(共13张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.He felt a little tired and put the book on the shelf .
(随意地).?
2.The people at the meeting (集中)the topic of
pollution here.?
3.Seeing the village in ruins,the young man left .
(绝望地).?
答案:1.at random 2.focused on 3.in despair
4.The government will (彻底消灭) the disease in
this town.?
5.The old man tried to persuade his son to quit smoking,but
(徒劳地).?
答案:4.wipe out 5.in vain
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.Now records 1. (fall) in track and field due to better equipment,training and diet since the first Olympic Games.But we come across the issue of performance-enhancing drugs.These drugs are 2. (original) developed to help people with illnesses, but in the wrong hands they also create supreme athletes making them faster and 3. (strong) than is normal for human beings.4. (abuse) these drugs is known as “doping”,5. can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them,but some athletes seek 6. (achieve) beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.The sports world doesn’t tolerate 7. (dope) as it is a fundamental form of cheating.To our surprise,some athletes,including some world-record keepers or breakers violated the rule,such as Ben Johnson in 100 metres in the 1988 Olympics.Floyd Landis in the annual cycling race in 2006 8. American athlete Marion Jones in the Olympics.?
9. (fortunate),it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs because it is compulsory for winners to be tested,but others only 10. random.?
答案:1.have fallen 2.originally 3.stronger 4.Abusing 5.which 6.to achieve 7.doping 8.and 9.Unfortunately 10.at
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Many farmers (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves
would kill their farm animals or pets.(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)?
2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical (equip),
allowing more patients to be treated.(2017天津卷)?
3.We shared the brief that if you’re (fortune)enough to
have success,you should put something back.(2017全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B)?
答案:1.opposed 2.equipment 3.fortunate
4.People who have personality traits that connect with
competitiveness and low upset (tolerate) are much more
likely to get angry.(2018北京,七选五)?
5.To his relief,Lucy agreed to submit herself to (question)
this time.?
6.I’ve always had a poor (digest),so I’m in bad condition
these days.?
7.It’s necessary for you (make) a plan in advance.?
答案:4.tolerance 5.questioning 6.digestion 7.to make
8.The course is designed to equip students a career in
nursing.?
9.The meeting (postpone) because of his absence last Sunday.
10.To my disappointment,the expert declined (offer) me some
advice.?
答案:8.for 9.was postponed 10.to offer
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.All riders equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
(2018全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A)
2.The woman can’t tolerate anyone question her decision.
3.Fortunate,everything worked out all right in the end.
4.Some residents were opposed to name the high school after Martin.
5.It is stupid for you to walk so long to attend the party.
6.He offered to buy some equipments for the new school.
答案:1.riders后加are 2.将question改为questioning 3.将Fortunate改为Fortunately 4.将name改为naming 5.将for改为of 6.将equipments改为equipment
7.She said under no circumstance would she give up her plan.
8.At the meeting,most of us were opposed to carry out the plan.
9.What was it that made him postpone buy a new house for his parents?
10.I would go there on foot rather than to take a bus.
答案:7.将circumstance改为circumstances 8.将carry改为carrying 9.将buy改为buying 10.去掉to
微写作
1.青少年滥用毒品已经成为大众关注的问题。
?
?
2.消灭滥用毒品是社会的责任。
?
?
答案:1.Drug abuse among teenagers has become a concern of the public.
2.It is the duty of society to wipe out drug abuse.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
答案:3.To prohibit them from doing so,people seek various ways annually.
4.Experts suggest that teenagers should equip themselves with knowledge.
3.为了禁止他们这样做,人们每年都会寻求不同的方法。
?
?
4.专家建议青少年用知识武装自己。
?
?
答案:5.Under no circumstances should they lose faith in themselves and all their efforts will not be in vain.
5.他们在任何情况下都不要失去信心,他们的努力不会白费。
?
?
(共40张PPT)
Unit 21 Human Biology
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.容忍,忍受
adj.宽容的,容忍的
n.宽容,容忍;忍耐(力)
adj.可容忍的
2. vt.寻找
n.寻求者,追求者
3. vt.反对,反抗
adj.强烈反对的
prep.& adv.在对面 adj.对面的 n.对立面
tolerate
tolerant
tolerance
tolerable
seek
seeker
oppose
opposed
opposite
单
词
拓
展
4. vt. 使丧失;抢劫
n.抢劫
5. vt.禁止,不准
adj.抑制的
n.禁止;禁令
6. vt.装备,配备,使有准备
n.设备,器械,装备
7. n.(大量)财产;运气
adj.幸运的,侥幸的
adv.幸运地
8. vi. (to) 屈服,听从 vt.提交
adj.服从的
rob
robbery
prohibit
prohibitive
prohibition
equip
equipment
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
submit
submissive
单
词
拓
展
9. n.& vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂
adj.虐待的,被滥用的
n.滥用者
10. vt.消化;吸收,领悟
n.文摘n.消化(力)
adj.消化的,易消化的
11. vt.反驳;与……发生矛盾
n.矛盾,不一致
adj.相矛盾的
12. n.最低;最小
13. adj.荣幸的
n.特权,优惠
abuse
abusive
abuser
digest
digestion
digestive
contradict
contradiction
contradictory
minimum
privileged
privilege
单
词
拓
展
14. vt.推迟,延期
15. n.& vi.下降,衰退;谢绝
16. n.& vi.交换
17. adj.有争议的
18. adj. 临时的;短暂的
19. n.常规;惯例
20. n. 信心
21. n.情形;情况
22.annual adj.____________________
23.compulsory adj.________________________
24.symptom n.___________
25.enquiry n.__________________
postpone
decline
swap
controversial
temporary
routine
faith
circumstance
每年的,年度的
义务的,强制性的
症状
询问,咨询
单
词
拓
展
1. all costs 无论如何,不管多大代价
2. any rate 无论如何;至少
3. vain 徒然,白费力气
4.wipe 彻底毁灭
5.stop sth. its tracks 终止;消灭
6.straight 立刻,马上
7. random 随便地,随意地
8. despair 绝望地
9.miss 遗漏,遗忘;错过机会
10.focus 聚焦,集中,对准
at
at
in
out
in
away
at
in
out
on
短
语
记
忆
1.Unfortunately, athletes
using illegal drugs.不幸的是,很难抓住使用违禁药物的运动员。
2.In the future,athletes who .
might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds
or the marathon in less than two hours.
将来,改变基因的运动员可能在8秒内跑完100米或不到两小时就能跑
完马拉松。
it
is
not
easy
to
catch
have
their
genes
changed
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.tolerate vt.容忍;忍受
①tolerate (sb./one’s) doing sth.容忍(某人)做
某事
②be tolerant of...容忍……
③have no tolerance for 对……毫不宽容
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Such bad behavior is hard (tolerate) for most of us.?
②The school can’t tolerate (cheat) on exams.?
③Meanwhile,the Chinese people are no longer (tolerate) of
criticisms.?
答案:①to tolerate ②cheating ③tolerant
特别提示:tolerate后可接动词-ing形式作宾语,不接不定式。
2.seek vt.(sought;sought)搜寻;请求;尝试;企图
①seek to do sth.试图做某事
②seek (for) sth./sb.寻找某物或某人
③seek after追求
④seek out找到,寻出
⑤seek sth.(from sb.)(向某人)请求……;寻求……
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Another brand store seeks (be) much more than a shop,but
rather a destination.?
②One group was asked to (找出) an interaction with
its waiter;the other,to speak only when necessary.
(2018全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D)?
③She managed to calm him down and seek help a neighbour.?
答案:①to be ②seek out ③from
3.oppose vt.反对,抗争
①oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事
②be opposed to sth./doing sth.反对(做)某事
③as opposed to (表示对比)而非,相对
④in opposition (to) 反对
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①He (oppose) by two other candidates.?
②The villagers were opposed to (build) a factory here.?
答案:①is/was opposed ②building
特别提示:oppose 是及物动词,后直接加名词,或用be opposed to sth.。object多用作不及物动词,后加to再加名词。
We oppose/are opposed to/object to any plans to cut back production.
我们反对任何削减生产的计划。
4.rob vt.抢夺,抢劫,掠夺,使丧失
①rob sb.of sth.抢夺某人某物/使某人丧失……
②steal sth.from sb./sp.从某人/某地窃取某物
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The noise robbed me a good night’s sleep.?
②Harry used to steal money his father’s drawer.?
答案:①of ②from
5.postpone vt.延期;延缓;搁置
①postpone sth.(to/until sth.)
推迟……(到……)
②postpone doing sth.推迟做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The match was postponed the next day because of the bad
weather.?
②Urban workers can postpone (receive) their pensions and
continue working when they reach retirement age.?
答案:①to ②receiving
6.prohibit vt.禁止;妨碍;阻止
①prohibit sth.禁止某事
②prohibit...from doing sth.禁止……做某事(同义短语
ban/forbid...from doing sth.)
③prohibit/forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The bags (prohibit) in some 90 cities in California,
including Los Angeles.(2018浙江,阅读理解B)?
②High costs had prohibited the building work being
completed.?
答案:①are prohibited ②from
7.decline vi.下降,衰退;拒绝
n.衰退,下降
①decline to do sth.拒绝做某事
②in decline下降
③fall/go into decline开始衰落,陷入衰退
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The speaker declined (comment) on the rumours.?
②Industry in Britain has been decline since the 1970s.?
答案:①to comment ②in
8.equip vt.使有准备;配备;装备
①equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/物
②be equipped with sth.装备有某物
③equip sb./sth.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事使……有
所准备
④a piece of equipment 一件设备
⑤equip sb./sth.to do sth.使……有能力做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Their classroom is equipped an air conditioner.?
②This ship was equipped a voyage.?
③The emergency services are equipped (deal) with disasters
of this kind.?
答案:①with ②for ③to deal
9.fortune n.大笔钱财;财产;财富;命运;运气;机会
①make a/one’s fortune 发财
②try/seek one’s fortune 碰运气
③be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.幸运做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The man (发财) in car sales.?
②The girl was fortunate (get) a chance to travel in the
US.?
答案:①made a/his fortune ②to get
10.submit vi.顺从,服从
vt.提交,建议
①submit (oneself) to... 顺从,屈从……
②submit sth.to... 把某物提交……
③submit+that从句 认为……
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Should you submit yourself him??
②If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers,you
need to submit it Smart Animals.?
答案:①to ②to
11.at all costs不管多大代价,无论如何
①increase/reduce/cut costs 增加/削减成本
②at a cost of以……的费用/价格
③at the cost of以……为代价牺牲……
④at cost 按成本价
⑤at any cost 在任何情况下,无论如何
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①I decided to try (不惜一切代价) to rid
them of their fear of books.?
②The new building’s going up a cost of $82 million.?
③Generally speaking,it’s wrong to achieve your aim .
(以……为代价) your health.?
答案:①at all costs ②at ③at the cost of
12.at any rate无论如何;至少
①the rate of...……的速度
②at the/a rate of以……的速度或比率,以……的价格
③at this rate照这样
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①Well,that’s a good piece of news (不管怎么说).?
②Local businesses are closing (以……的
速度) three a year.?
③ (照这样),she would be almost seven feet
tall by then.?
答案:①at any rate ②at a/the rate of ③At this rate
特别提示:at any rate表示“无论如何”,强调事情的真实性;作“至少”讲时,表示所说的事情根据确切。
13.in vain 徒然,白费力气
①vain attempt/hope/effort 徒劳的尝试/希望/努力
②It is vain to do sth.做某事是无益的
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①I tried to persuade him to quit smoking,but (白
费力气).?
②It is vain (take) an exam without careful preparation.?
答案:①in vain ②to take
14.wipe out 使疲惫不堪;勾销;去除;彻底毁灭
①wipe sth.from/off sth.从……上擦去某物
②wipe away 擦去;擦掉
③wipe down 把(表面)彻底擦干净
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①The city (彻底毁灭) by the earthquake.?
②Wipe your tears and get down to your work.?
答案:①was wiped out ②away
15.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.
不幸的是,很难抓住使用违禁药物的运动员。
本句为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句式,it作形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语。
①在“It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”句式中,作表语的形容词
说明不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,difficult,
important,necessary,vital,possible等。
②在该句式中,作表语的形容词为说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性
格时,则把介词for改为of,构成句式:“It is+adj.+of sb.to
do sth.”。常见的形容词有:kind,nice,good,clever,wise,
careful,stupid,foolish,rude等。
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①On horseback it is possible (get) quite close to elephants,
giraffes and many other animals.?
②It is more sensible people to slow down and enjoy an easy
life in their old age.?
③It is clever you to work out the math problem.?
答案:①to get ②for ③of
Unit 21 Human Biology
能力提升题组训练(A)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018衡水一中模拟)
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese,Italy on March 6,1475.He was still young when his family moved to Florence where Michelangelo grew up.His mother died when he was only six years old.Growing up in Florence during the Italian Renaissance was the perfect stage of young Michelangelo’s life.Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.
At the age of thirteen,he went to learn from Domenico Ghirlandaio,who was not only a painter but also an artist.Michelangelo’s talents became apparent as he worked for Domenico.Within a year or so Domenico sent him to the powerful Medici family to continue his training under the sculptor(雕刻家) Bertoldo di Giovanni. Michelangelo was able to work with some of the finest artists and philosophers of the time.During the next few years,Michelangelo produced many famous sculptures including Madonna of the Steps,Battle of the Centaurs and Bacchus.
In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome.A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pity/La Pieta.It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art.Today this sculpture sits in St.Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican.It is the only piece of art that Michelangelo signed.
Michelangelo’s fame(名声) as a great artist began to grow.He returned to Florence and was asked to create a large statue of David.It took him a couple of years to finish the giant statue.The piece of marble(大理石) he began with was very tall and thin.Many people didn’t think he could do much with it.He worked without letting anyone see it until it was finished.David became Michelangelo’s most famous work of art.It is thirteen feet tall and is the largest statue made since Ancient Rome.It is considered by many experts in art to be a nearly perfect sculpture.Today the statue sits at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence,Italy.
1.What can we learn about Michelangelo as a young child?
A.He lived a very hard life.
B.He showed great interest in art.
C.He wanted to go to Florence very much.
D.He didn’t have much time to learn painting.
2.Michelangelo was sent to work under the sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni most probably because .?
A.Michelangelo had lost his interest in painting
B.Domenico didn’t think Michelangelo had a gift for painting
C.Bertoldo di Giovanni offered to show Michelangelo sculptures
D.Domenico wanted Michelangelo to make better use of his gift there
3.What sculpture by Michelangelo will you see in St.Peter’s Basilica?
A.Bacchus. B.The Pity/La Pieta.
C.Madonna of the Steps. D.Battle of the Centaurs.
4.When Michelangelo began his work on creating a large statue of David,many people .?
A.couldn’t wait to make fun of his work
B.thought he would finish it within months
C.knew it would be his most famous work of art
D.didn’t think he would make good use of it
语篇解读:米开朗基罗是意大利文艺复兴时期著名的艺术家,本文向我们介绍了一些他的生平事迹。
答案及剖析:
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.”可推断,米开朗基罗小时候就对艺术很感兴趣。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的第二、三句可推断,Domenico 是为了米开朗基罗能更好地利用自己的天赋才把他送到Bertoldo di Giovanni 那里去工作的。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二至四句可知,应选B。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many people didn’t think he could do much with it.”可知,一开始很多人认为那块大理石不适合雕刻作品。
Ⅱ.七选五(2018河北衡水高三检测)
What Is Emotional Eating?
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger.1. Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test? But when done a lot—especially without realizing it—emotional eating can affect weight,health and overall well-being.?
Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings.2. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes,people often turn to food when they’re stressed out,lonely,sad,anxious or bored.But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too,like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast.Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events,like a death or a divorce.3. ?
Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done.4. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating.But it is possible.And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on.?
We’re all emotional eaters to a degree.But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem,causing serious weight gain or other problems.One trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone,the feelings that cause it remain.5. That’s why it helps to know the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger.Next time you reach for a snack,wait and think about which type of hunger is driving it.?
A.Believe it or not,we’ve all been there.
B.If a crying boy gets some cookies,he may link cookies with comfort.
C.One study found that people who eat food like pizza become happy afterwards.
D.And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you like.
E.But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it.
F.Boys seem to prefer hot homemade comfort meals,while girls go for chocolate and ice cream.
G.More often,though,it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort in food.
答案:1-5 AEGBD
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was in sixth grade,it was clear there were only two options.I could somehow be cool,or I could somehow be invisible(看不见的).And I was doing pretty well at option two.Until one day,when a teacher had us 1 a questionnaire with “get to know you” questions.?
I assumed that she would be reading them privately,so I felt 2 to share my thoughts.The teacher 3 the sheets,mixed them,and redistributed them to the class.We 4 one by one.We’d 5 the student’s name and then our two favorite answers.My sheet 6 in the hands of a kid who was one of the meanest.?
The first question was “What’s your favorite movie?”He read my answer,Beauty and the Beast.A laugh erupted,and my cheeks 7 .?
The next question he read was “Where would you like to 8 ?”The others had said “Australia,”“Japan.”I 9 ,“Wherever a book takes me.”?
The 10 this time had an explosive(爆炸性的) quality to it.The kids were high-fiving.I 11 about an inch tall.?
But then,something 12 happened.A voice from the back of the room said,“Guys, 13 it out.”And the room went 14 .The voice belonged to Michelle Siever,and she was popular and cool.Michelle Siever had great 15 .The room was quiet.?
I don’t remember the teacher or the kids’ names, 16 I remember Michelle Siever’s name.I remember how it felt when she 17 for me because she showed me that day that we 18 have three options.?
You can be 19 ,and you might be remembered for a little while.You can be invisible,and you won’t be remembered at all. 20 ,if you stand up for somebody when they need you most,then you will be remembered as their hero.?
1.A.share B.prepare C.design D.complete
2.A.safe B.anxious C.worried D.proud
3.A.handed out B.collected C.put away D.kept
4.A.asked B.tried C.made D.went
5.A.read B.write C.check D.choose
6.A.took off B.gave up C.broke down D.ended up
7.A.hurt B.burned C.changed D.dropped
8.A.meet B.pass C.travel D.work
9.A.wrote B.repeated C.imagined D.remembered
10.A.laughter B.comment C.complaint D.surprise
11.A.stood B.thought C.felt D.grew
12.A.disturbing B.amusing C.annoying D.amazing
13.A.cut B.run C.send D.leave
14.A.dark B.silent C.empty D.noisy
15.A.patience B.judgment C.confidence D.influence
16.A.but B.when C.so D.if
17.A.took over B.turned up C.spoke up D.showed off
18.A.hardly B.actually C.never D.just
19.A.kind B.creative C.brave D.cool
20.A.As usual B.After all C.However D.Besides
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在他六年级时发生的一件令他难忘的事情。
答案及剖析:
1.D 根据下文的share my thoughts,mixed them,and redistributed them to the class可知,老师应该是让学生“完成(complete)”一份调查问卷。
2.A 作者以为老师会在私下里阅读这些调查问卷,所以他觉得写出自己真实的想法是“安全的(safe)”。
3.B 根据下文的mixed them,and redistributed them to the class可知,学生完成调查问卷之后,老师将其“收起来(collected)”,打乱,然后重新发给学生。
4.D 我们一个一个来。go在此表示“进行”。
5.A 根据下文的He read my answer,The next question he read可知,老师要求我们把分到手中的调查问卷上的名字以及两个最喜欢的回答“读(read)”出来。
6.D 作者的调查问卷到了一个最刻薄的孩子手中。end up最后到达。
7.B 男孩读完作者的答案后,大家哄堂大笑。因此,作者应该是羞得脸颊发烧。burn此处的意思是“因……而感觉发热”。
8.C 根据下文的回答Australia,Japan,Wherever a book takes me.可以推断,问题应该是“你想去哪里‘旅行(travel)’”。
9.A Wherever a book takes me是作者“写(wrote)”的答案。
10.A 根据下文的The kids were high-fiving(孩子们在击掌欢呼)可知应该选laughter。
11.C 孩子们都嘲笑作者,所以他应该是“感觉(felt)”自己很渺小。此处描述了作者当时羞愧的心情。
12.D 根据下文有人替作者说话可知,正当作者羞愧难耐时,“不可思议的(amazing)”事情发生了。
13.A 根据下文的The room was quiet.可知,Michelle Siever让大家打住。cut it out不再做(恼人的事);不再说(恼人的话)。
14.B 根据下文的The room was quiet可知,Michelle Siever发话之后,教室里“安静(silent)”了。
15.D 根据对Michelle Siever的描述she was popular and cool以及她发话之后教室立刻安静了下来可知,Michelle Siever很有“影响力(influence)”。
16.A 前后分句之间为转折关系,故选but。作者不记得老师和其他孩子的名字,但是他记得Michelle Siever的名字。
17.C 根据Michelle Siever所说的话可知,她是在维护作者,为作者说话。speak up for sb.(为某人明确而坦率地说出想法)符合语境。
18.B 作者开头指出他一直觉得人生只有两种选择,要么很酷,要么让人注意不到你。此处是说Michelle Siever的举动让作者明白我们“实际上(actually)”可以有三种选择。
19.D 最后一段承接上段末句we...have three options。第一句说的是第一种选择,第二句即第二种选择,最后一句为第三种选择。此处与开头呼应I could somehow be cool,or I could somehow be invisible。故选cool。
20.C 此处表示转折,故选However。你可以很酷,被别人记住一段时间,你也可以被别人忽视。但是,如果你在别人最需要的时候给予他们支持和帮助的话,你会成为他们心目中的 英雄。
PAGE
1
Unit 21 Human Biology
能力提升题组训练(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018四川德阳高三二诊)
The World Health Organization says that the disease polio is no longer widespread in India.In 2009,half of the world’s cases of polio were there.But in 2011,there was only one new case of polio in the country.
Polio is caused by a virus.It spreads very quickly from one person to another. Victims often lose the use of their arms and legs.In the most serious cases,polio can kill a person.
Twenty-five years ago,polio affected about 200,000 children in India each year.The United Nations children’s organization,UNICEF,sent teams of health workers into local villages.Team members told families in their neighborhood about the importance of giving liquid medicine to children to protect them against polio.
But it was not easy at first.A member said,“They used to think that our children will not be able to have children when they grow up if they get the drops.They used to think like this.But now they don’t.Now they allow their kids to get the drops.” Now things have changed.Asma Khatun is a mother in the town of Ghaziabad in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh.She said,“Whenever anyone comes,we get the children vaccinated(接种疫苗).Even if nobody came to our house,we would send our children to a clinic to get vaccinated.”
A local Muslim leader says the vaccination campaign has been successful because it is supported by religious leaders.He said,“The polio vaccination campaign has been successful here because our Muslim scholars are with us.With their support,we are able to make people understand that giving children the vaccine is beneficial and crucial.”
The Indian government has now launched a new campaign to vaccinate 170 million children under the age of five.The campaign will target newborn babies,migrants and people living in poor,crowded areas where the disease spreads more quickly.
1.What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To tell the world how to fight against polio.
B.To tell us good news about fighting against polio in India.
C.To prove that with good methods polio can be prevented.
D.To explain why people in India are no longer afraid of polio.
2.We learn that when parents in India were first advised to get their children vaccinated,they .?
A.didn’t believe it could prevent polio
B.became relaxed and believed it would work
C.were afraid it would do harm to their children
D.were afraid it would make their children die
3.What is Muslim leaders’ attitude towards getting children vaccinated now?
A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Uncaring. D.Worried.
4.We know from the last paragraph that the new campaign .?
A.was started by the World Health Organization
B.is successful mainly because of Muslim scholars
C.aims at 170 million children under the age of five
D.mainly targets people living in poor and crowded areas
语篇解读:本文是记叙文,主要讲了全世界的人们是如何打败脊髓灰质炎这种疾病的。
答案及剖析:
1.A 写作意图题。根据第一段中的The World Health Organization says that the disease polio is no longer widespread in India.In 2009,half of the world’s cases of polio were there.But in 2011,there was only one new case of polio in the country.可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉人们,全世界是如何打败脊髓灰质炎这种疾病的,故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They used to think that our children will not be able to have children when they grow up if they get the drops.They used to think like this.But now they don’t.Now they allow their kids to get the drops.”可知,当印度的家长第一次被建议给他们的孩子接种疫苗时,他们担心疫苗会伤害他们的孩子,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,现在伊斯兰教的领袖对孩子们接种疫苗持支持态度,故选A。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Indian government has now launched a new campaign to vaccinate 170 million children under the age of five.可知选C。
B
(2018湖北黄冈高三联考)
About a century ago,the average life-span (寿命) for Americans was about 50 years.Today,the typical American lives for around seventy-eight years.
According to a German aging study,the maximum lifespan in industrialized countries has increased by two years every decade since the mid-19th century.What accounts for such increased longevity? Between 1900 and 1950,inventions such as refrigeration(制冷技术)and sewage treatment(污水处理) meant that young people were able to survive longer.Moreover,medical breakthroughs helped contain diseases such as polio(小儿麻痹症),which killed many children.These advances helped increase the average life span.
Medical discoveries after World War Ⅱ tended to benefit older people. Treatments for heart disease,for example,have allowed the elderly to live longer on average.So does this mean that future medical breakthroughs will result in even longer average lifespans,or have we reached our limit? Scientists disagree.
Some argue that if science is one day able to remove disease and old-age infirmity,there will be virtually no limit on how long humans can live.Some even predict that by the year 2150,the average life span will have increased to around 120 years.
Other life-expectancy researchers find that scenario(假设) highly unlikely.Our bodies’ cells can keep reproducing for only so long before they peter out(分裂).Only when science finds a way to keep our cells dividing longer will we see another significant leap in life expectancy.
Still,with plenty of exercise and a healthy diet,those who hold the view can always hope that they’ll live long enough to break the record held by Jeanne Louise Calment of France,who lived to be 122.
5.Compared with the average life-span about a century ago,the typical American lives about years longer at present.?
A.50 B.78 C.28 D.42
6.After World War Ⅱ,the longer average life spans mainly resulted from .?
A.refrigeration and sewage treatment B.medical breakthroughs
C.keeping the cells dividing longer D.reducing polio
7.What is the scientists’ attitude towards the view “we have reached our life-span limit”?
A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Optimistic. D.Disapproving.
8.According to some life-expectancy researchers,keeping our bodies’ cells reproducing before they peter out may be .?
A.impossible B.possible C.exciting D.concerning
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,通过美国人寿命的延长分析了人类寿命延长的原因,以及科学家对寿命延长的看法。
答案及剖析:
5.C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知,一个世纪之前,美国人的平均寿命是大约50岁。今天,美国人的平均寿命是大约78岁;故与一个世纪前相比,现在的美国人大约多活28年,选C。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Medical discoveries after World War Ⅱ tended to benefit older people.可知,二战之后,主要是医学发现导致人类寿命增长,故选B。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句have we reached our limit? Scientists disagree.可知,科学家不同意我们已经到达寿命极限的观点,disapproving不赞成的。故选D。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Other life-expectancy researchers find that scenario(假设) highly unlikely.Our bodies’ cells can keep reproducing for only so long before they peter out(分裂).可知,让我们的体细胞在分裂之前一直复制是非常不可能的,故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
If you consider after-school activities as a waste of time,you are wrong! After-school activities help us grow up 1. many ways.Above all,they offer us chances to practise 2. we learn in class.Through various 3. (activity),we can also learn more about today’s society and a lot of new things that we can’t learn from 4. (we) books.What’s more,they help develop our abilities that 5. (need) both for our studies now and for our work and life in the future.?
We are busy with our studies in school.So,as far as I’m 6. (concern), after school we all need to relax.After-school activities just make it possible for us 7. (breathe) fresh air and remove 8. (tired).Then,we can pay attention to our studies and achieve good results.?
Some after-school activities will make us useful and helpful to others;some can keep us strong and 9. (health);some may even change our life.So,all the students,get out and take 10. active part in various after-school activities.?
答案及剖析:
1.in 考查介词。表示“以某种方式”用in...way。
2.what 考查宾语从句。动词practise后为一宾语从句,从句中缺少learn的宾语,故填what。
3.activities 考查名词复数。形容词various修饰可数名词的复数形式。
4.our 考查代词。修饰名词books用形容词性物主代词。
5.are needed 考查时态和语态。关系代词that代替our abilities,与动词need之间存在被动关系,根据主句中的谓语动词help可知,此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are needed。
6.concerned 考查非谓语动词。as far as I’m concerned为固定短语,意为“在我看来”。
7.to breathe 考查非谓语动词。it为形式宾语,真正宾语是动词不定式to breathe fresh air and remove 8. (tired)。?
8.tiredness 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处作宾语,故用提示词的名词形式。故填tiredness。
9.healthy 考查形容词。与and之前的形容词strong并行。
10.an 考查冠词。take an active part in sth.意为“积极参加某事”。
Ⅲ.书面表达(2018吉林长春高三二模)
假设你是李华,你班同学在今天的英语课上就“高中生是否应该在学校使用智能手机”进行了课堂讨论,同学们的观点不一。请你根据下表内容,为本次课堂讨论结果撰写一篇英文报道稿,内容包括:
1.讨论的话题;
2.支持理由:联系父母方便;上网便捷,有益学习;
3.反对理由:影响学习;消磨意志;
4.你的观点。
注意:1.词数100左右(开头已写好,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Smartphones are becoming more and more necessary for high school students.?
?
?
?
?
One possible version:
Smartphones are becoming more and more necessary for high school students. Therefore,today in our English class a discussion was held about whether we senior high school students should use our smartphones at school.Opinions are different.
Students who are in favor of it consider it convenient to contact their parents when necessary.Besides,they point out it is smartphones that give them access to the Internet and thus benefit their studies.While others hold the opposite opinion.They find it easy for some students to be addicted to playing smartphones, which has a negative effect on their studies.Worse still,it can also weaken the students’ will.
Personally,as long as you can control yourself and use it properly,you can take it.
PAGE
1
