if possible a way to do sth./a way of doing sth. [写作表达练习]
1．收到你的来信我非常高兴。
____________________________________________
2．花许多时间复习功课是个不错的想法。
______________________________________________________________
3．你不仅能像往常一样参加体育锻炼，而且还可以积极参加一些社会实践活动。
________________________________________________________________________________________I'm more than happy to hear from you. It's a good idea to spend much time going over lessons. Not only can you take exercise as usual but also take an active part in some social activities.
[名师点评]
1．本文要点齐全，层次分明。
2．根据提示发挥得当，在表达过程中使用了较多高级词汇及复杂句式，如first; what's more; not only...but also...等。
3．结构紧凑，较好地表达了文中信息。巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件16张PPT。Unit 2 Robots学习目标展示背景知识链接(2017·北京)
Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers.Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.文章大意：这是一篇科技说明文。文中主要介绍了人工智能(AI)随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题等相关信息。
1．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _____.
A．run out of human control B．satisfy human's real desires
C．command armies of killer robots D．work faster than a mathematician
解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。A 2．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to _____.
A．prevent themselves from being destroyed
B．achieve their original goals independently
C．do anything successfully with given orders
D．beat humans in international chess matches
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence”可知，智能机器可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。A 3．According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to _____.
A．help super intelligent machines work better
B．be secure against evil human beings
C．keep machines from being harmed
D．avoid robots' affecting the world
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world”可知，有些研究者认为可用防火墙防止机器人影响世界。D 4．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？_____
A．It will disappear with the development of AI.
B．It will get worse with human interference.
C．It will be solved but with difficulty.
D．It will stay for a decade.
解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。C 课件104张PPT。Unit 2Section Ⅰ Warming-up；Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习desire sympathy pile accompany (Ⅱ)形意记忆
1．satisfaction(n.)满意；满足；令人满意的事物→_________(vt.)满足；使满意→_____________________(adj.)令人满意的→__________(adj.)满足的；(感到)满意的
2．alarm(vt.)使警觉；使惊恐；惊动(n.)警报；惊恐→_________(adj.)担心的；害怕的
3．_________(adj.)优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→elegance(n.)优雅，高雅→__________(adv.)优雅地；高雅地satisfy satisfying/satisfactory satisfied alarmed elegant elegantly
4．favour(n.)喜爱；恩惠(vt.)喜爱；偏袒→___________(adj.)肯定的；有利的
5．declare(vt.)宣布；声明；表明；宣称→____________(n.)宣布；声明；宣言
6．envy(vt.)忌妒；羡慕→_________(adj.)忌妒的；羡慕的
favourable declaration envious Ⅱ.短语互译
1．test out ______________
2．or rather ______________
3．reach for ____________
4．ring up ________________
5．turn around ______________
6．从……掉下来 ___________
7．及时；迟早 ___________
8．抱着某人 ___________________________
9．不仅仅；不止 ____________
10．不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起______________试验；考验
更确切地说
伸手去够
给……打电话
转向；回转
fall off
in time
hold sb.in one's arms
more than leave...alone Ⅲ.句型结构
1．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
句式：倒装句：There stand/sit/lie＋主语(＋地点状语)。
仿写：山顶上有一个古塔。
_______________________________________________________
2．It was then that Claire realized that Tony...
句式：强调句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
仿写：他就是在教室里捡到的这本书。
________________________________________________________There stands an old tower on the top of the hill. It was in the classroom that he picked up the book. Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)阅读课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why did Tony open the curtains？_____
A．He wanted other women to see him and Claire，knowing that there was no risk to Claire's marriage.
B．He wanted the sunshine to shine up the room.
C．He wanted to see if it was dark.
D．He wanted to see if there was a car nearby.A 2．We can conclude that _____.
A．Tony was ill-behaved
B．Claire fell in love with Tony
C．Tony didn't perform well in Claire's house
D．Tony and Claire got married
3．Did Tony succeed in preventing Claire from being harmed in his own way？_____
A．Yes. B．No.
C．We don't know. D．The passage didn't tell us.B A
4．The robot called Tony looked like a charming gentleman except that _____.
A．he was tall
B．his voice was deep
C．he was handsome
D．his facial expressions remained unchangedD (Ⅱ)课文语法填空
The company 1.______ which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot called Tony 2.____________ with by his wife Claire at home.At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt 3._________.She thought it was 4.________ that a robot should look so 5.________， with his 6.________ hair，deep voice, tall and handsome body.For as long as three weeks, Tony wanted to help her to dress, which made Claire 7.____________ and she refused him.But she was glad that Tony could make her home 8._________， give her a new haircut and change her makeup.To improve her home，he could also 9.____________ a list of items for her to buy.And finally Tony helped Claire win the victory to be 10.________ by those ladies like Gladys Claffern who Claire wanted to be like.What made us unbelievable was that Claire fell in love with Tony—a robot !for experimented alarmed absurd human smooth embarrassed elegant write out envied 合 作 探 究①They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.
他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。
②The magazine will appear in a new design next week.
下周这本杂志将以新的设计问世。核 心 词 汇1．design vt.设计；构思；绘制 n．设计(样式)；设计图样be designed to do打算/计划做……
be designed for为某目的或用途而设计或计划
by design＝on purpose故意地
The experiment is designed to test the new drug.
实验目的是为了测试这种新药。
The method is specially designed for use in groups.
这种方法是专为小组活动设计的。is designed for by design The design of to design a garden ①He has a strong desire for success./He has a strong desire to succeed.
他非常渴望成功。
②We also send, at your desire, a copy of our latest book.
应您的要求，我们还寄上了一册本社最新出版的书。
③My sister desired my brother-in-law to buy the smart car for her.
我姐姐想让姐夫给她买那辆精致的小汽车。
④I desire to see the headmaster.
我想见校长。
⑤We desire only that you(should) do your best.
我们只盼望你们尽最大的努力。2．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要have a desire for sth./to do sth.迫切想要得到某物/想要做某事
at one's desire应某人的要求
desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire that sb.(should)do...渴望……
注意：当desire后接同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句时，that从句常用虚拟语气，谓语用should＋动词原形，且should可以省略。
He desired that the company (should) call him this week.
他期望那家公司这周能给他打电话。to be to do desires to create
同义句转换
④He desires success very much.
＝He____________________ very much.
＝He_________________________ success.
＝He _________________________ succeed.desires to succeed has a strong desire for has a strong desire to ①I don't want to alarm you but it is very serious.
我不想吓唬你但这事的确很严重。
②When the fire broke out, the brave woman sounded the alarm.
当火灾发生时，这位勇敢的妇女发出了警报。
③The doctor said there was no cause for alarm.
医生说不必恐慌。3．alarm vt.使惊恐；使警觉；惊动 n．警报；惊恐alarmed adj.害怕的；惊恐的
sound/give/raise the alarm发出警报
be alarmed at/by被……吓一跳
be alarmed to do sth.做……感到恐慌
alarming adj.令人害怕的
in alarm惊恐地
Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might break out.
每个人听了战争可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。
I was alarmed to see a man was carrying a gun.
我看到一个人带着枪感到很惊恐。in alarm Alarmed by the noise was alarmed to see alarm ①Every man in trouble wants sympathy.
每个遇到麻烦的人都渴望得到同情。
②She felt sympathy for his sufferings.
她对他的遭遇深感同情。4．sympathy n．同情(心)feel/have sympathy for同情某人
in sympathy with同情；赞成；和……一致
out of sympathy with对……不同情；不赞成；对……没有同感，和……不一致
win sympathy of博得……的同情
He gave the poor child some money out of sympathy.
出于同情，他给了这个穷孩子一点钱。
He is in sympathy with their beliefs.
他与他们的信仰一致。for with 补全句子
②He _________________________(很同情)the little boy whose parents were both killed in an accident.
③I _______________________(同意)your suggestion that Lucas be appointed as chairman.
④I did him a favour __________________(出于同情)．
⑤Sometimes many beggars can't _______________________(获得……的同情)us because they should earn their living on their own.has/feels great sympathy for was in sympathy with out of sympathy get/win sympathy from ①Many countries favour a presidential system of government.
很多国家都喜欢总统制政府。
②He was careful to show no favour to anyone.
他小心谨慎地不偏袒任何人。5．favour vt.喜爱；偏袒 n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；支持do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
in favour of sb./sth.赞成；支持
in sb.'s favour对某人有利
Could you do me a favour and pick my son up at the school gate? You know I am always in favour of you.And I think doing such things is in your favour.
请你帮我个忙去学校接我独生子好吗？你知道我一直就支持你的。而且我觉得做这些事对你也是有好处的。doing me a favour in our favour in favour of
单句改错
④His most favourite director is in favour of the interview plan.
___________去掉most ①She piled everything into her suitcase and left.
她把所有东西堆进手提箱然后走了。
②The bus finally came and we all piled into it.
公共汽车终于来了，我们一拥而上。
③Your letter is under a pile of papers.
你的信在一摞文件底下。6．pile vt.把……堆起；积聚 vi.堆起；堆积 n．堆；摞；叠pile in/out蜂拥而进/出
pile up堆起来
a pile of/piles of一大堆；大量
The students all piled into the classroom.
学生们一窝蜂地拥进教室。
Please pile up the old books.
请把这些旧书堆起来。
I have piles of work to do today.
我今天有许多工作要做。piled into the house piles of magazines pile up ①Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
14岁以下儿童必须有成人陪伴。
②She left the stage, accompanied by loud cheering.
她在一片欢呼声中离开了舞台。
③The young man said that he was going to accompany his girlfriend home.
那个年轻人说他打算陪他的女友回家。
④Her mother accompanied her on the piano.
她母亲用钢琴为她伴奏。7．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；伴随；与……同时(1)accompany sb.at/on sth.用……给某人伴奏
accompany sb.to...陪某人到……
be accompanied by...由……陪同或伴随
(2)accompanist n．伴随者
company n．同伴；客人；公司；戏剧团
keep sb.company陪伴某人
注意：accompany作动词用时意为“陪同……去……”(go with...)，本身已包含了go的含义，因而不能再与go连用。例如：
I accompanied him to the hotel.
我陪他去了宾馆。解析：句意：学校制度规定白天任何孩子不能出学校，除非有家长陪同。考查非谓语动词。accompany与其逻辑主语child之间为被动关系，故填过去分词形式。accompanied ②Children，when ____________(accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
解析：句意：当孩子被其父母陪伴时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。本题考查非谓语动词。由句意可知“陪伴”应用accompany，且accompany与主语children之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填accompanied。
③With nobody ______________(accompany)the old woman most of the time，she felt lonely and unhappy.
解析：句意：大部分时间没有人陪这位老婆婆，她感到孤单和不快乐。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with的复合结构形式，accompany作宾补，修饰nobody，与其为主动关系，故填现在分词形式。accompanied accompanying
补全句子
④He keeps a pet dog to ______________/__________________(陪伴他)．
⑤He has an ambition to ________________________(陪他的妈妈去)Jiuzhaigou.accompany him keep him company accompany his mother to The minister deals with important affairs of the state.
部长处理国家重要事务。8．affair n．事务；事情；暧昧关系affair/event/matter/incident/accidentHow did the traffic accident happen? We are going to discuss how to deal with this matter.
这起交通事故怎么发生的？我们将要讨论一下如何处理这件事情。
The World War Ⅱ was one of the most important events in the history of mankind.
第二次世界大战是人类历史上最重大的事件之一。
In the recent incident two bombs exploded.
在最近发生的事变中，两枚炸弹爆炸了。表示“事务；事态”时，affair常用复数形式。解析：句意：中国总理李克强在外交事务上被认为是值得信赖的。考查名词。foreign affairs外交事务。affairs
用affair, event, incident, accident或matter的适当形式填空
②He was killed in a car __________.
③The July 7th __________ of 1937 had a bad influence on China.
④The next ________ will be the relay race.
⑤It is a ________ of who will take the position.
⑥Big countries shouldn't direct the _________ of other countries.accident incident event matter affairs ①She declared that the whole project was a waste of time and money.
她声称整个项目既浪费时间又浪费钱。
②Soon they will declare her the owner of the house.
很快他们就会宣布她为房子的主人。9．declare vt.宣布；宣称；声明；表明declare sth.宣布某事
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表明(声明)支持/反对
declare off取消
declare oneself发表意见，表明态度
declare war on/against(对……)宣战
declarer n．宣告者
declaration n．宣布，宣言，宣告，声明；申报，声明(书)declare/announce
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.
当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时，大家都静静地倾听。
The chairman declared the meeting closed.
主席宣布会议结束。was declared to be declared war on
③He ______________________ a philosopher，who had given up everything.
他自称是一个哲学家，把世上的一切都看成过眼浮云。
④We ______________ improving the public bus system.
我们赞成改进公共交通系统。declared himself to be declared for ①I envy you your success.我羡慕你的成功。
②I envy you having such a happy family.
我羡慕你有一个这么幸福的家庭。
③The children of the celebrities have long been the envy of children from ordinary families in China.
在中国，名人的孩子一直是来自普通家庭的孩子的羡慕对象。10．envy vt.& n．忌妒；羡慕envy sb.忌妒或羡慕某人
envy at/of sth.忌妒或羡慕某事
the envy of sb.令人忌妒或羡慕的事物
out of envy出于忌妒
with envy出于忌妒
envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的
be envious of sb./sth.满怀忌妒的，表现出或表示忌妒或羡慕的with envy envy him the good chance ①The new product had been tested out before it was put into market.
这种新产品经过试验后才进入市场。
②Have you tested out this new theory?
你充分检验了这个新理论了吗？重 点 短 语1．test out 试验；考验(1)test sb.on sth.在……方面测试某人
test sth.on sb./sth.在……身上试验……
test sb.for sth.为某事检查某人
(2)take a test in/for参加……考试/测试will test out have to be tested had a test on She rang up yesterday to make an appointment with our manager.
昨天她打电话与我们经理进行了预约。
提示：ring up中的up是副词，接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词要放在ring和up之间，接名词作宾语时，名词既可放在ring和up之间，也可放在ring up之后。
Could you ring me up here as soon as he arrives?
他一到你就给我打电话好吗？2．ring up(给……)打电话。如：与打电话有关的短语有：
call sb.(up)/phone sb./telephone sb.打电话给某人
give sb.a ring/phone/call打电话给某人
make a telephone call to sb.打电话给某人
ring back回电话给(某人)
ring off放下电话，挂断电话
ring off＝hang up挂断电话
hold on＝hang on别挂断电话up off ①He turned around to find a policeman looking at him.
他一转身发现一个警察在看他。
②Though the situation looks gloomy it will eventually turn round.
尽管形势看起来不好，但最终会好转的。3．turn around转向；回转；转身turn down调低；拒绝
turn up开大；调大；出现
turn in上交；交还
turn out结果是；证明；生产；出现；在场
turn to求助于；翻到(某页)；致力于
turn away把……打发走
turn over翻过来；翻转
We invited her to the party, but she didn't turn up.
我们邀请她参加聚会，但她没出现。
She turned over and went to sleep again.Then her mother turned around to turn down the TV.
她翻了一下身又睡着了。她母亲转身把电视音量调小了。turn around around out down to ①Please leave the fragile objects alone!
请不要动那些易碎物品！
②It's not your problem; why don't you leave it alone?
这不是你的问题，你何必去管它呢？
③Leave me alone！Go away!
别打扰我！走开！4．leave alone不管；不惹；让……一个人待着，让……单独在一起(1)let sb.alone不打扰
let/leave sth.alone不碰；不移动
(2)leave behind留下；遗忘；把……抛在后面
leave out遗漏；省去；不考虑
leave sth.as it is听任某事自由发展
leave for动身到
leave off停止(做某事)If you don't study hard, you'll soon be left behind.
你若不用功学，很快就会被落下。
He left out a word in this sentence.
他在这个句子里漏掉了一个单词。
Last period we left off at the end of Unit 1.
上一节课我们在第一单元的结尾处停下的。leave her alone avoids being left alone with her will be left out is likely to leave for 难 点 解 析1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离家三周的这个期间。但是克莱尔被拉里说服了，他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。(1)but连接两个并列分句。在第一个并列分句中，含有一个as引导的时间状语从句；在第二个分句中，含有一个that引导的宾语从句。to be harmed是不定式的被动形式，作宾语补足语。
(2)句中persuade是及物动词，意为“说服，劝服，使相信”。persuade的主要用法有：
①persuade sb.(not)to do sth.劝服某人(不)做某事
I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.
我最后终于想法子说服她跟我一起出去喝一杯了。②persuade sb.into(out of)doing sth.劝服某人(不)做某事
I have persuaded her into accepting my idea.
我已劝服她接受我的意见。
③persuade sb.that使某人相信……，劝服某人……
It will be difficult to persuade them that there is no other choice.
很难让他们相信(他们)别无选择。
④persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
How can I persuade you of my sincerity?
我怎样才能让你相信我的诚意呢？
提示：注意persuade与advise的区别：
persuade指成功“劝服”了某人做某事，advise只用来指“建议”某人做某事。表示“劝而未服”通常用try to persuade或advise。如：
I tried to persuade him to stop smoking but he would not listen.
＝I advised him to stop smoking but he would not listen.
我设法说服他戒烟但是他不听。解析：句意：“教练，我能继续训练吗？”“很抱歉，你不可以，因为你的膝盖受伤还没有恢复过来。”
补全句子
②Alice信任你。唯有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。
Alice trusts you; only you can ___________________________ the foolish idea.as/because/since persuade her to give up 在more...than...中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的内容，相当于“是……而不是……”。如：
The hat is more green than blue.
这顶帽子是绿色而不是蓝色。
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
与其说这是本语法书还不如说是一本字典。2．His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.
机器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一个人，而不像台机器。①Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
②You are no more careful than he is.
你和他一样不仔细。
③Tom is not more diligent than Mary.
汤姆不如玛丽勤奋。He is more a writer than a teacher. I was more than happy to see you.I felt more excited than happy. 该句是复合句。it是形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.
很明显他们没有对和平的渴望。
②It seems that Lao Wu's idea is more practical.
看起来老吴的意见更实际一些。
③It happened that I wasn't there that day.
恰巧那天我不在那里。3．It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。it作形式主语的常见结构如下：
(1)It's a pity/a shame/good news/an honour/a good thing that...
(2)It's strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/possible that...
(3)It seems/happened/suddenly struck me that...
(4)It is said/reported/announced/expected/arranged that...
(5)It is doubtful/not decided/ not made clear/to be decided/a question＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
(6)It doesn't matter/doesn't make too much difference＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句解析：考查it的用法。此句型为“It is a fact that...”It替代的是后面的主语从句。
②It is obvious to the students _______ they should get well prepared for their future.
解析：空格处应是一个主语从句的引导词，因该主语从句不缺成分，且句意完整，故应用不作任何成分的连词that来引导。it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。It that 本句中one of the richest and most powerful women around是Gladys Claffern的同位语。同位语是用来对名词(或代词)作进一步解释的，它可以是单词、短语或从句。
①Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。4．She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.
她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是一个远近闻名的有钱有势的女人。②He himself told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
③He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health.
他总是努力工作，尽管他知道他身体不好这个事实。
提示：要注意名词(或代词)与它的同位语分隔的现象。如：
The thought came to me that I would invite him to McDonald's.
当时我产生一个念头，即我要请他吃麦当劳。
(同位语从句that I would invite him to McDonald's与the thought被came to me分隔。翻译时，可加上“即”或用冒号、破折号。)解析：本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：高层次的成功的唯一方法就是要相信在体育运动方面你比任何人都要强。分析结构可知，此处 belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，应用that引导。that ②I made a promise to myself _______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
解析：本题考查同位语从句。句意：我自己许诺，今年，我在高中的第一年，会不同的。本从句是同位语从句，说明promise的内容。且从句中不缺少句子成分，故用连词that引导。that (1)本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是倒装句式，并且是全部倒装。句子的主语是Gladys Claffern，谓语是stood，there作地点状语。正常语序应是“Gladys Claffern stood there”。5．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。(2)当here，there，now，then，in，down，out，up，off，away等表示地点、时间和方位的副词位于句首，谓语动词是come，go，live，lie，stand等，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。其中谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时，而不能用进行时态，且当主语是代词时，不用倒装结构。
①There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom.
我们教室前有一棵老松树。
②The door opened and in came Mr.Smith.
门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。There lies a small village at the foot of the hill. Look！Up flies the kite into the sky. Around the town flows a river. 本句结构为强调句式。其结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(who)．..。强调部分可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语等。
It was Tom and Jack that(who)saw an interesting film in Binhai Cinema last night.
昨天晚上在滨海电影院看了一场有趣的电影的是汤姆和杰克。(强调主语)6．It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.
也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。
It was an interesting film that Tom and Jack saw in Binhai Cinema last night.
昨天晚上汤姆和杰克在滨海电影院看的是一场有趣的电影。(强调宾语)
It was last night that Tom and Jack saw an interesting film in Binhai Cinema.
汤姆和杰克是昨天晚上在滨海电影院看的一场有趣的电影。(强调状语)
提示：
(1)该句式与It is...that句式中it作形式主语的句式有区别：
在强调句式中，如果把It is(was)．..that去掉，整个句子意思仍然非常完整，例如把上述例句中It was...that去掉后，句子变为：
Last night Tom and Jack saw an interesting film in Binhai Cinema.
昨天晚上汤姆和杰克在滨海电影院看了一场有趣的电影。
在It作形式主语的句式中，如果把It is (was)．..that去掉，剩下的部分就无法组成一个意义完整的句子。
(2)这个强调句式不能用来强调谓语动词。加强谓语动词的语气，只能靠语调或助动词，或另外一个句子来表示。例如，我们可以用助动词do来强调谓语动词，do须随时态变化而变化，通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
Tom and Jack did see an interesting film in Binhai Cinema last night.
昨晚，汤姆和杰克在滨海电影院的确看了一场有趣的电影。解析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调时间状语，应用that。that
②(2016·天津·13改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _______ the coach picks up tourists.
解析：考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was＋强调部分＋that＋其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故填that。that have sb.doing用在否定句中表示“不容许某人做某事”。
She won't have her child answering back rudely in public.
她不容许她的孩子在公共场合无理顶撞。7．But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。have sb.do sth.让某人去做某事
have sb./sth.done使某人/某物被做；使某人/某物遭受到……
have sb.doing让某人持续做某事
I won't have you having the light burning all night long; you should have it turned off.Or I'll have you go out.
我不容许你让灯开一晚上，你应该把它关掉，否则我就让你出去。have him making fun of won't have him conducting badly cut getting deal tested 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件53张PPT。Unit 2Section Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习
Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________n．喜爱；感情→________v．影响
2．________v．陈述；说明→________n．状态
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．将……放到一边____________
2．从那时起________________
3．除……之外(还)，也；和_______________affection affect state state set aside from then on as well as Ⅲ.感悟语法
1．It's a great honour _________________(invite) to attend your wedding party.
2．The next thing _______________(do) is to clean the classroom.
3．The novel is said _________________________(translate) into English.
4．I find the problem is very difficult ____________(solve)．
5．The teacher left us a tot of homework __________(do)．
6．“Are there any more clothes ________________(wash)？” asked mum.
7．The little boy should love ________________(take) to visit the Great Wall.to be invited to be done to have been translated to solve to do to be washed to be taken 8．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the students, but it remains ___________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.
9．The emperor ordered the magic cloth ________________(weave) for him right away.
10．His father left the small village, never _______________(see) again.to be seen to be woven to be seen 合 作 探 究①He stated his view on the subject.
他陈述了他对该问题的看法。
②The witness stated that she had never seen Mr.Smith.
证人宣称她从未见过史密斯先生。
③There are fears for the state of the country's economy.
人们对国家的经济状况很担心。核 心 词 汇1．state vt.陈述 n．状况；形态；国家statement n．[C]陈述；声明
A government spokesperson made a statement to the press.
政府发言人向新闻界发表了一份声明。解析：句意：不久以后他发表了关于这件事情的第一份公开声明。考查名词。statement声明，陈述。statement 完成句子
②政府发表了一项声明，否认了这些谣言。
The government has put out a __________ denying these rumours.
③他们的国家是由50个州组成的。
Their country is composed of 50 ________.
④布什总统发表声明，要求伊拉克必须大规模撤军。
President Bush ________ the Iraqis had to begin a large-scale withdrawal.statement states stated ①I have an affection for my children.
我爱我的孩子们。
②I feel great affection for her, but she never shows any affection towards me.
我对她怀着强烈的爱，但她从未对我表示过任何爱意。
③There is no affection between them.
他们之间毫无感情。2．affection n．喜爱；爱；感情affect v．影响
affectionate adj.表示关爱的
set one's affections on/upon sb.钟爱某人
have an affection for/towards sb.喜欢某人
提示：表示“对……的爱与喜欢”的表达方式还有：
have a taste for爱好……
have an appetite for对……有胃口；喜欢……
have a love for喜爱……
have a tendency for趋向于……
have a preference for偏爱……affection She has difficulty showing affection. 很显然，他非常喜爱香港和那里的人们。 ①She tries to set aside some money every month.
她每个月都尽量存点钱。
②The boss set all the workers' suggestions aside.
老板对工人们的所有建议都置之不理。1．set asid将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑重 点 短 语set aside留出；匀出；忽视；同义词组为lay up。
set back推迟，延缓，阻碍；把(钟表)指针往回拨
set about(doing)sth.＝set out to do sth.开始做，着手处理
set out出发，开始(to do)
set down放下，搁下；记下，写下
set up建立(事业)，成立(组织)
set off出发；使开始做；使爆炸aside down up to care writing ①You have given me two hundred and fifty yuan in all.
你一共给了我250元。
②There were in all a hundred persons present.
到场的总共有100人。2．in all一共；总计above all首先；最重要的是(强调地位的重要性)
at all根本(常用于否定句和疑问句)
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先(强调顺序)
all in all总的来说You shouldn't have scolded the boy at all.He is a child after all；above all，he made only two mistakes in all.
你本不该责备那个男孩。他毕竟还是个孩子；最重要的是，他总共才出了两个错。in all First of all After all Above all 难 点 解 析1．Historical research shows that in the 22nd century many people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house decorators.
历史研究表明在22世纪许多人讲到人们曾买机器人作为家庭装修工的情况。句中that引导一个宾语从句；many people told stories about后面有一个how引导的宾语从句。
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只具有引导作用，并无具体意义，而且不在句中充当成分，因此在口语或非正式文体中常可省略，省略之后对原句并无影响。如：
She said (that) she couldn't go with him because she had a lot to do that night.
她说因为那天晚上她有很多事情要做，所以不能和他一起去了。提示：在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that最好不要省略：
(1)主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。
(2)若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连接词that可以省去，其余需保留。如：
Linda said (that) she would go to meet Tom in person and that she wouldn't tell anyone about the appointment.
琳达说她会亲自去见汤姆，并且不会告诉任何人这次约会的事情。解析：that引导多个宾语从句时，第一个连接词that可以省去，其余需保留。
②Having checked the doors were closed, and _______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
解析：句意：确保门关上了，且所有的灯都关上了之后，那个男孩打开门进了他的卧室。checked后跟了两个宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that省略了。that / that 2．She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time would be organized into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards.
她计划每天下午都写几张卡片。因为从那时起直到圣诞节，她的时间都安排在了购物、做饭和写卡片上。本句是一个主从复合句，含有because引导的原因状语从句；from then on until Christmas在从句中充当状语，shopping, cooking, writing the cards为并列宾语。as well as意为“除……之外(还)，也，和”。
from then on表示“从那以后”“从那时起”，它是一个固定短语，用作时间状语。如：
From then on, he never spoke to me.
从那时起，他没有同我说过话。
From then on, no one killed a seagull.
从那以后，没有人捕杀海鸥了。
from now on表示“从今以后”，也是一个用作时间状语的固定短语。如：
From now on, I will do morning exercises every day.
从今以后，我每天都要做早操。
From then on, he first worked in a car factory, then as an engineer in a steel factory, which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers. 单 元 语 法英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式Ⅰ.各种时态的被动结构
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：Everyone's pay will be increased next year by 5%.
明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下月底前这项工作将会完成。
The house is quite old.It was built in 1950.
这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。解析：考查宾语从句和时态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故填was being followed。was being followed ②(2016·江苏·22改编)More efforts, as reported，________________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
解析：考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故填will be made。
③(真题改编·北京)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We ______________(treat)well by our hosts.
解析：句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 were treated。 will be made were treated Ⅱ.主动语态表被动意义
1．有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。例如：
This pen writes smoothly.
这笔写起来很流畅。
The cloth washes well.
这种布料耐洗。
2．动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.-ing的主动结构表被动意义。
My watch can't work; it needs repairing.
我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
Ⅲ.不用于被动语态的情形
1．不及物动词(短语)如appear, happen, remain, take place, come about, break out, come true等没有被动语态。
A fire broke out during the night.
夜间发生了火灾。Ⅳ.动词不定式的被动形式和用法
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般时和完成时。
一般时：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
完成时：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
He didn't expect the book to be received so well.
他没想到这本书会受到如此热烈的欢迎。
I'm pleased to have been given this opportunity.
给了我这次机会我很高兴。解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。to be solved
Ⅴ.不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1．动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Would you bring me a bench to sit on?
你给我拿个凳子来坐好吗？解析：deal with作代词something的后置定语与something构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句子的主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用deal with的主动形式表被动意义。to deal
[点津]
如果动词不定式作后置定语，不定式和所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，则使用动词不定式的被动形式。
I'll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？
(post与主语you之间不存在主动关系，只和前面letter构成逻辑上的动宾关系。)
2．在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。
That question is difficult to answer.
那个问题不容易回答。解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商他们能否把巧克力制作得更易弄碎。该句中的形容词easier为宾语补足语，相当于表语的作用，其后应该使用不定式结构，类似于It is＋adj.＋to do...结构，故填to break。to break 3．在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.
这本书太贵，我买不起。
4．在there be...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语重点在人，用被动形式作定语重点在物。比较：
There is a lot of work to do.(用to do可看成是for us to do)
There is a lot of work to be done.(用to be done“谁”做工作不明确)
5．be to blame常用主动表示被动。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
谁应为放火受责备？解析：to blame在句中作the one的定语。to blame为固定用法，用主动形式表达被动意义。句意为“格林先生站出来为那个16岁的男孩辩护，他说那个男孩不该受责备。”to blame to be invited to be published to persuade to take to handle
6．“Are there any more clothes ________________(wash)？”asked Mum.
7．He asked _______________(send)to Yushu to help the local people.
8．Tom refused ____________________(accompany)by his father to school.
9．My little sister should love ________________(take)to watch the new movie.
10．Could you please give me something __________(eat)?to be washed to be sent to be accompanied to be taken to eat 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件55张PPT。Unit 2Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________(n.)喜爱；爱；感情→affect(vt.)影响；感动→effect(n.)结果；作用；影响
2．____________(adj.)兼职的→full-time(adj.)全部时间的；专任的；全职的
3．junior(adj.)较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的(n.)年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→________(adj.)年长的；资历较老的；地位较高的；高级的
4．________(n.)天才；特殊能力；才干→talented(adj.)有才能的；天才的
5．theory(n.)理论→____________(adj.)理论上的
6．_______(vt.& vi.)服从；顺从→disobey(vt.& vi.)不服从；违抗
7．___________(n.)评价；评定→assess(vt.)评价；评定；估价；估定affection part-time senior talent theoretical obey assessment Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 以……为基础
2．___________________ 由于……
3．_____________ 一系列；一套
4．_________________ 认真对待某人/某事物
5．__________ 一共；总计
6．________________ 一定做……
7．____________ 将……放在一边；为……
节省或保留(钱或时间)
8．_________________________ 获得硕士学位be based on
as a result of
a set of
take sb./sth.seriously
in all
be bound to
set aside
gain a master's degree Ⅲ.句型结构
1．Asimov's life began in Russia，where he was born on 2 January,1920.
句式：……地方，where引导的非限制性定语从句。
仿写：毕业后，他去了济南，并在此住了20年。
_______________________________________________________________
2．It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious.
句式：It is/was＋被强调部分(时间状语)＋that＋其他。
仿写：到家时，他发现钥匙落在办公室里了。
_______________________________________________________________After graduation，he went to Jinan，where he lived for 20 years. It was when he got home that he found the keys had been left in the office. Ⅳ.课文理解
阅读课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following can be the best title？_____
A．Isaac Asimov's life B．Isaac Asimov's works
C．Isaac Asimov's success D．Isaac Asimov's family
2．Which of the following is not Isaac Asimov's works？_____
A．Mystery stories. B．Science books.
C．Science fiction stories. D．Comic stories.
3．When did his talent for writing become obvious？_____
A．In 1931. B．In 1939.
C．In 1951. D．In 1958.A D A 4．Which of the following is not true of Isaac Asimov？_____
A．He was an American scientist and writer.
B．He was born in Russia.
C．He died of blood disease.
D．He married twice and had two children.
5．According to the passage, we can infer that Isaac Asimov's three “laws” for robots _____.
A．contributed a lot to scientists' research of robots
B．were ridiculous and childish
C．had no influence on other writers
D．had been turned into realitiesC A 合 作 探 究①He is the champion of the world junior diving championship.
他是世界少年组跳水锦标赛的冠军。
②I was the most junior person in my company.
我在公司资历最浅。
③He is my junior by three years.
他比我小三岁。核 心 词 汇1．junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者be junior to比……资历浅/地位低
be senior to比……资历深/地位高
Though Tom is two years junior to me, he is senior to me in our office.
尽管汤姆比我小两岁，但在办公室里他的职位比我高。than→to junior to me is junior to me by 3 years ①He showed considerable talent for getting what he wanted.
他很有天资，能够心想事成。
②There is a wealth of young talents in British theatre.
英国戏剧界青年一代人才辈出。2．talent n．天才；才干；特殊能力；有才能的人have a talent for...有……的天赋
talented adj.天才的；有才能的
gift n．天赋；天才；才能
gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的has a talent for for in/at talented 3．assessment n．评定；评价assess vt.评价，评估，评定
assess sth.(at sth.)确定，评定(若干数额)
assess sb's taxes/income 评定某人的税额/总收入
teaching assess 教学评估
comprehensive assess综合评价①Damage to the building was assessed at 400,000 yuan.
该建筑的损失估定为40万元。
②We should equitably assess historical figures.
我们应该公正地评价历史人物。
③How do you assess your students?
你如何评价你的学生们？
④The insurance company needs to assess the risk.
保险公司需要评估风险。assess at assessment ①It is because of the divorce between college education and society that many university graduates can only find an ordinary job.
正是由于大学教育与社会分离，许多大学毕业生只能找到一份普通的工作。
②They have agreed to get a divorce.
他们已同意离婚。
③They believed that art should be divorced from politics.
他们认为艺术应该与政治分开。4．divorce n．离婚；断绝关系；脱离 vt.与……离婚；与……脱离(1)get a divorce from sb .＝divorce sb.与某人离婚
divorce...from...使……与……脱离
(2)divorced adj.离婚的，离异的；脱离……的
be divorced from脱离……
get divorced离婚got a divorce from divorce him divorce fantasy from reality 去掉from ①You have done so much that you are bound to pass the exam.
你下了这么大功夫，一定能及格。
②I feel bound to tell you that you're drinking too much.
我感觉有必要和你说你酒喝得太多了。1．be bound to一定做……重 点 短 语be bound to sth.被束缚于某物
be bound to do sth.一定会
be bound up in热心于；忙于
be bound up with与……有密切联系
He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。解析：句意：别对她撒谎。她一定会发现的。考查固定搭配。be bound to do sth.一定会做某事。
②You're ________ to face negative thoughts and emotions，but you don't have to allow them to control you.
解析：句意：你一定会面对消极的思想和情感，但你不必让它们来控制你。be bound to do sth.一定会做某事。to find bound ①He determined to give up smoking.
他决定戒烟。
②She gave up her seat to the old man.
她把座位让给了那位老人。
③They had to give up the town to the enemy.
他们只好把城镇交给敌人。2．give up放弃；交出；让给give away赠送；泄露
give in屈服；让步
give off放出；散发
give out分发；用完；消耗尽
give way to给……让路；对……让步
After a month their food supplies gave out, so they had to give in.
一个月后他们食物供应消耗殆尽，因此他们不得不投降。
He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。解析：句意：即使电脑屏幕没有辐射，但长时间盯着屏幕也会对你的视力有害，尤其是对于一些经常接触iPad的孩子来说。考查动词短语。give off释放，发出。off ②A lot of exercise outdoors could give ______ positive energy which helps you to reduce stress.
解析：句意：大量的户外锻炼能释放积极的能量，这些能量能帮助你减少压力。考查动词短语。give off释放，发出。
③It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given ______.Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段)of a particularly interesting story.
解析：句意：使Welty苦恼的是，她78岁了，左耳现在已经失聪。有时候坐在公共汽车上或者火车上，她只能听到某个特别有趣的故事的片段。考查固定短语搭配。give out有“失灵，停止运转”之意，符合语境。off out
完成句子
④我们全都是为了他才放弃这个计划的。
It was all because of him that we ___________ the plan.gave up If you can't take your study seriously, you will fail in the coming examination.
如果你不认真对待学习，接下来的考试就会不及格。3．take...seriously认真对待……take one's time不用急，慢慢来
take it easy别紧张
take pride in以……自豪
take the place of代替；取代
take ...for granted认为……理所当然
take possession of占有，拥有
take charge负责；掌管
take advantage of利用
Take your time, and we are waiting for you.
不用急，我们等你。
He took pride in his little son who had took charge of the company.
他以他小儿子成为这家公司的负责人感到自豪。解析：本题考查take短语。take...seriously“认真/严肃对待某事”。句意：只有当他离开学校时他才开始认真对待政治学。
翻译句子
②机器人将来会代替人类吗？
____________________________________________________________seriously Will robots take the place of human beings in the future？ (1)该句为复合句，while作连词，表对比，意为“而，然而”。feeling embarrassed为现在分词结构，作伴随状语。难 点 解 析1．While some owners were firm with their robot's suggestions, others would turn around and walk out of the shop, feeling embarrassed.
有些主人会很赞同机器人的建议，而有的会转身走出商店，感到很尴尬。
(2)while的用法
①作并列连词，“而，然而”，表对比。
②作从属连词
a．表时间，引导时间状语从句，“当……的时候，和……同时”。此时从句谓语一般为延续性动词。
b．表让步，通常位于句首，“尽管，虽然”。
③作名词，意为“一会儿”，常用短语为for a while“一会儿”。
a．While Tom is very good at science，his brother is absolutely hopeless.
汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟绝对是不可救药。
b．While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生，但是他对他们也很严格。
c．She fell asleep while listening to the radio.
她听着收音机睡着了。解析：考查连词。句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。While
翻译句子
②While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.
_________________________________________________________
③这个国家的南方越来越富，而北方却越来越穷。
________________________________________________________________尽管我一直感觉我会通过这次考试，但从没想过会得一个A。 The south of the country grows richer，while the north grows poorer. 2．A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings(as long as human beings are not injured)．
机器人应服从人类给他的指令(只要人类不受到伤害)。as long as＝so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
①You may borrow the book so long as/as long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。
②I don't care about the price as long as the car is in good condition.
我不计较价钱，只要车好就行了。on condition that只要；如果
provided/providing(that)只要；倘若
I am quite willing，on condition that there's no objection.
如果没有人反对，我很愿意。
I will go with you providing(that)my expenses are paid.
倘若我的费用有人代付，我就和你一起去。condition后加that 一个人只要给别人的生活带来价值，那这个人活得也有价值。 You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast. 写 作 探 究本单元的写作任务是写一篇想象类作文，这类作文在高考中的命题方式多是给出简单要点或图表等，并要求学生在此基础上进行合理想象。因此此类文章的写作属于半开放式作文。半开放式作文也是近几年高考书面表达的一个热点。
[写作步骤]
首先，一定要从实际生活出发，借助已有的知识，展开合理的、丰富的想象。其次，内容要具体，根据题目的要求和提示，围绕主题想象相关的材料，材料越丰富充实，文章才会越生动，切忌说空话。如何写想象类作文[注意事项]
写作时应注意时态及人称的合理运用，还应注意丰富的表达方式，且内容要有一定的层次性。写作时要注意角色的换位，即改变一个人的身份，使其变成另外一种身份，突破现实与环境的局限，自由通畅地来表达自己的想法。使用一些较高级词汇及较复杂的句式。
表程序或动作过程的：first，second，firstly，secondly，next等。
表示递进的：what's more，moreover，in addition等。
表示举例的：such as；for example等。
表示总结的：in a word，in general，in short等。[典题透析]
请根据下面提示及图画，写一篇短文。词数100词左右。
In an English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the class how you understand it.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________[参考范文]
In the picture we can see a family in a car.The mother and the father are trying to drive the car in opposite directions with their child sitting between them, looking rather confused.
It reminds me of a common phenomenon in some families.When there are some decisions for the family to make, the parents hold different opinions and turn a deaf ear to each other, not to mention their children's ideas.For example, when it comes to what their children should major in at university, they will have a heated argument regardless of the children's intention.
I think parents should try to improve their communication and take their children's opinions into consideration so as to reach an agreement.
[写作词汇热身]
1．相反的__________
2．提醒某人某事______________________
3．对……置若罔闻_______________________
4．主修____________
5．不管不顾_______________opposite remind sb.of sth. turn a deaf ear to major in regardless of
[写作表达练习]
1．这使我想起了一些家庭中存在的一个普遍现象。
__________________________________________________________
2．家长们持有不同看法。
____________________________________
3．他们会激烈争论而不顾孩子的意向。
_______________________________________________________________It reminds me of a common phenomenon in some families. The parents hold different opinions. They will have a heated argument regardless of the children's intention. [名师点评]
1．本文符合开放性作文的特点，从实际生活出发，借助提供材料，展开合理、丰富的想象。
2．内容具体，根据题目的要求和提示，围绕与主题相关的材料展开话题，文章生动。
3．注意了人称与时态的应用。同时跨越时空限制，突破限制，自由畅通地表达了作者的所思所想，并使用了一些高级词汇与复杂句式，是一篇好作文。巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件125张PPT。Unit 3Section Ⅰ Warming-up；Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习witness shore opposite pause flee drag abandon
(Ⅱ)形意记忆
1．annual(adj.)每年的；按年度计算的(n.)年刊；年鉴→__________(adv.)一年一次地
2．accommodation(n.)住所；住宿→____________(vt.)为……提供住宿
3．depth(n.)深(度)；深处→_______(adj.)深切的；深的→________(vt.)加深
4．urge(vt.)催促；极力主张；驱策→________(adj.)紧急的；急迫的annually accommodate deep deepen urgent Ⅱ.短语互译
1．在……开始时 ______________________
2．听说 _________________
3．整理 ___________
4．在……前面 ____________
5．race after ________
6．in the meantime ______________________
7．hold(...) up ________
8．help(...) out ______________________________at the beginning of
hear of/about
sort out
ahead of
追赶
在此期间，与此同时
举起
帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 Ⅲ.句型结构
1．There was one day when we were out...
句式：...day/time when...定语从句
仿写：那是一个人人自危的时期。
______________________________________________
2．I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
句式：be terrified of being done害怕被……
仿写：我害怕被单独留下。
________________________________________It was a time when every one felt uneasy. I am terrified of being left alone. Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)阅读课文，选择最佳答案
1．The author compared the killers to _____.
A．wolves B．tigers
C．dogs D．lions
2．The killers worked as a team because _____.
A．they worked together to hunt the whale
B．they threw themselves on top of the whale's blow-hole
C．they were stopping the whale fleeing out to sea
D．they stopped the whale from breathingC A 3．The whalers returned home without the whale's body because _____.
A．it was too heavy to carry
B．they didn't catch the whale
C．it wouldn't float up to the surface for around 24 hours
D．the killers ate it up
4．Old Tom helped James by _____.
A．hugging him in the water B．keeping the shark away from James
C．holding up James in the water D．seizing him by the arm
5．The relationship between Old Tom and the whalers is _____.
A．friendly B．cruel
C．serious D．tenseC B A (Ⅱ)课文语法填空
The story was about 1.______ the killers helped whalers catch the huge whales.And 2.______ was when the writer was working at the whaling stations 3._______ he witnessed it with his own eyes.
Old Tom, 4.______ of the killers often led George，the writer and other whalers to the spot, where 5._____ pack of six or seven killers 6._______________(attack) a whale.While some were throwing themselves on top of the whale's blow-hole to stop it 7.__________(breathe)，others are stopping it fleeing out to sea.And finally，when the whaler killed the whale with a harpoon, they dragged the dead whale down into the depths of the sea and ate up 8.______lips and tongue.After 24 hours, they brought it to the surface，waiting for the whalers to bring in the body.how it that one a were attacking breathing its
It was astonishing to know Old Tom and other killers never harmed or attacked people; instead, they helped and saved them 9._______ they were in trouble.For example，when James was once washed off the boat and struggled in the water，it was Old Tom that held him 10.______ in the water until we got the boat back to James.when up 合 作 探 究①An accident happened to him.
他出事了。
②It happened that I had no money with me at that time.
＝I happened to have no money with me at that time.
碰巧当时我没带钱。核 心 词 汇1．happen vi.碰巧；巧遇；(偶然)发生(发生在某人身上时，常用介词to)sth.happens to sb.某人出了某事
sb.happens to do某人碰巧做某事
It happened/happens that碰巧做某事
as it happens/happened恰巧；碰巧
happen on sth.偶然发现某物
Last night a terrible accident happened to Tom.I happened to see it.
昨天晚上汤姆出了车祸。我碰巧看到了这起事故。
We met him only yesterday, as it happened.
我们只是在昨天才与他偶然相遇的。happen指那些偶然的或未能预见的事情。多用于偶然或突发性事件。
take place指某事按计划进行或发生。此外还有“举行”之意。
occur偶然发生，其意义相当于happen；还可指“想起，想到”。
break out常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等突然爆发。
come about多指事情已经发生，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句中，尤其指争论、差别等。The evening party will take place next Sunday.
晚会将在下周日举行。
Doctors were sent to the earthquake-hit area to offer medical help in case any disease broke out.
医生被派往地震灾区提供医疗帮助以防发生疾病。
I'll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
我永远不会明白你怎么会一周迟到三次。
Did it occur to you that he had a gift for music?
你可曾想到他有音乐天赋？happened occurred come broke out have taken place ①The early 21st century witnessed increasing unemployment in the world.
21世纪初期见证了世界性增长的失业率。
②He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他作证说他看到那个人进入了房间。
③Taierzhuang, in Shandong province, has been witnessed to a heroic spirit and has been called a “live canal” by the World Tourism Organization.
山东省的台儿庄见证了英雄精神，被世界旅游组织誉为“活着的运河”。2．witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据(1)witness sth.目击某事的发生
witness to sth./doing sth.作证，证明某事/做某事
(2)a witness to sth.某事的证人
bear/give witness to sth.为某事作证；证明will witness have witnessed to a witness to their romantic love ①The hotel provides accommodation for up to 100 people.
这家旅馆最多可为100人提供住宿。
②The building plans include much needed new office accommodation.
建筑规划包括紧缺的新办公用房。3．accommodation n．住所；住宿；办公处(1)book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预订房间
arrange sb.'s accommodation给某人安排住处
(2)accommodate vt.为(某人)提供住宿，容纳
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
温馨提示：在英式英语中，accommodation为不可数名词；而在美式英语中，accommodation为可数名词，常用复数形式。make accommodation for accommodate to accommodation ①The bank is opposite the supermarket.
银行在超市的对面。
②I watched them leave and then drove off in the opposite direction.
我目送他们离去，然后开车向相反的方向驶去。
③Hot and cold are opposites.
热和冷是对立面。4．opposite prep.在……的对面；与……相反
adj.相对的；相反的
n．对立的人/物；对立面；反面be opposite to与……相反；在……对面
oppose vt.反对；对抗
opposition n．反对；对抗；敌手
opposed adj.反对的；对抗的
She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.
她试着让他平静下来，却似乎火上浇油了。opposite the school the opposite of 单句语法填空
③The government has encountered strong ___________(opposite)to its plans to raise income tax.
解析：句意：政府计划提高所得税遭到了强烈的反对，考查名词。opposition反对。
④I thought the measure would work，but it had the __________(oppose)effect—more rivers being polluted.
解析：句意：我以为这项措施会起作用，但是它带来的却是反作用——更多的河流正遭受污染。考查形容词。opposite相反的，符合题意。opposition opposite ①She yelled at her naughty child.
她对淘气的孩子大喊大叫。
②The boss is always yelling orders at his employees.
这个老板总是对员工发号施令。
③The crowd let out a yell of excitement.
人群发出一阵兴奋的叫喊声。5．yell vi.大叫；呼喊 n．叫声；喊声yell at冲……大喊
yell out大声喊叫
let out(give)a yell大喊一声
yell for help大声呼救
yell with fury(pain, delight)发怒(痛得，乐得)大叫
yell out an oath破口咒骂
yell a warning高声警告
yell the team to victory用喊声鼓励队员取胜
yell one's head off大声叫喊let out a yell Don't yell at me at off for with ①Without a pause/pausing the woman spoke for an hour.
那位妇女一刻不停地讲了一小时。
②After the boy paused for a while, he continued running.
男孩稍停了停，然后继续跑。
③After a short pause for some water, they continued to walk ahead.
稍微停了停喝了点水之后，他们继续朝前走。6．pause vi/n.暂停；中止pause/stop/quitAfter a brief pause the speaker continued. asked for a pause They are heading home, hand in hand.
他们手拉着手正朝家里走去。7．head vi.朝……方向移动；出发；动身；驶往……(1)head for向(某处)行进
head out离去；启程
(2)head n．头；头脑；智力；理解力
bury one's head in the sand逃避现实
keep one's head保持镇定
have one's head in the clouds想入非非；做白日梦They are heading for New York with confidence.
他们满怀信心地朝纽约的方向进发。
I have a long way to go before dark so I'm going to head out.
天黑前我还有很远的路要走，我得上路了。
It is useless to have your head in the clouds all day long.
整天做白日梦是没用的。
She was able to keep her head in the crisis.
她在这次危机中保持了清醒的头脑。
If there is a war, you cannot bury your head in the sand.
如果有了战争，你不能逃避现实。bury your head in the sand
单句语法填空
②The tall woman _________(head) straight for the teaching building, is an excellent English teacher popular with our school students.
解析：句意为“那个径直朝教学大楼走去的高个子女人是一位出色的英语老师，她深受我校学生的喜爱。”本题既考查head用法，又考查非谓语动词在句中作后置定语。分析句法可看出，woman和head之间是主动关系，所以应该用动词-ing形式作定语。heading ①Throw your arms out in front of you as you dive.
跳水时手臂迅速前伸。
②If you can't see the bottom, jump in, don't dive.
如果水深不见底，跳进去时脚先落水，不要俯冲下水。
③The goalkeeper made a spectacular dive to save the goal.
守门员做了一个精彩的鱼跃动作救回一球。8．dive vi.& n．跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲dive from/off从……跳
dive into跳入……中；迅速向下进入
diving board跳板
diving suit潜水衣
diver n．潜水员；跳水者
The diver wearing his diving suit dived from the divingboard into the water.
这位跳水者身穿潜水衣从跳板上跳入水中。dived from the bridge was just about to dive ①The enemy troops fled in utter confusion.
敌军狼狈逃窜。
②He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他同家人争吵后离家去了伦敦。
③He fled his native village to join the Red Army.
他(当年)逃离家乡加入了红军。9．flee vi.逃避；逃跑 vt.逃离flee from逃离某地
During the civil war, thousands of people fled from the country.
在内战期间，许多人逃离这个国家。flee/escape/run away
The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.
敌兵四处逃窜，但几乎没有人能逃脱。解析：句意：敌军士兵四处奔逃，但是很少能逃掉。考查动词。soldiers与flee是逻辑上的主动关系，故填fleeing。escape flat fleeing ①The girl in low spirits dragged a big box to the station.
那个情绪低落的女孩拖着大箱子朝车站走去。
②The man dragged his tired feet home.
这个男人拖着沉重的步子回家。10．drag vt.拖；拉；扯drag oneself out of bed硬撑着从床上爬起来
drag sb.into doing sth.硬拉某人做某事
You'd better not drag him into climbing the mountain.
你最好别硬拉他去爬山。drag/pull/drawdragged the broken boat dragging one wing along dragged her to safety ①The report urged all the children to be taught to swim.
这份报告极力主张教孩子游泳。
②He urged his horse forward.
他策马前行。
③I had a sudden urge to hit him.
我突然很想揍他一顿。11．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
n．强烈的欲望；冲动urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人干某事
urge sth.on sb.向某人强调某事
urge sb.into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事
urge sb.on鼓励/激励某人，为某人加油
have an urge to do/for sth.有做某事的强烈愿望
urgent adj.紧迫的，紧急的
urgency n．紧迫，紧急Brown urged me to reconsider my decision.
布朗极力主张我重新考虑我的决定。
I urged that she(should) read the report carefully.
我催促她仔细看看这份报告。
It is urged that we (should) take measures to protect the environment.
有人主张我们应该采取措施保护环境。
提示：urge作“极力主张，敦促，催促”解时，其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。to study (should)be kept urgent ①Parents who abandon their babies should be punished.
抛弃孩子的父母应该受罚。
②The men abandoned themselves to drinking alcohol when they were in sorrow.
男人们悲伤的时候，他们就沉湎于饮酒。12．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃；沉迷abandon oneself to沉溺于/纵情于……
abandon one's hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地
abandoned adj.无约束的；放任的；被遗弃的
He abandoned himself to despair for some reason.
他因某种原因陷入了绝望。
They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.
他们放弃土地，让侵略者占领。abandon/quit/desert/give up/leave
The guard was punished for deserting his post.
卫兵因撤离职守而受到处罚。
You cannot quit smoking too soon.
你越早戒烟越好。abandoned drinking to (should)abandon ①The author had a good relationship with that editor.
该作者与那位编辑之间的关系很融洽。
②I'm not sure of the exact relationship between them—I think they are cousins.
我不太清楚他们之间的确切关系——我觉得他们是表亲。13．relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往relative adj.相对的，相比较而言的 n．亲戚，亲属
relate vt.使有联系，把……联系起来
related adj.有关的，有亲戚关系的
relation n．关系，联系；亲戚，亲属他们之间的关系正在改善。 考虑到我们长期的关系，我方同意给你方折扣。 ①He made a list of their names present at the meeting.
他列出了会议出席人的名单。
②You'd better make a list of the items before going shopping.
你最好在购物前把要买的商品列个清单。重 点 短 语1．make a list of列出清单；列在单子上list n．一览表；清单
vt.造表；列单子；列于表上
on the danger list病危；病入膏肓
put sb./sth.on the list将某人/某物列在单子上
take sb./sth.off the list将某人/某物从单子上除掉
He was on the danger list，but is much better now.
他曾一度病危，但现在好多了。
Please take her off the list because she was not willing to take part in the activity.
将她从名单上除去吧，因为她不愿参加这项活动。
She is on the waiting list for medical treatment.
她在候诊者名单中。
Please list what you know about the animals on a piece of paper. Who has taken me off the list？ ①I am just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away when the telephone rang.
我正在整理可以扔掉的文件，就在这时电话铃响了。
②It is difficult to sort out the lies from the truth.
谎言和实话难以区分。
③We have got a few little problems to sort out.
我们有几个小问题要解决。2．sort out整理；分类；解决(问题和困难)sort sth./sb./oneself out妥善处理某事/某人(或自己)
sort sth.into sth.整理；把……分类
all sorts of各种各样的
a sort of一种
sort of有几分地
Let's leave that pair to sort themselves out.
让那一对(夫妇)自行解决吧。
There are all sorts of jobs you could do.
有各种各样的工作你可以做。sort out sort the kids out ①The ambulance got there in time to save the patient's life.
救护车及时到达那儿挽救了病人的生命。
②She came running all the way in time for the meeting.
她一路跑着来及时赶上了会议。3．in time to do sth./in time for sth.及时做某事in time及时；最后；终于；终有一天
for some time一段时间
all the time始终；一直
in no time立刻；马上
at no time绝不；在任何时候都不
on time按时；准时
for the time being暂时；暂且at one time曾经；一度；同时
at times有时候
at a time一次；每次
The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.
我到处寻找的那封信其实一直就在我的口袋里。解析：第一空后class为名词，所以要用in time for来表达“及时赶到”；第二空要表达“终有一天”，所以要用in time。
补全句子
②他绝不向困难低头。
_______________ will he give in to the difficulties.in time for in time At no time ①Come on! A lot of work remains to be done.
快点吧，还有许多工作要做呢！
②Oh, come on—you know that isn't true.
咳，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！
③The project is coming on fine.
这项工程进展顺利。4．come on“来！快！得啦！加油！”表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等语气Come along！快来！/赶快！/加把劲！
Come again.请再说一遍。/你说什么来着？
How come...？……怎么回事？/……怎么发生的？/怎样解释……？
when it comes to (doing) sth.当涉及(做)某事时Come on Come again
单句语法填空
③—I'm too tired.I can't walk any farther, Jenny.
—Come ______， Tommy.You can do it!
解析：“珍妮，我累死了，不能再走了。”“汤米，加油，你能行的。”come on加油，加把劲，符合语境。on ①The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him.
讲演的人俯视着下面无数的面孔。
②Her parents told her not to look down upon peasant-workers.
她父母叫她不要瞧不起农民工。5．look down俯视；看不起；蔑视look up向上看；查找
look up to尊敬
look out当心；注意(for)
look through浏览；仔细看
look forward to盼望
look sb.up and down上下打量某人
look after照顾
look back回顾；回想The policeman who looked into the murder looked into the swimming-pool and found a dead body.
调查这起谋杀案的警察向游泳池里看，结果发现了一具尸体。
As I looked through the newspaper, I found some useful information.
我在浏览报纸时，发现了一些有用的信息。
When I came across new words, I would look them up in the dictionary.
当我遇到生词时，我就会查字典。解析：本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：在你参观一个名胜古迹之前，在你当地的图书馆找一本与之有关的书。look for“寻找”符合题意。
②Look _________ this proposal for me, and tell me what you think of it.
解析：look through“浏览，仔细看”。句意为“帮我审查一下这个方案，告诉我你的看法”。for through ①She led us to the manager's office.
她把我们领进经理的办公室。
②What he did led us to believe he was capable.
他所做的使我们相信他是有能力的。
③All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。6．lead sb.to...领着某人到…… lead sb.to do sth.致使某人做某事
lead to通向；导致 lead a...life过着……的生活
④The misprint led to great confusion.
这个印刷错误导致了极大的混淆。
⑤He leads a peaceful life in the country.
他在农村过着平静的生活。常见表示“导致”的表达方式有result in; contribute to; lead to; bring about; cause
His laziness brought about his failure in the exam.
他的懒惰导致他考试不及格。
Her determination and hard work contributed to her great success in her career.
她的决心和努力使得她事业有成。
A burning cigarette end caused the fire.
一个燃烧着的烟头引发了这起火灾。解析：lead to意为“引起，导致”。根据所提供的情景“We firmly believe that war never settles anything.”可判断出“战争不会解决任何事情，只能引起暴乱”。所以根据语境应该填leads to。leads to 汉译英
②他把游客领出去到了花园。
__________________________________________
③是什么导致你得出这个结论的？
__________________________________
④今天我们过着幸福的生活。
_________________________________He led the visitors out to the garden. What led you to the conclusion？ Today we lead a happy life. ①When he aimed(his gun)at the target, he was trembling with fear.
当他用枪瞄准目标时，他吓得浑身发抖。
②The product is aimed at the children market.
这种产品瞄准儿童市场。
③The visit is aimed at improving the relations between the two countries.
此次访问旨在改善两国关系。7．aim at瞄准；对准；目的在于aim n．目标；对准；瞄准
achieve one's aim达到目的/实现目标
miss one's aim未击中目标
without aim漫无目的地
aim to do目的是……
When she is down, she is always walking along the street without aim.
当她情绪低落的时候，她总是漫无目的地在街上走。
Only in this way can you achieve your aim.
只有这样，你才能实现你的目标。missed his aim aim at achieving one's aim aimed at aim to be was not aimed at ①The conference will begin in an hour; in the meantime, let's have a coffee.
会议一小时后开始；在此期间，我们喝杯咖啡吧。
②The next programme starts in five minutes.In the meantime, here's some music.
下一个节目五分钟后开始，现在先播放些音乐。8．in the meantime在此期间；与此同时in the meantime＝in the meanwhile在此期间；与此同时
at the same time同时
I went to college.Meanwhile, many of my friends got well-paid jobs.
我去上大学了。那时我很多朋友都找到了收入不错的工作。In the meantime ①Jane helped him out of his financial difficulties.
简帮他摆脱了财务困难。
②Whenever she heard someone had trouble, she would go to help out.
每当听到有人有困难，她就去帮助解决。9．help(...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困难或危难help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事
help oneself to随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事
can't help do sth.不能帮忙做某事
with the help of在……的帮助下，借助to with out with of cry→crying 难 点 解 析1．It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
当时被人们称作“杀手”的“虎鲸”帮助捕鲸人在须鲸每年洄游的季节将它们捕获。本句中when引导定语从句，先行词为time；该定语从句中又包含as引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句。此处 a time表示“一段时间”，若引导词在从句中作状语，则应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则一般用which或that引导定语从句。如：
To begin/start with, the day was fine, but after a time it began to rain.
开始时，天气很好。但不久就开始下雨了。
There was a time when(during which)we had no radios, no telephones and no TV sets.
曾经有一段时间我们没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机。
提示：表示时间或地点的名词后跟定语从句时，若引导词在从句中作状语，则用when/where或“相应的介词＋which”；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则用which或that。如：
Do you still remember the time which/that we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们一块儿在农场度过的那段时间吗？解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故填when。when ②I was so excited last night that it was a long time ________ I got to sleep.
解析：句意：我昨晚如此兴奋以至于过了很长时间我才睡着。考查状语从句。“It＋be＋时间段＋before...”表示“过多久才……”。故填before。
③In a time _______a great number of people are overweight，they seem to have forgotten the most important way to keep healthy and slim—exercise.
解析：句意：在许多人体重超重的时代，他们似乎忘了保持健康和苗条最重要的方法——锻炼。考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为time，表示时间，且引导词在从句中作状语，故填when。before when 2．On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.
有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。本句为主从复合句，主句是I heard a loud noise coming from the bay; as在句中引导时间状语从句。句中现在分词短语coming from the bay作宾补。现在分词(短语)作宾补时一般表示主动及动作正在进行，且作宾补的现在分词(短语)常用在see, hear, find, notice, watch, feel, smell等感官动词和keep, have, get等使役动词后。如：
I found him smoking in the room.
我发现他在屋子里抽烟。
I felt the plane shaking.
我感到飞机在摇晃。解析：句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。
②I looked up and noticed a snake _________(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。notice后跟复合结构，宾语是a snake，宾补是wind的某种形式，表示当时正在进行的动作，故用winding。句意：我抬起头来注意到一条蛇蜿蜒爬到树上去捕获它的早餐。taken winding (1)circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again是动词-ing形式在句中作状语。
The boy's parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.
那个男孩的父母在一次事故中丧生， 使得他成为孤儿。
The girl was so anxious that she went to school, running all the way.
那个女孩那么着急以致于她一路跑到学校。3．George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.
乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。(2)beat vt.& vi.连续有规律有节奏的敲打；(心脏)跳动；打败
I'd like to see the waves beating the shore.
我很想看海浪拍打着海岸。
She is still alive—her heart is beating.
她还活着——她的心脏还在跳动。
She can beat her younger brother at tennis.
她打网球能赢她弟弟。beat/strike/ hit/tap解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我小时候，我妈妈经常坐在我的床边，给我讲故事一直讲到我睡着。分析结构可知，此处是分词作状语；主语my mother，与tell之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，并且此处是伴随关系，要用doing的一般式作状语。Having been asked telling
选词填空(beat/strike)
③The bird was so excited to see her mother that her wings were _________ like crazy.
解析：句意为“鸟儿看到妈妈很激动以至于拼命地拍着翅膀。”strike常用于打在某人的某一部位；beat“连续有规则地敲打”之意。所以应选beat。beating 4．It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.
我们花了半个多小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。(1)and连接两个并列分句。
第一个分句属于“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
第二个并列分句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句。
①It only takes me thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
我从这儿步行到车站仅需30分钟。
②It was raining when I got up this morning.
我今天早上起床的时候天正在下雨。(2)本句中approach是及物动词，表示“接近，靠近”，approach作“接近，靠近”解时还可用作不及物动词。approach作及物动词时，还可表示“对付，着手处理”。approach亦可作名词，意为“接近，道路，方法”，常与介词to连用。如：
As you approach the town, the first building you see is the church.
当你接近那座城镇时，你首先看到的建筑物就是教堂。
An experienced worker will know how to approach the problem correctly.
一位有经验的工人知道如何正确处理这个问题。
She took the wrong approach in her dealing with them.
她用错误的手段与他们打交道。
(3)本句中hold up意为“举起，支撑”。此外，hold up还可表示“阻碍，延误”。如：
If you know the answer, hold up your hands, please.
如果你知道答案，请举手。
We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam.
交通堵塞耽误了我们五分钟时间。hold back抑制；控制；阻挡，拦阻
hold on坚持住，挺住；(电话)不挂断，等一下to buy It at the approach of hold up hold back 句中that引导的是同位语从句，作evidence的同位语。一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他东西)，对前者作进一步解释，说明它指的是谁，是什么等，叫做同位语。名词作同位语的情况最多。如果作同位语的是一个句子，我们称之为同位语从句。
The fact that he won first prize can't be denied.
他取得第一名的事实不容否认。5．What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
In spite of the fact that he is over sixty, he is still full of spirit.
尽管他已经60多岁了，但仍精力充沛。
Have you heard the news that the new school will be built in the countryside?
你听说过这所新学校将要建在农村的消息吗？温馨提示：
(1)同位语从句常用that引导，与news, fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, thought, doubt, belief, truth, request, proposal, demand等名词连用，构成“the news(fact...)that＋句子”结构。
(2)名词demand, proposal, suggestion等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”或只用动词原形。如：
The suggestion that another bridge (should) be built over Songhua River will be discussed tomorrow.
在松花江上再建造一座桥的建议将在明天的会议上被讨论。
The manager refused the demand that the workers (should) be paid more.
工人要求加薪的请求被经理拒绝了。解析：考查同位语从句。用“that”引导同位语从句，“房价”译成“housing price”。that the housing price will fall
单句语法填空
②(高考真题改编·天津) The manager put forward a suggestion _______ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。that 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件47张PPT。Unit 3Section Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________adj.自信的→___________n．信心
2．_______v．幸存；经历……还活着→________n．幸存→________n．幸存者
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．可能已经做了某事____________________________
2．中靶________________
3．使……一直做……_________________confident confidence survive survival survivor might/may have done sth. hit the target keep...doing Ⅲ.语法感悟
1．________________(defeat) in the match made them sad.
2．Do you still remember______________ (take)abroad?
3．The building ______________(build) there will be a school.
4．I suddenly felt myself ____________(hit) by a heavy fist.
5．Having________________ (translate) into several languages, the book became famous all over the world.
6．That building________________ (repair) is our library.Being defeated being taken being built being hit been translated being repaired 7．__________________(tell) many times, he still couldn't understand what the professor said.
8．I think the dictionary published this year is worthy of______________ (buy)．
9．The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to______________ (show) around our newly built language lab.
10．_______________(watch) by a crowd of people, Shirley felt nervous.Having been told being bought being shown Being watched 合 作 探 究①The teacher wants the students to feel confident about asking questions when they don't understand.
老师要学生遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。
②I'm confident that I can succeed.
我有信心能成功。核 心 词 汇1．confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的be confident of/that对……有把握
confidence n．自信心；把握
have/lose confidence in...对……有/失去信心
with confidence自信地
The doctor could not say with confidence that he would be able to walk again after the accident.
医生不能肯定他经过那场事故后还能行走。having confidence in life with confidence filled me with confidence ①Many birds didn't survive the severe winter here.
这里许多鸟过不了严冬。
②The old woman survived her husband by ten years.
这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。
③Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两个活了下来。2．survive vt.幸存于；经历……还活着；比……活得长
vi.活着；继续存在survivor n．幸存者
survival n．幸存；死里逃生
The old man is the survivor of the air crash which happened in the city.
这位老人是发生在那个城市的飞机坠毁事件的幸存者。解析：句意为“在这样炎热干燥的季节里，这些树要想存活的话，就得浇水。”在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来，be to do表示“想要”之意。
补全句子
②既然你在地震中幸存下来，你应该对未来充满信心。
Since you __________ the earthquake, you should __________________ future.are to survive survived be confident of ①I've set myself a target of saving 20 yuan a month.
我给自己定了一个目标：每月存上20元。
②Guo Degang has become the target for a lot of criticism recently.
郭德纲最近成了众矢之的。
③The enemy's missiles were targeted at our cities.
敌方的导弹瞄准了我们的城市。3．target n．[C]目标；靶；受批评的对象 vt.把……作为批评的对象；面向hit/miss the target中/脱靶
target sth.on/at把……对准
meet/achieve a target达成目标
set a target设定目标
on/off target准确/不准确命中目标
sales target销售目标
moving target移动目标
He aimed at the target, fired but missed it.
他瞄准靶子开火，却未打中。
The advertisement is clearly targeted on the young.
这个广告显然是针对年轻人的。hit the target missed the target can you achieve your target become the target of might/may have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，用于对过去的情况进行推测。此外，might/may have done还可表示“本来可以做某事(而实际上未做)”。如：
Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
玛丽以前可能学了一些汉语。难 点 解 析1．Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead!
谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。needn't have done本不必做某事(而实际上做了)
can't have done不可能做了某事
could have done本可以做某事(而实际上未做)
must have done一定做了某事
ought to/should have done本该做某事(而实际上未做)
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done本不该做某事(而实际上做了)解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：哈里感觉很不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝得太多了。此处是对过去行为的推测，故填must have drunk。must have drunk
②(真题改编·陕西)The children ________________(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
解析：本题考查情态动词。句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。根据下文可知此处是做了很有把握的肯定的推测，故用must；由would have been 可知是过去的事情，要表示对于过去的事情的推测要用情态动词＋have done的形式，故填must have got。must have got 2．They may be many kilometres long with plastic balls to keep them floating on the water, and weights to hold them down on the seabed.
他们或许有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。(1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个介词短语with plastic balls...和(with)weights...作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语to keep...和to hold...作后置定语。(2)句中使用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keep意为“使……处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：
①keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
I was too tired to keep my eyes open.
我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
In our daily life, we must keep ourselves away from danger.
日常生活中，我们必须使自己远离危险。
②keep＋sb./sth.＋介宾短语
You should keep your hands behind your backs.
你们要把手放在背后。
③keep＋sb./sth.＋现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)
I'm sorry.I have kept you waiting outside for so long.
对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
④keep＋sb./sth.＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
少说话，多观察。解析：考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb./sth.＋宾补“使……处于某种状态”。根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词为被动关系，故填amused。him standing outside amused 单 元 语 法Ⅰ.v.-ing形式的构成动词v.-ing形式
Having cleaned the desks, we began reading.
擦完了桌子后，我们便开始看书。
The building being built will be our school library.
正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。
Ⅱ.v.-ing形式的句法功能
(1)作主语
Being punished by the coach made Tom unhappy.
被教练惩罚了使汤姆不高兴。解析：考查非谓语动词。所填词做题干的主语，应用动名词形式，且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式。
②(真题改编·福建)_________(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。Knowing basic first-aid techniques 为动名词短语，在句中充当主语。Understanding Knowing (2)作宾语
①作动词的宾语
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激给我这次出国学习的机会。助记：下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请记住下面口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想像才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
即：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想像，设想); avoid; miss, keep/keep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape。
②作介词的宾语
I look forward to being invited to his wedding.
我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。
解析：考查动名词的用法。recognize认出，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。句意为：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。being recognized
④(真题改编·陕西)It's quite hot today.Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim?
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：今天太热了，你想去游泳吗？feel like doing 想要做某事。going
(3)作定语
The bridge being built will be finished next month.
正在建的大桥下月将竣工。解析：非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，所以填combining。combining
⑥(真题改编·山东)There's a note pinned to the door ________(say) when the shop will open again.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：门上贴着通知说，什么时候这个商店会再开业。此处a note与say之间是逻辑上主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。saying (4)作宾补
I heard this song being sung in English then.
那时，我听到有人在用英语唱这首歌。解析：being performed 句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth.doing 表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以填being performed。being performed (5)作状语
Being hit by a car, he didn't come to school yesterday.
因为被车撞了，他昨天没来上学。解析：考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故填having developed。having developed
⑨(2017·天津14，改编)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，__________(allow) more patients to be treated.
解析：句意：近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备，更多的病人能够得到治疗。前句这个医院得到了新的医疗设备和后面更多的病人能够得到治疗之间是必然的因果关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。equipment与allow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词的一般式。故填allowing。allowing
(6)作表语
The movie 2012 is very interesting.
电影《2012》很有趣。Ⅲ.v.-ing被动形式的否定式是在其前加not
I was upset for not having been invited to the party.
没有被邀请参加聚会，我很难过。解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。本题中know与其主语之间的关系为逻辑主谓关系，not 否定分词时要放于其前面，故填not knowing。Not knowing having been built for two years being laughed at in the public not being promoted 4．We all like the superstar.He is being interviewed.
We all like the superstar __________________.
5．The squirrel was lucky.It was not caught.
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ______________.
6．The question has now been solved.It has been discussed for thousands of years.
The question，___________________________________________，has now been solved.
7．The story has been read many times.The story seems much easier.
_____________________________， the story seems much easier.being interviewed being caught having been discussed for thousands of years Having been read many times 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件76张PPT。Unit 3Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________n．目标；靶；受批评对象
2．_________vi.思考vt.映射；反射；思考
___________n．映射；反射；思考
3．________adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的_________adv.生动地；鲜明地
4．________adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的_________v．使锐利/锋利
5．________adj.好吃的；可口的________n．口味v．尝起来；品尝
6．_________adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
7．__________n．界限；分界线
8．_________adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的target reflect reflection vivid vividly sharp sharpen tasty taste shallow boundary awesome Ⅱ.短语互译
1．处于……的危险中 ______________________
2．被困于 _______________________
3．一条……的禁令 ___________________
4．考虑 _____________
5．be/become aware of ________________________________
6．be shaped like __________
7．upside down ____________
8．get close to ________
9．stop sb.from doing sth. __________________
10．(be) scared to death ____________in danger of...
be trapped/caught in
a ban on...
reflect on
对……知道、明白；意识到……
形状像
上下翻转
靠近
阻止某人做某事
吓得要死 Ⅲ.句型结构
1．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
句式：where...，there be...在……地方有……。
仿写：哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
_________________________________________
2．Write down how they have been used.
句式：……及物动词＋疑问词引导的宾语从句。
仿写：他不知道爸爸怎么去的医院。
________________________________________________________Where there is water，there is life. He didn't know how his father went to the hospital.
Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．In the diary, the author mainly wants to tell us _____.
A．what he saw in the sea
B．how the fish eat in the sea
C．the vivid colours in the sea
D．all the plants in the sea are poisonousA 2．What was hanging upside down in the sea according to the text？_____
A．The orange and white fish.
B．The yellow-spotted red sea-slug.
C．The yellow and green parrotfish.
D．The large wise-looking turtle.
3．When the author saw two _____， he felt scared to death.
A．anemone fish B．parrotfish
C．sea-slugs D．reef sharksC D 4．How many kinds of creatures didn't the author want to get too close to according to the fourth paragraph？_____
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
5．From the whole text we know that the author felt that _____.
A．he was a tiny spot compared with the sea world
B．the ocean was a tiny spot compared with the whole world
C．there was no danger in the sea except sharks
D．all kinds of fish were waiting for something for foodB A
(Ⅱ)课文语法填空
I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and 1.___________ (reflect) on the day.I went 2.____________(snorkel) on the reef offshore and saw extraordinary beauty.reflecting snorkelling The first thing I 3.________(become) aware of was all the vivid colours 4.____________ (surround) me.The fish didn't seem to mind 5.______(I) swimming among them.6.______ seemed that there was a surprise 7._________(wait) for me.A large turtle was so close to me 8._______ I could have touched it.But there were other creatures I didn't want to get too close to.I was nearly 9.________(scare) to death by the sharks which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.The water was quite shallow but 10.________ the reef ended, there was a steep drop.What a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!became surrounding my It waiting that scared where 合 作 探 究①After reflecting for a time on the problem，he decided not to go.
仔细考虑这问题后，他决定不去了。
②The monster's awful face was reflected in the mirror.
怪物可怕的脸映照在镜子中。
③He reflected on his past mistakes.
他反省了过去的错误。
④Technology's impact on the past decade was reflected in the list.
技术对过去十年的影响也在榜单中得到了体现。核 心 词 汇1．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考reflect on/upon思考；反省
reflect sth.from sth.反射
reflection n．反映；影像；思考
I reflected on possible reasons for my failure.
我仔细考虑导致我失败的原因。reflected in reflect on his reflection
单句语法填空
④After___________(reflect)on what happened，I became aware that we didn't find the right target audiences.
⑤The picture has a___________(reflect)in our daily life.reflecting reflection ①The children were aware of the harm of taking drugs.
孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害性。
②Most people are aware of the dangers of drunk-driving.
大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。
③I don't think you're aware of how important this means to me.
我想你还不知道这对我有多重要。2．aware adj.意识到的，知道的be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到
be aware that/wh-clause察觉到；意识到
as far as I'm aware据我所知
develop an awareness of逐渐懂得
lack of awareness缺乏认识
make sb.aware that...提醒某人注意……
make sb.aware of...使某人注意到……wasn't aware of As far as I am aware/As far as I know of Being aware of ①He gave a vivid description of this event as if he were there.
他生动地描述了这个事件，好像他当时在场。
②She was wearing a vivid green dress for the party.
她身穿鲜绿色的连衣裙来参加晚会。3．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的vivid memory/recollection清晰的记忆
a vivid description/account生动描述
a vivid imagination丰富的想象力
vividly adj.生动地；鲜明地
This battle was vividly recorded in the article.
本文生动地记载了这次战役。vividly gave a vivid account of had a vivid imagination ①There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.
床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。
②He moves in a narrow circle of friends.
他生活在狭小的朋友圈子里。
③She was elected by a narrow majority.
她以微弱的多数票当选。
④The river narrows at this point.
河流在这个地方变窄了。
⑤In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.
在明亮的阳光下，她不得不眯起眼睛。4．narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的；勉强的，刚刚好的a narrow escape九死一生
narrowly adv.仅仅，勉强地，严密地
a narrow victory险胜
in a narrow sense在狭义上
narrow majority微弱多数
by a narrow margin相差不多地
narrow down缩小(范围等)
narrow-minded adj.气量小的；小心眼的
He narrowly escaped drowning.
他差一点儿淹死。
Watch that fellow narrowly.
注意看着那家伙。had a narrow escape won a narrow victory narrow the gap ①The knife isn't sharp enough to cut meat.
这把刀不够锋利，切不动肉。
②The old man has sharp eyes.
这位老人有敏锐的眼睛。
③Be careful of the sharp bend in the road.
小心路上的急转弯。5．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的；急剧的sharpen v．(使)变锋利；削尖
sharpener n．削尖用的器具
be sharp at对……灵敏sharp with the sharp rise ①You scared me by coming in so quietly.
你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。
②He scares easily, so he is more a girl than a boy.
他动不动就害怕，因此他更像个女孩。
③You did give me a scare.
你真吓了我一跳。6．scare vt.恐吓使害怕；vi.害怕，使惊吓 n．恐慌，恐惧；惊恐scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死
be scared of doing sth.害怕做某事
be scared to do sth.害怕做某事
scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑
scare sb.into/out off sth.(doing sth.)吓得某人做/不敢做某事
scared adj.惊恐的，恐惧的
scares sb.to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事
scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的温馨提示：scare to death中介词to表示到达某种结果。如：
starve to death饿死
beat sb.to death打死某人
sentence sb.to death判某人死刑
be tired to death累极了
be bored to death烦透了
work oneself to death积劳而死
She tore the letter to pieces.
她把那封信撕得粉碎。
The train slowed to a stop.
火车减速停车。was scared/afraid of was scared/frightened to death is scared to scared scaring scaring ①You're holding the book upside down.
你把书拿颠倒了。
②The house was turned upside down by the burglars.
那屋子被窃贼翻得乱七八糟。
③You've hung that picture upside down!
你把那幅画挂颠倒了！
④In the Spring Festival, Chinese people would like to hang the character fu upside down.
春节期间，中国人喜欢将“福”字倒过来挂。upside down上下翻转，颠倒重 点 短 语turn...upside down把……弄得乱七八糟；把……翻过来
inside out里外颠倒turns the room upside down inside out up and down 难 点 解 析1．I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！本句中with a cold drink in my hand是with复合结构，在此作伴随状语；句中and连接两个并列谓语。with复合结构可在句中作状语和定语，其具体形式如下：
with＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词
with＋n./pron.＋分词
with＋n./pron.＋不定式
with＋n./pron.＋介词短语
with＋n./pron.＋名词
With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
She died with her son yet a baby.
她去世了，儿子还在襁褓中。to do cut spreading following finished bought (1)本句中seem为系动词，表示“好像，似乎，看来”，其后可接形容词、名词、不定式、that引导的从句作表语。如：
Mary seems a very clever girl.
玛丽似乎是一个非常聪明的女孩。
Mr.Smith seemed to be quite happy.
史密斯先生好像十分快乐。
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.
似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。2．The fish didn't seem to mind me swimming among them.
我在这些鱼群中游泳，它们似乎并不在意。(2)本句中mind作及物动词，意为“介意”，尤用于疑问句和否定句中，其后可接动名词(的复合结构)、名词、代词等作宾语，还可接wh-从句和that从句作宾语。如：
I hope you don't mind the noise.
我希望你不介意这响声。
Did she mind not getting the job?
她介意没得到这份工作吗？(1)“Do you mind＋动名词(的复合结构)？”常用来表示客气地提出请求，若用动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用所有格形式，也可用宾格形式。如：
Do you mind(my/me)asking you a few questions?
我请教你几个问题好吗？
(2)回答“Do you mind...？”这类问句时，表示“介意”时，用yes或I'm afraid...；表示“不介意”时，用no/of course not/ certainly not等。如：
—Do you mind my turning off the radio?
——你介意我关掉收音机吗？
—Certainly not.
——当然不介意。
解析：句意为：你看起来好面熟，我好像在什么地方见过你。seem后接不定式作表语，而“见过”所强调的是过去的情况，故用不定式的完成式。to have seen 补全句子
②—Do you mind__________ (I)opening the window?
—No, go ahead.
解析：动名词的复合结构my/me opening...在此作宾语。
③——你介意我在这抽烟吗？
——是的，你最好别抽。
—Do you mind my smoking here?
—__________________.my/me Yes, better not 3．Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.
然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。(1)独立主格结构each about one and a half metres long在此作状语。独立主格结构的常见形式有：
名词/代词＋形容词
名词/代词＋副词
名词/代词＋名词
名词/代词＋介词短语
名词/代词＋分词
名词/代词＋不定式
The old man sat in the sofa, his face serious.
老人坐在沙发上，面容严肃。
He came in, a dictionary in his hand.
他走了进来，手里拿着一本词典。
The thief caught, they felt relieved.
小偷抓住了，他们感到放心了。
(2)from behind是双重介词。双重介词一般由两个介词搭配而成，其常见的构成方式如下：
①from＋其他介词。如：
The moon appeared from behind the clouds.
月亮从云后面露了出来。
A rat ran from under the bed.
一只老鼠从床底下跑了出来。
②except＋其他介词。except后常接at, by, from, in, on, to等介词。如：
Except for the few who have failed their examinations, all the students in the hall are in very high spirits.
大厅里，除了几个考试不及格的学生外，其他学生的情绪极佳。
I searched everywhere except in the bedroom.
除了卧室我到处都找了。
He rarely went anywhere except to his office.
除了办公室他很少去其他地方。
③till/until＋其他介词。till/until后常接介词after。如：
I hardly ever go to bed till after twelve.
我12点以后才睡觉。
Up until last summer we always went to the beach for our vacation.
去年夏天以前，我们总是去海边度假。sent to each wearing from across ④猴子突然从树后出现，露西吓得尖叫起来。
The monkey suddenly emerged _____________the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.
单句语法填空
⑤(真题改编·江苏)Much time________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
解析：句意：上班族们坐在办色桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。from behind spent 4．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
海水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。where she had got off the bus where he wanted it where others are weak
单句语法填空
④(2017·北京26，改编)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________she was heading.
解析：句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易填上where。where 写 作 探 究本单元的写作任务是写一封投诉信。投诉信是人们在现代生活中应用最为广泛的书信形式。现代生活中当人们对商品或服务不满时，我们有权投诉。写投诉信时要客气，但语气要坚定；另外要证明责任确实在商家；最后要明确问题出在哪儿及你的具体要求，还可加上由此而给你带来的不便或伤害，以加强投诉信的说服力。
注意事项
在表达自己的抱怨和不满情绪时要客观说明存在的问题并切中问题的要害，让对方认识到自己“怨之有理”而不是“无事生非”或“无理取闹”。在表达看法时要有礼有节，语气柔和。如何写投诉信常用句型
(1)It is a great pity that we found there's something wrong with...
令人非常遗憾的是我们发现……有问题。
(2)Would you please let me know whether or not you can...as soon as possible?
你们是否可以告知我能不能尽快……
(3)I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.
我希望您能考虑一下我的问题。
(4)I am sure there are technical or man-made errors involved.
我确信出现了技术或人为的错误。(5)I hope you can make an investigation into this matter as soon as possible.
我希望你们能尽快调查此事。
(6)I hope I can get my refund as soon as possible.
我希望能尽快收到退款。
(7)I am writing to make a complaint about...
我写信是为了投诉……
(8)If it is not properly settled，I would ask you to give my money back，or I would complain to the concerned authorities.
如果此事不能妥善解决，我将要求退还支付款项，或者向有关部门投诉。(9)One annoying aspect of your service is...
你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地方是……
(10)I have been pleased with your services for years, but now I feel very disappointed.
多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但现在我非常失望。
(11) I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault...
我想让您知道这个问题/错误……(12)I am writing to inform you that I found...unsatisfactory.
我写信是为了告诉你，我发现……令人非常不满意。
(13)I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about...
我想表达我对……的不满/失望。
(14)It would be highly appreciated if you could...
如果你能……我将万分感谢。
(15)I trust you will take my complaints seriously and...
我相信你会认真对待我的投诉，并且……话题导入
假设你是王华，半个月前在超市买了一台录音机，现在出了故障。有一个键不能回复到原位。有时候不能倒磁带。左音响没有声音。你现在给超市经理写信说明情况，要求换一台新的录音机。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________参考范文
Dear manager，
I'm sorry to disturb you.
Half a month ago, I bought a recorder from your shop.But it doesn't work now.There is a key which can't return to where it was.Sometimes it can't return the tape, and the left speaker doesn't work at all.
I want it to be changed for a new one.
I'm waiting for your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Wang Hua
[写作词汇热身]
1．打扰_________
2．它出故障了____________________
3．更换________
4．答复________disturb It doesn't work change reply
[写作表达练习]
1．很抱歉打扰你。
_______________________________
2．有一个键不能回复到原位。
__________________________________________________________
3．我想更换一台新的机器。
______________________________________________
I'm sorry to disturb you. There is a key which can't return to where it was. I want it to be changed for a new one.
[名师点评]
1．本文开门见山，直截了当，点明了自己的不满及为什么不满。最后提出自己希望的解决方法。内容明确、清楚、有理，语气简洁、坚决。
2．句式比较灵活，时态运用准确。这样一封投诉信，很可能达到预期目的，是一篇不错的文章。巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件15张PPT。Unit 3 Under the sea学习目标展示背景知识链接In October on the east coast of Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore.With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay.It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon.When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes.but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting.As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails.Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or“footprint”on the surface to show where they had been.
One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted.There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new, highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing.As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices.What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales.It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds.No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.
It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.
文章大意：本文描述了对鲸鱼的新发现，即它们能发出美妙的歌声，而且声音也不固定。
1．Which finding about whales is beyond the writer's expectation？_____
A．The little puffs. B．The songs of whales.
C．The traveling speed of whales. D．The depth of the whale's dive.
解析：细节理解题。发现鲸鱼美妙的歌声是作者的意外收获。由倒数第三段“...the result was astonishing”可得出。B 2．What do we know about Max？_____
A．He likes whales very much.
B．He is a brave scientist on whales.
C．He is an experienced man in finding whales.
D．He is an expert in making hydrophones.
解析：判断归纳题。关于马克斯文中提到了两点，一是他在寻找鲸鱼方面很有经验，二是他制造了一种水中听音器，但文中并未明确表明他是制造听音器的专家。由首段“...with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place...”得出C项正确。C
3．The writer's main purpose of looking for whales is _____.
A．carrying out research on whales
B．studying the beautiful songs of whales
C．making films about whales
D．hunting whales for research
解析：细节理解题。由首段“...we went to film them...”得出。C 4．What's the WRONG opinion about whales before according to the passage？_____
A．Each group of humpbacks had the song of their own.
B．Whales can't sing to each other.
C．Whales aren't easy to find.
D．Whales can't dive in the sea as long as forty minutes.
解析：细节理解题。原先人们认为， 每一群座头鲸都有自己相对固定的歌，但这次的发现证明这种观点是错误的。由最后一段得出。 A 课件115张PPT。Unit 4Section Ⅰ Warming-up；Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习fortnight roof concept relevant remote weed platform broom otherwise privilege (Ⅱ)形意记忆
1．nud(n.)泥；泥泞→________(adj.)泥泞的；泥土般的
2．week(n.)周，星期→________(adj.& adv.)每周(的)
3．rectangle(n.)矩形；长方形→____________(adj.)长方形的；矩形的
4．adjust(vi.& vt.)调整；(使)适合→___________(n.)调整； 适应
5．participate(vi.)参与；参加→_____________(n.)参加→____________(n.)参加者，参与者
6．arrangement(n.)安排；排列→_________(v.)安排；排列muddy weekly rectangular adjustment participation participant arrange Ⅱ.短语互译
1．确切地，肯定 ___________
2．不久前的一天 ________________
3．产生影响 ___________________
4．与某人握手 _________________________
5．颠倒地 _____________
6．(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透 __________
7．(指河流、井等)干涸 __________for sure
the other day
make a difference
shake hands with sb.
upside down
dry out
dry up
8．hear from ________________
9．(be) bying to ______________
10．adapt to ________
11．come across ____________
12．to be honest __________
接到……的信
极想；渴望
适应
偶然遇到
说实话 Ⅲ.句型结构
1．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when...the mixture was bubbling over everywhere.
句式：was/were doing...when...，when连接并列句，意思是：……正在干……，这时……。
仿写：我正在做作业，这时老师进来了。
______________________________________________________I was doing my homework when the teacher came in. 2．To be honest，I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
句式：doubt whether引导的宾语从句，意思是：怀疑……是否……。
仿写：我怀疑我们能不能实验成功。
__________________________________________________________
3．Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombes.
句式：seem to do/be...句型，意思是：……好像是/做……
仿写：他好像是工人身份。
____________________________________I doubt whether we can succeed in doing the experiment. He seems to work as a worker. Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What's the main idea of the letter？_____
A．Jo told Rosemary what she had done and seen in Papua New Guinea.
B．Jo advised us to come to Papua New Guinea.
C．Jo encouraged her friend to live in Papua New Guinea.
D．Jo introduced the local people's battle against their enemies.A 2．In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they _____.
A．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B．couldn't stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C．didn't like doing chemistry experiments
D．knew chemistry was not relevant to them
3．Why does Jo wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids？_____
A．Because she thinks chemistry is too difficult to learn.
B．Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference to the kids' lives.
C．Because the kids there hardly come across anything of chemistry.
D．Because she thinks chemistry is useless.A B 4．According to the passage，it is NOT true that _____.
A．many of the students have to walk a long way to go to school
B．Jo had visited Tombe's family several times before the letter
C．there is no electricity or water and even no textbooks in the school
D．Tombe lives in a poor but complete family
5．How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe's family？_____
A．Upset. B．Worried.
C．Happy. D．Sad.B C (Ⅱ)根据课文内容，依据语法规则完成短文
Jo works at a bush school 1.________ classrooms are made of bamboo and grass.There's no electricity or water and even no textbooks either.2.______ takes many of the students about two hours 3.__________(get) to school.Jo hopes to make some 4._________(different) to the children's lives by teaching them.The other day，Jo and Jenny visited Tombe's home.When they arrived 5.______the village，Tombe's mother who 6.__________________(work) in the garden，started 7.________(cry) “ieee ieee”．Tombe's father led them to his house，a low bamboo hut with grass 8.__________(stick)out of the roof，where Jo could only see one broom，a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.whose It to get difference at had been working crying sticking That night Jo and Jenny slept on a 9.________(new) made platform.They left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and handshakes.Jo felt it was such a privilege 10._________________(spend) a day with Tombe's family.newly to have spent 合 作 探 究①His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.
他的国籍与他是否是一位好律师无关。
②What you say is not relevant to the matter in hand.
你所说的与目前这件事无关。核 心 词 汇1．relevant adj.有关的；切题的；有实际价值的be relevant to与……有关
be related to与……有关
be concerned with与……有关
be involved in与……有关
be associated with与……有关
relevance n．关联，贴切，中肯
relevantly adv.有关地；切题地
irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的
be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关解析：句意：作文的话题应该与学生的经历和兴趣有关。根据句意和结构可知应填名词relevance，意为“关联，有关”。is relevant to relevance
③This situation requires our education system to produce graduates with__________ (relevance)knowledge and proper attitude.
解析：句意：这种形势要求我们的教育体制培养出有相关专业知识和正确态度的毕业生。relevant意为“相关的”，修饰knowledge，符合句意。relevant ①It all seemed remote but gradually the improvements have been seen here.
这一切似乎很遥远，但这里的工作已逐渐得已改进。
②The volunteer teaches in one of the most remote areas of the world.
这位志愿者在世界上最偏僻的一个地区教书。2．remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的remotely adv.遥远地；关系远地
remoteness n．遥远
remote control遥控(器)
be remote from离……远；与……相差很大
The old man lives in a house remote from any town or village.
那位老人住在一所远离村镇的房子里。
Much new knowledge is remote from the immediate interests of the ordinary person.
许多新知识与普通人目前的利益关系甚远。remote/far/distantMail comes to this remote village only once a week.
邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。
The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe.
我们很难观察月亮远的一面。
He is a distant cousin of mine.
他是我的一位远房表亲。他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。 Your comments are rather remote from the subject we are discussing. ①She adjusted the seat to the height of her son.
她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。
②He tried to adjust his daily schedule to leave time for everything.
他设法调整日常时间表，以便能有时间顾及所有的事。3．adjust v．调整；(使)适合adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适合
adust to sth./doing sth.适应于……
adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的
adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment作出调整
He soon adjusted himself to the army life.
他很快就适应了军旅生活。adapt/adjustYou should adjust your watch.It's five minutes slow.
你应该调准你的手表，它慢五分钟。
I believe that a good hotel must adapt itself to changing times.
我认为一个好的宾馆必须适应潮流。adjusted himself to be adjusted to make adjustments to adjustable adjust adjustment ①He laid the book on the bookshelf a moment ago.
他刚才把这本书放在了书架上。
②He laid the new carpet on the floor yesterday.
昨天他把新地毯铺在了地板上。4．lay vt.放置；铺设 vt.下(蛋)；产卵温馨提示：lie(躺)；lie(撒谎)；lay的区别如下表：记忆要决：
有规则的撒撒谎，(作“撒谎”讲时，变化符合规则)
不规则的放和躺，(作“放”和“躺”讲时，变化不符合规则)
现在放乃过去躺，(作“放”讲时的现在式即原形和作“躺”讲时的过去式是同一词)
放与撒谎变同样，(作“放”和“撒谎”讲时，变化特点一样如：lied，lied，laid，laid。而作“躺，位于”讲时则不同)解析：句意为：在那个角落里有一张油画，它在那儿好几天了。第一空作定语修饰painting。可用两种形式：一是lying，是lie的现在分词，表示状态；二是laid，是lay(放置)的过去分词，与painting是被动关系。第二空只能填had lain，lain是lie表示“躺，位于”时的过去分词，没有被动形式。lying had lain ①He often participates in activities after class.
他经常参加课外活动。
②I participate in your suffering and joy.
我跟你同甘共苦。
温馨提示：participate通常与in连用5．participate vi.参加，参与participate with sb.in sth.与某人分担……
participate in sth.＝take part in参加
participate in sth.with sb.同某人参与某事
participant n．参加者；共享者
participation n．参与；分担；共享participate in/attend/join/take part in/join in解析：句意：参加者努力设定一个未来戒烟的日期。考查名词。根据句意和结构，应填名词形式，participant为名词，意为“参与者，参加者”，根据主谓一致原则可知主语应为复数形式。Participants ②The students_____________(participate)actively in school activities are more likely to be outgoing persons.
解析：句意：积极参加学校活动的学生更有可能是开朗的人。考查动词。根据句子结构，可知此处是现在分词修饰students，表示主动关系。
③The poor officer was left with_____fast decision to make.He had suddenly been transformed from an observer to a____________(participate)．
解析：句意：这个可怜的官员被留下来做出快速的决定。他突然之间从一个观察者变成一个参与者。考查冠词和名词。第一空make a decision做出决定；第二空不定冠词a后加名词，根据句意填participant。participating a participant
④At the class meeting，our teacher urged that we participate______the campus cultural construction activity with him.
解析：句意：在班会上，我们的老师督促我们和他一起参加校园文化建设活动。考查固定搭配。participate in参加。in ①The collection is a good draw that brings visitors who might not come otherwise.
收藏很吸引人，不然就没这么多人来参观了。
②He says it's genuine，but we think otherwise.
他说这是真理，但我们不这样认为。
③The soup was cold，but it was otherwise an excellent meal.
除了汤是凉的以外，那顿饭菜是很好的。6．otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面；除此以外
温馨提示：otherwise常用在虚拟语气中，替代非真实条件句；另外“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型也是高考的重点。如：
We were delayed at the airport.Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time.
我们在机场被耽搁了，不然的话我们午饭时就到了。解析：句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done。would have telephoned would be working wouldn't have been
完成句子
④Up to now，the program has saved thousands of children _________________________.
迄今为止，这个项目已拯救了成千上万个本来会死亡的孩子。
⑤He is a little self-conceited，but he__________________________________.
他虽有点自负，但从其他方面来看这个工作倒是挺合适的。who would otherwise died he is otherwise quite suitable for the post Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
教育应是全民的权利而非部分人享有的特权。7．privilege n．特权；特别优待 vt.给予……的优惠/特权privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的
It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。
have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有特权做某事
I hope to have the privilege to work with you.
我希望有幸与你合作。
These policies privilege the children of wealthy parents.
这些政策特别优待富家子弟。解析：句意：一些人认为出国学习是一种荣幸，但是如果你去了却不能照顾自己就没有意义了。考查冠词。根据句意，用不定冠词，表示泛指。
②Only members have the privilege______using the sports facilities.
解析：句意：只有会员有权使用这些运动设施。考查固定搭配。have the privilege of(doing)sth./to do sth.有……的特权。a of ①The secretary has made the arrangement of the time and place for the meeting.
秘书为这次会议时间和地点做好了安排。
②We have finished all the arrangements for the party.
我们已经完成晚会的所有安排工作。8．arrangement n．安排；排列come to an arrangement谈妥；达成协议
make arrangement for为……做好准备；为……做好安排
make arrangement with sb.与(某人)商定或约好，(和某人)达成协议；做好准备；做出安排
arrange v．安排，排列，协商
arrange(for sb./sth.)to do sth.安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb.to do sth.和某人商定做某事making arrangements for came to an arrangement made arrangements for I look forward to hearing from her.
我盼望着收到她的信。重 点 短 语1．hear from接到……的信hear about/of听说；听到；听到说起
hear that...听人说起……
hear sb.do sth.听到某人做了某事
hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事
I've never heard of anyone doing a thing like that.
我从来没听说有人会做这种事。
We often hear the couple quarrel.And this morning when I was passing by，I heard them quarreling again.
我们经常听到这对夫妇吵架，今天早上我路过时又再次听到他们吵架的声音。
温馨提示：hear from后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接某人的信(letter)作宾语。“收到某人的信”可用get a letter from sb.来表示。to hear from to receive a letter from hear that
③I have never__________________such a story.
我从未听说过这样的故事。
④我听说她病了。(一句多译)
I____________she is ill.
I_________________her illness.heard of/about hear that hear of/about ①I'm dying to chat with you online again.
我极想和你再次在网上聊天。
②The students are dying to know the result of the exam.
学生们正渴望知道考试结果。2．(be)dying to do极想；渴望be dying for/to do sth.极想/渴望(做)某事；迫切想要(做)某事
“渴望”的多种表达法：
be dying to do sth.渴望做某事
be dying for sth.渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事
be anxious for sth.渴望得到某物long to do sth.渴望做某事
long for sth.渴望得到某物
desire to do sth.渴望做某事
have a strong desire for sth.渴望得到某物
She was dying/eager/thirsty for a holiday to relax herself.
她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。
Out of curiosity，I'm eager to know the truth.
出于好奇，我渴望知道事情真相。am dying to hear from am dying for was dying to set aside to congratulate for I saw Tom at the bank the other day.
几天前我在银行见到过汤姆。3．the other day不久前的一天day by day一天天地，强调变化
day after day日复一日，强调重复
by day白天里
One day I met a friend of mine in the street.He told me he would come to see me another day.So I have been expecting him day after day.
一天我在街上遇到了我的一个朋友，他告诉我改天再来看我。因此我就每天盼着他来。the other day/one day/some day/another dayOne day day by day day after day another day I came across an American on the way home，whose words did not really come across.
我在回家的路上偶然遇见一个美国人，但他的话我没能真正理解。4．come across偶然遇见；被理解come about产生；发生
come out出版；出来；开花(无被动)
come to达到
come into being产生；形成
how come怎么会
I don't know how the differences came about.
我不知道这种差异是如何产生的。
If she spent five years in Paris，how come she can't speak a word of French?
她如果在巴黎待了五年，怎么一句法语都不会说呢？came across coming out come about How come Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.
你们的支持对我们的事业肯定是有影响的。5．make a difference产生差别，有影响，起重要作用make no/a little/much/some difference没有/有一点/有很大/有一些差别
make a difference between区分……
tell the difference between分辨……的差别
The rain didn't make much difference to the game.
这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
不管他去或是不去，对我都没有影响。
Does it make any difference which side will win?
哪边赢有关系吗？
温馨提示：注意difference前常用a，some，little，much，no，any等修饰。make much difference makes no difference
单句语法填空
③(真题改编·天津)See，your computer has broken down again! It doesn't_______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
解析：句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。make ①We waited for our wet clothes to dry out.
我们等着我们的湿衣服晾干。
②Don't leave the vegetable on the table，or it will dry out.
不要把蔬菜放在桌子上，否则它会变干的。6．dry out(使浸水等之物)完全变干，干透dry up(河流、井等)干涸
dry off(使)变干
The pond dried up in the summer.
那个池塘在夏天干涸了。
The swimmer dried off in the hot sun.
游泳的人在烈日下晒干身体。dry out/dry updries up stop it from drying out dried up dry out (1)本句是一个简单句，破折号后面的内容起解释说明作用。roofs与of grass之间省略了are made。难 点 解 析1．Well，it's a bush school—the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.
它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。(2)句中的be made of意为“由……制成”(能够直接看出原材料)。如：
The table is made of wood.
这桌子是用木头做的。
The overcoat is made of leather.
这件大衣是用皮革做的。(1)be made from由……制成(无法看出原材料)。如：
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的。
(2)be made in表示“在……地方制造”。如：
He bought his wife a skirt in America，but when he got home，he found that it was made in China.
他在美国给妻子买了条裙子，但回家后他发现裙子是在中国制造的。(3)be made into是make...into的被动形式，表示“被制成……”。如：
We're making our attic into an extra bedroom.
我们正在把阁楼改装成一间额外的卧室。
(4)be made up of由……组成，相当于consist of。如：
The medical team is made up of ten doctors.
这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。
(5)be made by由……制作(by后接制造者)
(6)be made out of由……制成；用……改制而成解析：句意：现今木制家具比其他材料的家具贵。过去分词短语made of...在此作后置定语。He made the wood into a boat quickly. The Great Wall is made of stones and bricks. made 2．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒泡了！(1)when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。before I knew it是时间状语。本句为“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时”句式，意为“正在做……就在这时……”；when为并列连词，意为“正在这时”。
①I was doing my homework when my mother came back home.
当妈妈回家的时候我正在写作业。
②The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。be about to do...when...(某人)正要做……这时(突然)…… 如：
I was about to go out when Tom came in.
我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。
(2)本句中before用作连词，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及……就”。如：
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
不要高兴得过早。(如意算盘别打得太早。)
Before she could move，she heard a great noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before I could say a word，she had stormed out of the room.
不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
before还可以用于：
①It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。如：
It will be five years before I come back.
我五年后才能回来。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.
不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。
②如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久……就”。如：
It won't be long before they understand each other.
他们不久就会互相了解的。
③“趁……(还没有)”之意。如：
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
Do it before you forget it.
趁早动手，以免忘了。I was about to leave when my old friend came. We had hardly driven 10 miles when it began to snow heavily. 单句语法填空
③(真题改编·北京)Jack _____________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.
解析：考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故填was working。
④The girl had hardly rung the bell________the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
解析：考查连词。根据“had hardly rung the bell”和“the door was opened”的发生先后，可以得出答案。句意为：女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。was working before 3．Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.
有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生们究竟有多大的用处，他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。本句是一个复合句，wonder后跟的是how引导的宾语从句。most of whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰students，most of whom是“名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”结构，在语意上相当于most of them。如：
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
最近我买了一个古老的中国花瓶，它的价格很合理。
She has two sons，both of whom are serving in the army.
她有两个儿子，都在部队服役。
There're sixty students in my class,80% of whom are from the mountain villages.
我的班里有60位学生，80%来自山村。how important some of whom neither of whom is get to＋喜好/认识，表示渐变的过程。如：
①I got to realize how important the happy life was as I grew older.
随着年龄的增长，我逐渐意识到幸福生活的重要性。
②I got to like the flat we were going to move in.
我逐渐地喜欢上我们即将搬进去的公寓。
③He got to know why his granny kept the photo so carefully.
他渐渐地知道了他奶奶那么小心地保存这张相片的原因。4．You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people.
你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。Sally got to realize what her mother did for her. did在句中起强调作用，表示“的确；确实”。英语中，如果需要强调谓语，常用助动词do，does或did置于谓语动词之前，此时谓语动词要用原形。“do/does/did＋动词原形”这种强调句中只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。注意在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。如：5．But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.
不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。Do be careful！千万要小心！
Do come on Sunday.务必星期天来。
I do hope you have a merry Christmas!
衷心祝福你圣诞快乐！
He does speak English well.
他英语说得确实很好。
They did go to see you yesterday，but failed to meet you.
他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。did come Do 6．We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时到那儿。先爬到山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景，然后下了一个陡坡到了下面的山谷。(2)句中的from where we had fantastic views为定语从句，引导词为from where，为“介词＋关系副词”结构，相当于from the place where。此结构中的where根据情况可换为when。该结构中的介词可用from，to，since等。
①I have bought that house，from where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.
我买下了那栋房子，从房子那可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。
②Our family came to Shenzhen and settled in 1985，since when we have lived there.
我们家1985年来到深圳定居，从此我们一直住在那儿。from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。which where when (1)When hot是承前省略，完整的句子应是：
When the stones were hot...。7．When hot，he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato)，corn and greens.
待(石块)烧热之后，他把它们连同考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜一起放进一个空的油桶中。(2)状语从句的省略原则：
一般情况下，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且有系动词be时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。
①When (she was) very young，she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小的时候，就开始学习弹钢琴。
②If (it is) true，this will cause us a lot of trouble.
如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。状语从句省略口诀
省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以；
从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的；
从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑；
选择-ed或-ing，主动被动变仔细。annoyed treated left accepted 句中的even though引导一个让步状语从句。主句为前面的I loved listening to...，其中动名词短语listening to...作宾语，后面的现在分词短语talking to each other作宾语补足语。8．I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.
他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈，我很喜欢听他们的谈话，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。提示：even though(if)引导的让步状语从句，其主从句谓语可以用陈述语气说明事实或可能成为事实，也可以用虚拟语气说明与事实相反情况或不可能成为事实的情况。如：
Even though Bruce gets accepted to Harvard，his family isn't able to afford the expensive tuition.
即使布鲁斯被哈佛大学录取，他家也付不起那昂贵的学费。
Even though the poisoned man had been treated in the hospital，he wouldn't have been saved.
即使那个中毒的人在医院得到治疗，他也不会被救活。解析：本题考查连词的用法。even if/though即使。
汉译英
②尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
_____________________________________________________________if/though I like her，even though/if she may be annoying at times. 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件42张PPT。Unit 4Section Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习
Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________n．烤面包片；干杯→________v．烤(面包等)；敬酒
2．__________v．完成→___________adv.完全地
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．要是……，会怎样？___________________
2．找到，发现___________toast toast complete completely What if...？ find out Ⅲ.语法感悟
填入适当的关系词
1．There are many storybooks here，and Robinson Crusoe is the best one_______I've ever read.
2．The boy didn't pass the English exam，________made his parents angry.
3．I searched all the town for the same necklace______you are wearing now，but could not find any.
4．My English tutor，Mr Black，_______I admire，will return home soon.
5．He is such a good singer______is loved by everyone.that which as whom as
6．Who are the persons_______got onto the moon in 1969?
7．The two countries are neighbours________friendship will last forever.
8．This is the jeep________I drove in across a large desert.
9．He stood at the top of the mountain，from________he could have a very beautiful sight of the surrounding area.
10．Taiwan belongs to China，____________is known to all.that whose which which as/which 合 作 探 究①Please toast the bread please.
请把面包烤一下。
②The wedding guests toasted the bride and bridegroom.
婚礼客人向新娘和新郎敬酒。
③He is eating a piece of toast.
他在吃烤面包。
④Let's drink a toast to the newly elected chairman!
让我们为新当选的主席干杯！核 心 词 汇toast vt.烤(面包等)；敬酒 n．烤面包片；吐司面包；干杯toast sb./sth.为……干杯
two slices of toast两片烤面包
drink a toast to sb./sth.为某人/某事干杯two slices of toast drank a toast to toasted duck (1)What if如果……怎么办？(尤指令人不快的事情或情况的发生)
What if no one helps him out during my absence?
在我不在期间，如果没人帮他摆脱困境怎么办？
What if the rivers dry up?
如果河流干涸了怎么办？She see him again but what if he didn't want to see her?
她又看到他，但是，如果他不想见她怎么办？难 点 解 析
(2)What if如果……怎么样？(用于表示提出有益的建议)
What if I lend you the money？Wouldn't that make everything a lot simpler?
我借钱给你怎么样？这样所有的事情不就简单多了吗？What if What if we fail to arrive there in time 单 元 语 法Ⅰ.概念
1．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词，叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：
①连接定语从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
4．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。复习定语从句Ⅱ.关系代词的基本用法
1．that的用法
that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
She is the girl(that)you want to know.(作宾语，指人)
她是你想认识的女孩。
Do you like the book(that)you borrowed yesterday？(作宾语，指物)
你喜欢你昨天借的那本书吗？
This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语，指物)
这是制造小汽车的工厂。解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that或which。
②(真题改编·陕西)Please send us all the information _____________ you have about the candidate for the position.that/which that/which 2．which的用法
which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
A chemist's shop is a shop which sells medicine.(which作主语)
药店是卖药的商店。
The building which they are building will be finished next month.(作宾语)
他们正在建的大楼下月将完成。解析：考查定语从句。句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词＋介词＋关系代词which引导。故填which。which 3．who的用法
who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
The man who is talking to our teacher is Tom's brother.(作主语)
正同我们老师谈话的人是汤姆的兄弟。解析：考查定语从句引导词。句意：快乐与成功会伴随那些对自己的能力有很多认识的人们。先行词those指人，定语从句又缺少主语，所以用who。who
4．whom的用法
whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。
The lady whom you are looking for is in the office.(作宾语)
你在找的女士在办公室里。解析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。whom 5．whose的用法
whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。
This is the scientist whose name is known to all over the world.(指人)
这就是那位世界闻名的科学家。
She lives in a house whose window faces the sea.(指物)
她住在一座窗户面向大海的房子里。解析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故填whose。
⑦(2017·天津9，改编)My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
解析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句， 先行词是My eldest son，根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，whose修饰名词作定语。whose whose
6．as的用法
as既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...，as...as...等句型中，as不能省略。
I want to have such a computer as he has.(as作宾语)
我想有一台和他一样的电脑。
I'll buy the same dictionary as you have.(作宾语，指物)
我打算买一本和你的一样的词典。Ⅲ.关系副词的基本用法
关系副词when，why，where在定语从句中分别作时间、原因、地点状语，且可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。
I'll never forget the time when we worked together on the farm.(when指时间)
我将永远不会忘记我们一起在农场工作的日子。
Sanya is the place where she was born.(where指地点)
三亚是她出生的地方。
I don't know the reason why he was refused.(why指原因)
我不知道他被拒绝的原因。解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为activities(活动)，且从句中缺少作状语的引导词，故填where。句意为：学生们应该参加社区服务活动，在这些活动中他们能够获得成长的经历。
⑨(真题改编·湖南)I am looking forward to the day _______my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
解析：考查定语从句。先行词是day，关系词在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词when。where when ⑩(真题改编·浙江)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我直到五年级才成为一个严肃的攀爬者，那时我去救一个挂在树上的风筝。分析结构可知，此处考查的是定语从句的引导词，先行词fifth grade为表示时间的名词，后面从句缺少状语，用when引导。
?(真题改编·天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere________his employees enjoy their work.
解析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。when where
? (真题改编·浙江)Creating an atmosphere________employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
解析：句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere“在氛围中”是一个固定搭配。此处填where。where Ⅳ.由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
此结构中的关系代词主要是which和whom，即“介词＋which/whom”，先行词为人时用“whom”，先行词为物时用which。
Here are the questions，some of which I thought difficult.
就是这些问题，我认为其中一些很难。
He has two sons，both of whom are teachers.
他有两个儿子，都是老师。解析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，先行词为the fundamental skill，故填which。which
[点津]
the＋n.＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋n.＝whose＋n.
I bought a car yesterday the color of which is white.
＝I bought a car yesterday of which the color is white.
＝I bought a car yesterday whose color is white.
昨天我买了一辆白色的小汽车。Ⅴ.关系代词的特别用法解析：考查定语从句。句意：在水手们不得不面对的危险当中，可能最大的危险就是雾。many dangers为先行词，在后面定语从句中作face的宾语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。which/that Ⅵ.定语从句常见错误
1．缺先行词
Is this school that you visited last year?
(该句缺先行词，应在“school”后面加上“the one”)
2．缺引导词
Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
(应在“Children”后面加上“who”，关系代词作主语时不能省略)
3．成分重复
This is the village that I lived in it years ago.
(that和it句子成分重复，应去掉“it”)4．谓语单复数确定不当
He is the only one of the students who know French.
(先行词为the only one，定语从句的谓语动词know应为单数knows)
Mr Black，who are at the gate，is waiting for you.
(先行词为Mr Black，who指Mr Black，谓语动词用单数is)
5．关系代词省略不当
This is the girl from I learned the news.
(在有介词提前的定语从句中不能省略关系代词，from后面应加上whom)that that/who/whom that that that whom that/which 8．Jo was happy to receive Rosemary's letter_________took a fortnight to arrive.
9．Jo included some photos _______ would help Rosemary picture the places about ________ she talked.
10．The poor children study in the classrooms________roofs are made of grass.
11．The frightened boys______had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.
12．We walked up a mountain to a ridge from________we had fantastic views.
13．The only possessions_______Jo could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.
14．The film brought the hours back to me_______I was taken good care of in that remote village.which/that that which whose who where that when 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件63张PPT。Unit 4Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________n．宇航员；太空人→___________n．天文学家
→____________adj.天文学的；天文的→__________n．天文学
2．________vt.捐献→__________n．捐赠→_________n．捐赠者
3．__________adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→__________n．志愿者；义工
4．__________vt.& n．买；购买
5．_______n．种子；萌芽→__________n．秧苗；树苗→__________adj.无籽的；无核的
6．______vi.(用针线)缝 vt.缝制；缝合→________n．缝纫
7．________n．裁缝 vt.剪裁；缝制(衣服)astronaut astronomer astronomical astronomy donate donation donator voluntary volunteer purchase seed seedling seedless sew sewing tailor 8．__________adj.政治的；政党的→__________n．政治；政治事务→___________n．政治家；从政者→____________adv.政治上
9．___________vt.分配；分发→____________n．分配；分布→____________adj.经销的；分销的→____________n．经销商；分销商
10．_________n．安全；保护；保障→________adj.安全的→_______v．保护；系住
11．_________vi.工作；运转；做手术vt.操作→__________n．操作，运转，经营；手术→__________n．接线员；操作员
12．________n．门诊部；小诊所→__________adj.临床的；临床诊断的political politics politician politically distribute distribution distributive distributor security secure secure operate operation operator clinic clinical Ⅱ.短语互译
1．not...but...____________________
2．make contributions/a contribution to...__________________
3．在困难中___________
4．缝纫机_______________
5．挨饿____________
6．照料，照顾___________
7．把……加入到……____________________不是……而是…… 对……作出贡献 in need sewing machine go hungry care for add...to... Ⅲ.句型结构
1．She was dying to see him again but what if he didn't want to see her?
句式：what if＝what would happen if要是……会怎么样呢？
仿写：火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？
________________________________
2．...for children who would otherwise have no opportunity to attend school.
句式：would otherwise do...虚拟句型，“否则会……”。
仿写：他很穷，否则他会帮助你的。
____________________________________________What if the train is late？ He is poor.He would otherwise help you. Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．The gifts you give are _____.
A．something your loved one keeps
B．some beautiful cards
C．something really needed by the poor people
D．some lovely toys and fashionable clothesC 2．In the Internet Page，a card will be given to you when you _____.
A．purchase something in a shop
B．ask for it from poor children
C．buy something from the catalogue for someone in need
D．come to India
3．When you want to give child vaccinations against 6 killer diseases，you must send _____.
A．$50 B．$20
C．$8 D．$85C B
4．How much are the cheapest gifts？_____
A．$8. B．$10.
C．$15. D．$5.
5．You can use the cards for the following occasions EXCEPT _____.
A．anniversaries B．birthdays
C．burials D．weddingsD C (Ⅱ)课文语法填空
If you would like to 1.________ an unusual gift，this is the 2.__________for you.The gift you give is a 3.__________contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
There are many things in the catalogue，like tree seedlings，a 4.________ machine, and village5._________.Choose 6._______this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world's poorest and bring hope for 7._____better future to a community 8.___________.
When you 9.__________an item，we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.You can use the cards for any special occasion—weddings，births，birthdays，Christmas or 10._____________，etc.donate catalogue voluntary sewing tractor from a in need purchase anniversaries 合 作 探 究①The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital.
这个商人捐给医院很多钱。
②She donated her books to the library.
她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。核 心 词 汇1．donate vt.捐赠donate sth.to sb./sth.向某人/事捐献某物
donation n．捐献，捐赠；捐款
give/make/present a donation to...捐赠给……
send a donation to...把捐款寄至……
donator n．捐赠者，赠送者
contribute sth.to...向……捐献某物to donation donate his eyes to She is a voluntary helper.
她是自愿帮忙的。2．voluntary adj.自愿的，志愿的，无偿的be voluntary to do sth.自愿做……
volunteer n．志愿者 v．自愿；志愿做
voluntarily adv.自愿地
The doctor was voluntary to settle down in the poor village.
这位医生自愿在这个穷村安家落户。解析：句意：他把一生都花在了志愿帮助有困难的人上。考查非谓语动词。根据spend可知应填volunteering，spend...doing...花时间或金钱做某事。
②She does a lot of__________(volunteer)work for the Red Cross.
解析：句意：她为红十字会做了大量的志愿工作。考查形容词。根据句意和结构可知，应填形容词voluntary修饰work。 volunteering voluntary
③__________(volunteer)or，if you can，contribute a little money to a cause.Whatever you do，don't be a bystander.Get involved.
解析：句意：做个志愿者，如果可以的话，也可以为这项事业捐出一点钱。不管你做什么，不要做一个旁观者，要参与进去。考查动词。分析句子结构可知，应填动词原形，构成祈使句结构，与contribute并列。Volunteer ①I have some purchases to make in town.
我要去城里买些东西。
②They began to regret the purchase of such a large house.
他们开始后悔买了这么大的一所房子。3．purchase vt.& n．买；购买make a purchase买东西
purchase sth.from sb.向某人购买某物
purchasing power购买力
purchase and sale买卖
purchase price买价
make a purchase采购
on special purchase特价购买
purchase sth.(from sb.)(向某人)购买某物
purchasing n．购买，采购
purchaser n．购买人，采购人员，买主
提示：purchase可作动词，指“购买，努力取得，换得”；也可作名词，指“购买；购得物”。purchase比buy正式。解析：句意：出示你的会员卡，你会得到商品打折优惠，这能省钱。考查名词。purchases所购物。purchases ②Last month，our company__________(purchase)the land for 10 million yuan to build a big mall.It was really a good buy.
解析：句意：上个月我们公司花1000万元买了这块地建了一座商场。真的是合算的买卖。考查动词。由last month，可知本题时态为一般过去时，故填purchased。
③—How soon can I get my camera__________(purchase)on the Internet?
—I have no idea，but you can consult the express delivery company.
解析：句意：——我多久能拿到我在网上订购的相机？——我不知道，但是你可以查询快递公司。考查非谓语动词。purchase与其逻辑主语camera之间为被动关系，故填过去分词形式。purchased purchased ①It is the 30th anniversary of our school today.
今天是我们学校建校30周年纪念日。
②They are going to celebrate their wedding anniversary at the seaside.
他们要在海边庆祝结婚纪念日。4．anniversary n．周年纪念日anniversary/memory
He made an important speech on the anniversary of Dr Sun Yat-sen's birth.
在孙中山诞辰纪念日上，他做了一次重要演讲。
I have happy memories of my school.
我对我们学校有着幸福的回忆。anniversary ①The map shows the distribution of this species across the world.
地图上标明了这一物种在世界上的分布情况。
②They aren't satisfied with the unfair distribution of wealth.
他们对财富分配不公不满意。5．distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态distribute vt.分配；分发
distribute sth.to/among把某物分给/发给……
This paper is distributed free.
这份报纸免费发放。
The money was distributed among the schools in this area.
这笔钱在这个地区的学校中分配。distribute/divide
He divided the watermelon into 10 parts and distributed them to 10 children.
他把这个西瓜切成10分，并把它们分给了10个孩子。distributed the books donated by kind-hearted people to distribution were distributed ①His company operates in several countries.
他的公司在几个国家有业务活动。
②What skills are needed to operate this machine?
操作这台机器需要什么技能？
③Can you operate a sewing machine?
你会使用缝纫机吗？
④The medicine operated quickly.
这药很快就起作用了。6．operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作operator n．操作人员；电话员
operation n．[C]手术[U]操作
bring/put into operation实施，使生效，使运行
come/go into operation开始运转，开始生效
The new power station has already come into operation.
这个新的发电站已经开始运转。
The young doctor performed the heart operation.
这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。
The law will be put into operation next month.
这部法律下月开始生效。with operated operation on if I had been operated on before operate the machine Please call the police when you are in need.
有困难请找警察。
in need of需要某物
I'm in need of some fresh air.
我需要一些新鲜的空气。
注意：in need表示在危急中 in need of指需要某物
We collected money for those people in need in earthquake-stricken areas who were in need of lots of tents.
我们筹集资金帮助地震灾区的灾民，他们需要大量帐篷。in need在困难中；在危急中重 点 短 语be in need of sth.需要
at one's need在某人困难时
satisfy/meet one's need满足某人需要
There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事
As we all know，everyone in the world has the need for affection.
我们都知道，每个人都需要爱。
He gave me help at my need.
他在我困难时给予我帮助。“in＋名词”类短语一直是最活跃的短语之一，它或者表示状语，或者表示方式。与in need同类的短语还有：
in difficulty处在困难中 in debt负债
in sight看得见 in order整齐地
in doubt怀疑 in battle在战争中
in danger处在危险中 in fun开玩笑
in peace安详地 in public公开地
in comfort舒适地
Although Tom was deeply in debt，he never lost heart and decided to pay off all his debts.
虽然汤姆负债累累，但他从不灰心，下决心偿还所有的债务。in need in need of in needs in difficulty were in danger making fun of others in public 难 点 解 析1．The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。本句中not...but...连接两个平行成分，意思是“不是……，而是……”。you give是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰gift; your loved one keeps是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰something; who really need it是定语从句，修饰people。句中not...but...连接两个表语。注意当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则。如：
I'm not a student but a teacher.
我不是学生而是老师。
He does not work but play all day.
他整天不学习只是玩耍。提示：not only...but(also)，either...or...，neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词按“就近一致”原则确定。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词按“就前一致”原则确定。
Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.
电话找的是你不是他。
Rose as well as her friends was invited to Ann's twentieth birthday party.
罗斯和她的朋友应邀参加安二十岁的生日晚宴。either or Neither nor Not only but also Both and not but 本句是一个简单句，现在分词短语going hungry和providing for themselves均作定语修饰其前的名词families。英语中现在分词和动名词都可以用作定语，但现在分词作定语时，是它所修饰的名词所发出的动作，和此名词之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句；而动名词作定语时，是用来说明其所修饰的名词的功能、性质、作用等，相当于一个“for”短语。如：2．Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health，between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.
仅仅提高20%的产量，就意味着会让很多人远离疾病，拥有健康，让许多家庭不再忍受饥饿的折磨，能够自力更生。(1)a swimming fish＝a fish which is swimming(现在分词) 一条游泳的鱼
→a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming(动名词) 一个游泳池
(2)a walking man＝a man who is walking(现在分词) 一个正在行走的人
→a walking stick＝a stick for walking(动名词)
一根拐杖
(3)a sleeping cat＝a cat which is sleeping(现在分词) 一只睡觉的猫
→a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping(动名词) 一节卧车车厢
(4)a writing girl＝a girl who is writing(现在分词) 一个在写字的女孩
→some writing paper＝some paper for writing(动名词) 一些书写纸
(5)a standing tree＝a tree which stands(there)(现在分词) 一棵参天大树
→standing room＝room for standing(动名词) 立足之地standing interesting written facing
翻译句子
⑤She went pale at the news.
______________________________
⑥大热天鱼很容易坏。
______________________________________听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。 Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 此句型属于“sb./sth.＋be＋adj./n.(＋for sb.)＋to do”结构，其中不定式与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，这时不定式要符合两个条件：(1)主动形式表示被动意义；(2)其中的动词须为及物动词，若为不及物动词，须加相应的介词。
①The book is difficult(for me) to understand.
这本书(对我来说)很难懂。
②The car is very comfortable to ride in.
这种车很好坐。3．They are easy and fun for children to care for.
孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。该结构中的形容词须是表示主语的特征或性质的形容词，常见的词有interesting，easy，difficult，nice，good，expensive，cheap，heavy，light，important，impossible，pleasant，comfortable，safe，dangerous，fit等。for children to understand for the old man to carry The task is impossible for him to finish 写 作 探 究人物描写包括人物的外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等方面，用于表现人物的精神面貌、揭露人物的内心活动、提示人物的性格变化，以突出作品的主题思想。此类写作要求抓住人物特征的具体细节进行描写，分清主次，可以采用先总体、后局部的描述顺序。即先总体介绍此人所具有的特点，然后对其局部的一些细节进行介绍，最后可以再作一些总结。另外，对于有些人物描写，我们也可以根据时间或事件发生的先后顺序进行介绍。如何描写人物具体的写作技巧如下：
(1)选好描写的角度。必须考虑好站在第几人称的角度上写和从哪一点着手写。
(2)详略得当地描述。要能够抓住人物特点，按要求对人物进行描写，并要注意详略得当。
(3)准确生动地描述。描写人物时还要注意语言的准确生动性，可以灵活地使用一些主动句、被动句和with的复合结构以及从句等句式。同时，也要注意准确地使用一些动词、名词、形容词、副词以及介词词组等。经典句式
(1)介绍人物的姓名、出身
She was born in Beijing On Oct.12th,1986.
She was a great woman with the name of...
She was born to/into a poor/rich family.
(2)介绍家庭背景
His/Her family was so poor that...
His/Her father was very strict with him/her...(3)介绍教育背景
She was admitted to a famous university...
She graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing University.
When at college，he majored in math.
(4)介绍人物喜好
He is interested in/is fond of/is crazy about music.
His favorite sport is playing basketball.
(5)介绍人物生活态度
He works hard at/devotes his lifetime/himself to achieving his life goal.
He made up his mind to do the job well.
He tried his best to help others.
(6)评价人物
His hard work brought him great success.
He set a good example to us.
He was honored as a model worker.
He made great contributions to our country.话题导入
你们学校的英语报最近开展了一次题为“My Favorite Teacher”的征文比赛。你计划报名参加，写作对象是你的英语老师Mr Green，因为他上课生动有趣，而且善于启发大家的思维，博得了同学们的喜爱。请你根据下列要点写一篇关于他的文章，参加比赛：
1．简要地描述他的外貌；
2．喜欢他的原因。
注意：词数120左右。
参考词汇：激发motivate。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________参考范文
My Favorite Teacher
Our English teacher Mr Green，only several years older than us，①is a really special teacher.
He is very tall and has a beard，②which makes him look serious. ③In fact，he is very kind and humorous.He seems born able to make his class full of laughter all the time，④which explains why he is also called Magician. ③For example, during the class，he always has ways of giving us surprise，such as making a joke or singing a song and so on.So what he teaches comes natural to us.名师点评
①文章首先确定了写作的时态——一般现在时。
②此处是个非限制性定语从句，它的使用丰富了文章的句式结构。
③文章最大的特色是句与句之间的连贯性，这得益于副词或连词的合理使用，如in fact，for example，what's more等。
④此句是个高级的复杂句型。which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中还包括一个由why引导的宾语从句。
⑤文章的结尾紧紧围绕着主题，简单明了地对人物做出了评价。巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件14张PPT。Unit 4 Sharing学习目标展示背景知识链接
I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier .Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips — of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said: “Well，I'm really sorry.I've got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please，please，you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job，you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.
文章大意：本文介绍了一个名叫Peter Hodes的人从事的有关干细胞传递的志愿者工作，并主要讲述了他的一次难忘的经历。在传递干细胞的过程中，他深刻地意识到时间就是生命。
1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1？_____
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips-of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box”可知，作者是干细胞传递员。故选B。
B 2．Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours？_____
A．He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B．The donor can only wait for that long.
C．The operation needs that much time.
D．The ice won't last any longer.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last”可知，冰维持的最长时间是42小时。故选D。D
3．Which flight did the woman put Peter on first？_____
A．To London. B．To Newark.
C．To Providence. D．To Washington.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled”可知，这位女士安排作者乘坐一架小型飞机改道经瓦克回到了英国，故选B。B 课件89张PPT。Unit 5Section Ⅰ Warming-up；Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习recommend substitute draft numb contradict (Ⅱ)形意记忆
1．qualification(n.)资格；资历→_________(v.)取得资格；达到标准；使具有资格→__________(adj.)有资格的；合格的；胜任的
2．comfort(n.)舒适；安慰；(vt.)安慰→____________(adj.)舒适的；舒服的→____________(adv.)舒适地，舒服地
3．requirement(n.)需要；要求→_________(v.)需要；要求
4．acknowledge(vt.)承认；确认；答谢→________________(n.)承认；认同；致谢
5．________(vt.)占用；占领；占据→occupied(adj.)已占用的qualify qualified comfortable comfortably require acknowledgement occupy Ⅱ.短语互译
1．适应；调节 ____________
2．与……相似 _________________
3．保持优秀成绩；继续干下去 _______________
4．相适应；相融和 __________
5．登上飞机 _________________
6．申请 ____________
7．feel at home ____________________adjust to
be similar to
keep it up
fit in
board a plane
apply for
感觉自在；不拘束
8．take up ________________________________
9．be/get used to ________________
10．as far as one is concerned ______________
11．refer to ______________
12．be occupied with __________________________占去(时间或空间)；开始从事
习惯于，适应
就……而言
参考，查阅
忙着做……；忙于某事物 Ⅲ.句型结构
1．It was the first time that she had ever left her motherland.
句式：It is/was＋顺序词(＋that)．..＋现在完成式或过去完成式。意思是：这是/那是第几次……做……。
仿写：这是我第一次去北京。
_____________________________________________________________
2．...I didn't expect what to do.
句式：疑问词＋动词不定式，在句中作宾语。
仿写：我不知道下一步干什么。
_____________________________________It/This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. I don't know what to do next.
Ⅳ.课文理解
(Ⅰ)根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Who has helped Xie Lei most since she came to England？_____
A．Her classmates and her tutor.
B．Her tutor and her family.
C．Her host family and her family.
D．Her tutor and her host family.D
2．Xie Lei's tutor seemed dissatisfied with her first essay because _____.
A．there were too many mistakes in it
B．her opinions were quite different from her tutor's
C．she didn't give her own opinions at all
D．her tutor couldn't understand the essay
C 3．What will Xie Lei try to do to adjust to the new life in England？_____
A．She will try to please her tutor.
B．She will try to join in a few university clubs to enjoy more social activities and meet some people she has much in common with.
C．She will try to put her heart into her preparation course.
D．She will try to protect herself from the strange environment and do nothing to make herself familiar with the culture.B 4. According to the text，we can know that _____.
A．idioms are not so difficult to understand
B．all students need one year to prepare for their majors
C．foreign tutors admire autonomous learners
D．it is impossible that you read it from China Daily
5．What can we learn from Xie Lei according to the passage？_____
A．She is timid(胆小的)． B．She is rich.
C．She is determined. D．She is humorous.C C (Ⅱ)根据课文内容，依据语法规则完成短文
Xie Lei，a Chinese student 1.__________(study) in Britain，shared her progress in both study and life.It was the first time she 2.___________(leave) her motherland.For study，she 3.________(high) recommended the preparation course as it was 4.___________(benefit)．She could remember the first essay for 5.________ she got an E．When she asked the reason for the tutor's 6.__________(revise)，the tutor suggested she acknowledge 7._______other people had said and give her own opinion.In her daily life，living with a host family,8.______which there may be other college students,9._______(give) her the chance to learn more about the new culture.Xie Lei also thought10.______important to join a few clubs.studying had left highly beneficial which revision what in gave it 合 作 探 究①There are both advantages and disadvantages in city life.
城市生活既有优势也有弊端。
②Living in big cities has many advantages.
生活在大城市有很多优势。核 心 词 汇1．advantage n．优势；益处；便利(反义词disadvantage)have the advantage of有……方面的优势
to one's advantage对……有利
take advantage of利用某事；欺骗某人
have/win advantage over优于……；胜过……
She won the advantage over other applicants because she had the advantage of knowing several foreign languages，which was to her advantage.
因为她有懂多种外语的优势，这对她很有利，因此她胜过其他应聘者。解析：考查短语。take advantage of利用。句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。
补全句子
②He_______________________________(充分利用)his spare time.
③It will_______________________(对你有利)if you go abroad for further study.take takes the fullest advantage of be to your advantage ①He got a medical qualification last year.
他去年取得医学资格证。
②He has no qualification for a teacher.
他没有担任教师的资格。2．qualification n．资格；资历；证明qualify v．取得资格；证明合格
qualify as...取得……资格
qualify sb.for sth.使某人具有某种资格/给某人某种资格
qualify sb.to do sth.使某人有资格做某事
qualified adj.合格的；胜任的
have the right qualifications for sth./to do sth.有资格做某事
His knowledge qualifies him for the teaching work; he is a qualified teacher indeed.
他的学问使他胜任教学工作；他的确是位合格的教师。
注意：quality n．质量；品质 quantityn.数量解析：句意：他当不了英语老师，因为他的发音太差了。qualify as取得……资格。as ②What sort of_____________(qualify)do you need for the job?
解析：句意：做这份工作你需要哪种资格？考查名词。根据句意和结构可知应填名词qualification。
③—Why didn't you hire the young man?
—In terms of_____________(qualify)，ability and experience，he's not well suitable for the position we offer.
解析：句意：——你们为什么不雇佣那个年轻人？——就资格、能力和经验而言，他不适合我们提供的职位。考查名词。根据句意和结构可知应填名词qualification。qualification qualification He did little preparation for the exam.
他对考试没作什么准备。3．preparation n．准备；预备be in preparation在准备中
in preparation for为……作好准备
make preparations for/against为/反对……作准备
prepare v．预备；使……有准备
prepare sb.for sth.使某人对某事有所准备
prepare to do sth.准备去做某事
be (well) prepared for/to do...对……有所准备
He packed his bag in preparation for the journey.
他打好包，为旅行作准备。
They prepared themselves for the worst.
他们作了最坏的打算。
The teacher is preparing the quiz，while the students are preparing for it.
老师正在准备测试题，而学生正在为测试作准备。making preparations for in preparation ①Can you recommend me some new books on this subject?
你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗？
②I recommend you to buy this dictionary and that tape.
我建议你买这本字典和那盒磁带。
③I can recommend Miss Green as a good typist.
我可以推荐格林小组为一名优秀的打字员。
④The doctor strongly recommended that he take a holiday.
医生竭力劝他休假。4．recommend vt.推荐；建议(1)recommend...to sb.＝recommend sb...向某人推荐……
recommend sb.for推荐某人做(某职位)
recommend sb.as推荐某人为……
(2)recommend sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth.建议做某事
recommend＋that从句(从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋do，should可以省略)建议……recommend leaving her alone recommended me to take/that I take regular exercise be kept up ①They did everything for our comfort.
他们尽力使我们觉得舒适。
②It's great comfort to know that his son survived the earthquake.
得知儿子在地震中幸免遇难，这对他是个极大的安慰。
③She comforted herself with the thought that she would be rescued from the buried ruins.
她以这种想法来安慰自己，她会从掩埋的废墟中被人救起。5．comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.安慰for comfort为了舒服
in comfort舒适地
comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的a few words of comfort will be a great comfort to her live in such comfort
单句语法填空
④Being able to afford a drink would be_____comfort in those tough times.
解析：句意：在那些艰苦的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。此处为抽象名词具体化，a comfort意为“令人感到欣慰的人或事”。a (1)n.代替者；代用品。如：
The manager has to find a substitute for Tim.
经理不得不找个人来代替蒂姆。
Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.
维生素药片不是健康饮食的替代品。
(2)v.(用……)代替。如：
We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.
我们必须把这破损的椅子换个新的。
Can you substitute for me at the meeting?
你代我去开会，好吗？6．substitutesubstitute/replace
substitute A for B“用A代替B”(使用A)
replace A with B“用B代替A”(使用B)
She substituted sugar for honey.
她以糖代替蜂蜜。
She replaced a flat tyre with a new one.
她用新轮胎替换爆胎。replaced substitute there is no substitute for a mother's love nothing can substitute for a mother's love ①Your requirement that she wait till next week is reasonable.
你要求她等到下周是有道理的。
②The new computer system will meet all our requirements.
新的计算机系统将能满足我们所有的需要。
提示：requirement后面的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。如：
Do you know the requirement that every applicant(should)have a medical examination?
你知道所有的申请者要进行体检这条规定吗？7．requirement n．[C]需求；要求meet/satisfy the requirements of满足……的要求
require vt.要求；请求，需要
require that sb.(should) do...要求某人做某事
require sth.of sb.要求某人某事
require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
require doing/to be done需要……
The boss required that she (should) keep it a secret.
老板要求她对此事保密。
These temples require repairing next month.(＝These temples require to be repaired next month.)
这些寺庙下个月需要修缮。
requires considering/to be considered him to pay the fine reflect on our successes and failures meet/satisfy your requirements ①They acknowledged that they were cheated.
他们承认被骗了。
②We must acknowledge his letter.
我们必须表示已收到他的来信。
③His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present.
公司送他一份礼物答谢他对公司的长期服务。8．acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢acknowledge sb./sth.to be承认某人/某物是
acknowledge that承认
acknowledge doing承认做过某事
acknowledge...as...认为……是……
It is universally acknowledged that大家公认……
acknowledge one's letter向某人表示信已收到
acknowledgement n．承认；答谢
He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.
普遍认为他是世界上最佳球员。not passing the driving test/that he hadn't passed the driving test It is widely/universally acknowledged that as acknowledging having done/doing ①Reading occupies most of my free time.
阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
②When the enemy occupied the city，the scientist was occupied with his research in an office that he occupied.
当敌人占据这个城市时，这位科学家正在他所拥有的办公室里忙于他的研究。9．occupy vt.占用；占领；占据；使忙于occupied adj.没空闲的；忙碌的
occupation n．占用；职业；消遣
by occupation职业上
under occupation在占领中
be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于……
He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else's occupation.
他从巴黎回来，发现他的办公室被别人占了。解析：句意：我恐怕没有空为这个才艺表演帮忙，因为我正忙于自己的项目。考查固定搭配。be occupied with忙于。
②If she is occupied______taking care of her three children，she will have no time for shopping.
解析：句意：如果她忙于照料三个孩子她将没有时间去购物。考查固定搭配。be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事。with in ③__________ (occupy)in carrying out an experiment，he can't spare time to look after his children.
解析：句意：忙于进行一个实验，他抽不出时间照料孩子。考查非谓语动词。be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事。
④He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else's___________ (occupy)．
解析：句意：他从巴黎回来发现自己的办公室被别人占了。考查名词。根据句意可知应填名词occupation，under one's occupation被……占领。Occupied occupation
⑤He would have attended your birthday party but he__________ (occupy) himself with a very important experiment.
解析：句意：他本来要参加你的生日聚会的，但是他忙于一个很重要的实验。考查动词。occupy oneself with sth.忙于某事。根据语境可知，应用一般过去时。occupied ①It was the sort of game that both teams deserved to win.
这场比赛两个队都应当赢。
②She deserves a reward for her effort.
她积极努力，应得到奖赏。
③The article deserves careful study.
这篇文章值得仔细研究。
④They deserve to be sent to prison.
他们应该入狱。10．deserve应受；应得；值得
提示：deserve doing＝deserve to be done值得做
They deserved to be punished.＝They deserved punishing.
他们应当受到惩罚。(用动名词主动形式表示被动含义)类似的用法还有need，want，require
The boy deserves punishing/to be punished.
这个男孩应该受惩罚。
She deserved to win because she was the best.
因为她最优异，她应该赢。解析：本题考查deserve to be done/doing表示被动。句意为“他们犯法，因此他们应当被送往监狱”。they与sent to prison之间存在被动关系。故填to be sent/sending。
②To be honest，we must acknowledge that she did deserve__________(win)the game.to be sent/sending to win Some of the staff found it hard to adjust to all the changes in technology and working methods.
有些职员发现要适应技术和工作方法的所有变化是很难的。重 点 短 语1．adjust to适应；调节(to为介词)adjust oneself to意为“使自己适应”，to为介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语，不接不定式。类似的常见短语有：
be accustomed to习惯于
be/get used to习惯于
contribute to有助于；导致
devote...to...把……贡献到……上
get down to着手
look forward to盼望；期待
lead to导致；通向
pay attention to注意
see to负责；照料
be addicted to对……上瘾devoted his spare time to helping get down to making a plan get used to living adjusted(himself)to ①He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in.
他以前从未做过这种工作，我不知道他如何能配合好。
②Surroundings are important things for animals.If they can't fit it in well，they will die out.
环境对动物来说很重要。如果不能很好地适应环境，它们就会灭绝。2．fit in相适应；相融合fit in with适合；与……一致
fit sb./sth.for sth.使……适合/胜任……
be fit for适合；胜任
be fit to do sth.适合做某事
keep fit保持健康fit in fit in with fit in with ①Excellent work，Cripps—keep it up!
克里普斯，你干得真好——要保持下去！
②Keep it up，and you will succeed in this field.
继续干下去，你会在这个领域取得成功的。3．keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去keep up维持；保持
keep up with跟上
keep off不接近；让开
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep out挡住；使不进入
keep to坚守；信守
keep away from避开；不接近
keep one's word信守诺言
keep...from doing阻止……做某事
We can keep up with other companies if we keep to the plan.
如果我们都能执行计划，就能赶上其他公司。
In face of difficulties，we're not discouraged and keep our spirits up.
面对困难，我们没有气馁，而是继续保持斗志。解析：每天浏览报纸，你能够跟上快速发展的局面。考查固定短语。keep up with跟上，赶得上，和……保持联系。up ②Don't worry.I will_______my word and you shall be given the help you need.
解析：句意：别担心。我会信守诺言的，你会得到你需要的帮助。考查固定短语。keep one's word，信守诺言。
③I hope the fine weather will keep______for another week.
解析：句意：我希望这种好天气能再持续一周。考查固定短语。keep up保持，持续。keep up 难 点 解 析1．How difficult do you think it is to adjust to the customs of another country?
你认为适应另外一个国家的习俗有多难？句中do yo think作插入语，意为“你认为”，常置于句中。句首以特殊疑问词开头，句子用陈述语序，构成“特殊疑问词＋do you think＋陈述语序”结构。称之为“双重疑问句”。
①Where do you think he found it?
你以为他是在哪里找到它的？
②When do you think your aunt will come to Beijing?
你认为你姑姑什么时候要到北京来？
温馨提示：能用在这种结构中的动词还有：suppose，believe，guess，expect，imagine，hope等。Which do you suppose tastes best，the chicken，the pork or the fish？ What do you think we should do to improve our English？
补全句子
③谁知道下一步将发生什么事？
Who knows_________________next?
解析：此处考查“疑问词＋不定式”结构，疑问词在此作不定式的逻辑主语，因此应该用what to happen。what to happen 句式It/This/That＋is(was)＋the first/the second/...time that...表示“某人第一次/二次/……次做某事”。注意该句型中从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时，如果主句谓语用了was，则后面的that从句要用过去完成时；如果主句谓语用了is或will be，则后面的that从句要用现在完成时。that可以省略。即：is和will be与has/have done对应；was与had done对应。如：2．It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。It is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次到这儿来。
It was the second time that he had failed in the exam.
这是他第二次考试不及格。
It was the first time that he had met the real difficult situation.
那是他第一次陷入困境。It is/was(high)time that sb.should do/did sth.意为“到了某人做某事的时间了”。相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。如：
It is high time we went to bed.
到我们上床睡觉的时间了。
the first time还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。如：
I fell in love with Lucy the first time I met her in Atlanta.
我在亚特兰大第一次见到露西就爱上了她。
for the first time是介词短语，只能用作句子的状语，不可用引导状语从句，它不具有连词的功能。表示“第一次”。
We met at college for the first time.
我们第一次见面是在上大学时。
had operated made/should make left have taken took/should take 3．But I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect...
但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我期望的是什么……(2)句中what to expect是“疑问句＋不定式”结构，作know的宾语。此结构还可作主语和表语。
①How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.
我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。(作主语)
②I really don't know what to write about.
我实在不知道该写些什么。(作动词宾语)
③We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.
我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(作介词宾语)How to do it where to go how to cross the river
单句语法填空
④I've worked with children before，so I know what____________(expect) in my new job.
解析：“疑问句＋不定式”在本句中作动词know的宾语。句意为“我以前做过跟孩子们在一起的工作，所以我知道在我的新工作中应期望什么”。不定式结构中what作不定式中动词expect的宾语。to expect 句中动名词短语living with host families用作主句的主语，主句的谓语是gives，其后接双宾语(her the chance)，不定式短语to learn more about the new culture作后置定语，修饰chance。其中in which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰host families。4．Living with host families，in which there may be other college students，gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
房东家也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的人家住在一起给她提供了机会，更好地了解这个新文化。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：
(1)直接位于句首作主语。如：
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
(2)用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。如：
It is no use telling him not to worry.
告诉他不要担心没有用。(3)用于“There be”结构中。例如：
There is no saying when he'll come.
很难说他何时回来。
(4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。如：
No smoking.＝No smoking is allowed(here)．
禁止吸烟。
No parking.
禁止停车。
(5)动名词的复合结构作主语。
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，可以在句中作主语。如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来救援极大地鼓舞了我们。Being misunderstood Talking to him Getting up early is good for your health. Smoking is bad for our health. 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件37张PPT。Unit 5Section Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．_________n．道歉→__________v．道歉
2．________v．钻孔；训练→__________v．练习锻炼
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．常规检查_______________
2．向……道歉____________________________
3．日复一日______________________apology apologize drill exercise routine tests make an apology to sb. day in and day out Ⅲ.语法感悟
判断正误，改正错句
1．Which is often the case，he is absent.
____________
2．He has to work on Sundays，which he doesn't like.
______
3．He is no longer the simple-minded man who he was five years ago.
_______________________
4．He is the only person who I like to talk to.
_______________________Which→As √ who→that(或去掉who) who→that(或去掉who) 5．That's the way how he answered the question.
_____________________________________
6．Do you remember the day that we spent in the wood?
______
7．I climbed to the top of the tower，from where I could see the whole city.
______
8．This is just the book what I want.
______________________________________how→in which(或改为that或去掉how) √ √ what→that(或去掉the book或去掉what) 合 作 探 究①Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience we have caused.
若有不便，敬请原谅。
②What you said is completely untrue，and I demand an immediate apology.
你的说法完全不真实，我要求立即道歉。核 心 词 汇1．apology n．道歉；谢罪make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉
apologize to sb.for(doing)sth.因某事向某人道歉
In apology for their lateness，they pleaded that their car had broken down on the way.
他们辩解说，因为小汽车在路上抛了锚，所以迟到了。
I must make an apology to her for my mistakes.
因为我的错误我必须向她道歉。made an apology to for which he made an apology to her made an apology to her for shouting ①Is English an optional lesson，or does everyone have to learn it?
英语是选修课还是每个人必修的课程？
②The car radio is an optional extra.
汽车收音机是可供选择的额外装备。2．optional adj.可选择的；随意的option n．[C，U]选择(权)；供选择的事物或人
have no/little option无选择余地；不能作选择
I had no option but to ask him to leave.
我别无选择，只有请他离开。
The color comes with a wide range of options.
颜色有很多种选择。None of the options was an optional subject at school Day in and day out，no matter what the weather is like，she walks ten miles.
她不管天气如何，每天总是步行十英里。day in and day out日复一日，天天重 点 短 语the other day几天前
day and night日日夜夜
day by day一天一天地；逐日
day after day日复一日；连续地
have a day off请一天假
every other day每隔一天
by the day按日计算
some day(将来)总有一天day in and day out/day after day day by day by the day 单 元 语 法非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句话。
The villa，which we saw yesterday，is very beautiful.
我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。
Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher angry.
汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。
Ⅰ.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，whom，who，whose；关系副词有when，where等。复习非限制性定语从句解析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。which as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
As we all know，Tai Wan belongs to China.
正如我们所知，台湾是中国的一部分。
Allen has made much progress in English，which delighted us.
艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。解析：本题考查连词的用法。非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which。which [点津]
(1)as引导限制性定语从句，常与the same，such，as等连用，在句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
Such people as you described just now are rare now.(作宾语)
像你刚才描述的那样的人现在已经很少了。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，常用在一些固定结构中，如：
as appears正如出现的
as is said above如上所述
as is already mentioned above就跟上边所提到的那样
as is known to all众所周知as is often the case就跟经常的情况那样
as often happens就跟经常发生的那样
as is reported就跟所报道的那样
as you can see 就跟你看到的那样
as it is事实上，实际上
He has read widely，as appears from his article.
他阅读十分广泛，正如从他的文章中表现出来的那样。解析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅(过去)一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。as Ⅱ.使用非限制性定语从句时需注意的问题：
(1)that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，用who，whom代表人，用which代表事物。
(3)当先行词指物且为专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
(4)非限制性定语从句还能指代整个主句，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
(5)非限制性定语从句中，不用why引导，用for which代替why。(6)先行词为独一无二的物体时，一般用非限制性定语从句。
The sun，which rises in the east，gives us light and heat.
太阳从东边升起，给我们光和热。
Mr Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.
史密斯先生，我以前的老师，去年退休了。
The Great Wall，which is called in Chinese “The Ten-Thousand Li Great Wall”，is actually more than 6,000 kilometers.
长城，中国人称作“万里长城”实际不只有6 000公里。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别如下：解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语。
⑤The school shop，________customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
解析：考查定语从句。句意为：因为这个学校商店的顾客多是学生，故假期关门停业了。whose引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明商店的情况，在从句中whose作定语修饰名词customers。which whose
⑥(真题改编·北京)Opposite is St.Paul's Church，________you can hear some lovely music.
解析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.Paul's Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。故用where。where which which which whose which
6．Last month，part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from________ effects the people are still suffering.
7．______is often the case ，we have worked out the production plan.
8．Please make a mark at the place________ you don't understand.
9．______ is known to all，the moon travels around the earth.
10．We are now in a situation ________ we must take quick action.whose As where As where 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件50张PPT。Unit 5Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．apologize(v.)道歉；谢罪→_________(n.)道歉
2．__________(n.)获学士学位的人；未婚男子→master(n.)硕士→doctor(n.)博士
3．__________(adj.)可选择的→option(n.)选择
4．________(n.)代理人；经纪人→agency(n.)代理；代理处
5．__________(adj.)丰富的；充裕的→abundance(n.)丰富
6．________(vt.& vi.)统治；支配；管理→governor(n.)统治者；管理者→government(n.)政府，统治apology bachelor optional agent abundant govern Ⅱ.短语互译
1．make an apology to ______________
2．apply for ________
3．______________________ 日复一日
4．be parallel to ______________
5．be popular with ______________
6．______________________ 不可能的；不值得讨论的
7．____________ 安顿下来向……道歉 申请 day in and day out 与……平行 受……欢迎 out of the question settle in Ⅲ.句型结构
1．In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca，...
在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，……
句式：地点状语＋谓语动词＋主语(完全倒装句)
仿写：黑板的右边有一张中国地图。
________________________________________________________
2．The report contradicted what we saw in our physics lesson yesterday.
句式：what引导的名词性从句作宾语
仿写：我已得到了想要的一切。
____________________________________．On the right of the blackboard is a map of China. I have got what I wanted to(get) Ⅳ.课文理解
1．What is mainly talked about in this passage？_____
A．The history of Peru. B．The travel of Peru.
C．The transportation of Peru. D．The geography of Peru.
2．Why is Cuzco popular with tourists？_____
A．Because it is the capital of Peru.
B．Because it is close to the famous ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.
C．Because it is a lively city.
D．Because of the ancient Inca capital.D B 3．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？_____
A．Peru has the highest lake in the world.
B．Peru is short of wildlife.
C．Peru has only one official language.
D．Peru mainly has four geographical areas.
4．Which is not mentioned in the passage？_____
A．Peru lies on the Pacific coast.
B．Boats can travel on Lake Titicaca.
C．Peru has two official languages.
D．Lima is the capital of Peru.A C
5．From the second paragraph，we can find out that_____played an important role in the Inca civilization.
A．Spain B．Russia
C．China D．AmericaA 合 作 探 究①That country is abundant in natural resources.
那个国家自然资源丰富。
②There is abundant firewood in the forest.
森林里有充裕的薪柴可用。核 心 词 汇1．abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的be abundant in/with sth...……丰富，富于……
abundance n．充足；丰富；富裕
an abundance of大量的
in abundance大量；丰富，富裕
abundantly丰富地
Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.
山坡上长满了野花。
Melons grow abundantly in this region.
这个地区盛产甜瓜。in abundance An abundance of is abundant in ①The road and the railway are parallel to each other.
该公路与铁路相互平行。
②Actually no one can parallel him in poetry.
实际上，在诗歌方面无人能同他相提并论。2．parallel adj.平行的；相同的；类似的(1)be parallel to/with与……平行/相似
(2)parallel n．相似特征；极其相似的人(或情况、事件等)
without parallel无可匹敌is parallel to yours without parallel ①The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.
这个国家由民选代表统治。
②Prices are very much governed by market demand.
价格在很大程度上取决于市场需求。
③He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern the nation.
他指责反对党无力治理国家。3．govern v．统治；支配；管理governor n．统治者；总督；州长
governance n．统治；管理；治理
government n．政府；内阁government作主语时，如果视为整体，谓语动词用单数，若视为其中的个体成员，谓语动词用复数。governors government govern has are ①It's out of the question.那是不可能的。
②Without peace, development and sexual equality are out of the question.
没有和平就谈不上发展，谈不上男女平等。1．out of the question不可能的；不值得讨论的重 点 短 语out of question没有问题，毫无疑问
beyond/without question毫无疑问
in question讨论中的；有疑问的
He is out of question the best player in our team.
毫无疑问，他是我们队里优秀的运动员。巧记out of(the) question
“有the就有问题”，既然有问题，要办好事情就是“不可能的”也是“不值得讨论的”；“无the就无问题”，既然没问题，办成一件事是“毫无疑问的”，也“一定”会办得好。温馨提示：注意有些短语使用冠词和不使用冠词所表达的意义不同：
(1)out of question没问题 out of the question不可能
(2)in front of在前面(指物体之外) in the front of在前面(指物体之内)
(3)in charge of负责；主管 in the charge of由……负责
(4)in control控制 in the control of被……控制
(5)in hospital(因病)住院 in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)It's out of question It's out of the question for him beyond question ①Do come and see us when we've settled in.
等我们安顿下来以后，请一定来看我们。
②I haven't yet settled in my new job.I still find it rather strange.
我还没有习惯我的新工作，我仍然觉得它很陌生。2．settle in(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来；习惯于(新居、新工作)settle up结账，结算
settle for勉强接受
settle down(使)安静下来；坐下来；定居；降临
settle in安顿好、住进新居
settle on就……达成协议；决定，选定settle down settle in/into to settle in in the high plains area is Lake Titicaca实际上是一个倒装句，主语是Lake Titicaca, in the high plains area作表语。the highest lake...是Lake Titicaca的同位语，on which引导一个非限制性定语从句。难 点 解 析In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.
在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。以下是对完全倒装的常见用法小结：
(1)当表示地点的介词短语放句首，且谓语为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。如：
On her left stood her husband.
她丈夫站在她的左边。(2)地点副词(here, there)，方位副词(out, in, up, down)及时间副词(now, then)等位于句首，且谓语动词为be, go, come等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。如：
Here is the book you want.
你要的书在这儿。
Down jumped the naughty boy.
那个调皮的男孩跳了下来。
(3)一些表示祝愿的句子里主谓也要完全倒装。如：
Long live the Communist Party of China!
中国共产党万岁！解析：句意：昨天在农舍前躺着一位友好的男孩。考查倒装和时态。表示方位的副词或介词短语放句首，句子要完全倒装。根据句中的yesterday可知设空处用lie的过去式lay。lay ②In my room there is a writing desk in front of the window，beside which ________ (stand)a bookshelf.
解析： 句意：在我房间里面窗户前有个写字台，它旁边有一个书架。考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语为a bookshelf，故填stands。
③—With this New Year_______ (come)new challenges.
—Sure.Global economy remains uncertain，and many countries continue to struggle.
解析：句意：——新的挑战伴随着新年到来了。——当然。全球经济仍存在不确定性，许多国家仍然在挣扎。考查倒装句。介词短语放在句首，采用完全倒装结构，主语为new challenges，故谓语为come。stands come 写 作 探 究书信往来仍是现代信息社会人际交流的重要手段。私人信件有别于公务信函，主要涉及个人感情、生活、交往、工作、学习等方面的事情。总的来说，英文私人信件并无固定的写法，且属于应用文的范畴，旨在考查学生在实际生活中应用语言的能力。但是书信又不是文学创作，所以在写作时，要注意遵循英语的惯例，比如私人信件的格式和常用语等。书信写作[写作模板]
1．称呼：Dear＋人名；写信给不相识的人时用Dear＋Sir/Madam。
2．正文：信的正文是信函的主体部分，也是做书信类书面表达题时最为重要的部分，写作时要把书信的要点表达清楚，使文章逻辑性强、语言通顺。可以根据需要分为若干个段落。
3．结束语：结束语的第一个词的首字母要大写，结尾用逗号。信函的结束语常用Sincerely(yours), Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully或Yours等。
4．署名：署名写在结束语下面。[常用句式]
常用的开头语：
1．Thank you for your letter dated September 1.
2．I haven't heard from you for a long time; how are you?
3．Thank you very much for your letter and the gift you sent me.
4．I have the pleasure/honor to inform/tell you that...
5．I must apologize for not writing to you for so long.
6．I am writing to you...
7．I am excited/ glad/ happy to learn that...常用的正文语有：
Although I don't know how to deal with the trouble I have mentioned above, I have been very happy recently because I got a chance to...
That's about it; Let's talk about...now.
常用的结束语有：
1．I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
2．I look forward to seeing you soon/our next meeting/hearing from you.
3．Please write to me when you have time.
4．Please remember me to your family.
5．With best regards to your family.
6．Please give my love/regards/best wishes to...话题导入
假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他热爱中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。4月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
提出邀请并简述原因；
提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)；
请求对方回复。
注意：
1．请使用规范英语，词数不少于100个；
2．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。[写作词汇热身]
1．上演____________________
2．喜欢____________________________________
3．文化_________
4．艺术馆_________
5．很有价值_______________________________
6．盼望__________________put on performance be fond of/have an appetite for culture gallery of great value/very valuable look forward to [写作表达练习]
1．我想邀请你看越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》，它将4月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院上演。
一般表达：
I'd like to invite you to see Butter fly Lovers. It is a famous Chinese Shaoxing Opera and is to be put on at the newly built Tianjing Grand Theater at 2：00 p．m.on April 5th.
高级表达：
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I'd like to invite you to see Butter fly Lovers, a famous Chinese Shaoxing Opera, which is to be put on at the newly built Tianjin Grand Theater at 2: 00 p.m.on April 5th.
2．作为你的朋友，我知道你喜欢中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。
一般表达：
I am your close friend, and I know you are fond of Chinese culture, especially opera culture.
高级表达：
_________________________________________________________________________________
As your close friend, I know you are fond of Chinese culture, especially opera culture.
3．它们都包含一些有价值的东西。
一般表达：
They both contain a lot of valuable items.
高级表达：
______________________________________________________They both contain a lot of items of great value. 参考范文
Dear Chris，
I have good news to tell you.I'd like to invite you to see Butter fly Lovers, a famous Chinese Shaoxing Opera, which is to be put on at the newly built Tianjin Grand Theater at 2：00 p．m.on April 5th.As your close friend, I know you are fond of Chinese culture, especially opera culture.
Of course, besides going to the theater，we can do some other meaningful things，such as visiting the museum or the art gallery nearby, which both contain a lot of items of great value.I'm sure that we will have a good time.
I'm looking forward to receiving your reply.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Jin巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件14张PPT。Unit 5 Travelling abroad学习目标展示背景知识链接(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery: Tour time upon request
Duration(时长)：2 hours
Price: $90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods，the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery 5：00 pm and 7：30 pm
Duration: 2 hours
Price: $90Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district .Authentic fire gear (服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6：30 pm and 8：30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旧金山的四种消防车之旅。Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery 7：00 pm and 9：00 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.1．Which of the tours is available in March？_____
A．San Francisco Winery Tour. B．Back to the Fifties Tour.
C．Spooky Halloween Tour. D．Holiday Lights Tour.
解析：考查细节理解。题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。故选A。
2．What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour？_____
A．Go to Treasure Island. B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C．Have free ice cream. D．Visit the Presidio district.
解析：考查细节理解。第二个项目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。故选C。A C
3．What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour？_____
A．Take some drinks. B．Set off early in the morning.
C．Wear warm clothes. D．Make reservations in advance.
解析：考查细节理解。第四个项目Holiday lights Tour的最后一句话提到“Advance reservations required”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预订。故选D。D
