(共14张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.The thief (闯入) the old house and took away
some money.?
2.The woman likes (炫耀)her new clothes,which
makes us annoyed.?
3.The little boy wanted to know when the old tradition .
(形成).?
答案:1.broke into 2.showing off 3.came into being
4.When you draw up the plan,you’d better .
(把一切考虑在内).?
5.The policeman is (密切注意) the
young man in that room.?
答案:4.take everything into account 5.keeping an eye on
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
Many of us in developed societies are trapped in a spending circle.The more money we earn,the 1. (much) we spend.We start putting our 2. (signature) on credit cards and spending money we don’t even have.And we have to pay more tax to those 3. govern us when we earn more money.In this spending circle,we accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough.And the better houses and cars turn into 4. burden to us.So in the end,not increased happiness, 5. stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.There is a 6. (grow) resistance to this consumer society which is especially affecting the youth of today.Some protest groups think we should give part of our money 7. the third world and government should shorten the working week.People should share work 8. (reduce) unemployment.If laws such as these came into being,a huge 9. (adjust) would be required and there would be diverse reactions.It’s high time that we 10. (take) these issues more seriously.We should remember that “being” and “doing” are much more important than “having”.?
答案:1.more 2.signatures 3.who 4.a 5.but 6.growing 7.to 8.to reduce 9.adjustment 10.took/should take
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As we (accumulate) more devices,however,we didn’t throw
out our old ones.(2018全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D)?
2.The young man was often late for work and (consequent),he
was fired.?
3.It’s high time that you (take) your study seriously.?
答案:1.accumulated 2.consequently 3.took/should take
4. (burden) with such a big family,the man had to work hard
all day.?
5.The prime minister is about to call an (elect).?
6.My aunt bought me a new desk whose height was (adjust).?
7.The deer often appear in (abundant)at this time of every
year.?
8.In the end the young man undertook (finish)the whole work
by Friday.?
答案:4.Burdened 5.election 6.adjustable 7.abundance 8.to finish
9.Only a few apartments were still (vacancy).?
10.He doesn’t invest in the arms industry principle.?
答案:9.vacant 10.on
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.For various reasons,he was resigned from his position last year.
2.As a matter of fact,it is high time that we take action to stop
the pollution.
3.My tutor asked me to make a adjustment to my essay.
4.I don’t know when the union we have been looking forward will
come into being.
5.Not the driver but the passengers was to blame for the accident.
答案:1.去掉was 2.将take改为took或take前加should 3.将a改为an 4.forward后加to 5.将was改为were
6.I would rather you have not learned the lesson from the professor.
7.Sentencing to five years in prison,the man missed a good chance to
get a job.
8.Many old stories all over the world teach us to be mercy to
everyone.
9.When he was away,he asked his sister to keep an eye to his pet.
10.We will take your recent illness into accounts when marking your
exams.
答案:6.将have改为had 7.将Sentencing改为Sentenced 8.将mercy改为merciful 9.将第二个to改为on 10.将accounts改为account
微写作
1.这些传统很早就形成了。
?
?
2.如果一个人很富有,他/她是不可以炫耀的。
?
?
答案:1.These traditions came into being a long time ago.
2.If someone is well off,he/she shouldn’t show off.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
答案:3.If someone knocks into another person,he/she should say sorry to that person.
4.If someone’s house is broken into,his/her neighbours should go to help.
3.如果一个人撞在另一个人身上,他/她必须道歉。
?
?
4.如果一户人家被破门而入了,邻居要去帮忙。
?
?
答案:5.Each villager plays an important role in the village.
5.每个村民在村里都起着重要的作用。
?
?
连句成篇:
These traditions came into being a long time ago.For example,if someone is well off,he/she shouldn’t show off.If someone knocks into another person,he/she should say sorry to that person.In addition,if someone’s house is broken into,his/her neighbours should go to help.As a matter of fact,each villager plays an important role in the village.
(共36张PPT)
Unit 24 Society
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. adj.大量的
n.大量,丰富,充足
2. adj.未住人的;空缺的
v.搬出,腾出
n.空缺;空房
3. vi.& vt.辞职;(to)使顺从
adj.顺从的
n.听从,辞职
4. vt.选举,推选adj.候任的
n.选修科目
abundant
abundance
vacant
vacate
vacancy
resign
resigned
resignation
elect
elective
单
词
拓
展
n.选举
5. vt.投(下)
6. n.重担;负担
adj.繁重的,难以承担的
7. adv.所以,因此
n.结果,后果
adj.作为结果(或后果)的
8. v.积累
adj.累积的
9. v.& n.挤;榨取
n.榨汁机
election
cast
burden
burdensome
consequently
consequence
consequent
accumulate
accumulative
squeeze
squeezer
单
词
拓
展
10. vt.& vi. 存储,储蓄
n.免职,沉积
11. n.调整;调节
vt.调整;调节vi.(to)适应
adj.可调节的
adj.调整过的
n.调停者,调节器
12. adj.各种各样的
n.多样
v.(使)变得多样化
13. adj.宽大的,仁慈的
deposit
deposition
adjustment
adjust
adjustable
adjusted
adjuster
diverse
diversity
diversify
merciful
单
词
拓
展
n.慈悲,仁慈
14. vt.着手做,从事
15. n.句子;判决 vt.宣判,判决
16. vt.废除,废止
17.Voluntary adj.__________
18.merchant n.__________
19.fragrant adj._______________
20.Currency n._________
mercy
undertake
sentence
abolish
自愿的
商人
有香味的
货币
单
词
拓
展
1.come being 形成,存在
2.show 炫耀,夸耀
3.keep an eye 照看;密切注视
4.break 闯入
5.take... account 考虑,注意;体谅
6.wind sb. 故意惹恼某人
7.knock sb.撞上某人
8. Principle 根据原则
9.sentence sb. death 判某人死刑
10.well 经济上富裕的;处境好的
into
off
on
into
into
up
into
on
to
off
短
语
记
忆
1. increased happiness, stress and less free time
to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and
families.
不是更快乐了,而是压力增加了,留给我们自己和与朋友、家人享受
乐趣的自由时间更少了。
2.As a society, we these
issues more seriously.
作为整个社会来讲,我们该更认真地考虑这些问题了。
3. you didn’t mention that.
我宁愿你不提那件事。
Not
but
it’s
high
time
that
took
I’d
rather
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.abundant adj.大量的;丰富的;充裕的
①be abundant in sth.(=be rich in sth.)富有某物,
有很多某物
②an abundance of sth.充裕的……,丰富的……
③in abundance大量,丰盛,充裕
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①There was an (abundant) of corn last year.?
②Fruit and vegetables grew (大量) on the island.?
答案:①abundance ②in abundance
2.vacant adj.未住人的,空置的;(表情)茫然的,无精打采的
①a vacant position/post 空缺职位
②a vacant expression/look 茫然的表情
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Do you have anyone in mind for the (空缺职位)??
②The girl has (茫然的表情). ?
答案:①vacant post/position ②a vacant look/expression
3.resign v.辞职;放弃;(to)使顺从
①resign from 辞职
②resign oneself to (doing) sth.顺从……;使自己安于
某事/做某事
③resign one’s job/post/position 辞去工作/职位
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①I want to resign my Sales Manager job.?
②He has resigned himself the fact that he will lose the job.
答案:①from ②to
4.elect vt.选举,推选
①elect sb.to...选举某人进入……
②elect sb.as/to be...选举某人为……
③elect to do sth.选择做某事
④elect sb.president/mayor etc.选举某人为总统/市长等
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①She was elected Parliament (议会) in 1978.?
②She has elected (become) a doctor.?
答案:①to ②to become
5.cast vt.投下;选派……扮演某角色
①cast down 使沮丧(常用被动语态),使灰心
②cast sb.into prison 把某人投入监狱
③cast doubt on 使怀疑,使不确信
④cast sb.as...选派某人演……
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①He (使沮丧) by the sad news.?
②The latest evidence casts serious doubt his version of
events.?
答案:①was cast down ②on
6.undertake vt.着手做,从事;承担;负责
①undertake to do sth.许诺(保证)做某事
②undertake that-clause许诺(保证)……
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①We do not undertake (give) up the use of force.?
②I can’t undertake you will make a profit.?
答案:①to give ②that
7.burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担
vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等),负重
①bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden承受/担负/
减轻/减少/分担重担
②burden sb.(with sth.)麻烦,使负重担
③be burdened with...负载着,背负着
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①I don’t want to burden you my worries.?
②She got off the bus, (burden) with two heavy suitcases.?
答案:①with ②burdened
8.sentence vt. & n.判决,宣判
①sentence sb.to sth.给某人判……刑
②be sentenced to death 被判死刑
③serve a sentence 服刑
④pass/pronounce/give sentence on sb.给某人判刑
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The judge sentenced him five years for theft.?
②The thief had to serve sentence in this prison.?
答案:①to ②a
9.consequently adv.所以,因此
①see/take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.)
看到/承担/承受/面对(某事的)后果
②as a consequence/result (=in consequence)结果,
因此
③as a consequence/result of (=in consequence of)因
为……;由于……
④of little/no consequence 不重要的,无足轻重的
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The bank refused to give the company more time. (consequent),
the company closed down.?
②He was absent from the meeting as a consequence the
traffic jam.?
答案:①Consequently ②of
10.come into being形成,存在(无被动语态)
①come into use开始使用
②come into contact (with sb.) 联系/会见(某人);(和
某人)接触起来
③come into existence形成;存在
④come into effect开始生效
⑤come into sight看见
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Could you tell me how this custom (形成)??
②A new type of microscope has (开始使用).?
③The new law will (生效) next month.?
答案:①came into being ②come into use ③come into effect
11.show off炫耀,夸耀;卖弄;展示;展现
①show sb.around带领某人参观
②show up出席;出场;到场;揭露
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Inspired by her bravery,I gave up my scarf and (展
示) my scars.?
②She (领着我参观) and introduced me to
everybody.?
③What puzzles me is why they didn’t (出现).?
答案:①showed off ②showed me around ③show up
12.keep an eye on 照看;密切注视
①look sb.in the eye(s)直视别人
②have an eye for...对……有鉴赏力
③in the eyes of=in one’s eyes
在某人看来;在某人的心目中
④catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①He asked his neighbor to keep an eye his house.?
②The cover of a book (吸引某人的注意).?
答案:①on ②caught my eye
13.Not increased happiness,but stress and less free time to be
ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.
不是更快乐了,而是压力增加了,留给我们自己和与朋友、家人享受乐趣的
自由时间更少了。
①not...but...不是……而是……
②not only...but also...不仅……而且……
以上两短语,连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for
us, with us.?
②The traffic issue not only affects our everyday life, also
threatens our lives.?
答案:①but ②but
14.As a society,it’s high time that we took these issues more
seriously.
作为整个社会来讲,我们该更认真地考虑这些问题了。
①It is (high/about) time that sb.did sth./should do
sth.该是某人做某事的时候了(句中should不能省略)
②It is time for sb.to do sth.该是某人做某事的时候了
③It is time for sth.该是做某事的时候了
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①It’s high time that you (pay) attention to your
handwriting.?
②Then I suggested it was time for him (slow) down.?
答案:①paid/should pay ②to slow
Unit 24 Society
能力提升题组训练(A)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Scientists have found that the risk of getting cancer and heart disease is reduced when we take part in physical activity—and now they’ve found cycling to work is one of the best activities to do this.
The study linked using two wheels with a halving of the risk of cancer and heart disease.It also showed that walking had some benefits over sitting on public transport or taking the car.Cycling to work is already popular in many cities across the world.Some authorities have built cycle lanes as well as providing secure places to lock them up.Some companies provide facilities for their employees to get changed and cleaned up when they arrive at work.It all makes good sense—according to people surveyed in this study,regular cycling cut the risk of death from any cause by 41%,the incidence of cancer by 45% and heart disease by 46%.
Cycling to work is quicker and cheaper than using public transport.While going to the gym to lose a few pounds takes effort and commitment,cycling has just become part of the work routine.Clare Hyde from Cancer Research UK says,“ This study helps to highlight the potential benefits of building activity into your everyday life.”
Of course,any exercise is good for you but it’s thought that cycling is better than walking because the activity is longer and more intense.Dr. Jason Gill,from the University of Glasgow,said,“ You need to get to work every day so if you build cycling into the day,it essentially takes willpower out of consideration.” You don’t need to wear skin-tight clothes,as long as you wear the most important accessory,a helmet.
1.The passage mainly focuses on .?
A.the benefits of cycling B.the advantages of sports
C.the changes of lifestyle D.the prevention of cancer
2.What can we learn from Paragraph two?
A.Walking is similar to sitting in a bus.
B.Cycling to work has gained popularity.
C.Cycling to work causes more spending.
D.City governments need more bicycles.
3.What is the advantage of cycling to work compared to going to the gym?
A.It is longer and more intense. B.It helps to lose more weight.
C.It can be part of daily life. D.It is quicker and cheaper.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了骑自行车上班的好处。
答案及剖析:
1.A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了骑自行车有益于身体健康。因此A项是正确答案。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段的主旨句Cycling to work is already popular in many cities across the world.可知B项是正确答案。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句While going to the gym to lose a few pounds takes effort and commitment,cycling has just become part of the work routine.可知,相比去体育馆锻炼,骑自行车上班已经成为日常行为。
Ⅱ.七选五(2018云南昆明调研)
How to Say No Respectfully
Like most people, your natural instinct is probably to help others when you can. 1. Whether you’re declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.?
Express your thanks.2. If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like,“Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. I’m sorry that I’m busy that evening.”?
Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didn’t even consider the request.In order to be respectful,take a moment to think about your answer—even if you already know what it is going to be.3. ?
Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that you’re honest and direct. 4. If you can’t help, say so. If someone is asking you on a date and you don’t want to go,make that clear.?
5. You can say no without completely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say,“I’m not free for dinner,but I would be coming for a quick drink after work.”?
A.Find a way to compromise.
B.Take a pause, and then kindly say no.
C.But sometimes, you just need to say no.
D.It’s strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.
E.Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.
F.If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.
G.Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.
答案:1-5 CEBGA
Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山东菏泽一模)
I was 5 that Christmas and couldn’t understand how poor we were. We’d just moved to Manhattan and 1 nobody there. Dad was serving overseas, so mother and I planned to get the Christmas tree in the evening, when their 2 usually dropped. After sunset, we walked to the shop in a parking lot 3 Christmas trees.?
“How much is your cheapest tree?” mother smiled to a salesman.
“Thirty dollars.”
Her 4 disappeared.“Can it be a little cheaper?”?
“I just work here. I have no 5 to change the price.”?
6 ,the man pointed to a pile of branches in the corner of the lot,“ 7 that pile of cuttings? Behind it is a tree we can’t sell. You can have it for free.”We thanked him repeatedly before hurrying to the 8 of the pile and discovered a small tree with few branches.?
Mother 9 ,“Can we take some of these branches?”?
“Take them all if you like.”
We pulled the tree and some branches home and 10 them in the living room. I couldn’t imagine how we could hang many decorations on the almost 11 tree.“Go to sleep now. Santa will 12 the tree for us,” mother said.?
I woke at dawn and rushed into the living room. To my 13 ,the tree had been filled out. And it had a beautiful 14 shape. The decorations shone in the morning light.Out of 15 ,I examined the tree closely.Mother had used wire to fix 16 branches to its trunks. She’d trimmed (修剪) it 17 to get its perfect shape.?
Weeks later,dad 18 .When I told him about the 19 ,tears filled his eyes. Since then, I’ve spent many wonderful holidays, but that Christmas remains my 20 .?
1.A.met B.knew C.recognized D.remembered
2.A.sales B.orders C.demands D.prices
3.A.selling B.storing C.showing D.designing
4.A.pride B.satisfaction C.smile D.confidence
5.A.duty B.reason C.excuse D.right
6.A.Otherwise B.Suddenly C.Therefore D.Impatiently
7.A.Want B.Forget C.See D.Like
8.A.back B.top C.front D.bottom
9.A.gave out B.tried out C.checked out D.called out
10.A.placed B.hid C.mixed D.exhibited
11.A.leafless B.valueless C.branchless D.meaningless
12.A.irrigate B.decorate C.explore D.preserve
13.A.surprise B.credit C.terror D.worry
14.A.regular B.initial C.familiar D.natural
15.A.respect B.curiosity C.sympathy D.anxiety
16.A.donated B.rotten C.abandoned D.broken
17.A.with care B.by accident C.at random D.in public
18.A.sacrificed B.succeeded C.returned D.recovered
19.A.loss B.tree C.festival D.ceremony
20.A.secret B.pain C.regret D.favorite
语篇解读:作者5岁那年的圣诞节他和妈妈去买圣诞树,由于当时家里经济状况不佳,所以带回来的是一棵树枝寥寥无几的小树,但是第二天作者发现这棵树发生了巨大的变化,原来作者的妈妈对其进行了修剪和装饰,因此那个圣诞节也成为作者的最爱。
答案及剖析:
1.B 根据本句中的just moved to Manhattan可知,那年作者一家刚刚搬到曼哈顿,所以还不认识那里的人。know意为“认识”,符合语境。meet意为“遇见”;recognize意为“认可;认出”;remember意为“记得”。
2.D 根据第一句中的how poor we were及常识可推知,作者和妈妈之所以选择在晚上去买圣诞树,是因为在那个时间段圣诞树的价格往往会下降。price意为“价格”,符合语境。sale意为“销售”;order意为“订单”;demand意为“需求”。
3.A 根据上句中的get the Christmas tree可知,此处表示作者和妈妈前往一个位于停车场中出售圣诞树的商店。sell意为“售卖”,符合语境。store意为“储存”;show意为“展示;展览”;design意为“设计”。
4.C 根据前文中的mother smiled to a salesman和后文中的“Can it be a little cheaper?”可推知,此处表示妈妈询问售货员的时候面带微笑,但是在得知树的价格之后,脸上的笑容消失了,此处smile为原词复现。pride意为“骄傲”;satisfaction意为“满意”;confidence意为“自信”。
5.D 根据答语中的I just work here.及常识可知,此处表示售货员刚到这儿工作,没有权利更改价格。right意为“权利”,符合语境。duty意为“义务”;reason意为“原因”;excuse意为“借口”。
6.B 根据常理并结合选项可推知,此处应表示,店员突然指向停车场角落的一堆树枝。suddenly意为“突然”,符合语境。otherwise意为“否则”;therefore意为“因此”;impatiently意为“不耐烦地”。
7.C 根据前文的pointed to a pile of branches并结合选项可知,此处表示店员指着停车场角落,问作者的妈妈是否能看见那堆被砍下来的树枝,本空前省略了Can you。
8.A 句意为:我们不停地感谢他,然后匆匆地跑向他所指的树枝堆后方,(结果)发现了一棵几乎没有树枝的小树。根据前文的Behind it is a tree we can’t sell.可知,店员说树枝堆后面有一棵树。因此作者和妈妈应是走向树枝堆的后面,故back符合语境,意为“后面”。top意为“顶部”;front意为“前面”;bottom意为“底部”。
9.D 结合上文可知,堆树枝的地方离店员还有一段距离,所以作者的妈妈询问的时候要提高音量。call out意为“大声呼叫”,符合语境。give out意为“分发;发出”;try out意为“试验”;check out意为“结账离开;仔细检查”。
10.A 结合选项和常识可知,此处表示作者和妈妈把树和树枝拉回家,放到了客厅里。place意为“放置”,符合语境。
11.C 根据第8空所在句中的discovered a small tree with few branches可知,售货员指给作者妈妈的那棵树上的树枝不多。branchless意为“没有树枝的”,符合语境。leafless意为“没有叶子的”;valueless意为“没有价值的”;meaningless意为“没有意义的”。
12.B 根据上句的many decorations并结合常识可知,买回家的圣诞树要进行装饰。decorate意为“装饰”,符合语境。irrigate意为“灌溉”;explore意为“探索”;preserve意为“保存”。
13.A 根据后文可知,第二天早上,作者冲到客厅的时候,发现树上挂满了东西,这与昨晚拉回来的树形成了巨大的反差,所以此处表示作者感到很吃惊。surprise意为“惊讶”,符合语境。credit意为“信贷;学分”;terror意为“恐惧”;worry意为“担心”。
14.D 结合上文可知,作者和妈妈拉回来的树上树枝不多,但是经过妈妈的修剪和装饰之后,这棵树“枝繁叶茂”,显得很自然。natural意为“自然的”,符合语境。regular意为“经常的;有规律的”;initial意为“最初的”;familiar意为“熟悉的”。
15.B 根据句中的examined the tree closely及常理可知,作者仔细检查这棵树是出于好奇。out of curiosity意为“出于好奇”,符合语境。respect意为“尊重”;sympathy意为“同情”;anxiety意为“焦虑”。
16.C 根据句意可知,此处指妈妈将拉回来的废弃树枝用金属丝固定在树上。abandoned意为“废弃的”,符合语境。donated意为“捐赠的”;rotten意为“腐烂的”;broken意为 “坏的”。
17.A 根据句中的get its perfect shape可知,此处应表示为了得到完美的树形,作者的妈妈精心修剪了这棵树。with care意为“精心地”,符合语境。by accident意为“偶然地”;at random意为“随意地”;in public意为“公开地”。
18.C 根据第一段第三句中的Dad was serving overseas可知,作者的爸爸在国外工作,此处应表示爸爸数周之后回到了家里。return意为“返回”,符合语境。sacrifice意为“牺牲”;succeed意为“成功;继承”;recover意为“恢复”。
19.B 结合语境可知,此处表示作者给爸爸讲述了圣诞树的故事,故本空应选tree,呼应本文的主题。loss意为“损失”;festival意为“节日”;ceremony意为“仪式”。
20.D 句意为:从那之后,我度过了很多精彩的节日,但是那年的圣诞节一直是我的最爱。根据常理可知,此处应用favorite表示那个圣诞节是作者最爱的节日。secret意为“秘密”;pain意为“痛苦”;regret意为“遗憾”。
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Unit 24 Society
能力提升题组训练(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018重庆市第八中学高三适应性月考)
Do you use online ratings and reviews to decide which products and services to buy? Well,we just found out that those ratings may not always lead to the best choices.
Online reviews should be helping us make good decisions about what to spend our money on.However,they do help us make decisions — just not necessarily the best ones,according to a new study led by Derek Powell,PhD of Stanford University.
Specifically,the study reveals that we tend to buy a product that has more reviews than a product that has less,even if the product with more reviews has lower ratings.When given a choice between two products that have equally bad reviews, we’re still willing to buy the one with more reviews.Dr.Powell asked several hundred people to look at a series of cell phone cases,presented in pairs along with the average user rating and number of reviews for each case,and then indicated which they preferred.The result was that the participants tended to choose the case that had more reviews,rather than better reviews.
This herd-mentality is a function of social learning,the process by which new behaviors are learned through observing the behavior of others: “The Internet now provides social evidence on an unprecedented scale.However,properly adopting this evidence requires a capacity for statistical inference.”
“Consumers try to use information about other people’s experiences to make good choices,and retailers (零售商) have an motivation to channel consumers toward products they will be satisfied with,” Dr.Powell added.“Our data suggest that retailers might need to rethink how reviews are presented and consumers might need to do more to educate themselves about how to use reviews to guide their choices.That includes absorbing the idea that a larger number of reviews is not a reliable indicator of a product’s quality.
1.Which product do we intend to buy?
A.A product with more reviews and no ratings.
B.A product with fewer reviews and lower ratings.
C.A product with more reviews and lower ratings.
D.A product with fewer reviews and higher ratings.
2.According to the research,we will make a purchase after .?
A.observing the behavior of other customers
B.analyzing statistics carefully
C.educating ourselves to use reviews properly
D.referring to our former experiences
3.What will Dr.Powell agree with?
A.No review is reliable when customers buy things online.
B.Customers should rethink the way reviews are shown.
C.The retailers should teach customers how to use reviews.
D.It is not wise to follow the crowd when customers make a purchase.
4.What’s the purpose of the passage?
A.To argue. B.To inform. C.To persuade. D.To prove.
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。研究表明:人们在购物时,首先会观察其他顾客的行为,Dr.Powell认为购物时的这种从众心理是不明智的。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的even if the product with more reviews has lower ratings可知选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的This herd-mentality is a function of social learning,the process by which new behaviors are learned through observing the behavior of others可知,研究表明,我们会观察其他顾客的行为,然后购物,故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dr.Powell所说的话:That includes absorbing the idea that a larger number of reviews is not a reliable indicator of a product’s quality.可知,Dr.Powell认为购物时的从众心理是不明智的,选D。
4.B 写作目的题。作者写这篇文章是在告知一个事实:人们在购物时,首先会观察其他顾客的行为,故选B。
B
All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.
Many years ago,children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking.Today,well-mannered children have more freedom.
Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have?They want you to give a loud“burp”(打嗝) after you finish eating.Burping would show that you liked your food.In some countries,if you give a loud burp,you are told to say “Excuse me,please.”
In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.
What are manners like in an East African town?The people try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite,you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.
Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents,you will be asked into each one.People will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.
Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People needed ways to show that they wanted to be friends.
5.People turn their backs on others while they eat in .?
A.some parts of Polynesia B.an East African town
C.Mongolia D.Arabia
6.In an East African town,the people try not to see you.This is because .?
A.they are busy doing things B.they don’t want to talk with you
C.it is good manners D.they are waiting for you to talk with them
7.The best title of the passage should be .?
A.Different kinds of manners B.What are good manners
C.Children’s manners are different D.When you are in Rome,do as the Romans do
语篇解读:本文介绍了各地的不同风俗礼节。
答案及剖析:
5.A 细节理解题。根据第四段我们知道在波利尼西亚群岛,人们进餐时习惯背对着别人,因为他们认为,吃东西时让别人看见是不礼貌的。可知选项A正确。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第五段What are manners like in an East African town?The people try not to see you.They are being polite.可知这是礼貌的表现。故答案选C。
7.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文介绍了各地的不同风俗礼节。故选项A正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空(2018福建福州高三质检)
The Year of the Dog began on Feb.16,2018 according to the Chinese lunar calendar.Though dogs 1. (see) as companions and part of the family today,China and Western countries do not have the same cultural 2. (belief) about dogs.?
In Chinese,some words 3. (concern) dogs don’t have very good meanings, such as “No ivory (象牙)can come out of a dog’s mouth”.But in English,the situation is 4. (differ).“Every dog has his day” describes a person with a period of good fortune and “work like a dog” is used 5. (describe) a hard worker.?
The dog-human relationship goes right 6. to the beginnings of Western civilization,and the friendship between humans and dogs was a common subject for artists.?
7. fact,people were close to dogs in a way they weren’t close to cows,pigs or even horses.Farmers worked 8. (close) with dogs.But even after science came to agriculture and dogs lost 9. (they) traditional roles,the relationship between humans and dogs remained.?
Nowadays millions of people keep dogs as pets.People feed them,take them on holidays 10. look after them.In return,dogs are loyal (忠诚的) in a way that friends sometimes aren’t.This loyalty is the origin of the English saying,“A dog is man’s best friend.”?
答案及剖析:
1.are seen 考查时态和语态。根据上下文可知,这里是对常识性知识的介绍,故用一般现在时,see...as...表示“把……看作是……”,这里动词see与主语dogs构成被动关系,故用are seen。
2.beliefs 考查名词复数。关于狗,中国和西方国家并没有相同的观点。此处belief为可数名词,表示复数概念,故填beliefs。
3.concerning 考查介词。此处应用介词concerning,表示“关于,涉及”。
4.different 考查形容词。空处充当表语,说明主语的性质,故用所给词的形容词形式,故填different。
5.to describe 考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.“用某物做某事”是固定搭配,此处是其被动语态,故填to describe。
6.back 考查副词。根据空后的the beginnings可知,空处应填back“追溯至”。
7.In 考查介词。in fact表示“事实上”,为固定短语,故填In。
8.closely 考查副词。空处修饰动词worked,故用副词形式。 close作副词时表示“不远,接近地”;closely为副词,表示“密切地,在很大程度上”。根据语境可知,空处应填closely。
9.their 考查代词。根据语境及空后的traditional roles可知,空处应填形容词性物主 代词。
10.and 考查连词。本句中feed,take和look after是并列谓语,如果三个或三个以上的谓语动词并列,在最后两个动作之间用and连接,其他的用逗号分开,因此这里用连词and。
Ⅲ.书面表达
假如你是李华,3月1日在英国某网站购买了一本英文原版小说Pride and Prejudice。收到货后,你发现书封面破损并存在缺页现象,请你就此向网站客服写封电子邮件投诉。
注意:1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m sorry to trouble you but?
?
?
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m sorry to trouble you but I’m afraid that I have to make a complaint about the novel Pride and Prejudice,which I bought from your online store on March 1st.
Much to my disappointment,the novel was so poorly packed that the cover was torn when it reached me.What is worse,some pages are missing,which I think is unacceptable. It’s beyond belief to have received such poor service and I insist that you either replace the novel with a new one or give my money back.I’d appreciate it if you could settle my complaint as soon as possible.
Thank you for your consideration.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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