Unit 5 What are the shirts made of Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c) 优学案（含答案）

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?
Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c)
【学习目标】
1．掌握单词：Germany，surface，material，traffic，postman，cap，glove。
2．根据所学内容，进一步掌握一般现在时的主动语态与被动语态。
3．通过开展小组学习活动，培养协作意识。
【重点和难点】
学会灵活运用主动语态和被动语态及其变化规律。
【课前预习】
一. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．English ________ (learn) as a foreign language in most of Chinese schools.
2．Usually, my homework _______ (not do) in the afternoon.
3．Computers ________ (not sell) well in that shop.
4．Is our school ________ (visit) by many people every day?
5．Usually, shirts and ties ________ (give) to fathers as gifts on Father's Day.
二. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
6．They don't make this kind of watch in Beijing.(改为被动语态)
This kind of watch __________ __________ by them in Beijing.
7．The bike is mended by Uncle Li．(对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ the bike mended by?
8．The trees are watered by them once a week.(改为主动语态)
________ _________ the trees once a week.
9．Does she often look after the old woman？(改为被动语态)
_________ the old woman often __________ after by her?
10．Tea is grown in the south of China.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ tea __________ in the south of China?
【合作探究】
探究一、浏览课本P150，了解动词语态相关知识。
动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：_______语态和________语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的_______，被动语态表示的主语是动作的________。
探究二、 仔细观察下列例句，试着总结被动语态在一般现在时中的句式结构。
1）Rice _________ __________ in southern China. 大米在中国南方被种植。
Paper__________ ____________ from wood. 纸是用木头制造的。
The Olympic Games __________ __________ every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。
总结：一般现在时的被动语态的陈述句结构：主语+__________+动词的________ 形式+（其他）.
e.g. The shirts （make）of cotton.
Tea plants (grow) on the sides of mountains.
2）The room ________________ every day. 这个房间不是每天被打扫的。
I _________________ because of the different language.
我因为语言不同而不被理解。
The animals _________________ everyday. 动物们每天都没有被很好地照顾。
总结：一般现在时的被动语态的否定句结构：主语+_______ +_______+动词的 ____ 形式+其他.
e.g. I _________________ (not allow) to go out with friends on school nights.
Many students ________________ (not give) chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.
3）_________ Lily ___________ in the news? Lily在那则新闻中被提到了吗？
—Yes, she is.是的。/ No, she isn’t. 不是。
_________ I _________ at a nice seat? 我被安排到了好位子上吗？
—Yes, you are.是的。/ No, you aren’t. 不是。
_________ you ___________ by the students? 学生能听清楚你的话吗？
—Yes, I am. 是的。 / No, I am not. 不是。
总结：一般现在时的被动语态的一般疑问句结构：________+主语+动词的______ 形式+（其他）？
肯定回答：Yes, ________+_________ 否定回答：No, ________+_________
e.g. Are tea plants grown on the sides of mountains?
Yes, _______ ________. No, ________ _______
Is the classroom cleaned by students every day?
Yes, _______ ________. No, _______ ________
4）________ the model plane _________ __________?
________ _________ tea _________ in China?
_________ __________ tea __________?
总结：一般现在时的被动语态的特殊疑问句结构：
______ + +主语+动词的 ____
探究三、语法精讲
一般现在时的被动语态
1．语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用于说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态中的执行者可由介词by引出。如：
Lots of students love this English song.许多学生喜爱这首英文歌曲。(主动语态，句子的主语lots of students是动作love的执行者)
→This English song is loved by lots of students.(被动语态，句子的主语this English song是动作love的承受者)
2．一般现在时的被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，其中的助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态的各种句式如下：
句式
构成
例句
肯定句
主语＋am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词(＋其他)
English is widely used all over the world.
否定句
主语＋am/is/are＋not＋及物动词的过去分词(＋其他)
The uniforms are not worn by students every day.
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are＋主语＋及物动词的过去分词(＋其他)
Are you asked to stay at the room alone？
3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的句子转换为被动语态的句子，需遵循以下几个步骤：先找出谓语动词；再找出谓语动词后的宾语；把宾语用作被动语态句子中的主语(宾语若是人称代词，须将宾格变为主格)；再将主动语态的句子中的主语置于介词by之后(主语若是人称代词，须将主格变为宾格)；注意人称、时态和数等的变化。如：
We plant trees every year. 我们每年种树。
→Trees are planted (by us) every year.
4．注意事项
(1) 不及物动词(短语)如happen，rise，appear，come out，take place等没有被动语态。
(2) 动词短语如talk about，pay attention to，take care of等在变为被动语态时，其中的介词不可漏掉。
(3) 在主动语态的句子中，感官动词和使役动词后面接省略to的动词不定式；但在变为被动语态时，不能省略to。
(4) 有些动词的主动语态形式可以表示被动意义。如：
These books sell well.这些书卖得很好。
【课时小结】
重点单词
1. boss (n.) 老板；上司 2. Germany 德国
3. surface（n.）表面; 表层 4. material（n.）材料; 原料
5. traffic（n.）交通; 路上行驶的车辆
6. postman (n.) 邮递员 7. cap(n.) 帽子
8. glove (n.) 手套
重点词组
1. on the last Friday of each month在每个月的最后一个星期五
2. in Germany在德国
3. most of the earth’s surface地球的大部分表面
4. cause many traffic accidents导致许多的交通事故
5. use this silver plate 使用这个银制的盘子
重点句式
1. —Are your shirts made of cotton?
你的衬衣是由棉花制成的吗？
—Yes, they are. And they were made in the US.
是的。并且是在美国制造的。
2. —What’s the model plane made of?
这个飞机模型是由什么制成的？
—It’s made of used wood and glass.
它是由废弃的木材和玻璃制成的。
3. —Where was your pencil made?
你的铅笔是在哪制造的？
—It was made in Shanghai.它是在上海制造的。
4. —What language is spoken in Germany?
在德国讲什么语言？
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
大部分人讲德语，但许多人也讲英语。
【达标检测】
一、单项填空
(　　)1. Keep quiet, please! Talking _______ during the meeting.
A. is not allowed???B. is allowed????C. doesn’t allow??D. allows
(　　)2. I find _______surprising that Mary can’t ride a bike.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
(　　)3. ________??you?do,?don't?touch?this?switch (开关).
A．So ? ? B．But C．Or ?? D．No?matter?what
(　　)4. —Do?you?believe?that?paper?is?made?________?wood?
—Yes,?I?do. And?you?can?see?that?books?are?made?________?paper.
A．from;?from?? B．from;?of?????C．of;?from????? D. of;?of
二、按要求完成句子。
1. 为了避免迟到，你必须早点起床。
To _________ _________late, you must get up early.
2. Whatever we do, we can’t give up.（改为同义句）
_______________we do, we can’t give up.
3. The trees are planted in spring.(改为一般疑问句)
________ the trees _________ in spring?
4. Many people in China speak English. (改为被动语态)
English__________ __________ by many people in China.
5. The watch was made in France.(对划线部分提问)
__________ ___________ the watch __________？
三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. What's your pen ________ (make) of?
2. Wang Hai has lived in _______ (German) for 2 years.
3. The GPS map in my phone can help me avoid ________ (lose) my way.
4. Apple is good at making high-tech(高科技的)________(produce), such as iPhones and iPads.
5. —What do you often do before _______ (travel) to another city?
— I usually prepare something to eat and drink.
【教师寄语】
【自我评价】
1. 本课我学会了什么？
________________________
2. 通过本课的学习，我还有哪些疑问？
______________________________________________
参考答案
【课前预习】
1. is learned 2. isn't done 3. don't sell 4. visited 5. are given
6. isn't made 7. Who is 8. They water 9. Is; looked 10. Is; grown
探究一
主动；被动；执行者；承受着
探究二
1. is grown; is made; are held;
总结： am/is/are; 过去分词; are made; are grown
2. is not cleaned; am not understood; are not taken good care of
总结：am/is/are＋not; 过去分词
am not allowed; are not given
3. Is; mentioned; Am; placed; Are; heard
总结：Am/Is/Are; 过去分词；主语+ am/is/are；主语+ am/is/are not
they are；they aren’t
it is； it isn’t
4. What’s; made of;
Where is; produced;
How is; produced;
总结：疑问词；am/is/are；过去分词
【达标检测】
一、ACDB
二、1.avoid being 2.No matter what 3.Are, planted 4.is spoken
5.Where was, made
三、1.made 2.Germany 3.losing 4.products 5.traveling