Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c)优学案（含答案）

Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
Section A3 (Grammar focus-4c)
【学习目标】
1．学习并掌握新词汇：reusable，afford，transportation
2．学习并会用以下常用表达：try to do sth.，used to do sth.，is/are doing，be considered，take part in，help with，help out，turn off，instead of，pay for，add up，afford to do sth.，not…any longer，take action，It's difficult for sb. to do sth.
3. 复习现在进行时，被动语态，现在完成时，情态动词，used to do的用法。
【重点和难点】
正确使用本课语法要点。
【课前预习】
一. 用can，may，must，need或have to的适当形式填空。
1. You ____ return the book to the library on time.
2. I ____ find the way to the hospital. ____ you show me the way?
3. —____ I finish the work right now?
—No, you ____. You ____ do it later.
4. He said he ____ come tonight.
5. Her mother was ill. She ____ stay at home and look after her.
6. It's time for class. You ____ stop playing football or you ____ be late for class.
7. The cloud is lifting，so it ____ be a rainy day tomorrow.
8. The desk is not dirty. You ____ clean it.
9. —What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
—I'm not sure. She ____ go to see my grandmother.
10. If the traffic light is red，you ____ cross the road. It's dangerous.
二. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. We don't need ____ (work) today.
12. He doesn't dare ____ (break) his promise.
13. Some students are used to ____ (ask) their parents for help when they meet trouble.
14. There used ____ (be) a quiet village here.
15. You will be used to ____ (live) in the countryside.
16. All of us know that cotton can be used ____ (make) cloth.
17. You used ____ (go) to school by bike，didn't you?
三. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
18. 这本书一定是汤姆的，他的名字在封面上。
This book ____ ____ Tom's. His name is on the cover.
19. 他可能被一个五岁的小男孩愚弄了吗？
____ ____ ____ true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy?
20. 你的车需要维修了。
Your car ____ ____.
21. 这种小刀是用来切东西的。
This kind of knife ____ ____ ____ ____ things.
22. 我年轻的时候常常打篮球。
I ____ ____ ____ basketball when I was young.
23. 他过去常花很多时间玩电脑游戏吗？
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ much time playing computer games?
【合作探究】
探究一 仔细阅读课本P100，并在书上查找这些短语并标记。
1） be considered 被认为是
2） improve the environment 改善环境
3） can’t afford to do sth. 负担不起做某事
4） begin with small things 从小事做起
5） add up 加起来，聚少成多
6） use public transportation 使用公共交通
探究二 观察下列例句，总结语法规则。
1. 现在进行时
Now people are taking actions to save wild animals. Let’s join them.
Look! Kenny is swimming happily in the pool.
Listen to me carefully. I am talking about something very important.
Be quiet please! The baby is sleeping.
总结: 现在进行时表示：
谓语构成： +
标志性词汇：
现在分词的构成规则：
2. 现在完成时
He has kept this book for over two months. Please ask him to return it soon.
We have lived here since my little sister was born.
Have you ever been to Australia? It’s a beautiful country.
He has already tried this to solve the problem, but it didn’t work.
总结：现在完成时的用法：
谓语构成： +
标志性词汇：
过去分词构成规则：
3. 被动语态
Photos are shared online.
The video was sent out quickly and was seen by many people.
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions.
总结：被动语态的构成： +
一般现在时的被动语态： +
一般过去时的被动语态： +
情态动词的被动语态： + +
4. 情态动词
Tracy could ride a bike when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play on the road. It’s too dangerous.
He can’t come back. He has gone to Hong Kong.
It’s raining now. I have to wait till it stops.
总结：情态动词有哪些
用法：情态动词+
5. used to
James used to wake up late, but now he is used to getting up early.
Did Cherry use to live in Shanghai when she was a child?
He didn’t use to be active. He was quite silent.
总结：used to 表示 ； 后接
used to 的否定句：
used to的一般疑问句：
be used to doing 表示：
探究三 知识链接
1. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
afford v. 承担得起；提供, 给予
afford to do sth. (常与can, be able to连用) 买得起；有足够的……
e.g. We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。
2. …save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.
turn off 关掉
e.g. Please turn the television off before you go to bed.
睡觉前请关掉电视。
[拓展] turn相关短语
turn around 转身
turn up 调高（音量）
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn into 变成；进入
turn on 打开，发动
turn off 关掉，关闭
turn out to be 结果是
turn over 移交
【课时小结】
单词：reusable，afford，transportation
短语：try to do sth.，used to do sth.，is/are doing，be considered，take part in，help with，help out，turn off，instead of，pay for，add up，afford to do sth.，not…any longer，take action，It's difficult for sb. to do sth.
语法：现在进行时，被动语态，现在完成时，情态动词，used to do的用法。
【达标检测】
I. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词。
1. The house is really expensive. I can't a_____ it.
2. How much did you p_____ for the computer?
3. Remember to turn o_____ the light when you leave the room.
4. What do you think of the t_____ (交通运输) in your city?
5. This kind of material is r_____ (可重复使用的). Don't throw it.
II. 单项选择。
6. —Why don't you buy the computer?
—It's too expensive. I can't ________ it.
A. afford B. sell C. borrow D. keep
7. —Would you like to ________ us in this topic?
—Yes，I'd like to.
A. join B. join in C. take part in D. attend
8. Our government has to do something ________ our environment.
A. protect B. protected C. protecting D. to protect
9. Nobody is in the room. Please go and ________ the light.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn up
10. —How much is the ticket to Central Park?
—A one-way ticket ________ $40，and you can ________ another $20 for a round-trip.
A. costs；pay B. cost；spend C. pay；spend D. spends；pay
III. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
11. 我至今还没有得到她的回复。
I have had no reply from her ____ ____．
12. 最后，在一年以后，他不能再等了。
At last，after a year he could ____ wait ____ ____．
13. 星期天我们常回到自己的工厂帮忙。
On Sundays we used to go back to ____ ____ in our factories.
14. 上周我们班三分之一的男生参加了跑步接力赛。
One third of the boys in my class ____ ____ ____ the running relay race last week.
15. 我们必须采取行动阻止他们污染环境。
We ____ ____ ____ ____ to stop them from polluting the environment.
【自我评价】
1. 本课我学会了什么？
____________________________________________________
2. 通过本课的学习，我还有哪些疑问？
____________________________________________________
参考答案：
【课前预习】
1. must 2. can't; Could; 3. Must; needn’t; may/can 4. couldn't 5. had to 6. must; may
7. can't 8. needn't 9. may/might 10. mustn't 11. to work 12. to break 13. asking
to be 15. living 16. to make 17. to go 18. must be 19. Can it be 20. needs repairing
is used to cut 22. used to play 23. Did he use to spend
【合作探究】
探究二
1. 总结: 现在进行时表示：表示现在或现阶段正在发生或进行的动作。
谓语构成：am / is/ are+动词-ing形式
标志性词汇：now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, 及Look! Listen! ...
现在分词的构成规则：
1) 一般情况下直接加ing。
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词, 去掉字母e, 再加-ing。
3) 以重读闭音节结尾, 呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词, 先双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加-ing。
4) 以ie结尾的动词, 把ie改为y, 再加ing。
2. 总结：现在完成时的用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
谓语构成：have / has +动词过去分词
标志性词汇：already、yet、just、never、ever、before、since、for。
过去分词构成规则：
1) 一般情况下, 在动词后加-ed。
2) 在以- e结尾的动词后只加-d。
3) 在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 应将y改为i再加ed
study→studied carry→carried try→tried
4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。
stop→stopped drop→dropped
3. 总结：被动语态的构成：be + 动词过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词
情态动词的被动语态：will/shall+be+过去分词
4. 总结：情态动词有哪些：can, may, must, need, have to, could, should, ought to 等
用法：情态动词+动词原形
5. 总结：used to 表示过去常常，后接动词原形。
used to 的否定句：didn’t use to … /used not to …
used to的一般疑问句：Did you use to...? /Used you to …?
be used to doing 表示习惯做某事
【达标检测】
1. afford 2. Pay 3. off 4. transportation 5. reusable
6-10AADBA
11. so far 12. not; any longer 13. help out 14. took part in 15. have to take action