（人教版）高中英语必修3：unit 4 Astronomy_the science of the stars单元语言点及其练习

Unit 4 Astronomy 语言点
目标认知
重点词汇：
explode，escape，depend，encourage，violent，presence，allow，lay，exist，remain，prevent，force，pull，cheer，exhaust，warn，possible，puzzle
重点短语：
in one’s turn，in time，a bit of，break out，now that，watch out for
重点句型：
“be to+动词原形”的用法
it作形式宾语
whether的用法
知识讲解
重点词汇
【精讲词汇】
explode
【原句回放】It exploded loudly with fire and rock.
【点拨】explode (v.) 爆炸，爆发
(1) explode with anger勃然大怒
explode into laughter放声大笑
the exploding world population迅速增长的世界人口
(2) explosion (n.)爆炸
explosive (adj.) 易爆的
(n.) 爆炸物；炸药；迸发(感情)；(人口等)突增
完成句子
(1)Two bombs ________ (爆炸) in front of the park gate，causing two deaths.
(2)Suddenly Charles _______________________ (勃然大怒)．
(3)There will be no standing room on the earth _______________________________________
(由于激增的世界人口)．
Keys: (1) exploded (2) exploded with anger (3) exploding world population
escape
【原句回放】They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space.
【点拨】escape v. 逃跑，逃避 n. 逃脱
常用结构：
escape from... 从……逃走
escape sth. 逃避某事
escape doing sth. (不能接to do形式)逃避做某事
sth. escape sb./sb.’s attention/sb.’s notice
某物没引起某人的注意；某人没记住某物
翻译句子
(1)这个男孩逃过了处罚，真幸运。
____________________________________________________________
(2)我想不起这个单词。
____________________________________
(3)四个罪犯从监狱中逃出来了。
____________________________________
Keys：(1) The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.
(2) The word escapes me.
(3) Four criminals escaped from prison.
depend
【原句回放】Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 在未来的几百万年里，生命在地球上是否会持续将取决于这个问题是否能够解决。
【点拨】depend (v.) 依靠，依赖
常用搭配：
depend on/upon sb./sth./v.ing 依赖，依靠，信赖
depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠/相信某人做某事
depend on sb./sth. for sth. 靠某人供给某物
depend on sth./wh- 视……而定，取决于……
depend on it（常用于句首或句末）请放心，没问题
It/That (all) depends. 那得看情况而定。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。
It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.
一切都取决于她喜欢还是不喜欢这个老板。
(2018 浙江模拟) The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.
谣言的影响随着情况的不同而不一样。
【拓展】depend on的同义短语：
count on=rely on sb. 信任/相信/依赖/依靠
believe sb.相信某人(所说的话)
believe in sb.相信/信任/信赖某人
trust (in) sb.相信/信任/信赖某人
encourage
【原句回放】They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen，which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish．(P26)它们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。
【点拨】encourage vt. 鼓励，鼓舞；激励，促进
常用搭配：encourage sb. to do sth．鼓励某人做某事
High prices encouraged farming．高价格刺激了农业。
I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the examination.
我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做努力。
(2018 福建模拟) Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you!
让你自己处于那些使你向上的、鼓励你的、理解你的人之中。
【拓展】
encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的
encouragement n. 鼓舞，鼓励
courage n. 勇气
discourage vt. 使泄气
discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
discourage sb. from doing阻止某人做……
violent
【原句回放】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not．(P25)地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
【点拨】violent adj.
①剧烈的，猛烈的，使用暴力的
a violent attack猛烈的攻击
He gave the man a violent blow．
他给了那个人猛烈的一击。
②(人)暴力的，粗暴的
He was violent when he got drunk．
他喝醉后很粗暴。
【拓展】
violence n. 暴力，猛烈
violently adv. 激烈地，粗暴地
presence
【原句回放】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas．(P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
【点拨】presence n．存在；出席，在场
常用结构
in the presence of sb.＝in sb’s presence当着某人的面；有某人在场
presence of mind危难中镇定自若；遇事不慌
lose one’s presence of mind心慌意乱
Your presence is requested．敬请光临。
She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence．
她请求他们不要当着她的面讨论这个问题。
【拓展】
present adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的
absence n. 缺席，不在场
absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的
absent-minded adj．心不在焉的
be absent from school / work / a meeting不上学/上班/到会
allow
【原句回放】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas．(P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
【点拨】allow v. 允许，许可
doing sth. 允许做某事
allow + sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow sb. sth. 允许某人某事
My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone．
我的老板不允许我使用电话。
Passengers are not allowed to smoke．
乘客不得吸烟。
We don’t allow smoking in our house．
我们不允许有人在我们家里吸烟。
Their teacher allowed them three days for the assignment．
他们的老师给他们三天时间完成作业。
lay
【原句回放】They produced young generally by laying eggs．(P26)它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
【点拨】lay v. 下蛋，放置
lay the book on the table把书放在桌上
The hens are not laying well．现在那些母鸡不爱下蛋。
【拓展】
lay的相关短语：
lay off(暂时)解雇
lay out展开；布局，安排
lay down放下
lay aside把……放一边
lay sth. up储备某物
lay sth. on供应某物
易混辨析
注意下列动词的过去式、过去分词及现在分词形式：
动词原形
词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺，位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置，产卵
laid
laid
laying
exist
【原句回放】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years．(P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了1.4亿多年。
【点拨】exist vi. 存在；生存
There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies.
两物体间总是存在着吸引力。
Fish can’t exist out of water. 鱼离开水就不能生存。
(2018 重庆模拟) According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because they appeal to unchanging features of human nature. 休姆认为，一些艺术作品会存在几个世纪，因为它们所吸引的是人类恒常不变的天性。
【拓展】existence n. 存在
existing adj. 目前的，现存的
常用搭配：come into existence开始存在
in existence存在
the most magnificent bridge in existence现有的最雄伟的大桥
remain
【原句回放】Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．(P26)它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。
【点拨】 remain link v. 保持不变，仍是
常用结构

remain modest and prudent保持谦虚谨慎
I went to the city，but my brother remained at home．
我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。
In spite of their quarrel，they remained the best of friends．
他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友．
【拓展】
remains n. 剩余物，废墟
remaining adj. 剩余的(作前置定语)
the remaining money剩下的钱
温馨提示
remain不能用于被动结构。
prevent
【原句回放】... which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space．(P26)……这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
【点拨1】prevent v. 阻止，预防
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds．
维生素C被认为能预防感冒。
They came in time to prevent an accident．
他们及时赶到避免了一场事故。
【拓展】
“阻止某人/某物做某事”的表达方法：
prevent sb. /sth. (from)doing sth.
stop sb. /sth. (from)doing sth.
keep sb. /sth. from doing sth.
Who prevents their plans(from) being carried out?
谁阻止他们的计划被实施?
【点拨2】escape v. & n. 逃脱，避开，溜走；安全出口
escape from... 逃离……
escape doing... 逃避……
escape from prison越狱
escape being punished＝escape punishment 逃脱被惩罚，免受惩罚
Gas is escaping from the pipe．煤气正从管中溢出。
We were lucky to escape being punished．我们很幸运，没有受罚。
force
【原句回放】Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey...(P30)在我们离开之前，李彦平解释说旅途中引力将变化三次……
【点拨】force
1. n. 力量，威力，影响；暴力，武力；部队，兵力
常用搭配：
put...into force 使……生效
come into force 生效，实施
by force 用暴力，用武力
the air force空军
She hits the ball with amazing force for someone so small.
对于这么小的人，她击球的力气惊人。
When do the new safety rules come into force? 新的安全规则何时生效？
He changed our world through the force of his ideas.
他以其思想的强大影响力改变了我们的世界。
2. vt. 强迫
常用搭配：force sb. to do / into doing强迫某人做……
force the door open强行打开门
force a smile勉强一笑
The soldiers took the prisoners away by force．士兵们强行把犯人带走了。
He forced himself to speak to her．他硬着头皮和她搭话。
pull
【原句回放】... because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity．(P30)……因为我们正在努力脱离地球的引力。
【点拨】 pull
(1)n. 拉(力)，引力
the pull of the earth地球的引力
He gave a strong pull at the rope．
他用力拉了拉绳子。
(2)vt. 拉，牵
Pull the door open．Don’t push it．
把门拉开。不要推。
【拓展】
pull相关短语：
pull sb. up把某人往上拽
pull apart把……拉开
pull down拆毁
pull in(车)停下，(车)到站；(船)到岸
pull off(＝take off)脱去，驶离(道路至路边停下)
pull over(车辆)停在路边
pull out(火车)驶出车站
pull on(＝put on)穿上
pull through(使)渡过危机／难关
cheer
【原句回放】I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin...(P31)我立刻感到很高兴。由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去……
【点拨】cheer n. 愉快，激励，欢呼
vi. 欢呼，喝彩
vt. 使高兴，使振奋
常用搭配：cheer sb. 使某人高兴起来
cheer (sb.) up (=cheer up sb.)（使某人）感到振奋，感到高兴
Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)
with good cheer 欣然地
They cheered loudly．他们大声欢呼起来。
The good news of our football team winning the game cheered up everybody who heard it．
我们足球队获胜的喜讯使每一个听到的人都感到高兴。
Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd cheered.
每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。
He’s always full of cheer in summer．夏天他总是高高兴兴的。
exhaust
【原句回放】That was very exhausting but very exciting too…(P31)真是精疲力竭了，但也很激动人心……
【点拨】exhaust vt. 使疲惫不堪；耗尽
常用搭配：
exhaust the supply of water 耗尽供水
exhaust one’s patience/strength 失去耐性/用尽力气
Caring for young children can exhaust you physically and mentally.
照顾小孩子会使你身心疲惫。
The long cycle ride exhausted her． 她因长途骑车而疲惫不堪。
【拓展】exhausting adj. 令人疲倦的
exhausted adj. （人）筋疲力尽的
The hard work is exhausting．艰苦的工作令人疲惫。
What’s wrong? You look absolutely exhausted. 你怎么了？你看上去筋疲力尽的。
warn
【原句回放】The spaceship warned Li Yanping and me to be ready...(P66) 飞船警告我和李彦平做好准备……
【点拨】warn v. 警告
常用结构
warn sb. of/about/against(doing) sth．警告某人当心某事
warn sb. to do/not to do sth. 警告某人做／不要做某事
warn sb. +that从句警告某人……
She has been warned of the danger of driving the car in that state．
已经警告过她，汽车那样开起来有危险。
They warned her that if she did it again she would be sent to prison．
他们警告她说她再这么做就把她关进监狱。
They were warned not to climb the mountain in such bad weather．
已经劝过他们天气这么坏不要攀登那座山。
【拓展】warning n. 警报，警告
possible
【原句回放】This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop．(P26)这就产生了连锁反应。使得生命有可能开始发展了。
【点拨】possible adj. 可能的
易混辨析
possible，probable，likely
①含义的不同
possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味。
probable比possible可能性大，表“很可能、大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理。
likely指从外表迹象进行判断有可能。
②句型搭配不同
It is possible / probable / likely + that从句
sb. is likely to do sth．(不能用possible/probable)
It is possible for sb. to do sth.
as...as possible
It is possible for me to do it．
我可能做那件事。(不能说I’m possible to do it．)
He made it possible for me to do it．
他使我可能做这件事。(不能说He made me possible to do it．)
He is likely to come．＝It is likely that he will come．
他可能来。(不能说It is likely for him to come．)
I need to see you fight away，if possible．
可能的话，我要马上看到你。
温馨提示
①名词前有all，every，the only，the best及其他形容词最高级修饰时，possible宜置于名词之后，作后置定语。如：
This is the only way possible．这是唯一可行的方法。
②(√)I’ll study as hard as possible(as I can)．
(×)I’ll study hard as possible as I can．
重点短语
in one’s turn
【原句回放】Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet．(P26)于是，他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。
【点拨】 in one’s turn轮到某人
The increase of production in turn influences their income．
产量增加反过来影响了他们的收入。
The girls called out their names in turn．
那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。
We did the work by turns．
我们是轮流做这项工作的。
【拓展】
It’s one’s turn to do sth．轮到/该某人做某事
in turn依次；反之，反过来
by turns轮流；交替地
in time
【原句回放】They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere．(P25)最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
【点拨】 in time
迟早；最后You’ll succeed in time．
及时in time for sth. / in time to do
They were just in time for the bus．
他们及时赶上了公共汽车。
We arrived at the concert hall in good time．
我们及时到达音乐厅。
【拓展】
time相关词组：
ahead of time提前
all the time一直
at any time在任何时候
at no time在任何时候都不
in no time立刻
at a time一次，每次
at one time曾经，同时
at the same time同时
from time to time时不时地，偶尔
on time准时
take one’s time从容不迫，不着急
as time goes on随着时间的推移
a bit of
【原句回放】... walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed．(P31)……既然重力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。
【点拨】a bit of
易混辨析
a bit，a little
a bit of+不可数名词＝a little+不可数名词
a bit+形容词、副词原级或比较级
＝a little+形容词、副词原级或比较级
not a little＝very非常
not a bit＝not at all一点儿也不
quite a bit很多，相当多
quite a little＝much很多
for a bit＝for a little＝for a while＝for a short time一会儿
Tom has a little money．＝Tom has a bit of money．
汤姆有一点钱。
We need a bit / a little more time．
我们需要多一点的时间。

break out
【原句回放】We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased．(P31)我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，太空船的外层燃烧起火。
【点拨】break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发
The Second World War broke out in September，1939．第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
A fire broke out in this hotel last night．昨晚这家旅馆发生了火灾。
Fighting has broken out on the border and is expected to continue until a settlement is reached．
战斗在边界打响了，预料会继续下去直到问题得到解决。
The whole meeting broke out in cheers．整个会场爆发出阵阵欢呼声。
He broke out：“That is not so！”他猛然吼道：“并不是这么回事。”
【拓展】break相关短语：
break down出故障，(身体)垮掉；打破，破除
break into闯入，突然……起来
break away (from) （从……）挣脱，逃脱；脱离（……），背离（……）
break off(使)断开，折断
break the rules违反规则
break the records打破纪录
The telephone system，has broken down．电话系统失灵了。
His house was broken into last week．上星期有人闯入他的房子。
now that
【原句回放】...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。
【点拨1】now that 既然，由于（引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，that可省略）
Now that you have finished your work, you’d better have a rest.
既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。
Now that everyone is here let’s start work．
现在人都齐了，咱们开始干吧。
(2018 湖南模拟 Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river. 既然芝加哥的污水正高效率地排入芝加哥河，城市的下一步正清理污染的河流。
【点拨2】do用来强调谓语动词
注意：do (does， did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，放在谓语动词前，同时把谓语动词改成原形，在句中要重读，译为“真的、的确、确实”等。
在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，有时可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的do可译为“千万，务必”等。
You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。
Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。
Please do sit down. 务必请坐下。
Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。
watch out
【原句回放】watch out for...
【点拨】watch out 注意，当心
watch out for ＝ look out for 密切注意，留神
Watch out! There is a car coming! 当心！有车来了！
Watch out for cars while crossing the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。
【拓展】近义短语
take care 留神，注意
be careful 仔细，留神
watch it 当心，小心
watch over 照看；看守
keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视
重点句型
“be to+动词原形”的用法
【原句回放】What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago...(P25)随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38亿至45亿年前……
【点拨】 “be to+动词原形”的用法
(1)表示按计划或安排要做的事。
When are you to leave for home?
你什么时候回家?
(2)表示命中注定要发生的事。
He was to become a pianist after so many years of hard work．
这么多年的艰苦训练之后他注定会成为一个钢琴家。
(3)表示“应该”，相当于should，ought to。
You are to report to the police．你应该报警。
(4)表示“必须”，相当于must，have to。
You are to finish your homework before you watch TV．
看电视之前你得先做完作业。
【拓展】
be about to do正要去做，常与when引导的状语从句连用。
whether的用法
【原句回放】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not．(P25)地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
【点拨】whether在本句中引导主语从句，该从句还可变为：whether the shape would last or not was not clear。
whether(...) or not还可用于其他的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)或状语从句中。
Tell me whether or not you’re interested．/Tell me whether you’re interested or not．
告诉我你有没有兴趣。
Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not，we’re playing football on Saturday．
无论下不下雨，我们星期六都将踢足球。
it作形式宾语
【原句回放】This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop．(P26)这就产生了连锁反应，使得生命有可能开始发展了。
【点拨】it作形式宾语
句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是life to develop，possible作宾语补足语。常用于此结构的词还有think，feel，find，consider等。构成：

He feels it his duty to help me．他觉得帮我是他的责任。
I find it pleasant to work with him. 我感觉与他一起工作很令人愉快。
I think it my honor to be invited to speak here. 应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。
【拓展】it代替的其它宾语
it除了代替不定式在句子作形式宾语，也可以代替动词-ing形式和宾语从句等。
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
那位教授认为不理解就读没有好处。
He found it no use arguing with him.
他发现与他争吵没有用处。
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
我们都认为会议竟然被取消真是遗憾的事。
巩固练习
基础测试
A. 单词拼写
请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式
1. What would happen if there were no __________ (大气层).
2. A bomb was _________ (爆炸) at a gas station this morning and five persons were killed.
3. The government is encouraging the ____________ (发展) of small businesses.
4. Fruit juices can be ________ (有害) to children’s teeth.
5. Because of the ________ (到场) of the famous football star, everyone cheered up.
6. (2018 广东广州执信中学期中) Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into ________ (exist).
7. The disease is s__________ quickly, so we must do what we can to stop it.
8. They were d___________ at the result of the game, so they looked unhappy.
9. I didn’t want to tell him the secret but he f_______ me to do so.
10. At first she didn’t like English but g__________ she is interested in it.
B. 句型转换
根据A句句义，完成B 句,使句义相同或相近。
11. A: Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets which go round the sun.
B: Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets _____ ______the sun.
12. A: They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen.
B: They multiplied and the first oceans and seas were _______ _______oxygen.
13. A: Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea.
B: Others, _______ _______called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea.
14. A: Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space.
B: Last month I was ______ ________ that I had a chance to make a trip into space.
15. A: We visited the moon in our spaceship.
B: We visited the moon _______ ________.
C. 完成句子
16. You will understand my kindness _______ _______ (最终).
17. What he said was quite _______ ________ _______ _______ _______ (与他做的不一样).
18. You are not allowed _______ ________ ________ ________ (在这里踢足球).
19. (2018 福建厦门期中) You needn’t work today. ____________ you are ill, you may have a rest at home.
20. (2018 广东广州执信中学期中) At the end of 2002 the deadly SARS virus _______ (爆发) in China, and for a few months, as dozens of people died, no one knew what it was or how to treat it.
单项填空
21. This painting is splendid, but ________ we actually need it is a different matter.
A. that　　　　B. what C. whether　　　 D. how
22. you like it or not, you'll have to give up smoking.
A. If B. Whether C. How D. Why
23. They don’t allow ______ here. That is to say, we are not allowed _____ here.
A. to smoke; to smoke B. smoking; smoking
C. to smoke; smoking D. smoking; to smoke
24. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received _________Christmas.
A. after B. in time C. in time for D. in no time
25. (2018 浙江温州十校期末) At 08：02 on April 20, when an earthquake ________ in Ya’an, I was leaving for my office.
A. broke down B. broke up C. broke out D. broke into
26. All made possible for China to succeed in carrying on its reforms and open-door policy.
A. what happened; it B. what happened; that C. that happened; it D. that happened; that
27. (2018 吉林省实验中学期末) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ________ and to drink less beer and wine.
A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking
29. The teacher as well as a number of students ______ to attend the party yesterday.
A. were asked B. was asked C. were asking D. was asking
30. We need to improve the of our new range of products.
A. look B. expression C. appearance D. outlook
31. Unless you ___________ nature, you are sure to be punished by nature.
A. go against B. go across C. go by D. go over
32. Some policemen were sent there to ___________ the villagers ___________ down the trees.
A. keep; cutting B. prevent; cutting C. prevent; to cut D. stop; to cut
33. I don’t believe that older people are always wiser. It _______ the person and what kind of experiences he or she has had.
A. requires of B. results from C. depends on D. belongs to
34. It’s no use trying to solve problems ________. Talks are the only solution.
A. by the way of war B. by force C. by communication D. by means
35. (2018 浙江金华十校期末) ________ the oil price has crashed, we need to be aware of that something similar could happen to our housing market.
A. Even if B. Only if C. Now that D. In case
完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。
When we were children, our grandfathers told us the river was called the Pool that Forgets because when anything falls into it, the pool forgets to send it to the 36 again. One time when we were no longer children and not yet man, we seized a hunting dog and took her to the Pool that Forgets. We 37 her into the pool, and we all 38 to see her come up. We waited from morning till evening but 39 never came up. We knew that the 40 had forgotten her.
But this particular day when we were 41 from the raid （袭击）, everyone had taken a trophy (猎获品) 42 my brother. Maybe that was why he was talking when we were whispering and why he 43 to sound as though he had no 44 . My brother was forced to walk behind us. That is — the position of honor and dishonor. As an honor, the 45 men are placed there to 46 us when we return, but sometimes those who have not shown the strength are placed there to be laughed at for 47 . I think my brother 48 this, because as we reached the pool, he ran 49 us. He stopped at the 50 to the gray rock above the pool and stood there with 51 trying to look stronger than he was.
“Heroes of the Only World!” he shouted, “Watch me. I am not 52 the Pool that Forgets.”
And with those words, he dived and 53 into the pool and we saw nothing more. We stared over edge of the 54 . Our eyes staring into the circle of terror (恐惧) produced by 55 .
36. A. surface B. bottom C. bank D. edge
37. A. put B. sent C. brought D. threw
38. A. decided B. waited C. promised D. agreed
39. A. he B. it C. she D. they
40. A. dog B. pool C. children D. me
41. A. setting out B. starting off C. moving on D. returning
42. A. besides B. including C. except D. more than
43. A. tried B. hoped C. learned D. stopped
44. A. worry B. fear C. courage D. wish
45. A. strongest B. weakest C. cleverest D. luckiest
46. A. save B. support C. satisfy D. protect
47. A. poverty B. mistake C. weakness D. carelessness
48. A. understood B. apologized C. guessed D. accepted
49. A. behind B. among C. before D. ahead of
50. A. surface B. edge C. top D. bottom
51. A. a simple B. anger C. pride D. pleasure
52. A. afraid of B. fond of C. proud of D. surprised at
53. A. dropped B. swam C. buried D. disappeared
54. A. pool B. rock C. my brother D. word
55. A. the bunting dog B. my brother C. the Pool that Forgets D. our grandfathers
答案解析
基础测试
A. 单词拼写
1. atmosphere 2. exploded 3. development 4. harmful 5. presence 6. existence
7. spreading 8.disappointed 9. forced 10. gradually
B. 句型转换
11. going round 12. filled with 13. which were 14. so lucky 15. by spaceship
C. 完成句子
16. in time 17. different from what he did 18. to play football here 19. Now that.
20. broke out
单项填空
21. 答案：C。选择名词性从句的连接词要从以下两点入手：1)连接词是否有词义；2)连接词是否在从句中担当句子成分。题干中的主语从句中，主语、谓语和宾语齐全，故排除B项；从句意来看，不需要方式状语，排除D项；从句意来看，该连接词表示“是否”的意思，故选C项。
22. 答案：B。 whether引导让步状语从句。
23. 答案：D。 allow后接动名词作宾语；接动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
24. 答案： C。in time (最终；及时)和in no time (立刻；马上)后不可接名词；after不符合句意和逻辑；in time for sth. /to do sth.的意思是“来得及；及时”：Will we be in time for the six o’clock train?我们来得及赶上六点的那趟火车吗？
25. C。句意：四月20日08：02，当地震在雅安发生时，我正要去上班。根据句意，选C。break out （战争，灾难等突然）爆发；break down 出故障，感情失控，衰落下去；break up 结束，破碎；break into 强行闯入。
26. 答案：C。 all应该接that引导的定语从句，排除A、B项；依据 “make + it +adj. /n.+ to do sth. / that-clause”确定答案为C。句意为：所有发生的这一切使中国能够继续贯彻改革开放的政策。
27.答案：B。句意：出国旅行对这对老夫妻来说当然是好的，但是仍然要看他们是否喜欢。remain意为“依然”，后接动词不定式表示将来的动作。remain to be seen意为“尚待分晓，有待观望”。因此选B
28.答案：A。此句用了encourage sb. to do结构，且有三个并列的动词不定式短语：to eat …, not to smoke, to drink …。句意是：要鼓励人们吃保健食品，不要吸烟，要少喝啤酒与白酒。
29.答案：B 。从句意可知，该句应该用被动语态，排除C、D项； A as well as B; A together B; A besides B; A rather than B; A including B等结构后所跟的谓语动词在人称和数上应与A保持一致。故选B。
30.答案：C。 句意为：我们需要提高新产品的外包装。
31. 答案：C。此题A项干扰性较强，如果用go against，必须将unless换成if。go against意为“违反”；go by sth.意为“遵循（或依照）某事物”、“以某事物来判断”。正确答案为C。unless you go by nature =if you don’t go by nature。
32. 答案：B。keep doing 使处于……状态，prevent… (from)doing 阻止……做某事儿。stop… to do …停下来去做另一件事儿。句子的意思是：“派一些警察去那儿阻止村民砍伐树木”。故选B
33. 答案：C。全句意思为：我并不相信年龄大的人总是英明的，这取决于人以及他或她的经历。
34. 答案：B。 way之前用介词in表示“用……方法”，排除A项；如果选用C项，句意与后一句不一致；故选B，　by force意为：通过武力；强行。
35. 答案：C。句意：既然石油价格都崩溃了，我们需要知道同样的事情也可能发生在我们的房屋交易上。根据句意，应选C。now that 既然；even if 即使；only if 如果……就好了；in case 万一。
三、完形填空
36. A。指水面。
37. D。根据意思是把它扔到水里的。
38. B。从结构和意义上看都应选此答案。
39. C。 she和her人称一致。
40. B。根据第一句话可以推断出答案是C
41. D。从后文看他们在返回的途中。
42. C。 从后面他的表现看，他没有猎取到任何东西。
43. A。努力装出有胆量的样子
44. B。 弟弟竭力装出有胆量的样子。
45. A。 最强壮的人在后面以防后面有野兽袭击。
46. D。在后面的目的是保护我们
47. C。因为胆小被嘲笑
48. A。根据意思弟弟是知道把他放在后面的意思的
49. D。 弟弟理解这一点，把他放在后面是因为嘲笑他，所以他突然跑到前面。
50. B。根据意思只能是边上，不可能是其他的。
51. C。 with pride意为“自豪”的。
52. A。因为他显示出了他的勇敢所以不害怕了。
53. D。根据意思是潜入水中然后消失了
54. B。根据第50空的信息应该是B
55. C。前后照应，恐惧的看着最后验证的结果。