Unit7 Students should be allowed to choose their own clothes Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c) 优学案（含答案）

Unit7 Students should be allowed to choose their own clothes
Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c)
【学习目标】
1. 学生通过学习词汇详解，学习本课时新单词和短语。
2. 学生通过观察Grammar Focus中句子能总结出含情态动词被动语态的句子结构。
3. 学生通过学习相关任务，能在情境中正确应用含情态动词的被动语态。
4. 通过本课的学习，培养学生养成积极良好的学习和生活习惯。
【重点和难点】
重点
本课时的重点是学习总结情态动词被动语态的句式结构。
难点
难点是学会should，may用于被动语态的句子以及表示同意或不同意的表达用语及其运用。
【课前预习】
一、根据句意及首字母提示完成句子。
1. He has no ________ (机会) to get an education .
2. My mood is _______ (很坏的) , because it is raining the whole day.
3. There are few small sheep in the ________ (田野).
4. The Tang ________ (诗歌) are great works of Chinese literature.
5. The building is so tall , so we go upstairs by the ________ (电梯).
二.英汉互译
1. by my side _______________
2. 阻止 _______________
3. lift up _______________
4. 顶嘴 _______________
5. think back _______________
6. 后悔做了某事 _______________
7. make one’s decision _______________
8. 照顾 _______________
三.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Lin Tao thinks he is old enough to make his own 　　 (decide).?
2. In China, it’s very important to get the college 　　 (educate) for teenagers.?
3. As a teenager, we should get more chance to do some 　 　(society) work.?
4. At the meeting, Amy 　 　(agree) with Mr. Liu about this wrong activity.?
5. In China, smoking isn’t 　 　(allow) in public places.?
【课堂导学】
【合作探究】
探究一 读课本P52 Grammar Focus中的句子，试着总结情态动词的被动语态结构。
理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念
含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段学习的可用于被动语态的情态动词有can，may，must，need，should等，分别表示“能够被……”，“可以被……”，“必须被……”，“需要被……”，“应该被……”等。
2） 以should为例，掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换。
含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。
肯定句
The book should be written by James.
否定句
The book should not be written by James.
一般疑问句
Should the book be written by James?
特殊疑问句
Who should the book be written by?
总结情态动词被动语态句式结构：should +be 原形+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
否定句结构：
一般疑问句结构：
特殊疑问句结构：
观察表格中句子，尝试总结不同时态的被动语态结构。
时态
句子
一般现在时被动语态
The book is written by James.
一般将来时被动语态
The book will be written by James.
一般过去时被动语态
The book was written by James.
现在完成时被动语态
The book has been written by James.
一般现在时：
一般将来时：
一般过去时：
现在完成时：
探究二 独立完成课本 P52 4a&4b 被动语态的相关练习。
探究三 知识链接
【词汇讲解】
community n. 社区；社团
keep ... away from 避免接近；远离
chance n. 机会；可能性
make one’s own decision 意为“自己做决定”。动词形式：decide “决定”。
句型：decide to do sth “决定做某事”
manage v. 完成（困难的事）；应付（困难局面）
society n. 社会
【词汇应用】
Everyone should spend some time in __________ service.
每个人都应该花时间在社区服务上。
You must _________ ________ ________ the dog. 你千万别靠近那条狗。
He didn’t gave me _________ ________ to reply to his questions.
他没有给我回答问题的机会。
I wish my mother would let me _________ ________ ________ ________,
我希望我母亲让我自己拿主意。
Can you _______ without his help?
没有他的帮助你能应付吗？
The _______ now is colourful but dangerous.
今天的社会虽然精彩但是危机四伏。
【短语讲解】
1. Do you think we must keep teenagers away from the Internet?
你认为我们必须让青少年远离网络吗？（P52）
keep …away from 使……避免接近……，使……远离……
e.g. We must keep teenagers away from drugs. 我们必须让青少年远离毒品。
【拓展】keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
They all kept me from _______ the truth of that event.
他们都不让我知道那个事件的真相。
2. Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions.
父母应该给青少年自己做决定的机会。（P52）
1) chance n. 机会，可能性
（have）a chance to do sth. = (have) a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
e.g. It is a good chance to learn from others.
She has a chance to make a speech. = She has a chance of making a speech.
2) make one’s own decisions = make decisions for oneslef 自己做决定
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions. (改为同义句)
=Teenagers should be allowed to ________ ________ ________ ________.
【语法讲解】含有情态动词的被动语态
本单元的语法重点是含有情态动词的被动语态。其结构为“情态动词(should，must，may，can，could等)＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”。
1．含有情态动词的被动语态的常见句式
(1)肯定句结构：主语＋情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋宾语)．如：
Your homework should be finished by yourself.
(2)否定句结构：主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋宾语)．如：
The book can't be taken out of the reading room.
(3)一般疑问句结构：情态动词＋主语＋be＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋宾语)?
回答：Yes，主语＋情态动词．/ No，主语＋情态动词＋not.如：
—Should these young trees be watered every day？
—Yes, they should. / No, they shouldn't.
—Must the work be finished today？
—Yes, it must. / No, it needn't. / No, it doesn't have to.
(4) 特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋一般疑问句？如：
What should students be allowed to do？
2．含情态动词的主动语态变被动语态的变化步骤：(以should为例，见下图)
【课时小结】
重点单词
1. community（n.）社区；社团
2. chance（n.）机会；可能性
3. educate（v.）教育；教导
4. manage（v.）完成；应付
5. society (n.) 社会
重点词组
1. make one’s own decision 自己做决定
2. do social work for the community为社区做社会工作
3. keep…away from 避免接近，远离
4. give sb. a chance给某人一个机会
5. move out搬出去
6 .take care of oneself照顾自己
7. manage their own lives应对自己的生活
重点句式
1.—Do you think teenagers should be encouraged to make their own decisions?
—No, I don’t agree with this. Teenagers are too young to make their own decisions.
2. Should teenagers be asked to move out when they start working?
3. Their parents believe that they should be educated to take care of themselves from a
young age.
4.—Members should be allowed to use dictionaries.
—Yes, but they should only use English-English dictionaries.
【达标检测】
一. 根据句意及汉语提示写出正确的单词。
1. It is important to ____________ (教育) every student.
2. We should be allowed to make our own ____________ (决定).
3. He is famous in the local ____________ (社区).
4. If you ____________ (应付) that matter, you can be a real man.
5. I am lucky to have a (n) _________ (机会) to visit Penang Hill.
二. 单项选择。
1. — Dear, you need to _________ by next week, to go to university at home or go
abroad. You are going on eighteen.
— OK, Mum, I am considering it.
A. make a promise B. make a suggestion
C. make a decision D. make a difference
2. — Do you need a helping hand with the job?
— I can __________ it. Thanks anyway.
A. manage B. support C. encourage D. refuse
3. We should manage ___________ our house.
A. do B. did C. to do D. doing
4. — How I regret __________ when my father told me not to play computer games.
— You’d better say sorry to him.
A. talked back B. talking back
C. to talk back D. to talking back
5. During the winter vacation, he wasn’t allowed __________ TV every day.
A. watching B. to watch C. watches D. watch
6. Every old person needs to spend time ___________ their children.
A. in B. with C. on 　　　　 D. by
7. I don’t mind whether you allow me to attend the meeting or not. I’ll come _______.
A. anyway B. any way C. some way D. someway
8. Chinese parents believe that it is better for children _________ with parents.
A. to live B. lives C. living D. lived
9. Teenagers are _________ young _________ make their own decisions.
A. so; that B. too; to C. such; that D. so; to
10. Let’s get this work __________, then we can go out to play basketball.
A. done B. to do C. doing D. do
三. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Hearing the news, I got ____________ (excite).
2. Picasso’s ____________ (paint) are very famous.
3. When they saw the teacher walking into the classroom, they stopped ___________
(talk) at once.
4. They should take care of ____________ (them).
5. I regretted __________ (tell) you the truth and made you angry.
6. Students should __________ (educate) to protect their bodies.
7. Parents should encourage their children ___________ (do) social work.
8. I think that you should give up ________ (smoke) because it is bad for your health.
9. When my mother refused my request, I often shouted __________ (angry).
10. We all like spending time____________ (help) others.
四. 根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 父亲鼓励我不要放弃。
My father encourages me __________ __________ give up.
2. 老师教育我们远离网吧。
Teachers educate us to ___________ ___________ the Internet.
3. 和父母顶嘴是不礼貌的。
It is ___________ to __________ ___________ __________ parents.
4. 这样的话，当他们开始工作时就能照料自己的生活了。
This way, when they start working they can __________ their own lives.
5. 父母应该给青少年机会自己做决定。
Parents should give teenagers chances __________ ___________ __________
___________ ____________.
五. 同义句改写，每空一词。
l. Pierre didn’t play computer games last night; he watched TV last night.
Pierre watched TV __________ ________ _________ computer games last night.
2. The boy planted some trees on the hill yesterday.
Some trees __________ __________ on the hill by the boys yesterday.
3. I need to repair my new computer.
My new computer __________ __________.
4. You needn’t sweep the floor now.
The floor needn’t _________ ________ by you now.
5. My grandfather sent me a nice present on my birthday.
A nice present _________ __________ to me by my grandfather on my birthday.
【自我评价】
1. 本课我学会了什么？
________________________________________________
2. 通过本课的学习，我还有哪些疑问？
___________________________________________________
参考答案：
【课前预习】
一、1. chance 2. awful 3. field 4. poems 5. lift
二、1. 在我身边 2. keep...from... 3. 举起 4. talk back 5. 回忆
6. regret doing sth.　7. 自己做决定 8. take care of / look after
三1. decision 2. education 3. social 4 disagreed. 5. allowed
【课堂导学】
探究一
2）should +be 原形+not+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
Should +主语+be 原形+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
疑问词+ should +主语+be 原形+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
3）一般现在时：主语+is/are+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
一般将来时：主语+will be+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
一般过去时：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
现在完成时：主语+has/have been+及物动词的过去分词(by…)
探究三
【词汇应用】
1. community 2. keep away from 3. the chance
4. make my own decision 5. manage 6. society
【短语讲解】
1. knowing
2. make decisions for themselves
【达标检测】
一1. educate 2. decision 3. community 4. manage 5. chance
二 1-5 CA CBB 6-10 BAABA
三1. excited 2. paintings 3. talking 4. themselves 5. telling
6. be educated 7. to do 8. smoking 9. angrily 10. helping
四 1. not to 2. keep from 3. impolite; talk back to
4. manage 5. to make their own decisions
五 1. instead of playing 2. were planted 3. needs repairing
4. be swept 5. was sent