(共13张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
答案:1.talked into 2.dealing with 3.To be honest
1.Finally my deskmate was (劝服) swimming with me.
2.She is so young that she isn’t good at (对付)
such a person.
3. (说实话),I don’t like him very much.?
4.I (禁不住想) he knows more than he has
told us.?
5.The essay is wonderfully written (就……
来说) its language application.
答案:4.can’t help thinking 5.in terms of
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
Most students do an IQ test early in their school career because they believe that it is IQ 1. determines how well they’re going to do in life.2. ,new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ.Professor Salovey,who invented the term EQ,gives the following 3. (describe):At work,IQ helps you get a job but it is EQ that gets you 4. (promote).Supported by his academic research,Professor Salovey suggests that when 5. (predict) someone’s future success,their character,as measured by EQ tests,might 6. . (actual) matter more than their IQ.?
答案:1.that 2.However 3.description 4.promoted 5.predicting 6.actually 7.deserve 8.up 9.mistaken 10.association
This may be right.For example,some smartest students,who you think 7. (deserve) good grades,sometimes end 8. failing the exam because of their low EQ.People are often 9. (mistake) in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.This
10. (associate) can exist,but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ.?
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
答案:1.to 2.for 3.higher
1.A bright red cloud enveloped the animal,and Mac’s relief,
it fell back,shaking its head.(2017浙江卷)?
2.According to the World Bank,China accounts about 30
percent of total global fertilizer consumption.
(2018全国Ⅱ,语法填空)
3.The (high) you stand,the more you will see.?
4.She became famous through her (associate) with the group
of poets.
5.Not many people agree with the government’s (predict)
that the economy will improve.?
6. (devote) to the research,the scientist has no time to
play with his children.?
7.She showed a lack of (judge) when she gave Mark the job.?
答案:4.association 5.prediction 6.Devoted 7.judgement
8.The girl is working so hard that she deserves (praise).?
9.There is some doubt he will be elected.?
10.Honestly speaking,I found the play very boring beyond
(describe).
答案:8.praise/to be praised/praising 9.whether/if 10.description
答案:1.将desires改为desire 2.concentrate后加on 3.将第二个to改为with 4.将Judged改为Judging
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.Few people I know seem to have much desires or time to cook.
(2018浙江,语法填空)
2.From then on,I began to concentrate every small thing in my
studies.
3.He no longer wished to be associated to the party’s policy on
education.
4.Judged by the number of cars parked there,he thought,there were
not many people at the club.
5.He ended in his letter with good wishes to the family.
6.The more harder you work,the more progress you will get.
7.All donations collected from our school will be grateful received.
8.There’s some doubt that he will pass the driving test.
9.When he goes back to his hometown,he can’t help remember his
childhood.
10.It was in France where he met that girl for the first time.
答案:5.将in改为up 6.去掉第一个more 7.将grateful改为gratefully 8.将that改为whether 9.将remember改为remembering 10.将where改为that
微写作
答案:1.The young driver always concentrated on making more money to support his family.
2.However,recently he was accused of drunk driving and sentenced to six months in prison by the judge.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
1.这位年轻的司机一直专注于赚更多的钱来养家。
?
2.但是最近他被指控酒驾并被法官判处六个月监禁。
?
答案:3.One of his friends confirmed that facing the great work pressure,he sometimes felt upset and drank some beer to relieve himself.
4.But the more beer he drank,the worse he felt.
3.他的一位朋友证实因为工作压力太大,他有时会感到沮丧并喝点啤酒来解脱
自己。
?
4.但是越喝啤酒心情越差。
?
答案:5.In the citizens’ opinion,since the driver proved to be drunk driving,he deserved the punishment.
5.市民认为,既然这名司机被证实酒驾,就理应受到惩罚。
?
(共53张PPT)
必修5
Unit 13 People
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. n.长处,优势
vt.加强
2. v.集中(思想、注意力等);聚集
n.专注,专心;集中
3. vt.联想,联系 vi.结交n.伙伴
n.协会,联盟;联想,合作
4. vt.预言,预测,预告
n.预测,预言
n.预言家
adj.可预测的
strength
strengthen
concentrate
concentration
associate
association
predict
prediction
predictor
predictable
单
词
拓
展
5. vt.控告,指控,谴责
adj.被控告的
n.指控
6. n.满足,满意
adj.令人满意的
vt.使满意;使确信
adj.感到满意的
7. n.缺点;错误
vt.挑剔,指责
adj.有错误的
accuse
accused
accusation
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfy
satisfied
fault
faulty
单
词
拓
展
8. n.减轻,宽慰;缓解
vt.使轻松(宽慰);缓解
9. n.(银行)账户;描述;解释
vi.说明;占
n.会计人员,会计师
10. vt.评判n.法官;裁判员
n.意见,评价;判断(力)
11. vt.专心致志于
adj.献身的,忠实的
n.忠诚
relief
relieve
account
accountant
judge
judgment
devote
devoted
devotion
单
词
拓
展
12. vi.怒视n.强光;怒视;炫耀
adj.刺目的;明显的
13. n.表情;表达能力
vt.表示 adj.快速的;明确的
adj.有表现力的
14. v.证实,肯定
n.证实
adj.习惯的,确定的
15. adj.独立的
n.独立
16. vt.获得;增加
glare
glaring
expression
express
expressive
confirm
confirmation
confirmed
independent
independence
gain
单
词
拓
展
17. vt.应得,值得,应受
18. n.渴望,欲望
vt.渴望;要求,请求
19. vi.躲避
n. 掩蔽处;住所;保护
vt.庇护
20. adj.过敏的
21.description n. .
22.disability n. .
23.appropriately adv. .
deserve
desire
shelter
allergic
描述,形容
残疾;无能力
适当地
单
词
拓
展
1.talk sb. doing sth. 说服某人做某事
2.in of 在……方面,从……方面来说
3.end 结果为……;以……结束
4. anything 如果有区别的话
5.can’t doing sth. 禁不住要做某事
6.draw 起草,拟订;(使)停住
7. be honest 坦率地说
8.be popular 受……欢迎
9.deal 处理;应对
into
terms
up
if
help
up
to
with
with
短
语
记
忆
1.On the other hand, .
people with low EQs often have problems getting on with
other people and dealing with difficult situations...
另一方面,毫无疑问,低情商的人在与别人相处和处理艰难处境方面
常常有困难……
2.I really dislike he eats garlic for lunch.
我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。
3.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, .
I got, I was able to concentrate.
我越来越烦躁。当然,越烦躁越难集中精力。
there
is
little
doubt
that
the
it
when
more
upset
the
less
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.concentrate vt.& vi.集中(思想、注意力等)
①concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(干)某事
②concentrate one’s attention/efforts/thoughts...
on/upon...集中注意力/努力/思想于……
类似的表达还有:
①fix/focus one’s attention on/upon sth.专心干某事
②bury oneself in专心致志于某事
③apply oneself/one’s mind to...专心于……
④be lost in全神贯注于……
⑤be absorbed in专心于……
归纳拓展
高考运用:
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order
to concentrate her studies.(2017全国Ⅲ,语法填空)?
②You should concentrate your attention your work.?
答案:①on ②on
写作联想:高考运用②其他表达方式
①You should fix your attention on/upon your work.
②You should focus your attention on/upon your work.
③You should apply yourself/your mind to your work.
④You should be absorbed in your work.
2.associate vt.联想,联系 vi.结交
n.同事,伙伴
adj.副的
①associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把……和……联系在一
起;由……联想到……
②be associated with...和……有关
③associate with sb.与(尤指他人不赞同的)人交往
④in association with与……合作/合伙
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①with ②with
①To be honest,I’ve never associated you this place.?
②We work in association some local companies to raise
money for the homeless.?
3.deserve vt.应得,值得
①deserve attention/consideration/care 值得注意/考
虑/关心
②deserve to do sth.应该做某事
③deserve doing=deserve to be done值得做某事(该用法
与need/want/require一样,deserve后的动词与前面的主
语构成逻辑上的动宾关系)
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①deserves ②to win ③to be respected/respecting
①The new plan (deserve) serious consideration.?
②To do her justice,we must admit that she did deserve (win).
③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that
deserve (respect).
4.accuse vt.控告,指责
①accuse sb.of (doing) sth.控告/指责某人做了某事
②accuse sb.as 控告/指责某人为……
③make an accusation (against sb.) (对某人)提出指控
④the accused 被告
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①of ②Accused
①I don’t think anyone can accuse him being dishonest.?
② (Accuse) of abuse of power,he was put into prison.?
特别提示:与accuse接一样结构的动词还有:inform/rob/rid/remind/warn/
cure/suspect。
词语辨析:
accuse “控告,指责”,多用于指当面指控某人的罪行,未必诉诸法律。常与介词of连用。
charge “指控”,指依法正式提出控告,指控某人违法乱纪的罪行。常与介词with连用。
blame “指责,责备”,指对不好的事情或做错事的人给予指责或责备。常与介词for连用。
They were charged with receiving stolen goods.
他们被指控收受赃物。
Are you accusing me of lying?
你是在指责我说谎吗?
Who is to blame for the fire?
这场火灾该由谁负责?
5.desire vt.期望,渴望
n.渴望,欲望
①desire (sb.) to do sth.希望(某人)做某事
②desire that sb.(should) do sth.希望某人做某事
③have a strong desire for sth.迫切需要得到,对……
有强烈的渴望
④have (no) desire to do sth.(不)想做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①to live ②to study ③(should) be given
①Everyone desires (live) in a world free of worries and
pains.
②He desired his son (study) abroad when he graduated from
college.?
③I desire that he (give) an opportunity to explain his case.
特别提示:①desire不用于进行时态。②desire用作名词时,其后的同位语从句或表语从句要用虚拟语气。
6.satisfaction n.满意,满足
①to one’s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb.
使某人感到满意的是
②have/get the satisfaction of doing sth.得到做某
事的满意补偿
③be satisfied with sth./ to do sth.对(做)某事感到
满意
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①satisfaction ②satisfied
①To our (satisfy),the summer holidays came.?
②It’s clear that our teacher is (satisfy) with what we’ve
done.?
7.fault n.(在性格或办事方式上的)缺点,毛病;(对错误所负的)责任;过失,
过错
①be one’s fault 是某人的错
②at fault有过错
③find fault with...对……吹毛求疵,找……的茬
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①my ②at ③with
①It is (I) fault that the brakes don’t work properly.?
②I think the owners are fault for not warning us.?
③However,life can be great when you are not busy finding fault
it.
8.relief n.宽慰,轻松;解脱;减轻;救济(金)
①to one’s great relief=much to one’s relief 使某
人大为放心的是,使某人深感宽慰的是
②a sense of relief 一种解脱感
③with/in relief 宽慰地
④relieve sb.of...解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①relief ②with/in ③of
①To my (relieve),my daughter has passed the interview.?
②She sighed relief when she heard the good news.?
③The new secretary will relieve us some of the paperwork.?
9.shelter vi.躲避,遮蔽,庇护
n.遮蔽,掩护;保护;避难
vt.掩蔽,隐蔽;保护,庇护;为……提供避难所
①shelter from sth.躲避某事
②shelter...from...保护……免受……
③take shelter from...躲避……
④under the shelter of...在……的庇护下
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①from ②from
①He had a gift for doing housework,sheltering me unpleasant
repair jobs.
②We took shelter the storm in a store that day.?
10.account n.(银行)账户;账目;说明;叙述;理由;计算
vi.& vt.认为;说明;解释
①on account of=because of 因为
②on no account 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
③on any account无论如何
④take account of=take sth.into account/
consideration把……考虑在内
⑤account for解释,说明;占……(比例);是……的原因
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①on account of ②On no account ③takes account of
①My mother retired early (因为) ill
health.?
② (决不) should the house be left
unlocked.
③The company (考虑到) environmental
issues wherever possible.?
11.judge vt.评判;判断
n.法官;裁判员
①judging by/from根据……作出判断,从……来看
②judge...by/from 根据……来判断
③judge sb./sth.(to be)+n./adj.认为某人/某物是……
④judge sb.on sth.凭借某事判断某人
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①by/from ②Judging
①You should never judge a person their looks.?
② (judge) from her accent,she must be from the North.?
特别提示:judging by/from常置于句首,作状语,不需要考虑其与逻辑主语之间的逻辑关系,总是用-ing形式。
12.devote vt.献身于,专心致力于
①devote one’s time/energy/effort/money etc.to
(doing) sth.为……付出时间/精力/努力/金钱等
②devote oneself to...献身于……,专心致力于……
③be devoted to...专心于……;对……忠诚/热爱
④devotion to...对……的忠诚/奉献/热爱
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①to ②to ③devotion
①I’ve been given a second life to devote something that
is meaningful and enormous.(2017天津,完形填空)
②Mother Teresa has devoted herself caring for the poor.?
③His (devote) to science is well known.?
写作联想:高考运用②其他表达方式
①Mother Teresa has put her heart into caring for the poor.
②Mother Teresa has concentrated her mind on caring for the poor.
特别提示:devote,devoted,devotion等后的to为介词,后面要接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语,不可接动词原形。
13.talk sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事
①talk...out of (doing) sth.说服……不做某事
②persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
③persuade sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做
某事
④argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①into ②to make ③going
①I was,nevertheless,talked going on another fun-filled
holiday in the wilderness.(2017全国Ⅰ,七选五)?
②I managed to persuade him (make) a journey with me.?
③She finally argued him into (go) out for a drink with her.
14.in terms of在……方面,就……来说;根据……来解释
①in sb.’s terms在某人看来
②in the long/short term就长期/短期而言
③on good/bad terms with sb.与某人关系好/不好
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①In terms of ②in the long term ③on
① (在……方面) salary,the new job is
really attractive.?
②The project is beneficial to the villagers .
(从长远看).
③We are good terms with the local villagers.?
15.end up最终成为,以……结束(尤指意料之外的)
①end up doing sth.终止做某事,结束做某事
②end up with...以……结束/告终
③end in 结果为……;以……告终
④put an end to=come to an end终止,结束
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①hitting ②with ③in
①At last I ended up (hit) the TV set with my fist,and it
stopped working altogether.?
②Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just end up
sweet dreams.?
③Even a successful inventor makes many experiments that end
failure.?
16.if anything如果有什么不同的话,如果有区别的话
①if possible如果可能的话
②if necessary如果必要的话
③if ever如果曾经有过的话(表示频率)
④if any如果有的话(表示数量)
⑤if only要是……就好了;要是,若是(常与虚拟语气连用)
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①If anything ②If possible ③if any
① (如果有什么不同的话),he is a little better today.
② (如果可能的话),I’ll go to see her when I arrive
there.
③I don’t suppose there will be more than a dozen left, .
(如果有的话).
特别提示:if only常常引导虚拟条件句或感叹句,意为“但愿,要是……就好了”,表示愿望。
17.can’t help doing sth.身不由己地去做某事,情不自禁地做某事
①can not help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
②can’t/couldn’t help but do sth.不可能不做某事
③can’t help it 不是(某人的过错);忍不住
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①laughing ②wonder ③(to) clean
①All the students couldn’t help (laugh) when they heard
the joke.
②She couldn’t help but (wonder) what he was thinking.?
③I’m very busy,so I can’t help (clean) the room.?
18.On the other hand,there is little doubt that people with low EQs
often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with
difficult situations...
另一方面,毫无疑问,低情商的人在与别人相处和处理艰难处境方面常常有困
难……
①There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问……
②I have no doubt that...我确信……
③There is a/some doubt whether...是否……还有疑问
④in doubt不太有把握,不能肯定
⑤no doubt多半;很可能
⑥without/beyond/out of doubt毫无疑问
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①that ②in doubt ③no doubt
①There is no doubt the way we use memory is changing.?
②The success of the system is still (不能肯定).?
③My brothers can (很可能) remember hours spent
cleaning the house.(2016浙江,阅读理解D)
特别提示:当doubt所在的主句为否定句或疑问句时,后面的从句常由that引导,为肯定句时常用whether/if引导。
You can complain,but I doubt if/whether it’ll make any difference.
你可以投诉,但是在我看来未必有用。
I don’t doubt that the gold ring belongs to her.
我确定那枚金戒指是她的。
19.I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.
我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。
①“dislike it+从句”可看作固定句型。英语中,动词like,
love,enjoy,hate,appreciate,dislike,have,take等词后
需先接形式宾语it,再跟宾语从句。
②类似用法还有see to it that...“务必”;depend on it
that...“依赖/相信”;take it for granted that...
“认为……是理所当然的”; I would appreciate it
if...“如果……我将十分感激的。”等。
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①it ②it ③it
①Many women dislike when men smoke in their presence.?
②He hates when people use his bike.?
③I would appreciate if you could teach me how to use the
computer.
20.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course,the more upset
I got,the less I was able to concentrate.
我越来越烦躁。当然,越烦躁越难集中精力。
①这是一个并列句。前一分句中含有“比较级+and+比较级”
结构表示“越来越……”,后一分句含有“the+比较级,
the+比较级”句型表示“越……就越……”。
②在“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”的句型中,第一个
“the+比较级……”相当于条件状语从句,第二个“the+比
较级……”相当于主句。
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①more and more exciting ②the more unhappy
①The story gets (越来越激动人心).?
②The more he thought like this, (越是不开心) he became.
Unit 13 People
能力提升题组训练(A)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔高三一模)
The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed this way because threats,like dangerous animals,had a more immediate effect on our ancestors’ survival compared to positive things like food or shelter. As a result,you likely know what makes you unhappy,but do you know what makes you happy?
Research suggests that our level of happiness depends partly on the factors we cannot control—our genes and our life circumstances. But our level of happiness is also shaped by the choices we make. If you’ve been chasing wealth,fame,good looks,material things and power,you may be looking for happiness in all the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits can make people happier.
People who form close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of friends we have is not important.What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings,mutual respect,acceptance,trust and fun.
People who exercise regularly improve both their physical and mental well-being. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as medication in treating depression.
When we are so interested in an activity we enjoy that we lose track of time,we are in a state of flow. The activity could be making art,playing the piano,surfing,or playing a game. People who experience flow in their work or hobbies tend to be happier.
People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and use them regularly.People who set goals and use their strengths to achieve them tend to be happier. People are especially happy when they can use their strengths to serve the greater good.
People who think positively by being grateful,mindful and optimistic are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful.Being mindful means being open to,focusing on and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.
1.Why does the human brain remember negative things more easily?
A.Negative things are easy to remember.
B.Dangerous wild animals are a threat to us.
C.Our ancestors had no enough food for living.
D.Negative things tend to affect human survival immediately.
2.How does the author like looking for happiness in material things?
A.Uncertain. B.Opposed. C.Supportive. D.Optimistic.
3.What does the author suggest us in the last paragraph?
A.Enjoying our life and work. B.Leading a happy life each day.
C.Being positive in our life and work. D.Thinking more about the future.
4.What does this text mainly tell us?
A.The factors that make people happy.
B.How to remember positive things easily.
C.The habits which people form in their life.
D.Why people remember negative things easily.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。真正能使我们快乐的并不是物质的东西,作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的习惯。
答案及剖析:
1.D 细节推理题。根据第一段中的Our brains have developed this way because threats,like dangerous animals,had a more immediate effect on our ancestors’ survival compared to positive things like food or shelter.可知,负面的东西相对于积极的东西对我们祖先的生存有更直接的影响,所以更容易被记住。故选D。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的If you’ve been chasing wealth,fame,good looks,material things and power,you may be looking for happiness in all the wrong places. 一直追求财富、名誉、美貌、物质和权力,你可能会在所有错误的地方寻找幸福。由此可见作者对寻找物质上的幸福持反对态度,故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段People who think positively by being grateful,mindful and optimistic are more likely to be happy.以及下文几者之间的内在关系可知,作者建议我们在生活和工作中要积极乐观,故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的习惯,如建立亲密关系,经常锻炼,了解自己的优点,感恩,专注,乐观积极的生活态度等。即本文介绍的是使人快乐的因素,故 选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
I realized that instead of thanking the people in my life,I often came up with reasons,excuses,or silence.1. So whenever one of these situations happens,remember that those two words are enough:?
●2. In the Internet age,it’s easy for us to remain unfamiliar as we follow along in someone’s teachings.But a word of thanks can go a long way.If there’s a leader,writer,or someone else on social media whom you regularly learn from,just reach out and say “thank you”.It means a lot for them to receive a kind message.?
●When someone gives you advice,you should say “thank you”.3. Even if you don’t find the person’s advice useful or decide not to follow it,it shows that they’re trying to help.It may be not what you want,but you should think it over.Rather than challenging the advice or ignoring the person,just a simple word of thanks will be good.?
●When someone is by your side,you should say “thank you”.4. Whether he/she is a supportive family member,friend,or teacher,he/she is a person who wants love and acceptance as well.5. You can thank him/her right now.Think of a few people who have helped you or supported you,and send them a message saying,“I just wanted to thank you for the support you’ve given me.”?
A.Don’t be so quick to thank others.
B.Someone’s advice should be taken seriously.
C.You shouldn’t take someone’s advice because it’s often wrong.
D.You don’t need to choose another special occasion to thank him/her.
E.When someone’s words benefit your life,you should say “thank you”.
F.When someone is by your side,it’s easy to forget because he/she is always there.
G.But simply saying the words “thank you” is much more meaningful than anything else.
答案:1—5 GEBFD
Ⅲ.完形填空
The other evening we had a knock at the door.It was a 1 neighbor who introduced himself and his boys to us.He also invited us to a block party as a way to know the people in the 2 as well as celebrate the first anniversary of his two 3 sons coming to live with him.?
We’ve lived here for almost six years and no one has ever come to 4 themselves.I suppose we should have 5 it on to introduce ourselves to people moving in,but we haven’t.In my opinion,it took the initiative(首创) of a young 6 and his adopted sons to show me how I could 7 better attention to my own community.We have many local friends but I have to 8 that I haven’t usually been the one to develop the 9 in my own neighborhood.?
This 10 reminded me of one of my favorite quotes,“When I was a young man,I wanted to change the world.I found it was 11 to change the world,so I tried to change my nation.When I found I couldn’t change the nation,I began to 12 my town.I couldn’t change the town and as a(n) 13 man,I tried to change my 14 .Now,as an old man,I 15 the only thing I can change is myself,and 16 I realize that if long ago I had changed myself,I could have made an impact(影响) on my family and 17 on our town.The impact could have changed the nation and I could indeed have changed the 18 .”?
For those of us who want to make a(n) 19 in the world,it’s important we remember what Bucky Fuller said,“Think globally,but act 20 .” For me,I’m going to make it point to meet more of my neighbors—starting now.?
1.A.familiar B.friendly C.new D.old
2.A.town B.neighborhood C.company D.city
3.A.accepted B.adopted C.adapted D.appointed
4.A.help B.treat C.introduce D.enjoy
5.A.put B.focused C.turned D.taken
6.A.man B.student C.woman D.mother
7.A.draw B.fix C.offer D.pay
8.A.forgive B.admit C.agree D.consider
9.A.habit B.concern C.friendship D.business
10.A.accident B.activity C.thought D.experience
11.A.convenient B.possible C.interesting D.difficult
12.A.make out B.concentrate on C.get into D.refer to
13.A.older B.younger C.smarter D.wiser
14.A.student B.family C.friend D.mind
15.A.realize B.forget C.recognize D.regret
16.A.suddenly B.happily C.actually D.luckily
17.A.ever B.even C.only D.still
18.A.environment B.world C.village D.lifestyle
19.A.decision B.adjustment C.difference D.discovery
20.A.carefully B.selflessly C.immediately D.locally
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。社区来了一位新邻居,他主动把自己和孩子们介绍给社区的人们,这件事情让作者感触很深,由此想到他应该先改变自己,主动和邻居们加深关系。
答案及剖析:
1.C 根据下文的“who introduced himself and his boys to us.”可知,这是一位新(new)邻居。故选C。
2.B 这位新邻居要举办一个宴会来认识社区里的人,并邀请我们参加。neighborhood邻居,社区。故选B。
3.B 根据第二段中的 his adopted sons可知,他的儿子是收养的。adopted收养的。
故选B。
4.C 根据上文who introduced himself and his boys to us.可知,此处应该意为:我们已经住在这里大约六年了,从来没有人来作自我介绍。introduce oneself自我介绍。
5.D 在这个句子中it是形式宾语,后面的不定式是真正的宾语。我们本应该先向新邻居介绍自己的,但是我们没有。take on承担。故选D。
6.A 根据第一段中的himself,He及下文的and his adopted sons可知,这是一个男人,故选A。
7.D 这个男人和他收养的儿子们向“我”显示了“我”应该如何更好地去关注“我”自己的社区。pay attention to注意……故选D。
8.B 此处表示作者进行了反思:我们有很多当地的朋友,但是我不得不承认我通常不是那个促进与邻居之间友谊的人。admit承认。故选B。
9.C 参考上一题的剖析。friendship友谊。故选C。
10.D 根据下文引言的内容可知,是这次经历使我想起了我最喜欢的引言。experience经历。故选D。
11.D 根据下文的so I tried to change my nation.When I found I couldn’t change the nation可知,此处意为:我发现改变世界很难。difficult困难的。故选D。
12.B 根据上文可知,此处意为:当我发现我无法改变我的国家时,我开始把注意力集中在我的城镇上。concentrate on把注意力集中于……故选B。
13.A 根据上文的When I was a young man,I...及下文的Now,as an old man...可知,作者的年龄逐渐增长,所以此处指当自己年龄更大一些的时候,故选A。
14.B 根据上文,作者的改变对象由大到小,及下文的an impact(影响) on my family可知,此处表示:我改变不了城镇,随着年龄的增长我想要改变自己的家庭。family家庭。故选B。
15.A 作者经历了这么多,现在意识到了唯一能改变的就是自己。realize意识到。故选A。
16.A 根据上文作者无法改变世界、国家、城镇、家庭时,意识到唯一能改变的就是自己,所以此处表示“突然”意识到如果很早以前就改变自己的话,那么就可能会改变家庭、城镇、国家乃至世界。suddenly突然;happily高兴地;actually实际上;luckily幸运地。故选A。
17.B 根据上文的I could have made an impact(影响) on my family可知,此处意为:甚至影响我们的城镇。even甚至。故选B。
18.B 此处说的改变对象是由小及大的,“这个影响能够改变国家,那么我就真能改变世界。”故选B。
19.C 这里指想要对世界有影响的人们。make a difference有影响。故选C。
20.D 此处locally与上文的globally形成对比。意为“思想全球化,行动本地化。”故
选D。
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Unit 13 People
能力提升题组训练(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off (下岗的) co-workers out for a drink for comfort. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it’s the latter.
Brendan Burchell,a Cambridge sociologist,presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their jobs show similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. Although a newly jobless person’s mental health may “bottom out” after about six months, and then even begin to improve,the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job “just continues to get worse and worse,” Burchell says.
Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but invisible threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety, for example, while waiting for examination results than knowing what they are suffering from—even if the result is cancer. It’s better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than wait with anxiety. When the uncertainty continues, people stay in a nonstop “fight or flight” response, which leads to damaging stress.
But not every employee in insecure industries has such a discouraging view, Burchell says. In general, women get on better. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains,“For women, most studies show that any job—it doesn’t matter whether it is secure or insecure—gives psychological improvement over unemployment.”Burchell supposes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man’s self-worth depends on his job.
1.Why do researchers think the still employed deserve sympathy more?
A.They have to do more work since then.
B.They have no chance to find better jobs.
C.They have to work with inexperienced workers.
D.They constantly worry about losing their job.
2.What is most likely to cause a “fight or flight” response?
A.Not having a paid job. B.Fierce competition for jobs.
C.Not knowing what will happen. D.Pressure to work longer hours.
3.What will the writer talk about following the last paragraph?
A.Advice on preparing a job interview. B.Advice to those in insecure industries.
C.Some knowledge of psychology. D.Difference in men and women.
4.What could be the best title for the text?
A.Is It Less Stressful to Get Laid Off Than Stay On?
B.Should Greater Sympathy Be Given to the Jobless?
C.Do Employees Bear More Stress Than Ever Before?
D.Do Men or Women Show Higher Levels of Anxiety?
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现与下岗职工相比,在职人员更值得同情,因为担心工作是否稳定、自身的价值能否体现等一系列的心理压力笼罩着他们,让他们的身心备受煎熬。
答案及剖析:
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job “just continues to get worse and worse”可知,研究者之所以认为在职人员更值得同情,是因为在职人员一直处于担心会失去工作的状态中,而且他们的情况会越来越糟。故答案选D。
2.C 细节理解题。结合第三段内容尤其是该段最后一句可知,当不确定性持续下去时,人们会处于一种持续的“战或逃”的反应中,而这会导致损害性压力的产生,故“战或逃”的反应是由不确定会发生什么而引起的。故答案选C。
3.B 推理判断题。首先结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了与下岗职工相比,在职人员更值得同情,因为他们担心会失去工作,这种长久焦虑的精神状态让他们倍感压力。由常理可知,接下来应该谈到给这些焦虑的人们的一些建议或忠告,以帮助他们减缓压力。故答案选B。
4.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文将在职人员与失业人员的心理健康情况进行比较,主要是为了说明在职人员因持续担心会失去工作而倍感压力。故答案选A。
B
(2018山西质检)
The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humor has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost.
When Ratner took over his father’s chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984,he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver decorations. By 1991,Ratner’s company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British business people,he suited up and explained the secret of his success—People say “How can we sell our goods for such a low price?” He says “Because they are absolute rubbish.” His audience burst out laughing. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner’s shops.
Sales fell and six months after his speech, Rainer’s share price had fallen by 42%.The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992,he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse,25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.
5.What are the British noted for according to the passage?
A.Their jewelry shops. B.Their love for jewelry.
C.Their jokes about themselves. D.Their harmless humor.
6.How did Ratner achieve success in his business?
A.He cut down his labor cost.
B.He adopted an effective business model.
C.He employed a lot of new staff.
D.He developed great relations with business VIPs.
7.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “insulted”?
A.Offended. B.Amazed. C.Abused. D. Attracted.
语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了英国著名的品牌珠宝商杰拉尔德·拉特纳在一次演讲中,为了效果穿插了自嘲公司产品的笑话,被媒体报道后这种自嘲反造成巨大舆论危机,最后导致公司倒闭,员工失业。
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves可知,英国人喜欢开自己的玩笑。故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中he introduced a very clear company policy以及By 1991,Ratner’s company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds.可知,杰拉尔德·拉特纳采用了新的营销模式,并取得成效。
7.A 猜测词义题。根据句中画线词后and stayed away from Ratner’s shops可知,顾客对这一玩笑话感到气愤,不再光顾他的商店。故选A项。
Ⅱ.语法填空(2018河北卓越联盟试题)
Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.1. has two major uses. One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial 2. (quantity) of plants. The other is that it is 3. (value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. However, the procedure of cloning is difficult 4. (undertake).?
On the one hand, the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep,5. (make) the whole scientific world follow its process, though it has 6. (many) problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dolly’s 7. (appear) raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8. the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it.9. ,scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10. it is leading us.?
答案及剖析:
1.It 考查代词。It指代上文提到的cloning。
2.quantities 考查名词。quantities of为固定短语,意为“大量的”。
3.valuable 考查形容词。用在be动词之后,构成系表结构。
4.to undertake 考查非谓语动词。形容词后边接动词不定式。
5.made 考查谓语动词。整个句子缺少谓语动词,而且通过句意可知需要用一般过去时。
6.more 考查比较级。句子后边有than。
7.appearance 考查名词。接在所有格之后,并且需要做句子的主语。
8.on 考查介词。have a great impact on...为固定短语,意为“对……有很大的影响”。
9.However 考查副词。根据句意可知,需要表达转折。
10.where 考查名词性从句。该从句中根据句意和语法去考虑,缺少地点状语。
Ⅲ.短文改错
According to a survey publishing by an American university,the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to computers and healths. Some of these will be new jobs,such as bioinformaticians,who combines computer skills with knowledge of biology. Others will be more traditionally. For an example,more home care nurses will be needed to look for the rapidly ageing population. Of course there will be plenty other new jobs,some of that we probably can’t guess. But for those loved the outdoor life,a good bet could be the leisure industry. Therefore,more travel agents and guides to take group will be really needed.
答案:According to a survey by an American university,the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to computers and .Some of these will be new jobs,such as bioinformaticians,who computer skills with knowledge of biology. Others will be more .For example,more home care nurses will be needed to look the rapidly ageing population. Of course there will be plenty other new jobs,some of we probably can’t guess. But for those the outdoor life,a good bet could be the leisure industry. Therefore,more travel agents and guides to take will be really needed.
剖析:调查是被发表的。
health不可数。
先行词是 bioinformaticians,是复数且关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以定语从句中的谓语动词不能用第三人称单数形式。
系表结构,所以要用形容词。
for example是固定短语,意为“例如”。
look after是固定短语,意为“照顾”。
plenty of为固定短语,意为“许多”。
前有逗号且跟在介词后的定语从句关系词不用that。
“那些人”跟“喜欢户外生活”之间是主动关系,所以要用现在分词作定语。
group是可数名词,根据句意,此处应用复数形式。
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