Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c)优学案（含答案）

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c)
【学习目标】
1．学习掌握下列词汇：cream, workday, pie, show up, bean, market, by the end of
2. 能比较流利地讲述自己曾经有的特别的经历。
3. 巩固过去完成时的用法。
4. 能比较流利地讲述自己曾经特别的一天，养成积极看待事物的积极心态。
【重点难点】
【学习重点】
1．复习巩固Section A 部分所学的生词和词组，达到熟练运用的目标。
2．总结过去完成时的不同句型。
【学习难点】
过去完成时的用法。
【课前预习】
一. 根据句意及单词首字母提示完成单词。
1. Why did you put some red ___________ (豆) into the soup?
2. Would you like milk or ___________ (奶油) in your coffee?
3. Bill says he doesn’t like rooms that face ___________ (朝西).
4. There are two big ___________ (市场) near my home.
5. Michael, help yourself to some more ___________ (果馅饼).
二. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．Alice _____ (leave) when I finally arrived at the big shopping mall.
2．The little girl ______ (lie) in bed for almost a month since she fell sick.
3．By the end of last year, he _______ (learn) 3,000 English words.
4．It was the third time that the girl _____ (invite) him.
三. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1. By the time she got up, her mother had gone to work．(对画线部分提问)
_____ _____ her mother _____ by the time she got up?
2. When I got home, my mother had cooked dinner. (改为否定句)
When I got home, my mother _____ _____ dinner.
3. The train had left when I got to the station. (改为一般疑问句)
_____ the train _____ when you got to the station?
4. John had never seen the film before. (改为反意疑问句)
John had never seen the film before, _____ _____?
5. She had already finished her homework. (改为否定句)
She _______ _______ her homework yet.
【合作探究】
探究一、根据音标自学本课时的新单词，特别注意单词的词性、词义以及读音。
单词/词组
词性
词义
单词/词组
词性
词义
cream
workday
pie
show up
/
bean
market
by the end of
/
探究二 读一读课本P92Grammar Focus中的句子，试着找出例句中运用不同时态的句子，并进行分类。




探究三 观察并总结下列例句的句型特点。
When he came in, the students stood up.
When the baby saw her mother, she stopped crying.
He was about to watch a movie when his parents knocked at the door.
They were about to get on the bus when they heard someone shout.
As I was standing in front of the teachers’ office, I saw a boy fight with another boy.
As he was doing housework, a bird flew into the kitchen.
Have a discussion:
在以上的时间状语从句中，主句和从句的动作是先后发生还是同时发生？主从句都用过去时态的时间状语从句的引导词有什么？

探究四 观察下列过去完成时态的例句，了解过去完成时态的结构和用法。
When I got up, I found that my brother had already taken a bath in the bathroom.
When she got to the check-out, she realized she had left her purse at home.
Before I arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.
They had already had breakfast before they got to the hotel.
Most of the guests had left by the time he arrived at the party.
The film had already begun by the time I got to the cinema.
Have a discussion:
1.过去完成时的结构：
2.过去完成时的用法：
3.一般过去时态和过去完成时态的区别：
探究五、语法精讲：过去完成时
1．过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2．过去完成时的各种句式结构
过去完成时是由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成的，had用于各种人称和数。
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他．
(2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他．
(3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句？
3．过去完成时的判断依据
(1)当句子中出现by，by then，by that time，by the time，by the end of last month等时间状语(从句)时，通常用过去完成时。如：
She had already worked for seven hours by that time.到那时，她已经工作七个小时了。
By the time I got there，the train had left.当我到那里的时候，火车已经离开了。
(2)主句谓语动词为一般过去时(如told，said，heard，thought，knew等)，其后的宾语从句通常用过去完成时。如：
She said (that) she had never made such a silly mistake before.她说她以前从未犯过这么愚蠢的错误。
(3)在状语从句中，在过去不同的时间发生的两个动作，发生在前的用过去完成时，发生在后的用一般过去时。如：
The meeting had already been on for half an hour before we got to the meeting room.在我们到会议室之前，会议已经进行半个小时了。
4．过去完成时的主要用法
(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I woke up，it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。(“雨停”发生在“我醒来”之前)
(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book.他告诉我他写了一本新书。(“写新书”发生在“告诉”之前)
(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能脱离过去的时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.彼得到十岁的时候已经收集了300多张中国邮票。
5．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had already left when she arrived.她到达时他们已经走了。(在她“到达”这一过去的动作之前，他们就已经“离开”了)
I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。(“看见他”这一动作是在“昨天”这一过去的时间发生的)
(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the bus stop，the bus had already left.当我到达车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。
【课时小结】
重点单词
1. cream (n.) 奶油；乳脂
2. pie (n.) 果馅饼；果馅派
3. bean (n.) 豆；豆荚
4. market (n.) 集市；市场
重点短语
1. collect the math homework 收数学作业
2. complete the work for my boss 完成老板的工作
3. make the apple pie 制作苹果馅饼
4. show up 赶到；出现
5. add the green beans 添加绿豆荚
重点句式
1. By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
2. Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
3. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up.
4. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green
beans.
5. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.
【达标检测】
一、根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
1. 当我到学校的时候，我意识到我把书包落在家里了。
When I got to school, I realized I ___ _ __ __ my backpack at home.
2. 在我到公共汽车站之前，汽车已经离开了。
Before I _____ the bus stop, the bus ___ __ already__ ___.
3. 我起床时，我弟弟已经进入了浴室了。
By the time I __ __ __ __, my brother _____ already ____ in the shower.
4. Mary 的爸爸在街上看到我，捎了我一程。
Mary’s dad saw me on the street and _____ me __ __ __ __ in his car.
5. 因为李老师忘记了，所以她没有出现在我们的聚会上。
Miss Lee didn’t _ _ our party because she forgot.
6. 亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。
Henry? ?the?room?and?disappeared?in?the?rain.
二、单项选择。
1. Teachers are often compared to _______ candles.
A. burnt B. is burning C. burned D. burning
2. —Mark,?you?look?so?tired.???
????—Oh,?I?worked?_______?it?was?12?o’clock?last?night.???????
A.?unless??????????? B.?after??????? C.?till??????? D.?as
3. Hurry up, Tom! The train is _____ to start.
A. about B. with C. for D. at
4. The?boy?didn’t?sleep?well?last?night?because?of?the?______?from?the?factory.?
?????A.?voice? ?B.?noise?????? C.?music?
5.?She?said?she?__________?the?story already.???
? ?A?.has?read?? ?B. read ??C.?will?read??? D.?had?read
【自我评价】
1. 本课我学会了什么？
__________________________________________
2. 通过本课的学习，我还有哪些疑问？
_________________________________________
参考答案：
【课前预习】
一1. beans 2. cream 3. west 4. markets 5. pies
二 1. had left 2. has lain 3. had learnt 4. had invited
三1. What had; done 2. hadn't cooked 3. Had; left
4. had he 5. hadn't finished
探究一
单词/词组
词性
词义
单词/词组
词性
词义
cream
n
奶油；乳脂
workday
n
工作日
pie
n
果馅饼；果馅派
show up
/
出现;露面;
bean
n
豆；豆荚
market
n
超市
by the end of
/
在…尽头
探究二
过去完成时：
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
一般过去时：
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
探究三
同时发生；引导词：when; as
探究四
1.过去完成时的结构：助动词had＋动词的过去分词
2.过去完成时的用法：表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。
3.一般过去时态和过去完成时态的区别：时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
【达标检测】
一1. had left 2. got to/arrived at; had, left 3. got up; had gotten
4. gave; a lift 5. show up 6. rushed out
二 1-5 DCABD