（人教版）高中英语必修3：unit 4 Astronomy_the science of the stars话题语言应用--“天文”写作练习

话题语言应用 -- 天文
语言积累
交际用语
指示（Instructions）
Please pay attention to … 请注意……
Please check that … 请检查一下……
Please look at… 请看……
Make sure that… 要确保……
Don’t forget to … 不要忘了……
Watch out for… 小心……
You need… 你需要……
You’d better… 你最好……
You must/mustn’t… 你一定/绝不能……
话题词句
【探秘天文学 走进宇宙】
What interests you in astronomy?
How much do you know about the stars around us?

1. Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies (such as the sun, the moon, and stars), gas, and dust within it. 天文学指对宇宙和天体（如太阳、月球和恒星）、气体和其中的尘埃的科学研究。
2. In our solar system there are eight planets circling around the sun. 太阳系有八大行星环绕太阳旋转。
3. Total lunar eclipse 月全食 Total solar eclipse 日全食 Meteor rain 流星雨 Comet 彗星
4. Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth.
Pangu separated the sky 盘古开天 Nvwa created humans 女娲造人
God created the world 上帝创世论
5. Pangu separates the sky from the earth 盘古开天地
The sky and the earth were at first one blurred (模糊，迷离) entity (实体) like an egg. Pangu was born into it. The separation of the sky and the earth took 18,000 years — the yang (阳) which was light and pure rose to become the sky, and the yin (阴) which was heavy and murky sank to form the earth. Between them was Pangu, who went through nine changes every day, his wisdom, greater than that of the sky and his ability greater than that of the earth. Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller. Another 18,000 years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall Pangu. Then came the Three Emperors (the Emperor of the Sky, the Emperor of the Earth, the Emperor of the Men.)
So these numbers came into existence and evolve (进化) like this. The number begins with one, becomes established at three, is completed at five, prospers (繁荣) at seven, and ends in nine. So the sky is ninety thousand li from the earth.
6. The Biblical Account 圣经的叙述
"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said...."
Day 1 : God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night
Day 2 : God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean
Day 3 : God spoke and created dry land
Day 4 : God spoke and created the sun, moon, and stars
Day 5 : God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea
Day 6 : God spoke and created the land animals and man
Day 7 : God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy
7. Humans and the earth 人类与地球
（2018 浙江模拟）
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal (白天的) creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth— is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
拓展阅读
Astronomy
In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments.
First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a perfect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels.
They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky.
By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, that's the plural of the world stadium.
Today, it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let's say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums.
This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.
写作运用
写作指导
看图作文
看图作文也叫做图画式作文，是一种常见的高考题型。它是指根据图画所提供的信息写一篇短文，或叙述一件事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。一般性图画式作文都包含六个要点：时间、地点、人物、事件、过程、结果。这些要点往往是缺一不可的，否则整篇文章就不完整。
看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，再根据这些要点谋篇布局。
一、看图作文的考查特点
1．命制思路特点
看图作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能概括图画所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。
2．能力表现特点
看图作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力，丰富的想象力、严谨的逻辑思维能力、冷静的分析能力，以及最终将以上能力综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。
3．语言表达特点
表达准确，过渡自然。看图作文行文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句，段与段之间的意思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。
二、看图作文的写作步骤
1．仔细审题，确定要点
2．紧扣要点，组句成篇
3．表达准确，过渡自然
4．规范书写，检查润色
写作典例
美国中学生Jeff将要到你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。
/
注意：1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好；
2．词数不少于60。
Dear Jeff，
My name is Li Hua. I’m from Beijing Hongxing Middle School .I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
案例分析
1．认真审题，确定人称和时态
通过阅读题目，我们可以确定：此文的体裁是说明文，须用第一人称，时态主要用一般现在时，同时，也可适当使用一般将来时。
2．挖掘材料，列出要点和提纲
要认真观察每幅图片，同时还要注意参考词汇、图中所给的文字提示，准确而全面地理解图片大意。通过观察图片，我们可以知道这是一篇介绍“红星中学学习生活以及Jeff寄宿房间的布局”的说明文。此题可以归纳出以下四个要点：(1)寄宿你家以及房间的布局；(2)从你家到红星中学的距离以及上学的方式；(3)学生食堂；(4)课后娱乐活动。
根据要点，拟出以下提纲：
①provide you with a room
②a room with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV；have your own bathroom
③the school is close to our home；go to school together by bike
④have lunch at the school dining hall；talk with friends over lunch
⑤finish classes at 4 in the afternoon
⑥join other students in playing ball games or swimming
3．选用句式，连词成句巧成文
根据文章体裁的不同适当补充时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果等细节扩展句式；恰当地使用一些具有承上启下作用的过渡性词汇或过渡句；适当调整句子顺序，使文章语言简练、连贯、流畅。
(1)We will provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV.
(2)Our school is quite close to our home .We could go to school together by bike.
(3)We will have lunch at the school dining hall.
(4)You will like the delicious Chinese food and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.
(5)Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.
(6)You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming.
(7)We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
4．认真核查，注意语言的连贯和得体
要做到“四查”：
(1)查句式。看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确等。
(2)查动词。看谓语动词的时态、语态是否正确，主谓是否一致，非谓语动词形式是否正确等。
(3)查习语、搭配。看是否符合英语表达习惯。
(4)查拼写、词数。看拼写是否有误、词数是否合适。
高分范文
Dear Jeff，
My name is Li Hua. I’m from Beijing Hongxing Middle School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
While you are here，we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV set. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home，so we could go to school together by bike At noon we’ll have lunch at the school dining hall .I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming. It’ll be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests，please let me know .We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
针对训练
Sample 1
你们学校在征集改善道路交通状况的文章，请你根据题目要求及下面图画的内容提示，为学校的壁报写一篇稿件，谈谈你对交通状况的思考。
注意：1.词数不少于120；
2．应包括图画中的全部内容：
3．标题与开头已为你写好；
4．参考词汇：行人 pedestrian；人行横道 zebra crossing；隔离护栏 divider。
/
What’s Wrong with Them?
Take a look at the road conditions of today. Something must be wrong with today’s people. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
What’s Wrong with Them?
Take a look at the road conditions of today. Something must be wrong with today’s people. Quite a few pedestrians and cyclists behave as if there were no traffic rules at all. They cross roads anywhere as they like，even though there are zebra crossings just a few yards away .Some even put themselves at risk taking short cuts by climbing dividers in the middle of roads. Many drivers act like F1 racers on the highways. They drive at considerable speeds without care. They usually speed through zebra crossings，even when pedestrians are there. When there is a red light at an intersection，pedestrians or cyclists never tend to pause or stop. They all forget where they are. Sometimes there are some crazy people driving on the roads without driving licenses，or worse，drink and drive，which can make the road into a bloody battle field.
Why do such things happen? In my opinion，it is just due to their lack of moral duty that people ignore various traffic rules，road safety，or even the lives of others. This leads to their bad and reckless behavior，which makes the traffic conditions go from bad to worse. It is believed that something should be done to improve the whole situation. Then road safety won’t be a problem and traffic conditions won’t be a bother to us anymore.
Sample 2
（2018 北京朝阳期末）
假设你是红星中学高三的学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍上周你和几位同学参加学校组织的“趣味制作”活动的完整过程，并以“Our Wonderful Little Production”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：航模飞机 model airplane
/
参考范文
Our Wonderful Little Production.
Last week we held a production-making activity in our school.
On Monday afternoon, my classmates and I had a discussion and we decided to make a model airplane to take part in the activity. During the following days we made full preparations after class. First we did some design work. Every one of us put forward ideas on how to make our plane fly high and steadily. According to the design, we bought necessary materials and began to work on it. Although it was really a hard job, we all did it with great enthusiasm. Two days later, a beautiful model airplane was born. On Friday afternoon, we flew our model airplane on the playground. Many students came to watch with great interest and they all spoke highly of our work.
We were really satisfied and felt proud of ourselves. What an exciting experience!
单元话题作文
Sample 1
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
30%的同学认为
70%的同学认为
1. 不值得探索
2. 离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远
3. 浪费金钱，这些金钱本可用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题
1. 值得探索
2. 已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报
3. 有望解决地球人口问题、地球能源短缺问题
参考范文：
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring.
30% of the students think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.
On the other hand, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also, space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.
Sample 2
（2018 湖北武汉华中师大一附中期中）
我校英语社拟邀请一位国际知名人士到校举办讲座，现就受邀嘉宾向全校学生广泛征求意见，假设你是李华，请在三位备选嘉宾（one of the world’s billionaires, an astronaut, a volunteer of WWF）中推荐一位并给英语社社长写一封信表达你的想法，内容应包括：
1、推荐该嘉宾的理由（至少两条）；
2、你期待的讲座内容（至少两条）。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100 词；
2. 无须写出推荐嘉宾姓名；
3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
4. 开头语已为你写好。
Dear Sir,
It is such exciting news that the English club is to invite a world renowned figure to give us a lecture. _____________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Sir,
It is such exciting news that the English club is to invite a world renowned figure to give us a lecture. If I could recommend one, I would go for an experienced astronaut who has once set foot on another planet or lived and worked in a space station.
Since childhood, nothing has made me more fascinated than the blinking stars in the sky. Staring into the deep universe, I’m always left puzzled by the unknown heavens and I expect no one else can better explain the mysteries of the outer space than an astronaut. Besides, an astronaut’s experience is bound to inspire creativity and passion for astronomy in us young generations. Thus, it would be a crime not to follow an astronaut’s lecture if we had a chance.
As for the speech content, what I am most curious about is the potential of discovering unknown life forms on other planets. The question of how astronauts carry out their daily routines in weak gravity appeals to me as well.
I would appreciate your kind consideration of my requests. Looking forward to the lecture actually taking place.
Yours respectfully,
Li Hua
巩固练习
单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
1．There is still ________ who said he was ________ to reach the top of the mountain besides these two people．
A．a third one；the first B．the third one；the first
C．the third one；first D．a third one；first
2．（2018 浙江杭州二中期中）On April Fools’ Day, Westerners play tricks on each other on the basis of the rule for the jokes: they ________ be fun and ________ hurt anyone’s feelings.
A. should; oughtn’t B. can; mustn’t C. must; shouldn’t D. need; couldn’t
3．He is such a lazy boy as always ________ his room dirty．
A．keeps B．remains C．leaves D．gets
4．________ and sad，Alice stood there and couldn’t help bursting into tears．
A．Shocking B．Shocked C．To be shocking D．To be shocked
5．Unless all his demands were ________，he would refuse to sign the agreement，he insisted．
A．met B．permitted C．allowed D．replied
6．With so many people communicating in English every day，________ will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English．
A．it B．which C．that D．what
7．There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely，________ she was an only child．
A．ever since B．now that C．even though D．even as
8．This book is written in ________ easy English as beginners can understand．
A．such B．so C．rather D．fairly
9．The traffic in the city was ________ today，so Mary got home earlier than usual．
A．heavy B．weak C．scare D．light
10．Strong typhoons hit this area very ________．Normally，they form and come here between July and August every year．
A．generally B．regularly C．usually D．suddenly
11．________ helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising．
A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
12．He knew he could ________ her to deal with the situation．
A．depend on B．take off C．set up D．break out
13．________，dear! Things won’t be as bad as you think．There certainly will be chance for you．
A．Wake up B．Look up C．Cheer up D．Give up
14．Do as the Romans do and ________ your manners when in a strange country．
A．keep B．share C．notice D．mind
15．This job is _______ doing, but isn't ______ to spend so much time on it.
A. worth; worth B. worth; worthwhile
C. worthwhile; worth D. worthwhile; worthwhile
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
Sometimes，I doubted if there was any love between my parents．Every day they were 16 earning money．They didn’t 17 in the romantic 18 that I read in books．For them，“I love you”was too luxurious(奢侈)．When he was 19 working，my father had a bad temper．
One day，my mother was 20 a quilt．I sat beside her and looked at her．“Mom，I have a question to ask you，”I said．
“ 21 is it?”she replied．
“Is there any love between you and Dad?”I asked 22 ．My mother stopped her work and raised her head with 23 in her eyes．She didn’t answer immediately． 24 she continued her work．
I was very 25 because I thought I had 26 her．But at last，my mother said 27 ，“Susan，look at this thread．Sometimes it is 28 ，but most of it disappears into the quilt．The thread really makes the quilt strong．If life is a 29 ，then love should be a thread．It can hardly be 30 anywhere，but it’s really there．Love is inside．”I listened carefully but I didn’t 31 her until the next spring when my father became seriously ill．My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month．
After they were back，every day in the morning，my mother 32 my father to walk slowly along the country road．My father had never been so gentle．The doctor had said my father would 33 in two months．But after two months he still couldn’t walk by himself．
“Dad．how are you feeling now?”I asked him one day．
“Susan，don’t worry about me，”he said gently．“To tell you the truth，I just like 34 with your mom．”Reading his eyes，I knew he 35 my mother a lot．
16．A．interested in B．busy in C．devoted to D．used to
17．A．act B．work C．live D．speak
18．A．times B．spaces C．ways D．thoughts
19．A．back from B．late for C．kept from D．tired from
20．A．washing B．sewing C．spreading D．folding up
21．A．How B．Why C．Where D．What
22．A．immediately B．carefully C．in a low voice D．in a romantic tune
23．A．sorrow B．fear C．excitement D．surprise
24．A．But B．Then C．Therefore D．Thus
25．A．sorry B．anxious C．sad D．terrified
26．A．interested B．embarrassed C．puzzled D．troubled
27．A．clearly B．sadly C．attentively D．thoughtfully
28．A．inside B．visible C．short D．long
29．A．thread B．quilt C．family D．home
30．A．seen B．felt C．kept D．got
31．A．misunderstand B．understand C．complain of D．agree with
32．A．asked B．sent C．helped D．supported
33．A．recover B．walk C．work D．satisfy
34．A．living B．staying C．being busy D．walking
35．A．loved B．understood C．admired D．depended on
阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
The man who brings my milk used to knock for his money for the week’s milk while I was eating breakfast on Saturday morning．Just lately he has been arriving before I get up．Workforce shortages mean that four men are sharing five rounds，so he has to start earlier．
Delivering milk to people’s homes is hardly good business，especially when the customer may have a choice of two or three firms serving a single road．In spite of my local difficulties，however，labor troubles are not as great as a few years ago．There are enough men prepared to make an early morning start for the sake of an open-air job with a fair measure of freedom．If they did stop calling，women would find it hard work to collect all the milk they need from self-service stores．Dairies(乳品业) know that stopping deliveries in the United States resulted in falling sales．
Marketing ideas have included introducing extra lines，in addition to dairy products，which the milkmen can carry to increase business．One dairyman said，“It won’t be long before the milkman delivers more bread than milk．”Some milkmen deliver potatoes，and it seems as though variety will be limited only by the size of the trucks．
So the milkman is likely to remain a familiar figure，and the dairy products he sells are unlikely to change very much in this decade．Flavored milk is popular on the Continent．In Britain those who like it buy plain milk and add their own flavoring．Even the returnable bottle continues to be used．As long as it has a reasonable life—30 to 40 trips are usual—the cost of collection and cleaning is worthwhile．
36．The milkmen now start earlier on their delivery rounds than before because ________．
A．there is an increasing demand for milk delivery
B．they hope to reach the customers’ home in time
C．they have to collect the money for the week’s milk house to house
D．dairies are short of deliverymen and the companies worry about falling sales
37．Why are there enough men prepared to make an early morning start?
A．Because they can enjoy a certain amount of freedom in the fresh air．
B．Because they like working outdoors and breathing the air freely．
C．Because they can enjoy a great amount of freedom outdoors．
D．Because they like walking freely in the flesh air．
38．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．One of the marketing ideas is variety．
B．The milkman now delivers more bread than milk．
C．Milkmen have taken over many rounds given up by bakeries．
D．Some milkmen deliver potatoes in addition to dairy products．
39．According to the passage，in this decade ________．
A．milkmen will disappear very soon
B．flavored milk will become popular in Britain
C．people will buy milk from self-service stores
D．there will be little change in the dairy business
40．It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
A．the British people seldom buy plain milk
B．the returnable bottles are no longer used
C．collection and cleaning of the returnable bottles cost nothing
D．the returnable bottles won’t be thrown away until they are used dozens of times
B
I was horn in Tuckahoe，Talbot Country，Maryland．I have no accurate(准确的) knowledge of my age，never having sun any record containing it．By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs，and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant(不知情的)．I do not remember having ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday．They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time，harvesting，springtime，or autumn time．A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood．The white children could tell their ages，but I could not tell．Why the same right ought to be taken away from me! I was not allowed to ask my master about it．He considered all such questions on the part of a slave improper and impolite．The nearest estimate(估计) I can live makes．me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age．I come to this，from hearing my master say，some time during 1835，I was about seventeen years old．My mother was named Harriet Bailey．She was the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey，both colored，and quite dark．
My father was a white man．The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father；but of the correctness of this opinion，I know nothing and I have no means to know．My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant—before I knew her as my mother．It is a common custom，in the part of Maryland from which I ran away，to part children from their mothers at a very early age．Frequently，before the child has reached its twelfth month，its mother is taken from it，and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off，and the child is placed under the care of an older woman，too old for field labor．
41．It can be learned from the text that ________．
A．the slaves forgot the exact time when they were horn
B．the writer didn’t know whether his master was his father
C．the writer was about twenty-seven years old in 1835
D．the writer's mother left him as soon as he was born
42．The underlined word“it” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________．
A．their birthdays B．my age C．a record D．Maryland
43．According to the passage，when the writer was very young his mother ________．
A．ran away B．was light-skinned C．had several children D．was sent to work elsewhere
44．The author was most probably raised ________．
A．by his grandparents
B．by an old woman slave
C．with his master’s support
D．together with other children
45．How does the writer feel about not knowing his age?
A．Curious． B．Unhappy． C．Astonished． D．Ashamed．
C
Speeding off in a stolen ear，the thief thinks he has got a great catch．But he is in for an unwelcome surprise．The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer(远程控制器) and a radio signal from a control center miles away will make sure that once the thief turns the engine off，he will not be able to start it again．
The idea goes like this．A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cell phone，a micro-processor and memory and a GPS satellite positioning receiver．If the car is stolen，a coded(编码的) cell phone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted．
In the UK，a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves．“The pattern of vehicle crime has changed，”says Martyr Randall，a security expert．He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car，using a minimum of tools，but only if the car is more than 10 years old．
Modern cars are far tougher to steal，as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition(点火) key．In the UK，technologies like this have helped to achieve a 31% drop in vehicle crime since 1997．
But determined thieves are still managing to find other ways to steal cars，often by getting hold of the owner's keys．And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system．
If the car travels 100 meters without the driver conforming(一致) the ID，the system will send a signal to an operation center that it has been stolen．The 100-meter minimum avoids false alarm because of some possible errors of the GPS signal．
Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep the police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit．
46．What’s the fun_ction of the remote immobilizer fitted to the car?
A．To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief．
B．To order the car to lock automatically when stolen．
C．To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops．
D．To send a radio signal to inform the car owner of the theft．
47．The underlined sentence“The pattern of vehicle crime has changed” suggests that ________．
A．it takes less time for the car thief to do the stealing
B．many self-prepared tools can be used for car theft
C．the theft becomes more difficult because of modem technology
D．the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old
48．________ is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal．
A．A micro-processor B．A special ID code
C．A special cell phone D．A GPS satellite positioning receiver
49．Why does the tracking system set a 100-meter minimum before sending an alarm to the operation center?
A．To leave time for the operation center to give an alarm．
B．To keep the police informed of the car’s movement．
C．To give the driver time to contact the operation center．
D．To allow for possible mistakes in the GPS system．
50．What will the operation center do first after receiving an alarm?
A．Start the tracking system． B．Stop the engine．
C．Contact the owner． D．Locate the missing car．
D
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments—mostly for entertainment purposes—is fair and respectful?
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals．However，most zoos remain “collection” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats(栖息地)．Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored，lonely，and far from their natural homes．
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species，but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior，intelligence，or beauty．Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages，and most signs only mention the species’ name，diet，and natural range．The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take card of the animals’ natural needs．
The animals are kept together in small spaces，with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise．This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis．A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages．Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars，and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth，a sign of unhappiness and pain．
Furthermore，most animals in zoos are not endangered．Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats，Asian elephants，and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild．Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species(物种) dying out．In fact，baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers．Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
Actually，we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them．Instead of supporting zoos，we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats．
51．How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?
A．Dangerous． B．Unhappy． C．Natural． D．Simple．
52．In the state of zoochosis．animals ________ according to the passage．
A．remain in cages B．behave strangely
C．often attack other animals D．enjoy walking around
53．What does the author try to argue in the passage?
A．Zoos are not worth the public support．
B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals．
C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings．
D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment．
54．The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by ________．
A．pointing out the faults in what zoos do
B．giving examples of animals in the wild
C．questioning the way animals live
D．discussing the advantages of natural habitats
55．Although he is against zoos，the author would still admit that ________．
A．zoos have to keep animals in small cages
B．most animals in zoos are endangered species
C．some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos
D．it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats
语法填空（10分）
（2018 福建厦门翔安一中期中）
No one knows exactly 1______ the earth began. According to a widely accepted theory, the earth began with a “Big Bang”, 2_______ exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases, 3________ (make) the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed 4________ the surface. It was the presence of water 5________ allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, which made 6_______ possible for life to develop. First, the appearance of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. 7________were followed by land animals. So reptiles appeared for the first time. Later, dinosaurs developed. 8_________, they suddenly disappeared. After that, mammals came into being. Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making the earth too hot 9____________ (live) on. So, whether life will continue on the earth will depend on 10________this problem can be solved.
短文改错 (共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2018 四川眉山市期末)
下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1、每句不超过两个错误；
2、每处错误及其修改均限一词；
3、只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Ladies and gentlemen,
May I have your attentions, please? Now we are looking for the passenger, Mr. White, he is from America. And he is now leaving Beijing to America by Flight 748. Because we are told that Mr. White had left his passport as good as his wallet in Friendship Hotel. The manager of the hotel has just telephoned tell us about it. The manager has been sent his secretary to take the passport and wallet here, and she will come soon. Will Mr. White go to the gate of our airport to wait for you passport and wallet? She will arrive in about ten minutes.
书面表达（满分20分）
（2018 湖北部分重点中学期中）
请根据所给材料，完成写作任务。
1.火星上有生命吗？不知道，我们能成功登上火星吗？那完全取决于科学技术的发展。
2.目前为止，我们虽然对火星有点了解，但根本不够。这影响我们在那里生活。
3.既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星，我们就要带上氧气，食物，衣服。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2.词汇: depend on, prevent from, now that
答案解析：
单项填空
1．A 句意：除了这两个人以外，还有一个人说他是第一个到达山顶的。不定冠词放在序数词前不表示次序，而表示“又一，再一”的意思；而定冠词放在序数词前表次序。
2．C 句意：在愚人节，西方人彼此捉弄要遵守开玩笑的规则：必须有趣，不能伤害任何一方的感情。根据句意，表示必须做和不应该做的事，选C。
3．C 句意：他那样懒惰以至于总是让自己的房间脏乱。在as引导的定语从句中需要填入一个有使役用法的动词，因B项为系动词故不选。keep使……处于某种状态，使继续进行；leave使……处于某种状态；get使，促使。根据题中a lazy boy可知答案为C。
4．B 句意：既震惊又悲伤，Alice站在那里禁不住放声大哭。shocked表示“状态”，与sad一起作伴随状语。
5．A 句意：他坚持除非他所有的要求得到满足，否则他拒绝签协议。meet(=satisfy) one’s demand，wishes，conditions，needs，etc．某人的要求、愿望、条件、需要等得到满足；其他三个选项不符合本句要求。
6．A 句意：有那么多人每天用英语交流，所以掌握好英语将变得越来越重要。it作形式主语，to have a good knowledge of English为真正的主语。
7．C 句意：尽管凯特是独生女，但她从未感到过孤独。even though / if即使；纵然；尽管。又如：Even if I have to walk all the way，I’ll get there．即使我得一路走着，我也要到那里去。
8．A 句意：此书是用初学者都能懂的如此简单的英语撰写的。本题考查such...as...结构，such修饰后面的名词短语easy English，后面的as引导定语从句，修饰English。由后面的as可直接排除C、D两项，so后面需加形容词或副词，不能加像easy English这样的名词短语，故被排除。
9．D 句意：今天城里车辆较少，因此玛丽比平时早些到家。traffic常被形容词heavy或light．修饰，故排除B、C两项，light 不拥堵的、少量的、比平常或预计少的。由句意可知选D。
10．B 句意：强台风袭击这个地区非常有规律。一般情况下，它们都是在每年七、八月份形成并来到这里。根据题干中第二句内容，可知本空应填regularly。regularly有规律的，定期的，定时的；generally普遍地，广泛地；usually与usual同源，因此与“习惯”有关。
11．D whoever引导主语从句。
12．A 句意：他知道他可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
13．C 从语境看，要表达的是“你还有机会”。所以前面是鼓励的话。振作起来，事情不像你想得那么糟糕。
14．D 句意：入乡随俗，到了一个陌生国家要有礼貌。mind your manners—to be careful about what you say or how you behave so that you do not offend anyone。
15．B be worth doing 某事值得去做；it is worthwhile to do sth. 值得做某事。句意：这份工作值得做，但是花如此多的时间在上面是不值得的。
完形填空
[语篇解读]在孩子眼中，父母之间的爱是苍白的。殊不知，父母之间无言的爱是爱的一种最高境界。
16．B be busy(in) doing sth．/be busy with sth．忙着做某事；be devoted to sth．/doing sth．致力于(做)某事。
17．A act举动，表现。speak包括在act之内。
18．C in...ways用……的方式。times时代，时期。space一般为不可数名词。thought想法。
19．D 人太累的时候，心情往往不好。be tired from因……而疲惫；be tired of...对……厌烦，厌倦。
20．B 根据后文中的thread和disappears into the quilt可知，母亲正在缝被子。动词sew有“缝”的意思。fold up折叠起来。
21．D 题干的意思是“什么问题”。
22．C 因为问父母之间的私事，作者小心谨慎，故用in a low voice。
23．D 母亲显然没有料到“我”会这样问她，因此是surprise。
24．B then承接前后两个句子；but表转折；therefore和thus表因果关系。
25．A 作者自认为说到母亲的痛处，深感后悔，所以用sorry。
26．B embarrass使……尴尬。母亲的默不作声使作者认为自己的话使母亲难为情。
27．D thoughtfully意味深长地。通过下文母亲的话，可知母亲经过了一番思考。
28．B 和disappear(消失)相反的情况是visible(看得见的)，由but可知前后两句应是转折关系。
29．B 既然把爱比作线，那么生活应该是被子。
30．A 线在被子上时隐时现，意味着生活中的爱并不时时被看见。
31．B 作者眼中的爱应是外在的，从语言、行为能看得见的一种情感。因此对母亲关于爱的解说，有点不理解。
32．C 父亲不能自己走路，母亲常常帮助他散步，support只强调“支撑”，未能体现出母亲是为了帮助父亲散步。
33．A 母亲每天帮父亲散步，就是为了使父亲能够recover。父亲原来不是不会走路，walk是错误的。
34．D 没有恢复的原因源于父亲对母亲的依恋。此话出自父亲之口，使“我”对父母之间的爱有了一个全新的认识。
35．A 父亲的话使作者顿悟，父亲对母亲的爱如此之深。
阅读理解 A
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了送奶工的工作方便了人们的生活，但由于乳品业劳动力缺乏，公司担心乳制品的销售量会下降。
36．D 事实细节题。从文章的第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知乳品业缺少劳动力，公司担心乳制品的销售量会下降。
37．C 事实细节题。从第二段第三句可得出答案。
38．B 事实判断题。从第三段第二句可知，不久以后送奶工送面包比送牛奶多，而不是现在。
39．D 细节理解题。从最后一段的第一句可知，在英国牛奶公司不会对其现在生产的产品作太大的改变。
40．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知牛奶瓶可使用三四十次。
B
[语篇解读] 作者通过本文想告诉读者自己的大概年龄和身世。
41．B 从文章第二段前两句可以看出。
42．A 由文章第一段第三、四句可知。
43．D 文末说到，在孩子长到十二个月大之前，小孩的母亲被带到别的农场干活。
44．B 从文章的最后一句可推知。
45．B 文章第一段中间说：“A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood．”由此可知B正确。
C
[语篇解读] 本篇介绍了安有高科技防盗系统的汽车。再高明的小偷看过此篇文章后，也不免会大跌眼镜。
46．C 从第一段最后一句话...once the thief turns the engine off．he will not be able：t0 start it again可知答案。
47．C 由第三段第一句话中的...a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves可知答案。
48．B 由倒数第二段第一句话...the system will send a signal to an operation center that it has been stolen可知对小偷来说，最致命的一招当属a special ID code。
49．D 由倒数第二段最后一句话...because of some possible errors of the GPS signal可得出答案。
50．C 由最后一段Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm...可得出答案。
D
[语篇解读] 动物园美其名日：保护动物。但真正起到保护作用了吗?
51．B 由第四段第二句中This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior和最后一句中a sign of unhappiness and pain得出答案。
52．B 由第四段第二句中unusual and self-destructive可知答
案。remain in cages和题干不相干；enjoy walking around和原文不相符；often attack other animals未提及。
53．A 本文作者在最后一段明确提出Instead of supposing zoos，we should support groups...动物园的行为看似保护动物，实际上却给动物带来了伤害。
54．A 作者在文中使用了大量的篇幅分析并指出了动物园对其中的动物的种种不利，目的在于使读者认同他在最后一段中提出的观点。
55．C 由倒数第二段最后三句话可得出答案。
语法填空
1. how 2.which 3. making 4. on 5. that 6. it 7. They 8. However 9. to live 10. whether
短文改错
Ladies and gentlemen,
May I have your attentions, please? Now we are looking for the passenger, Mr. White, attention a
he is from America. And he is now leaving Beijing to America by Flight 748. Because we are told
who for
that Mr. White had left his passport as good as his wallet in Friendship Hotel. The manager
has well
of the hotel has just telephoned ∧ tell us about it. The manager has been sent his secretary
to
to take the passport and wallet here, and she will come soon. Will Mr. White go to the gate
bring
of our airport to wait for you passport and wallet? She will arrive in about ten minutes.
your
书面表达
We don’t know whether there is life on Mars. Can we land on Mars successfully? That all depends on the development of science and technology. Until now we have known a little about Mars, but that’s not enough. There is almost no oxygen on Mars. It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars is quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing as well shelter.