（人教版）高中英语必修2：unit 4 Wildlife protection单元语言点及其练习
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| 名称 | （人教版）高中英语必修2：unit 4 Wildlife protection单元语言点及其练习 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-08-14 17:42:58 | ||
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Unit 4 Wildlife protection语言点
目标认知
重点词汇:
mercy，affect，decrease， loss， reserve，hunt， contain，certain，appreciate，succeed，respond
重点短语:
die out，protect...from...，pay attention to，in danger，come into being, long to,
重点句型:
1.“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构。
2. It will be long before…+从句
知识讲解
重点词汇
【词语精讲】
mercy
【原句回放】Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民们毫不留情的猎杀我们
【点拨】mercy n. [U] [C] 仁慈；宽容；怜悯
常用搭配
at the mercy of sb. /sth. 任……处置；对……无能为力；任由摆布
throw oneself on sb’s mercy 指望某人能宽容
without mercy 残忍地
mercy killing 安乐死
They showed mercy to their enemies. 他们宽容了他们的敌人。
His death was a mercy. 他的死是一种仁慈。 The ship was at the mercy of the storm. 船在暴风雨中随波逐流。
Mercy (on us)! What a noise! 宽恕我们吧。好大的噪音！
【拓展】merciful adj. 仁慈的，宽容的
merciless 残忍的，无怜悯之心的
mercifully adv. 宽厚地，仁慈地
She was merciful to the prisoners. 她对囚犯很仁慈。
This judge is merciless towards anyone found guilty of murder.
这位法官对任何有罪的谋杀犯都很无情。
The play was very bad, but mercifully it was also short!
戏很差，但是幸运的是也很短。
affect
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种影响蚊子的强效药物
【点拨】affect vt. 影响；使感动；假装
The change in climate may affect your health. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康。
Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的观点不会影响我的决定。
Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌症侵袭了他的肺。
We were deeply affected by the news of her death. 我们因为她的去世深受影响。
She affected a foreign accent. 她装出外国腔调。
【拓展】辨析：affect, effect, affection
常用搭配：
have/produce an effect on 对……有影响
come into effect 生效；实施
be of no effect 无效的；无用的
Alcohol affects drivers' concentration. 酒精影响了司机的注意力集中。
=Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers.
He felt great affection for his sister. 他非常喜欢他的妹妹。
Africa has always had a special place in my affections.
非洲在我的心中总有特殊的位置。
decrease
【原句回放】If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease．如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或它们不能找到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
【点拨】decrease
1. vi. & vt. 降低，减少，使(变小)
常用搭配
decrease in 在……方面减少
from 在……基础上减少
to 减少到……
by 减少了……
The new unemployment figures have decreased from last month．
新的失业人数比上个月有所减少。
The newspaper has decreased in size，but not in quality．
这份报纸虽然版面减少了，但质量并未降低。
The member8 decreased to three hundred．会员减少至300人。
The members decreased by three hundred．会员减少了300人。
2. n. 减少，减少的数量
常用搭配：on the decrease 在减少
There has been a steady decrease in population in this city．
这个城市的人口在不断地减少。
【拓展】相关词汇
[近]reduce v. 减少
[反]increase v. 增加
loss
【原句回放】loss of bamboo growing areas 竹子生长地的丧失
【点拨】loss n. [U]损失；遗失；丧失 [C]输，未能赢
常用搭配：
the loss of sth. 损失/丢失/输掉某物
suffer a loss (of) 蒙受损失
make up a loss 弥补损失
at a loss 不知所措，困惑
Did you report the loss of your jewellery to the police?
你有没有把你丢失珠宝的事告诉警方?
The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of that mistake．
因为那次错误，公司损失惨重。
He’ll try his best to make up the loss．他将努力弥补损失。
What made him unhappy was the loss of yesterday’s football match．
昨天的足球比赛输了使他很不高兴。
He was at a loss what to do．他不知所措。
【拓展】lose v. 失去；丢失；损失；输
lost adj. 丢失的，失去的，输掉的
loser n. 失败者
常用搭配
lose one’s way 迷路
lose oneself 迷路，迷失方向；沉湎于lose one’s balance失去平衡
lose a game/match by ( 以……之差)输掉比赛
be lost in 沉迷于
reserve
【原句回放】We drove the car slowly and watched the lions in the nature reserve．我们慢慢驾车观察自然保护区里的狮子。
【点拨】reserve
1. n. 保护区，禁猎区；储藏，储备 常见搭配：
a forest reserve 保护林
a game reserve 禁猎区
in reserve 储备，备用
without reserve 坦率地，毫无保留地
keep a reserve of...for(=reserve sth. for) 保留……以备
I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrow’s match．
我必须为明天的比赛储备充足的体力。
I have little money in reserve．我几乎毫无积蓄。
2. v. 保留；预约，预订 (=book)
You’d better reserve the money for future need．
你最好保留那笔钱以备将来之需。
We must reserve two seats in the cinema．
我们必须在电影院预订两个座位。
【拓展1】reservation n. 保留地；居留地
reserved adj. 内向的；说话不多的
unreserved adj. 未被预订的
【拓展2】形似词：deserve 应得；值得
hunt
【原句回放】too much hunting in the 1950s。 20世纪50年代的过度猎杀
【点拨】hunt v. & n. 打猎，猎杀；寻找
常用搭配：
hunt for/after 追逐，寻找，搜索
go hunting 去打猎
a hunting dog猎狗
a hunting ground 狩猎场
We’ll go hunting this Sunday morning if weather permits．
如果天气允许的话我们周日上午就去打猎。
The American natives used to make a living by hunting animals．
美洲土著人曾靠打猎为生。
Knowing a foreign language sometimes is a must in job hunting．
懂一门外语有时是找工作的必要条件。
He is on the bunt for a better job．他在寻找更好的工作。
【拓展】hunter n. 猎人，狩猎者
huntress n. 女猎人
contain
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes．它含有一种影响蚊子的强效药物。
【点拨】contain vt. 包含，含有；容纳
Sea water contains salt and 11 other minerals．海水中含有盐和其他11种矿物质。
This book contains all the information you need．
这本书包含你所需要的一切资料。
The hall can contain 500 people．这个大厅能容纳500人。
The bottle contains two litres. 此瓶容量为两升。
【拓展1】辨析：contain与include
contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。
include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。
常用搭配：including+被包括部分
被包括部分+included
Twenty-three people, three babies included (=including three babies), were injured in the traffic accident．
包括三个婴儿在内，二十三个人在这次交通事故中受伤。
【拓展2】container n. 容器(如瓶，箱，罐)
certain
【原句回放】They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers． 如果游客付给农民钱。他们允许游客猎取一定数量的动物。
【点拨】certain adj.
1. 确定的，确信的，无疑的
常用搭配：
be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事
be certain of (doing)sth. 对(做)某事有把握
be certain that…确信……
make certain that... 弄清楚，弄明白……
for certain确定；无疑
He is certain to pass the exam. =It is certain that he will pass the exam．他肯定能通过考试。
I’m certain of his success. =I’m certain that he will succeed．
我确信他会成功。
2. 未指明的，若干，一些
常用搭配：
for a certain reason为了某种理由
to a certain extent在一定程度上
I have a certain hesitation．我有些犹豫。
I’m certain that a certain Mr. Smith is asking for you.
我确定有个史密斯先生在找你。
【拓展】辨析：1. sure与certain
易混词
辨析
例句
sure
“一定，确信”，一般用语，表示主观愿望或信念，一点也不怀疑。
I felt for a time sure of his dishonesty，but this letter makes me certain of his honesty．我一度认为他不诚实，但这封信使我相信他是诚实的。
certain
语气比sure强，通常表示有明确的理由或不容置疑的事实依据。
[特别提示] sb. be sure / certain that...
It’s certain that...
sb. be sure to do sth.
2. some与certain
易混词
辨析
例句
some
表示不知道具体是哪一个，不可以接复数名词，如果接复数名词则表示“一些”，而不是“某个”。
I’ve read that story before in some book．我以前曾在某书中读过那个故事。(说话人记不起书名了)
certain
表示知道是某一个但不明确指出，后接复数名词。a certain等于some，后接可数名词单数。
I’ve read that story before in a certain book．我以前曾在某书中读过那个故事。(说话人可能记得书名，但没讲出来)
appreciate
【原句回放】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．
你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林。并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【点拨】appreciate v.
(1)(不用于进行时)欣赏，赏识；重视
You can’t really appreciate foreign literature in translation．
看翻译作品很难真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。
Her family doesn’t appreciate her．她的家人不重视她。
(2018 安徽模拟) When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying.
当你看着人的眼睛时，他们感觉你重视他们正说着的话。
(2)(不用于进行时)感激，感谢，欢迎
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash．
假如你支付现金，我将不胜感激。
Your support is greatly appreciated．十分感谢你的支持。
常用搭配：
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。
appreciate + n./doing感激（欣赏；觉得……；感谢……）
I really appreciate having time to relax.
我实在喜欢有时间放松一下。?
I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour.
若是你肯帮那个忙，我会非常感激的。?
succeed
【原句回放】What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed? 如果野生生物保护得以成功，必须做什么?
【点拨】succeed v. 成功，达到目的
常用搭配：succeed in (doing) sth．成功地做了某事
The plan has succeeded．这个计划成功了。
He succeeded in(passing) the entrance examination．
他成功地通过了升学考试。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem.
他最终成功解决了问题。
【拓展】success n. 成功，成就 [U]；成功的人或事 [C]
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
His new book was a great success. 他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。
He has had great success in business. 他事业上很成功。
(2018 安徽模拟) Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful.
即使家庭成员有时有分歧，他们一起工作使生意成功。
respond
【原句回放】Daisy responded immediately. 黛西立刻做出回应。
【点拨】respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应
常用搭配：respond to 回答……；对……做出反应
respond to a question回答问题
The disease responds to the drug.
该病对这种药显出良好的反应。
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
他对我的建议报以大笑。
She never responded to my letter.
她从来没给我回过信。
【拓展】response n. 反应；回答，答复
重点短语
die out
【原句回放】As a result these endangered animals may even die out．结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会灭绝。
【点拨】die out
(1)(动植物物种)灭绝
This kind of bird is dying out．这种鸟快要灭绝了。
(2)(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失，消灭
Many traditional customs have died out because they are out of date．因为已经过时，许多传统风俗已经消失。
(3)(火)逐渐熄灭
The fire is dying out and you’d better add some firewood．
火快灭了，你最好添点柴火。
【拓展1】相关短语
die from 因……致死(外因，常指情感、疾病之外的原因造成的死亡)
die of 因……而死，死于……(内因，常指情感、疾病等原因造成的死亡)
die a...death 死得……(death前可用形容词)
【拓展2】辨析：die away，die out，die off与die down
易混短语
辨析
例句
die away
(声音、光线、风等)逐渐平息，渐弱
The wind had died away by dusk．黄昏时风逐渐停息了。
die out
(家庭、物种等)死亡、灭绝
Many old customs are gradually dying out．许多旧习俗在日渐消失。
die off
(家族、种族等)相继死去；(草木)先后枯死
The leaves of the tree are dying off．树上的叶子正相继枯死。
die down
(火、兴奋程度等)渐弱、渐息；(=die away)(光线、声音等)变弱、消失
The noise had died down．
喧闹声逐渐消失了。
protect...from...
【原句回放】I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes．我使自己不被蚊子叮咬。
【点拨】protect...from... 保护……使不受……(伤害)（相当于protect...against...）
注意：短语中的from / against是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight．
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的太阳光线。
A new material was painted to protect the roof from rain．
涂上一种新材料以使屋顶防雨。
He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.?
他伸出手去，保护他的孩子免受伤害。
(2018 江苏模拟) Chimps will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．黑猩猩会以某种方式合作，如在战争中组成团伙来保护领地。
【拓展】易混短语：表示“阻止某人做……”的三个短语
keep sb. from doing…
stop sb. (from)doing…
prevent sb. (from)doing…
We young people should do something we can to keep the sea from being polluted.
我们年轻人应该做些事情来阻止海洋被污染。
pay attention to
【原句回放】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．
你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林。并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【点拨】pay attention to注意
注意：
1. 短语中attention无复数，其前可用修饰不可数名词的数量词，不能用冠词、所有格等。
2. to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment．
人们已经对保护环境投入很多注意力了。
You speak English well，but you’d better pay more attention to your written English．
你英语讲得很好，但最好对书面英语多加注意一下。
【拓展】相关短语
draw／attract／catch／get one’s attention to 吸引某人对某事的注意（to是介词）
fix／focus one’s attention on 将注意力集中于
devote one’s attention to 专心致志于（to是介词）
listen／watch with attention 注意听／观察
Stand at attention．(=Attention!) 立正!
May I have your attention，please? (=Attention，please!) 请注意!
in danger
【原句回放】Why are they in danger of disappearing? 它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中?
【点拨】in danger (of) 处于危险（……）中
We cannot find the kid .It's dark, she must be in danger now.
小孩找不到了，天黑了，,她处境危险。
Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
每次过马路，孩子们的生命都处于危险中。
We’re in danger of being hit by a stone. 我们有被石头砸的危险。
【拓展1】辨析：dangerous与in danger
1. dangerous是指人、物、事态可能引起危险，对别人构成威胁。
2. in danger是指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁。
To play with matches is very dangerous. 玩火柴是很危险的。
The panda is in danger. 大熊猫正在危险之中。
【拓展2】相关表达
endanger v. 危及 endangered adj. 濒危的
in no danger 没有危险 out of danger脱离危险
help...out of danger 帮助……脱离险境
a danger to... 对……很危险
Scientists think that the Arctic is endangered by pollution.
科学家们认为北极面临着被污染的危险。
The little boy was once in danger of losing his sight．Which doctor helped him out of danger?
那小男孩曾经处于失明的危险中，是哪位医生帮助他脱离危险的?
come into being
【原句回放】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．它们生活在人类还未出现的数千万年以前，那时它们的未来看起来一片光明。
【点拨】come into being 形成；产生
We don’t exactly know when the universe came into being.?
我们不确定宇宙是何时形成的。?
A new rule will soon come into being. 一个新规则很快就要出台了。
【拓展】含come into的短语
come into effect/force/operation 开始生效/执行/实施?come into existence 开始存在?
come into fashion 开始流行，风靡? come into action 开始行动?
come into office 就职? come into sight 看得见?
come into use 开始使用? come into power 掌权，上台
long to
【原句回放】Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife .黛西一直都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。
【点拨】long to (do sth.) 渴望（做某事）；很想（做某事）
常用搭配：long for sth. 渴望……；很想有……
She longed to have a holiday to go home and see her family again.
她渴望放假回家，再次见到她的家人。
I’m longing to see you again.
我渴望再见到你。
Children are always longing for holidays.
孩子们总是渴望假期的。
【拓展】long adj. 长的，久的，远的；adv. 长久地；遥远地
The rope is about 5 meters long. 绳子5米长。
I learned long ago to avoid these invitations.
我很早就学会怎样躲开这种邀请了。
in relief
【原句回放】In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 黛西如释重负，突然大笑起来。
【点拨1】in relief 如释重负
We are in great relief after the driving test.
参加完驾驶考试后我们都非常放松。
【拓展】relief n. 宽慰，安心；安慰
We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
当他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地舒了口气。
The drug gives some relief from pain.
这种药会减轻一些疼痛。（relief from sth. 减轻）
Much to my relief the car was not damaged.
使我宽慰的是汽车没有损坏。
【点拨2】burst into laughter 突然大笑起来（=burst out laughing）
burst out crying = burst into tears 突然哭起来
The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机突然坠地起火。
重点句型
1.“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构。
【原句回放】When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others
but also climb trees．科学家们观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现它们不仅跟其他恐龙一样能跑。而且还能爬树。
【点拨】主语+be+形容词+to do
1. 这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时，不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动用to do；被动用to be done。
2. 用于这一句式结构的形容词有surprised，moved，disappointed，pleased，happy，sad，delighted，sorry，interested，glad，worried，eager，anxious，angry等。
I’m so glad to meet you here．很高兴在这里见到你。
Your parents will be pleased to receive your present．
你父母将很高兴收到你的礼物。
Tom was glad to be chosen.
She was eager to be taken to her parents
2 “主语+be+形容词+to have done”强调动作完成或在过去发生。
John was pretty surprised to have received such an invitation．
收到这样一份请柬，约翰感到相当惊奇。
We were disappointed to have been told that the match had been cancelled．
被告知比赛取消的消息后，我们很失望。
3. “主语+be+形容词”后也可以接从句。
The teacher was angry that all the students had made the same mistake．
老师很生气因为所有的学生都犯了同样的错误。
4. 另类形容词：
在这些形容词后：easy, hard, difficult, cheap, expensive, interesting, impossible, pleasant, funny, useful, important, dangerous, simple等，一般用不定式的主动形式。
The passage is easy to understand.
=It is easy to understand the passage. 这个段落容易理解。
The task is impossible to complete.
= It is impossible to complete the task. 这个问题不可能完成。
2. It will be long before…+从句
【原句回放】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．它们生活在人类还未出现的数千万年以前，那时它们的未来看起来一片光明。
【点拨】It will be long before+从句（一般现在时） 要过很久才……
常用句型：
1. It won’t be long before+从句 没过多久就……
2. It was long before+从句（一般过去时，过去将来时） 过来很久才……
How long will it be before leaves the army?
还要多长时间才能离开军队（退役）?
It will not be long before we can meet again.
离我们下次再见面的时间不会很久。
It was long before they found their son.
过了很久他们才找到他们的儿子。
【拓展】long before和before long
1. long before 很久之前（从过去某时算起）
2. before long 不久以后（=soon after, shortly after）
I hope to go there before long. 我希望不久就能去那儿。
Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。
She had left long before. 她很长时间前就离开了。
This happened long before you were born. 这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。
Unit 4 Wildlife protection 语言点
巩固练习
词汇练习：词形变化
1)._____________(vi.)回答，响应，做出反应______________ (n)
2)._____________(adj.)远的， 远处的。___________(n.)
3)._____________ (n.)痛苦减轻或解除。____________(vt.)使减轻或解除。
4)._____________（vt.）包含，容纳，容忍。________________(n.)容器
5)._____________(vt.)影响，感动，侵袭_________ (n.)喜爱，感情___________(n)影响
6)._____________(vt.)接替，继任，成功____________(n.)___________ adj.__________
7)._____________(vt.)雇佣，利用时间精力。________n.雇员，雇工____________ n.雇主。___________ n.雇用使用。
8)._______________(n./ vt.)损害，危害。__________ adj.
9).________________n.胃 __________________(n. pl)
高频短语.
1．以致于；结果 ______________________2．灭绝_________ __________________
3. 和平，和睦，安祥地_________________4．处于险境_________________________
5．保护…不受…危险 _________________6．注意____________________________
7．形成；产生 ______________________ 8．不久前___________________________
9．很久以前 ________________________10．不久以后________________________
11．转身 __________________________12．申请被允许做某事_________________
13．醒来 _______________________14．茂密的森林______________________
15．浓烟 ________________________ 16．穿上衣服_________________________
17．如释重负；松了口气_______________18．按照；根据……所说_______________
19．突然笑起来_______________________20。对---有影响_______________________
重点句式.
This is _____________ wildlife protection is all about . 这就是野生动物的保护。
Please take me to a distant land __________ ----请带我一个---遥远的地方去。
But _____________ an experience ! 但是这是一次多么有趣的经历。
When scientists ___________ the bones , they were surprised to find that ---
当科学家们检查那些骨头时，他们惊奇地发现---
课文完形:
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Daisy desired to help 1 (endanger) species of wildlife because a large number of animals are dying 2 . One day, a flying carpet took her to a 3 (遥远) land, 4 she could find antelopes 5 gave fur to make sweaters. Then she met an elephant in Zimbabwe and was told that elephants used to be hunted without 6 . But now people know the 7 (重要) of wildlife 8 (protect).
单词拼写:
1. Most people are afraid of w_______ animals.
2. The p_________ of the old buildings is poor.
3. It is hard for the graduates to a_______ for ideal jobs.
4. China is becoming a p________ country in international affairs.
5. The story of Hong Zhanhui a _________ millions of Chinese.
6. Why are pandas in d_________ of disappearing?
7. He is wearing sunglasses to p________ his eyes from the strong sunlight.
8. They tried their best to bring the new law into e_______.
9. Why are they in danger of d___________?
10. One home in China is in Wolong Nature R________, Sichuan Province.
11. Another problem is the l_______ of bamboo.
12. The number of South China tiger has risen from very few to about 60 after being left in p_________ with no hunting.
13. What do you s________ we (should) do to protect wildlife?
14. (2018 浙江绍兴诸暨中学期中) An antelope said sadly, “We are being killed for the wool beneath our s__________.”
15. More a__________ should be paid to improving the living condition of farmers.
16. I have not heard from her r__________.
17. It was as f_________ as tiger.
18. (2018 浙江绍兴诸暨中学期中) It is said that the drug c__________ a powerful fun_ction has much effect on human beings.
19. He is the l_________ boy in the family.
20. Poverty and ignorance are e___________ of progress.
选词填空
短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
die out as a result (of) in peace in danger protect…from
pay attention to come into being
1 The new country _________ only two years ago.
2 He fell far behind other students ________ laziness.
3 The government is doing its best to _______ those rare animals _______ being hunted.
4 I had warned him of the possible danger, but he didn’t_______ it.
5 Elephants would _________ if men are allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
6 Children’s lives are _________ every time they cross the road.
7 The two communities live together _________.
句型巩固
1．你的相册里有多少张照片，包括上星期拍的。
How many photos does your album __________ ___________those taken last week?
2．In winter , he _______ _______ (过去常常)cover his ears with his hands in order to ____________ them _________ cold (保护)
3．由于连续降雨，河堤面临危险。
__________ ________ ____ continuous rain, the river banks were _______ ________
4. Mary feels like standing _______ _________ ________ _______ _______ __________(双手插在口袋里)
5． 你怎么可以让机器开着就离开车间呢？
How come you left the workshop _________ ________ __________ __________ .
6. the invention of the computer ______ ______ a great ________ ____ (已大大影响了)the young generation, totally changing their way of life .
单句改错
1. The machine is used to working for man.
2. She married the man because what he had done for her.
3. A hundred of people attended the meeting last night.
4. Tell me how long she will be back, in ten days or a week?
5. What did you do in the evening of May Day?
6. “You will be late for school unless you will get up at five.” said mother.
7. It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.
8. Thanks the teacher’s help, I have made great progress in my English study.
9. People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.
10. The computer is an useful machine that can do many things for us.
单项选择
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．It’s high time you had your hair cut；it’s getting ________．
A．too much long B．much too long C．long too much D．too long much
2． I would appreciate ______ if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.
A. you B. it C. that D. them
3．(2018 浙江嘉兴一中期中) It's too bright in the sun. You'd better wear a pair of sunglasses to _______ your eyes______ the sun.
A. stop; from B. protect; from C. keep; from D. prevent; from
4．Although the wind has ________，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat．
A．turned up B．gone back C．died down D．blown out
5．Everyone present was________ a loss to know what to say．
A．in B．on C．at D．to
6．—I hear Jack was once ________ of losing his life．
—Yes，but now he is ________．
A．in danger：out of danger B．in the danger；out of the danger
C．in the danger；out of danger D．in dangers；out of the danger
7．(2018 浙江余姚中学期中) Mankind must keep in mind that it will be years, even centuries, ________ the environment recovers from the damage they do to it.
A. that B. before C. when D. Since
8．Take things easy! The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paper work．
A．of B．for C．from D．by
9．Everyone can’t help ________ on heating the funny story．
A．bursting into laughing B．bursting out laughing
C．burst into laughter D．burst out laughter
10．Great attention must be paid ________ education，especially in the countryside．
A．develop B．to develop C．to developing D．developing
11．The young man ________ college at last.
A．succeeded to enter B．succeeded in entering
C．tried to enter D．managed entering
12．—How many passengers were in the plane??
—It _______100,20 Japanese ________.?
A. contained; included B. contained; including?
C. included; contained D. contained; containing
13．The police are ________ the lost boy in the forest．
A．searching B．hunting for C．finding D．looking up
完形填空
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.
___ 14 ___ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was __15__ on both sides with many various___16 ___ Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of goods: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 17 , some shops offered 18 . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.
19 in the 1950s, a change began to take place. Too many cars had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 20 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with 21 at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space was what their car-driving 22 needed.
And open space was what merchants got 23 the first shopping centers were built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 24 as a collection of small new stores 25 crowded city centers. 26 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 27 areas to out-lying malls. And the growing 28 of shopping centers led 29 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
30 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost 31 into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 32 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped(园林化的) parks, 33 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
14. A. Finally B. Early C. Late D. Lately
15. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined
16. A. factories B. trees C. businesses D. hospitals
17. A. In addition B. Therefore C. On the contrary D. As well
18. A. accommodation B. information C. technology D. services
19. A. And B. Thus C. So D. But
20. A. special B. available C. closed D. reliable
21. A. surprise B. delight C. interest D. horror
22. A. customers B. bosses C. workers D. staff
23. A. when B. while C. since D. because
24. A. changed B. started C. provided D. organized
25. A. within B. near C. next to D. away from
26. A. Suggested B. Attacked C. Attracted D. Confused
27. A. public B. private C. outdoor D. downtown
28. A. popularity B. beauty C. distinction D. expense
29. A. out of turn B. in turn C. out of order D. in order
30. A. By B. During C. In D. Towards
31. A. increased B. shrunk C. developed D. decreased
32. A. regulation B. relation C. convenience D. confidence
33. A. around B. besides C. with D. without
阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)
(A)
In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat. Frightened？You shouldn’t be, because these brains are only a kind of food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition（营养）.
Brains as a kind of food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help treat illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup, his mother got better little by little and lived a long life.
Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you, ” Fu said. “But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and color. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”
34. Why is the food called “brains”？
A. Because it looks like brains.
B. Because it has animal brains in it.
C. Because Fu’s mother liked the name.
D. Because it makes one clever and live longer.
35. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, what was one of the things he demanded（要求）？
A. The food must be used to help sick people.
B. The restaurant shouldn’t offer any other food.
C. The restaurant should use his mother’s name.
D. The shape of the food must never be changed.
36. What can we infer from the passage？
A. The restaurant owner refused Fu’s demands.
B. The name cost the restaurant too much money.
C. Fu sold the secret to other restaurants, too.
D. The restaurant owner agreed to Fu’s demands.
37. What has made brains a popular food in Shanxi？
A. They are served in many restaurants there.
B. They are good for health and have a strange name.
C. The food must be used to help the sick.
D. They are made of Chinese medicines and wine.
(B)
About a year ago, if you had asked who Dinara Safina was, the answer would have been: “She is Marat Safin’s younger sister. ”Back then she was overshadowed by her wonder brother. But now she has made a name for herself :the world No. 1 player in women’s tennis.
The 22-year-old Russian will overtake Serena Williams of the US for top ranking on April 20. “Before, every place I go, I am Marat’s sister. Nothing else, ”she told New York Times. “I always wanted to be myself, and now finally the results are coming, and people can know me as Dinara Safina. ” Safina has made it to two great event finals, in the 2008 French and in this year’s Australian Open, and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympic Games. Clearly, family isn’t the only connection Safina and her brother share. Both of their DNA burns with competitive fire. Safin has held the distinction for years of being a hot-tempered player on court. When he lost his temper, he would break a racket(球拍). Safina is as emotionally explosive as her brother. A headline in the newspaper The Australian once described her as “mad as a snake”. The Sydney Morning Herald, during the Australian Open, summed up Safina’s volatile(不稳定的) emotional state with the headline: “Safina goes from basket case to top of the world. ”
It’s not rare for a family to have two top tennis players. Safina’s father owns a tennis academy and her mother worked as a coach. “I had no choice but to become a tennis player, but I don’t mind being a tennis player, ”Safina said.
From this talented family she is also given one of her best weapons on court, her size. She is 1. 82 meters tall and weighs 70 kg. But it is hard work that led her to her recent success.
“I hope to prove to everyone over the coming months that I deserve the honor of being world No. 1,” she said.
38. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How Safina came first in world women’s tennis.
B. How the parents taught Safina to play tennis.
C. How her brother helped Safina play tennis.
D. How Safina beat her brother in playing tennis.
39. Which of the following doesn’t contribute to Safina’s success?
A. Her hard work and strong competitiveness.
B. Her emotional explosion and volatile emotional state.
C. The fact that she is 1. 82 meters tall and weighs 70 kg.
D. The fact that her parents are two good tennis players.
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Serena Williams will be topped by Safina on ranking list on April 20.
B. Dinara Safina was always very confident and eager to succeed.
C. Safina was eager to become a tennis player when she was a child.
D. Marat Safin won the two finals, in 2008 French and in Australian Open.
41. What can we infer from the headline “Safina goes from basket case to top of the world. ”?
A. Safina wanted to top the world in tennis when she was a baby in a basket.
B. After she won this year’s Australian Open, Dinara Safina cried.
C. Too nervous at first, but Safina finally gained confidence and won.
D. Safina learnt from the basket case and finally became top of the world.
(C)
China celebrated its military confidence at sea on Thursday, when anniversary celebrations for the founding of its navy climaxed with a show of the warships and submarines(潜艇). The fleet parade(列队游行)off the eastern port city of Qingdao marks 60 years since the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy.
Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the start of the naval parade of 25 naval vessels and 31 aircrafts
Thursday afternoon, including two of China’s nuclear-powered Long March submarines.
“China does need a stronger navy. Even if we can’t surpass the United States, a stronger navy can help to counter(对抗)that influence and protect China’s own interests, ” said Shi Yinhong, a professor of international relations at Renmin University in Beijing.
The PLA Navy has come from nothing to “a modern maritime(海上的)force capable of effectively defending national sovereignty(主权)and security”, the Liberation Army Daily said.
In a recent deployment(部署)into distant waters, Chinese warships have sailed to off the Somali coast to guard against pirates attacking merchant vessels.
But China’s naval modernization has far from erased a technological gap with the United States and other major powers.
42. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. China parades naval ships.
B. China celebrated its confidence.
C. China celebrated the anniversary for the founding of its navy.
D. China has modernized its navy.
43. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?
A. remove B. catch
C. fall behind D. get
44. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A. It is more than 60 years since the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy.
B. 31 naval vessels and 25 aircrafts took part in the naval parade.
C. The PLA Navy is capable of effectively defending national sovereignty and security.
D. The PLA Navy has come from a modern maritime force.
(D)
We’re not suggesting that you should reach a permanent state called “happiness ”and remain there. But there are many ways to keep away from anxiety, anger, frustration and sadness. Here are some ideas to get you started. Choose the ones that work for you.
Practice mindfulness. Focus on the present. Instead of worrying about what you should do tomorrow while you’re having dinner with your family, focus on the here and now—the food, your families, the conversation.
Sing along. Studies find music activates parts of the brain that produce happiness. In one study older adults who listened to their choice of music during eye surgery had significantly lower heart rates and blood pressure than those who had silent surgery.
Go to sleep. We have become a nation of sleep-deprived citizens. Taking a daily nap or getting into bed at 8 p. m. at night with a good book and turning the light out an hour later can do more for your mood than any number of bubble baths or massages.
Make a list. There’s nothing like writing down your tasks to help you organize your thoughts and calm your anxiety. Checking off each item provides a great sense of fulfillment.
Visit a quiet place. Libraries, museums, gardens, and places of worship(礼拜场所)provide islands of peace and calm in today’s world. Find a quiet place near your house and make it your secret getaway.
Volunteer. Helping others enables you to put your own problems into perspective(客观判断力)and also provides social interaction. While happy people are more likely to help others, helping others increases your happiness. One study found that volunteer work enhanced all four aspects of well-being: happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem and sense of control over life.
45. According to the passage, which of the following ways can keep you away from bad moods?
A. Staying with your family.
B. Having a lot of money.
C. Having enough sleep.
D. Travelling.
46. As stated in the text, ____________can reduce the risk of operation.
A. taking a nap when having surgery
B. finding a quiet place to perform surgery
C. listening to music when having surgery
D. keeping quiet when having surgery
47. Making a list of your tasks and checking them off can ________________yourself.
A. encourage B. satisfy
C. improve D. change
48. You’d better not go to ___________if you want to keep quiet and calm.
A. libraries B. churches
C. supermarkets D. gardens
答案解析
词形变化：
Respond / response distant / distance relief / relieve contain / container affect / affection / effect succeed / success / successful employ / employee / employer / employment harm / harmful stomachs
高频短语：
as a result die out in peace in danger protect …from… pay attention to come into being not long ago long before before long turn round
apply to be allowed to do something wake up a thick forest thick smoke
get dressed in relief burst into laughter according to have an effect on
重点句式：1．What / 2. where 3. what 4. inspected
课文完形：
1. endangered 2. out 3. distant 4. where 5. that/which 6. mercy
7. importance 8. protection
单词拼写:
1. wild 2. protection 3. apply 4. powerful 5. affected 6. danger 7. protect 8. effect
9. disappearing 10. Reserve 11. loss 12. peace 13. suggest 14. stomachs
15. attention 16. recently 17. fierce 18. containing 19. laziest 20. enemies
选词填空：
1 came into being? 2 as result of? 3 protect…from? 4 pay attention to? 5 die out? 6 in danger? 7 in peace
句型巩固：
1. contain/ including 2. used to / protect / from 3. as a result of / in danger
4. with her hands in her pocket 5. with the machine running 6. has had effect on .
单句改错
1.working-work 2.because-because of 3.drop “of” 4.long-soon 5. in-on
6. drop “will” 7.easy-easier 8.Thanks-Thanks to 9.great-greatly 10.an-a
单项选择
1．B。句意：你该理发了，你的头发太长了。much too太……，修饰形容词long。
2．B。 固定结构：I would appreciate it if… 如果……我会很感激的。句意：如果你尽快回复，我会很感激的。
3．B。protect … from 保护……免受伤害；stop/ keep / prevent …from 阻止某人做某事。根据句意，选B。
4．C。句意：虽然风已经渐渐停了，但雨还在继续，所以你仍需带件雨衣。die down表示“(风、气氛等)渐弱；渐熄”。
5．C。at a loss意为“不知所措”。句意为“在场的每一个人都不知所措，不知道该说什么”。
6．A。in danger和out of danger均为固定短语，意思分别是“处在危险之中”和“脱离危险”。danger之前不加冠词。
7．B。由It + will be+时间段+before从句“要过多久才……”可知，此处用before。句意：人类必须记住需要几年，甚至几个世纪环境才能从他们所做出的破坏中恢复过来。
8．A。relieve sb. of sth. 为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人减轻负担”。
9．B。can’t help后接动名词，故C、D项不对；burst out doing为固定搭配。句意：听到这个有趣的故事，大家禁不住笑了。
10．C。该题考查pay attention to的被动形式。其中to为介词，故其后接developing作宾语，而不用动词原形。
11．A。succeed in doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“成功地做某事”。
12．C。 contain容纳，包含；include包括。句意：飞机里有100名乘客，包括20名日本乘客。第二个空可用sb./sth. included或including sb./sth.。
13．B。句意：警察正在森林中寻找那个丢失的男孩。hunt for=search for寻找；find也有“寻找”之意，但强调结果。故选B。
完形填空
14.【解析】选B。late末期; lately最近, 由下文时间可推断此处应指20世纪“早期（early）”。
15. 【解析】选D。本句的意思是“街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店”。build的意思是“建造, 修建”; design的意思是“设计”; intend意思是“打算”; line是“沿……排列”的意思, 常见的句型为“be lined with”。
16. 【解析】选C。根据下一句话中的stores一词, 可知此空意为“各种各样的商店或商家”, 因此选择C项。
17.【解析】选A。本句的意思是“除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外, 有些商店还提供服务”, on the contrary意为“相反, 反之”, therefore意思为“因此, 所以”, in addition可单独使用, 意为“除此之外”, as well常用在句末。
18.【解析】选D。accommodation意为“（酒店、火车、船等提供的）住宿膳食服务”。information是“信息, 情报”, technology是“技术”, service是“服务”, 根据上题意思, service一词放在这里最合适。
19.【解析】选D。本句的意思是“在五十年代, 情况却发生了变化”, 有转折的意思。and表示进一步的递进, thus是“因此”, so意为“所以”, but是“但是”, 表转折, 最合题意。
20.【解析】选B。be available to sb. 为固定搭配, 意为“对某人来说可用的, 可得到的”, 本句意为“顾客可用的停车场地”, 故选B项, 其他项均不符合题意。
21.【解析】选C。“因为城里的商业街过于拥挤, 因此商人们都饶有兴趣地将目光瞄向了城外”, 由此可知C项正确, A项意为“惊讶”, B项意为“高兴”, D项意为“恐怖, 害怕”, 均不符合题意。
22.【解析】选A。对于商家而言, 城外的广阔空间就是他们的顾客们可以用来停车的地方, 或者正是顾客们需要的。由此可得A项正确。
23.【解析】选A。这里是 一个时间状语从句。因此用when(在……时候）。while指“在……期间; 而”; since表示“自从”, 主句一般用完成时; 前后不存在因果关系, 因此不选D项。
24.【解析】选B。本句的意思是“大型购物中心或商业街是从一些远离拥挤的城市中心的新开张的小店铺开始的”, 只有started as有此意。
25.【解析】选D。本句意为“远离拥挤的市中心”, within指“在……之内”, away from表示距离, “远离”, next to指“靠近”, near是“附近”之意。
26.【解析】选C。本句意为“由于被成百上千的免费停车泊位所吸引, 顾客们……”, attack意为“袭击, 攻击”, suggest意为“建议、表明”, confuse意为“使困惑、迷惑、不解”, 只有attract有此意。
27.【解析】选D。本句意为“顾客们驾车从市区到城市以外的商业中心”, 只有downtown“市中心、市区”符合此意, A项意为“公共的、大众的”, B项意为“私人的、私有的”, C项意为“户外的”。
28.【解析】选A。本句意为“这些购物中心的日趋流行与普及反过来催生了规模更大, 设备更好的商店的建成”。distinction声望; beauty美, 美丽; popularity流行, 普及; expense开支, 花销。故选A。
29.【解析】选B。根据上题解释, in turn应为“依次”的意思, 引申为“反过来”。out of turn意为“超越职权, 冒昧无礼”, out of order意为“不按顺序、次序颠倒”, in order意为“整齐、有条理”。
30.【解析】选A。在这四个选项中, 只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用, 意为“到……为止”, 其他三个选项均被排除。
31.【解析】选C。“到20世纪70年代后期, 很多大型购物中心已经几乎发展成为小型城市了”, 由此可得A项正确。shrink意为“缩小, 收缩”, increase意为“增加”, decrease意为“减少”。
32.【解析】选C。这里convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便, 便利”, 符合上下文义, A项意为“规则; 管理”, B项意为“关系”, D项意为“信心”。
33.【解析】选C。介词with在这里的意思是“带有”, 本句意为“商业街逐渐演变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的园林式公园”, A项意为“周围, 附近”, B项意为“此外”, D项意为“缺乏、没有”。
阅读理解：
34.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段“But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and color. ”可知这种食品的形状和颜色像大脑, 故A项为最佳答案。
35.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”可知Fu Shan要求店主以他母亲的名字命名饭店, 故C项为最佳答案。
36.【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知本文介绍了一种食品的起源, 店主一定答应了Fu Shan的要求, 然后把这种食品推广开来。故D项为最佳答案。
37.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“You shouldn’t be, because these brains are only a kind of food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition. ”可知这种食品受欢迎的原因是其不寻常的名字和丰富的营养。故B项正确。
38.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。综观全文, 可知A项正确; B项只是在倒数第三段中涉及; C项说哥哥帮助萨芬娜打球, 文章中并没有涉及; D项说萨芬娜如何在网球上击败她的哥哥, 文章中也没有涉及到。
39.【解析】选B。细节理解题。B项应为萨芬娜的缺点, 其它选项都为文中的具体细节信息, 均可以在文章中找到。
40.【解析】选A。细节信息题。从文章中第二段第一句话可知, 萨芬娜即将在4月20日公布的世界网球排行榜上取代美国的威廉姆斯成为头号种子选手, 由此可得A项。B项中由于下文提到了萨芬娜的脾气暴躁以及时常不稳定的性格, 因此说她总是信心十足和渴望成功, 是不合适的, 错在always一词上; C项参考倒数第三段萨芬娜说的话, 可知此项不正确; D项是萨芬娜而不是她的哥哥赢得这两场比赛。
41.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。整句话的意思是“萨芬娜从最没有希望成功的人一跃成为世界顶级的网球选手”, 其中的“basket case”为英语俚语, 意思是“最没有希望、最绝望的人”, 同时也可以参考这句话之前对萨芬娜性格和脾气的表述。
42.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。由文中第一段第一句China celebrated its military confidence at sea on Thursday, when anniversary celebrations for the founding of its navy climaxed with a show of the warships and submarines. 和第二段第一句Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the start of the naval parade of 25 naval vessels and 31 aircrafts Thursday afternoon, including two of China’s nuclear-powered Long March submarines. 可知A项正确。B项表述不正确, 应为China celebrated its military confidence at sea。 C、D两项都是文章中的一部分, 范围小了。
43【解析】选A。推理判断题。由文中But China’s naval modernization has far from erased a technological gap with the United States and other major powers. 可知A项正确。
44.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由The fleet parade off the eastern port city of Qingdao marks 60 years since the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy. 可知A项错误; 由Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the start of the naval parade of 25 naval vessels and 31 aircrafts Thursday afternoon. . . 可知B项错误; 由The PLA Navy has come from nothing to “a modern maritime force capable of effectively defending national sovereignty and security”, the Liberation Army Daily said. 可知D项错误, C项正确。
45.【解析】选C。文章第四段提到了睡眠的重要性。A项容易被误选, 但仔细阅读第二段发现原文意思是要注意眼前的事情, 而不是说要和家人呆在一起才能快乐。
46.【解析】选C。文章第三段举了一个例子, 老年人边听音乐边做手术会减缓心率和降低血压, 所以这是一个降低手术风险的好办法。
47.【解析】选B。根据原文第五段可知：给你的工作列一个清单可以帮助你组织思路, 抚平你的焦虑, 核对每一个项目, 可以使你有一种满足感。所以B项符合题意。
48.【解析】选C。阅读文章倒数第二段, 可以先排除A与D项。仔细分析后面的“places of worship做礼拜的地方”又可以排除B项。
目标认知
重点词汇:
mercy，affect，decrease， loss， reserve，hunt， contain，certain，appreciate，succeed，respond
重点短语:
die out，protect...from...，pay attention to，in danger，come into being, long to,
重点句型:
1.“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构。
2. It will be long before…+从句
知识讲解
重点词汇
【词语精讲】
mercy
【原句回放】Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民们毫不留情的猎杀我们
【点拨】mercy n. [U] [C] 仁慈；宽容；怜悯
常用搭配
at the mercy of sb. /sth. 任……处置；对……无能为力；任由摆布
throw oneself on sb’s mercy 指望某人能宽容
without mercy 残忍地
mercy killing 安乐死
They showed mercy to their enemies. 他们宽容了他们的敌人。
His death was a mercy. 他的死是一种仁慈。 The ship was at the mercy of the storm. 船在暴风雨中随波逐流。
Mercy (on us)! What a noise! 宽恕我们吧。好大的噪音！
【拓展】merciful adj. 仁慈的，宽容的
merciless 残忍的，无怜悯之心的
mercifully adv. 宽厚地，仁慈地
She was merciful to the prisoners. 她对囚犯很仁慈。
This judge is merciless towards anyone found guilty of murder.
这位法官对任何有罪的谋杀犯都很无情。
The play was very bad, but mercifully it was also short!
戏很差，但是幸运的是也很短。
affect
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种影响蚊子的强效药物
【点拨】affect vt. 影响；使感动；假装
The change in climate may affect your health. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康。
Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的观点不会影响我的决定。
Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌症侵袭了他的肺。
We were deeply affected by the news of her death. 我们因为她的去世深受影响。
She affected a foreign accent. 她装出外国腔调。
【拓展】辨析：affect, effect, affection
常用搭配：
have/produce an effect on 对……有影响
come into effect 生效；实施
be of no effect 无效的；无用的
Alcohol affects drivers' concentration. 酒精影响了司机的注意力集中。
=Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers.
He felt great affection for his sister. 他非常喜欢他的妹妹。
Africa has always had a special place in my affections.
非洲在我的心中总有特殊的位置。
decrease
【原句回放】If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease．如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或它们不能找到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
【点拨】decrease
1. vi. & vt. 降低，减少，使(变小)
常用搭配
decrease in 在……方面减少
from 在……基础上减少
to 减少到……
by 减少了……
The new unemployment figures have decreased from last month．
新的失业人数比上个月有所减少。
The newspaper has decreased in size，but not in quality．
这份报纸虽然版面减少了，但质量并未降低。
The member8 decreased to three hundred．会员减少至300人。
The members decreased by three hundred．会员减少了300人。
2. n. 减少，减少的数量
常用搭配：on the decrease 在减少
There has been a steady decrease in population in this city．
这个城市的人口在不断地减少。
【拓展】相关词汇
[近]reduce v. 减少
[反]increase v. 增加
loss
【原句回放】loss of bamboo growing areas 竹子生长地的丧失
【点拨】loss n. [U]损失；遗失；丧失 [C]输，未能赢
常用搭配：
the loss of sth. 损失/丢失/输掉某物
suffer a loss (of) 蒙受损失
make up a loss 弥补损失
at a loss 不知所措，困惑
Did you report the loss of your jewellery to the police?
你有没有把你丢失珠宝的事告诉警方?
The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of that mistake．
因为那次错误，公司损失惨重。
He’ll try his best to make up the loss．他将努力弥补损失。
What made him unhappy was the loss of yesterday’s football match．
昨天的足球比赛输了使他很不高兴。
He was at a loss what to do．他不知所措。
【拓展】lose v. 失去；丢失；损失；输
lost adj. 丢失的，失去的，输掉的
loser n. 失败者
常用搭配
lose one’s way 迷路
lose oneself 迷路，迷失方向；沉湎于lose one’s balance失去平衡
lose a game/match by ( 以……之差)输掉比赛
be lost in 沉迷于
reserve
【原句回放】We drove the car slowly and watched the lions in the nature reserve．我们慢慢驾车观察自然保护区里的狮子。
【点拨】reserve
1. n. 保护区，禁猎区；储藏，储备 常见搭配：
a forest reserve 保护林
a game reserve 禁猎区
in reserve 储备，备用
without reserve 坦率地，毫无保留地
keep a reserve of...for(=reserve sth. for) 保留……以备
I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrow’s match．
我必须为明天的比赛储备充足的体力。
I have little money in reserve．我几乎毫无积蓄。
2. v. 保留；预约，预订 (=book)
You’d better reserve the money for future need．
你最好保留那笔钱以备将来之需。
We must reserve two seats in the cinema．
我们必须在电影院预订两个座位。
【拓展1】reservation n. 保留地；居留地
reserved adj. 内向的；说话不多的
unreserved adj. 未被预订的
【拓展2】形似词：deserve 应得；值得
hunt
【原句回放】too much hunting in the 1950s。 20世纪50年代的过度猎杀
【点拨】hunt v. & n. 打猎，猎杀；寻找
常用搭配：
hunt for/after 追逐，寻找，搜索
go hunting 去打猎
a hunting dog猎狗
a hunting ground 狩猎场
We’ll go hunting this Sunday morning if weather permits．
如果天气允许的话我们周日上午就去打猎。
The American natives used to make a living by hunting animals．
美洲土著人曾靠打猎为生。
Knowing a foreign language sometimes is a must in job hunting．
懂一门外语有时是找工作的必要条件。
He is on the bunt for a better job．他在寻找更好的工作。
【拓展】hunter n. 猎人，狩猎者
huntress n. 女猎人
contain
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes．它含有一种影响蚊子的强效药物。
【点拨】contain vt. 包含，含有；容纳
Sea water contains salt and 11 other minerals．海水中含有盐和其他11种矿物质。
This book contains all the information you need．
这本书包含你所需要的一切资料。
The hall can contain 500 people．这个大厅能容纳500人。
The bottle contains two litres. 此瓶容量为两升。
【拓展1】辨析：contain与include
contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。
include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。
常用搭配：including+被包括部分
被包括部分+included
Twenty-three people, three babies included (=including three babies), were injured in the traffic accident．
包括三个婴儿在内，二十三个人在这次交通事故中受伤。
【拓展2】container n. 容器(如瓶，箱，罐)
certain
【原句回放】They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers． 如果游客付给农民钱。他们允许游客猎取一定数量的动物。
【点拨】certain adj.
1. 确定的，确信的，无疑的
常用搭配：
be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事
be certain of (doing)sth. 对(做)某事有把握
be certain that…确信……
make certain that... 弄清楚，弄明白……
for certain确定；无疑
He is certain to pass the exam. =It is certain that he will pass the exam．他肯定能通过考试。
I’m certain of his success. =I’m certain that he will succeed．
我确信他会成功。
2. 未指明的，若干，一些
常用搭配：
for a certain reason为了某种理由
to a certain extent在一定程度上
I have a certain hesitation．我有些犹豫。
I’m certain that a certain Mr. Smith is asking for you.
我确定有个史密斯先生在找你。
【拓展】辨析：1. sure与certain
易混词
辨析
例句
sure
“一定，确信”，一般用语，表示主观愿望或信念，一点也不怀疑。
I felt for a time sure of his dishonesty，but this letter makes me certain of his honesty．我一度认为他不诚实，但这封信使我相信他是诚实的。
certain
语气比sure强，通常表示有明确的理由或不容置疑的事实依据。
[特别提示] sb. be sure / certain that...
It’s certain that...
sb. be sure to do sth.
2. some与certain
易混词
辨析
例句
some
表示不知道具体是哪一个，不可以接复数名词，如果接复数名词则表示“一些”，而不是“某个”。
I’ve read that story before in some book．我以前曾在某书中读过那个故事。(说话人记不起书名了)
certain
表示知道是某一个但不明确指出，后接复数名词。a certain等于some，后接可数名词单数。
I’ve read that story before in a certain book．我以前曾在某书中读过那个故事。(说话人可能记得书名，但没讲出来)
appreciate
【原句回放】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．
你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林。并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【点拨】appreciate v.
(1)(不用于进行时)欣赏，赏识；重视
You can’t really appreciate foreign literature in translation．
看翻译作品很难真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。
Her family doesn’t appreciate her．她的家人不重视她。
(2018 安徽模拟) When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying.
当你看着人的眼睛时，他们感觉你重视他们正说着的话。
(2)(不用于进行时)感激，感谢，欢迎
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash．
假如你支付现金，我将不胜感激。
Your support is greatly appreciated．十分感谢你的支持。
常用搭配：
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。
appreciate + n./doing感激（欣赏；觉得……；感谢……）
I really appreciate having time to relax.
我实在喜欢有时间放松一下。?
I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour.
若是你肯帮那个忙，我会非常感激的。?
succeed
【原句回放】What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed? 如果野生生物保护得以成功，必须做什么?
【点拨】succeed v. 成功，达到目的
常用搭配：succeed in (doing) sth．成功地做了某事
The plan has succeeded．这个计划成功了。
He succeeded in(passing) the entrance examination．
他成功地通过了升学考试。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem.
他最终成功解决了问题。
【拓展】success n. 成功，成就 [U]；成功的人或事 [C]
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
His new book was a great success. 他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。
He has had great success in business. 他事业上很成功。
(2018 安徽模拟) Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful.
即使家庭成员有时有分歧，他们一起工作使生意成功。
respond
【原句回放】Daisy responded immediately. 黛西立刻做出回应。
【点拨】respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应
常用搭配：respond to 回答……；对……做出反应
respond to a question回答问题
The disease responds to the drug.
该病对这种药显出良好的反应。
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
他对我的建议报以大笑。
She never responded to my letter.
她从来没给我回过信。
【拓展】response n. 反应；回答，答复
重点短语
die out
【原句回放】As a result these endangered animals may even die out．结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会灭绝。
【点拨】die out
(1)(动植物物种)灭绝
This kind of bird is dying out．这种鸟快要灭绝了。
(2)(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失，消灭
Many traditional customs have died out because they are out of date．因为已经过时，许多传统风俗已经消失。
(3)(火)逐渐熄灭
The fire is dying out and you’d better add some firewood．
火快灭了，你最好添点柴火。
【拓展1】相关短语
die from 因……致死(外因，常指情感、疾病之外的原因造成的死亡)
die of 因……而死，死于……(内因，常指情感、疾病等原因造成的死亡)
die a...death 死得……(death前可用形容词)
【拓展2】辨析：die away，die out，die off与die down
易混短语
辨析
例句
die away
(声音、光线、风等)逐渐平息，渐弱
The wind had died away by dusk．黄昏时风逐渐停息了。
die out
(家庭、物种等)死亡、灭绝
Many old customs are gradually dying out．许多旧习俗在日渐消失。
die off
(家族、种族等)相继死去；(草木)先后枯死
The leaves of the tree are dying off．树上的叶子正相继枯死。
die down
(火、兴奋程度等)渐弱、渐息；(=die away)(光线、声音等)变弱、消失
The noise had died down．
喧闹声逐渐消失了。
protect...from...
【原句回放】I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes．我使自己不被蚊子叮咬。
【点拨】protect...from... 保护……使不受……(伤害)（相当于protect...against...）
注意：短语中的from / against是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight．
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的太阳光线。
A new material was painted to protect the roof from rain．
涂上一种新材料以使屋顶防雨。
He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.?
他伸出手去，保护他的孩子免受伤害。
(2018 江苏模拟) Chimps will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．黑猩猩会以某种方式合作，如在战争中组成团伙来保护领地。
【拓展】易混短语：表示“阻止某人做……”的三个短语
keep sb. from doing…
stop sb. (from)doing…
prevent sb. (from)doing…
We young people should do something we can to keep the sea from being polluted.
我们年轻人应该做些事情来阻止海洋被污染。
pay attention to
【原句回放】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．
你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林。并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【点拨】pay attention to注意
注意：
1. 短语中attention无复数，其前可用修饰不可数名词的数量词，不能用冠词、所有格等。
2. to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment．
人们已经对保护环境投入很多注意力了。
You speak English well，but you’d better pay more attention to your written English．
你英语讲得很好，但最好对书面英语多加注意一下。
【拓展】相关短语
draw／attract／catch／get one’s attention to 吸引某人对某事的注意（to是介词）
fix／focus one’s attention on 将注意力集中于
devote one’s attention to 专心致志于（to是介词）
listen／watch with attention 注意听／观察
Stand at attention．(=Attention!) 立正!
May I have your attention，please? (=Attention，please!) 请注意!
in danger
【原句回放】Why are they in danger of disappearing? 它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中?
【点拨】in danger (of) 处于危险（……）中
We cannot find the kid .It's dark, she must be in danger now.
小孩找不到了，天黑了，,她处境危险。
Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
每次过马路，孩子们的生命都处于危险中。
We’re in danger of being hit by a stone. 我们有被石头砸的危险。
【拓展1】辨析：dangerous与in danger
1. dangerous是指人、物、事态可能引起危险，对别人构成威胁。
2. in danger是指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁。
To play with matches is very dangerous. 玩火柴是很危险的。
The panda is in danger. 大熊猫正在危险之中。
【拓展2】相关表达
endanger v. 危及 endangered adj. 濒危的
in no danger 没有危险 out of danger脱离危险
help...out of danger 帮助……脱离险境
a danger to... 对……很危险
Scientists think that the Arctic is endangered by pollution.
科学家们认为北极面临着被污染的危险。
The little boy was once in danger of losing his sight．Which doctor helped him out of danger?
那小男孩曾经处于失明的危险中，是哪位医生帮助他脱离危险的?
come into being
【原句回放】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．它们生活在人类还未出现的数千万年以前，那时它们的未来看起来一片光明。
【点拨】come into being 形成；产生
We don’t exactly know when the universe came into being.?
我们不确定宇宙是何时形成的。?
A new rule will soon come into being. 一个新规则很快就要出台了。
【拓展】含come into的短语
come into effect/force/operation 开始生效/执行/实施?come into existence 开始存在?
come into fashion 开始流行，风靡? come into action 开始行动?
come into office 就职? come into sight 看得见?
come into use 开始使用? come into power 掌权，上台
long to
【原句回放】Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife .黛西一直都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。
【点拨】long to (do sth.) 渴望（做某事）；很想（做某事）
常用搭配：long for sth. 渴望……；很想有……
She longed to have a holiday to go home and see her family again.
她渴望放假回家，再次见到她的家人。
I’m longing to see you again.
我渴望再见到你。
Children are always longing for holidays.
孩子们总是渴望假期的。
【拓展】long adj. 长的，久的，远的；adv. 长久地；遥远地
The rope is about 5 meters long. 绳子5米长。
I learned long ago to avoid these invitations.
我很早就学会怎样躲开这种邀请了。
in relief
【原句回放】In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 黛西如释重负，突然大笑起来。
【点拨1】in relief 如释重负
We are in great relief after the driving test.
参加完驾驶考试后我们都非常放松。
【拓展】relief n. 宽慰，安心；安慰
We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
当他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地舒了口气。
The drug gives some relief from pain.
这种药会减轻一些疼痛。（relief from sth. 减轻）
Much to my relief the car was not damaged.
使我宽慰的是汽车没有损坏。
【点拨2】burst into laughter 突然大笑起来（=burst out laughing）
burst out crying = burst into tears 突然哭起来
The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机突然坠地起火。
重点句型
1.“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构。
【原句回放】When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others
but also climb trees．科学家们观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现它们不仅跟其他恐龙一样能跑。而且还能爬树。
【点拨】主语+be+形容词+to do
1. 这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时，不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动用to do；被动用to be done。
2. 用于这一句式结构的形容词有surprised，moved，disappointed，pleased，happy，sad，delighted，sorry，interested，glad，worried，eager，anxious，angry等。
I’m so glad to meet you here．很高兴在这里见到你。
Your parents will be pleased to receive your present．
你父母将很高兴收到你的礼物。
Tom was glad to be chosen.
She was eager to be taken to her parents
2 “主语+be+形容词+to have done”强调动作完成或在过去发生。
John was pretty surprised to have received such an invitation．
收到这样一份请柬，约翰感到相当惊奇。
We were disappointed to have been told that the match had been cancelled．
被告知比赛取消的消息后，我们很失望。
3. “主语+be+形容词”后也可以接从句。
The teacher was angry that all the students had made the same mistake．
老师很生气因为所有的学生都犯了同样的错误。
4. 另类形容词：
在这些形容词后：easy, hard, difficult, cheap, expensive, interesting, impossible, pleasant, funny, useful, important, dangerous, simple等，一般用不定式的主动形式。
The passage is easy to understand.
=It is easy to understand the passage. 这个段落容易理解。
The task is impossible to complete.
= It is impossible to complete the task. 这个问题不可能完成。
2. It will be long before…+从句
【原句回放】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．它们生活在人类还未出现的数千万年以前，那时它们的未来看起来一片光明。
【点拨】It will be long before+从句（一般现在时） 要过很久才……
常用句型：
1. It won’t be long before+从句 没过多久就……
2. It was long before+从句（一般过去时，过去将来时） 过来很久才……
How long will it be before leaves the army?
还要多长时间才能离开军队（退役）?
It will not be long before we can meet again.
离我们下次再见面的时间不会很久。
It was long before they found their son.
过了很久他们才找到他们的儿子。
【拓展】long before和before long
1. long before 很久之前（从过去某时算起）
2. before long 不久以后（=soon after, shortly after）
I hope to go there before long. 我希望不久就能去那儿。
Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。
She had left long before. 她很长时间前就离开了。
This happened long before you were born. 这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。
Unit 4 Wildlife protection 语言点
巩固练习
词汇练习：词形变化
1)._____________(vi.)回答，响应，做出反应______________ (n)
2)._____________(adj.)远的， 远处的。___________(n.)
3)._____________ (n.)痛苦减轻或解除。____________(vt.)使减轻或解除。
4)._____________（vt.）包含，容纳，容忍。________________(n.)容器
5)._____________(vt.)影响，感动，侵袭_________ (n.)喜爱，感情___________(n)影响
6)._____________(vt.)接替，继任，成功____________(n.)___________ adj.__________
7)._____________(vt.)雇佣，利用时间精力。________n.雇员，雇工____________ n.雇主。___________ n.雇用使用。
8)._______________(n./ vt.)损害，危害。__________ adj.
9).________________n.胃 __________________(n. pl)
高频短语.
1．以致于；结果 ______________________2．灭绝_________ __________________
3. 和平，和睦，安祥地_________________4．处于险境_________________________
5．保护…不受…危险 _________________6．注意____________________________
7．形成；产生 ______________________ 8．不久前___________________________
9．很久以前 ________________________10．不久以后________________________
11．转身 __________________________12．申请被允许做某事_________________
13．醒来 _______________________14．茂密的森林______________________
15．浓烟 ________________________ 16．穿上衣服_________________________
17．如释重负；松了口气_______________18．按照；根据……所说_______________
19．突然笑起来_______________________20。对---有影响_______________________
重点句式.
This is _____________ wildlife protection is all about . 这就是野生动物的保护。
Please take me to a distant land __________ ----请带我一个---遥远的地方去。
But _____________ an experience ! 但是这是一次多么有趣的经历。
When scientists ___________ the bones , they were surprised to find that ---
当科学家们检查那些骨头时，他们惊奇地发现---
课文完形:
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Daisy desired to help 1 (endanger) species of wildlife because a large number of animals are dying 2 . One day, a flying carpet took her to a 3 (遥远) land, 4 she could find antelopes 5 gave fur to make sweaters. Then she met an elephant in Zimbabwe and was told that elephants used to be hunted without 6 . But now people know the 7 (重要) of wildlife 8 (protect).
单词拼写:
1. Most people are afraid of w_______ animals.
2. The p_________ of the old buildings is poor.
3. It is hard for the graduates to a_______ for ideal jobs.
4. China is becoming a p________ country in international affairs.
5. The story of Hong Zhanhui a _________ millions of Chinese.
6. Why are pandas in d_________ of disappearing?
7. He is wearing sunglasses to p________ his eyes from the strong sunlight.
8. They tried their best to bring the new law into e_______.
9. Why are they in danger of d___________?
10. One home in China is in Wolong Nature R________, Sichuan Province.
11. Another problem is the l_______ of bamboo.
12. The number of South China tiger has risen from very few to about 60 after being left in p_________ with no hunting.
13. What do you s________ we (should) do to protect wildlife?
14. (2018 浙江绍兴诸暨中学期中) An antelope said sadly, “We are being killed for the wool beneath our s__________.”
15. More a__________ should be paid to improving the living condition of farmers.
16. I have not heard from her r__________.
17. It was as f_________ as tiger.
18. (2018 浙江绍兴诸暨中学期中) It is said that the drug c__________ a powerful fun_ction has much effect on human beings.
19. He is the l_________ boy in the family.
20. Poverty and ignorance are e___________ of progress.
选词填空
短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
die out as a result (of) in peace in danger protect…from
pay attention to come into being
1 The new country _________ only two years ago.
2 He fell far behind other students ________ laziness.
3 The government is doing its best to _______ those rare animals _______ being hunted.
4 I had warned him of the possible danger, but he didn’t_______ it.
5 Elephants would _________ if men are allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
6 Children’s lives are _________ every time they cross the road.
7 The two communities live together _________.
句型巩固
1．你的相册里有多少张照片，包括上星期拍的。
How many photos does your album __________ ___________those taken last week?
2．In winter , he _______ _______ (过去常常)cover his ears with his hands in order to ____________ them _________ cold (保护)
3．由于连续降雨，河堤面临危险。
__________ ________ ____ continuous rain, the river banks were _______ ________
4. Mary feels like standing _______ _________ ________ _______ _______ __________(双手插在口袋里)
5． 你怎么可以让机器开着就离开车间呢？
How come you left the workshop _________ ________ __________ __________ .
6. the invention of the computer ______ ______ a great ________ ____ (已大大影响了)the young generation, totally changing their way of life .
单句改错
1. The machine is used to working for man.
2. She married the man because what he had done for her.
3. A hundred of people attended the meeting last night.
4. Tell me how long she will be back, in ten days or a week?
5. What did you do in the evening of May Day?
6. “You will be late for school unless you will get up at five.” said mother.
7. It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.
8. Thanks the teacher’s help, I have made great progress in my English study.
9. People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.
10. The computer is an useful machine that can do many things for us.
单项选择
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．It’s high time you had your hair cut；it’s getting ________．
A．too much long B．much too long C．long too much D．too long much
2． I would appreciate ______ if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.
A. you B. it C. that D. them
3．(2018 浙江嘉兴一中期中) It's too bright in the sun. You'd better wear a pair of sunglasses to _______ your eyes______ the sun.
A. stop; from B. protect; from C. keep; from D. prevent; from
4．Although the wind has ________，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat．
A．turned up B．gone back C．died down D．blown out
5．Everyone present was________ a loss to know what to say．
A．in B．on C．at D．to
6．—I hear Jack was once ________ of losing his life．
—Yes，but now he is ________．
A．in danger：out of danger B．in the danger；out of the danger
C．in the danger；out of danger D．in dangers；out of the danger
7．(2018 浙江余姚中学期中) Mankind must keep in mind that it will be years, even centuries, ________ the environment recovers from the damage they do to it.
A. that B. before C. when D. Since
8．Take things easy! The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paper work．
A．of B．for C．from D．by
9．Everyone can’t help ________ on heating the funny story．
A．bursting into laughing B．bursting out laughing
C．burst into laughter D．burst out laughter
10．Great attention must be paid ________ education，especially in the countryside．
A．develop B．to develop C．to developing D．developing
11．The young man ________ college at last.
A．succeeded to enter B．succeeded in entering
C．tried to enter D．managed entering
12．—How many passengers were in the plane??
—It _______100,20 Japanese ________.?
A. contained; included B. contained; including?
C. included; contained D. contained; containing
13．The police are ________ the lost boy in the forest．
A．searching B．hunting for C．finding D．looking up
完形填空
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.
___ 14 ___ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was __15__ on both sides with many various___16 ___ Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of goods: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 17 , some shops offered 18 . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.
19 in the 1950s, a change began to take place. Too many cars had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 20 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with 21 at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space was what their car-driving 22 needed.
And open space was what merchants got 23 the first shopping centers were built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 24 as a collection of small new stores 25 crowded city centers. 26 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 27 areas to out-lying malls. And the growing 28 of shopping centers led 29 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
30 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost 31 into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 32 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped(园林化的) parks, 33 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
14. A. Finally B. Early C. Late D. Lately
15. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined
16. A. factories B. trees C. businesses D. hospitals
17. A. In addition B. Therefore C. On the contrary D. As well
18. A. accommodation B. information C. technology D. services
19. A. And B. Thus C. So D. But
20. A. special B. available C. closed D. reliable
21. A. surprise B. delight C. interest D. horror
22. A. customers B. bosses C. workers D. staff
23. A. when B. while C. since D. because
24. A. changed B. started C. provided D. organized
25. A. within B. near C. next to D. away from
26. A. Suggested B. Attacked C. Attracted D. Confused
27. A. public B. private C. outdoor D. downtown
28. A. popularity B. beauty C. distinction D. expense
29. A. out of turn B. in turn C. out of order D. in order
30. A. By B. During C. In D. Towards
31. A. increased B. shrunk C. developed D. decreased
32. A. regulation B. relation C. convenience D. confidence
33. A. around B. besides C. with D. without
阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)
(A)
In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat. Frightened？You shouldn’t be, because these brains are only a kind of food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition（营养）.
Brains as a kind of food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice wine was also used in the soup to help treat illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup, his mother got better little by little and lived a long life.
Fu’s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you, ” Fu said. “But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and color. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”
34. Why is the food called “brains”？
A. Because it looks like brains.
B. Because it has animal brains in it.
C. Because Fu’s mother liked the name.
D. Because it makes one clever and live longer.
35. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, what was one of the things he demanded（要求）？
A. The food must be used to help sick people.
B. The restaurant shouldn’t offer any other food.
C. The restaurant should use his mother’s name.
D. The shape of the food must never be changed.
36. What can we infer from the passage？
A. The restaurant owner refused Fu’s demands.
B. The name cost the restaurant too much money.
C. Fu sold the secret to other restaurants, too.
D. The restaurant owner agreed to Fu’s demands.
37. What has made brains a popular food in Shanxi？
A. They are served in many restaurants there.
B. They are good for health and have a strange name.
C. The food must be used to help the sick.
D. They are made of Chinese medicines and wine.
(B)
About a year ago, if you had asked who Dinara Safina was, the answer would have been: “She is Marat Safin’s younger sister. ”Back then she was overshadowed by her wonder brother. But now she has made a name for herself :the world No. 1 player in women’s tennis.
The 22-year-old Russian will overtake Serena Williams of the US for top ranking on April 20. “Before, every place I go, I am Marat’s sister. Nothing else, ”she told New York Times. “I always wanted to be myself, and now finally the results are coming, and people can know me as Dinara Safina. ” Safina has made it to two great event finals, in the 2008 French and in this year’s Australian Open, and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympic Games. Clearly, family isn’t the only connection Safina and her brother share. Both of their DNA burns with competitive fire. Safin has held the distinction for years of being a hot-tempered player on court. When he lost his temper, he would break a racket(球拍). Safina is as emotionally explosive as her brother. A headline in the newspaper The Australian once described her as “mad as a snake”. The Sydney Morning Herald, during the Australian Open, summed up Safina’s volatile(不稳定的) emotional state with the headline: “Safina goes from basket case to top of the world. ”
It’s not rare for a family to have two top tennis players. Safina’s father owns a tennis academy and her mother worked as a coach. “I had no choice but to become a tennis player, but I don’t mind being a tennis player, ”Safina said.
From this talented family she is also given one of her best weapons on court, her size. She is 1. 82 meters tall and weighs 70 kg. But it is hard work that led her to her recent success.
“I hope to prove to everyone over the coming months that I deserve the honor of being world No. 1,” she said.
38. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How Safina came first in world women’s tennis.
B. How the parents taught Safina to play tennis.
C. How her brother helped Safina play tennis.
D. How Safina beat her brother in playing tennis.
39. Which of the following doesn’t contribute to Safina’s success?
A. Her hard work and strong competitiveness.
B. Her emotional explosion and volatile emotional state.
C. The fact that she is 1. 82 meters tall and weighs 70 kg.
D. The fact that her parents are two good tennis players.
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Serena Williams will be topped by Safina on ranking list on April 20.
B. Dinara Safina was always very confident and eager to succeed.
C. Safina was eager to become a tennis player when she was a child.
D. Marat Safin won the two finals, in 2008 French and in Australian Open.
41. What can we infer from the headline “Safina goes from basket case to top of the world. ”?
A. Safina wanted to top the world in tennis when she was a baby in a basket.
B. After she won this year’s Australian Open, Dinara Safina cried.
C. Too nervous at first, but Safina finally gained confidence and won.
D. Safina learnt from the basket case and finally became top of the world.
(C)
China celebrated its military confidence at sea on Thursday, when anniversary celebrations for the founding of its navy climaxed with a show of the warships and submarines(潜艇). The fleet parade(列队游行)off the eastern port city of Qingdao marks 60 years since the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy.
Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the start of the naval parade of 25 naval vessels and 31 aircrafts
Thursday afternoon, including two of China’s nuclear-powered Long March submarines.
“China does need a stronger navy. Even if we can’t surpass the United States, a stronger navy can help to counter(对抗)that influence and protect China’s own interests, ” said Shi Yinhong, a professor of international relations at Renmin University in Beijing.
The PLA Navy has come from nothing to “a modern maritime(海上的)force capable of effectively defending national sovereignty(主权)and security”, the Liberation Army Daily said.
In a recent deployment(部署)into distant waters, Chinese warships have sailed to off the Somali coast to guard against pirates attacking merchant vessels.
But China’s naval modernization has far from erased a technological gap with the United States and other major powers.
42. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. China parades naval ships.
B. China celebrated its confidence.
C. China celebrated the anniversary for the founding of its navy.
D. China has modernized its navy.
43. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?
A. remove B. catch
C. fall behind D. get
44. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A. It is more than 60 years since the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy.
B. 31 naval vessels and 25 aircrafts took part in the naval parade.
C. The PLA Navy is capable of effectively defending national sovereignty and security.
D. The PLA Navy has come from a modern maritime force.
(D)
We’re not suggesting that you should reach a permanent state called “happiness ”and remain there. But there are many ways to keep away from anxiety, anger, frustration and sadness. Here are some ideas to get you started. Choose the ones that work for you.
Practice mindfulness. Focus on the present. Instead of worrying about what you should do tomorrow while you’re having dinner with your family, focus on the here and now—the food, your families, the conversation.
Sing along. Studies find music activates parts of the brain that produce happiness. In one study older adults who listened to their choice of music during eye surgery had significantly lower heart rates and blood pressure than those who had silent surgery.
Go to sleep. We have become a nation of sleep-deprived citizens. Taking a daily nap or getting into bed at 8 p. m. at night with a good book and turning the light out an hour later can do more for your mood than any number of bubble baths or massages.
Make a list. There’s nothing like writing down your tasks to help you organize your thoughts and calm your anxiety. Checking off each item provides a great sense of fulfillment.
Visit a quiet place. Libraries, museums, gardens, and places of worship(礼拜场所)provide islands of peace and calm in today’s world. Find a quiet place near your house and make it your secret getaway.
Volunteer. Helping others enables you to put your own problems into perspective(客观判断力)and also provides social interaction. While happy people are more likely to help others, helping others increases your happiness. One study found that volunteer work enhanced all four aspects of well-being: happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem and sense of control over life.
45. According to the passage, which of the following ways can keep you away from bad moods?
A. Staying with your family.
B. Having a lot of money.
C. Having enough sleep.
D. Travelling.
46. As stated in the text, ____________can reduce the risk of operation.
A. taking a nap when having surgery
B. finding a quiet place to perform surgery
C. listening to music when having surgery
D. keeping quiet when having surgery
47. Making a list of your tasks and checking them off can ________________yourself.
A. encourage B. satisfy
C. improve D. change
48. You’d better not go to ___________if you want to keep quiet and calm.
A. libraries B. churches
C. supermarkets D. gardens
答案解析
词形变化：
Respond / response distant / distance relief / relieve contain / container affect / affection / effect succeed / success / successful employ / employee / employer / employment harm / harmful stomachs
高频短语：
as a result die out in peace in danger protect …from… pay attention to come into being not long ago long before before long turn round
apply to be allowed to do something wake up a thick forest thick smoke
get dressed in relief burst into laughter according to have an effect on
重点句式：1．What / 2. where 3. what 4. inspected
课文完形：
1. endangered 2. out 3. distant 4. where 5. that/which 6. mercy
7. importance 8. protection
单词拼写:
1. wild 2. protection 3. apply 4. powerful 5. affected 6. danger 7. protect 8. effect
9. disappearing 10. Reserve 11. loss 12. peace 13. suggest 14. stomachs
15. attention 16. recently 17. fierce 18. containing 19. laziest 20. enemies
选词填空：
1 came into being? 2 as result of? 3 protect…from? 4 pay attention to? 5 die out? 6 in danger? 7 in peace
句型巩固：
1. contain/ including 2. used to / protect / from 3. as a result of / in danger
4. with her hands in her pocket 5. with the machine running 6. has had effect on .
单句改错
1.working-work 2.because-because of 3.drop “of” 4.long-soon 5. in-on
6. drop “will” 7.easy-easier 8.Thanks-Thanks to 9.great-greatly 10.an-a
单项选择
1．B。句意：你该理发了，你的头发太长了。much too太……，修饰形容词long。
2．B。 固定结构：I would appreciate it if… 如果……我会很感激的。句意：如果你尽快回复，我会很感激的。
3．B。protect … from 保护……免受伤害；stop/ keep / prevent …from 阻止某人做某事。根据句意，选B。
4．C。句意：虽然风已经渐渐停了，但雨还在继续，所以你仍需带件雨衣。die down表示“(风、气氛等)渐弱；渐熄”。
5．C。at a loss意为“不知所措”。句意为“在场的每一个人都不知所措，不知道该说什么”。
6．A。in danger和out of danger均为固定短语，意思分别是“处在危险之中”和“脱离危险”。danger之前不加冠词。
7．B。由It + will be+时间段+before从句“要过多久才……”可知，此处用before。句意：人类必须记住需要几年，甚至几个世纪环境才能从他们所做出的破坏中恢复过来。
8．A。relieve sb. of sth. 为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人减轻负担”。
9．B。can’t help后接动名词，故C、D项不对；burst out doing为固定搭配。句意：听到这个有趣的故事，大家禁不住笑了。
10．C。该题考查pay attention to的被动形式。其中to为介词，故其后接developing作宾语，而不用动词原形。
11．A。succeed in doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“成功地做某事”。
12．C。 contain容纳，包含；include包括。句意：飞机里有100名乘客，包括20名日本乘客。第二个空可用sb./sth. included或including sb./sth.。
13．B。句意：警察正在森林中寻找那个丢失的男孩。hunt for=search for寻找；find也有“寻找”之意，但强调结果。故选B。
完形填空
14.【解析】选B。late末期; lately最近, 由下文时间可推断此处应指20世纪“早期（early）”。
15. 【解析】选D。本句的意思是“街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店”。build的意思是“建造, 修建”; design的意思是“设计”; intend意思是“打算”; line是“沿……排列”的意思, 常见的句型为“be lined with”。
16. 【解析】选C。根据下一句话中的stores一词, 可知此空意为“各种各样的商店或商家”, 因此选择C项。
17.【解析】选A。本句的意思是“除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外, 有些商店还提供服务”, on the contrary意为“相反, 反之”, therefore意思为“因此, 所以”, in addition可单独使用, 意为“除此之外”, as well常用在句末。
18.【解析】选D。accommodation意为“（酒店、火车、船等提供的）住宿膳食服务”。information是“信息, 情报”, technology是“技术”, service是“服务”, 根据上题意思, service一词放在这里最合适。
19.【解析】选D。本句的意思是“在五十年代, 情况却发生了变化”, 有转折的意思。and表示进一步的递进, thus是“因此”, so意为“所以”, but是“但是”, 表转折, 最合题意。
20.【解析】选B。be available to sb. 为固定搭配, 意为“对某人来说可用的, 可得到的”, 本句意为“顾客可用的停车场地”, 故选B项, 其他项均不符合题意。
21.【解析】选C。“因为城里的商业街过于拥挤, 因此商人们都饶有兴趣地将目光瞄向了城外”, 由此可知C项正确, A项意为“惊讶”, B项意为“高兴”, D项意为“恐怖, 害怕”, 均不符合题意。
22.【解析】选A。对于商家而言, 城外的广阔空间就是他们的顾客们可以用来停车的地方, 或者正是顾客们需要的。由此可得A项正确。
23.【解析】选A。这里是 一个时间状语从句。因此用when(在……时候）。while指“在……期间; 而”; since表示“自从”, 主句一般用完成时; 前后不存在因果关系, 因此不选D项。
24.【解析】选B。本句的意思是“大型购物中心或商业街是从一些远离拥挤的城市中心的新开张的小店铺开始的”, 只有started as有此意。
25.【解析】选D。本句意为“远离拥挤的市中心”, within指“在……之内”, away from表示距离, “远离”, next to指“靠近”, near是“附近”之意。
26.【解析】选C。本句意为“由于被成百上千的免费停车泊位所吸引, 顾客们……”, attack意为“袭击, 攻击”, suggest意为“建议、表明”, confuse意为“使困惑、迷惑、不解”, 只有attract有此意。
27.【解析】选D。本句意为“顾客们驾车从市区到城市以外的商业中心”, 只有downtown“市中心、市区”符合此意, A项意为“公共的、大众的”, B项意为“私人的、私有的”, C项意为“户外的”。
28.【解析】选A。本句意为“这些购物中心的日趋流行与普及反过来催生了规模更大, 设备更好的商店的建成”。distinction声望; beauty美, 美丽; popularity流行, 普及; expense开支, 花销。故选A。
29.【解析】选B。根据上题解释, in turn应为“依次”的意思, 引申为“反过来”。out of turn意为“超越职权, 冒昧无礼”, out of order意为“不按顺序、次序颠倒”, in order意为“整齐、有条理”。
30.【解析】选A。在这四个选项中, 只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用, 意为“到……为止”, 其他三个选项均被排除。
31.【解析】选C。“到20世纪70年代后期, 很多大型购物中心已经几乎发展成为小型城市了”, 由此可得A项正确。shrink意为“缩小, 收缩”, increase意为“增加”, decrease意为“减少”。
32.【解析】选C。这里convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便, 便利”, 符合上下文义, A项意为“规则; 管理”, B项意为“关系”, D项意为“信心”。
33.【解析】选C。介词with在这里的意思是“带有”, 本句意为“商业街逐渐演变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的园林式公园”, A项意为“周围, 附近”, B项意为“此外”, D项意为“缺乏、没有”。
阅读理解：
34.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段“But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and color. ”可知这种食品的形状和颜色像大脑, 故A项为最佳答案。
35.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”可知Fu Shan要求店主以他母亲的名字命名饭店, 故C项为最佳答案。
36.【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知本文介绍了一种食品的起源, 店主一定答应了Fu Shan的要求, 然后把这种食品推广开来。故D项为最佳答案。
37.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“You shouldn’t be, because these brains are only a kind of food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition. ”可知这种食品受欢迎的原因是其不寻常的名字和丰富的营养。故B项正确。
38.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。综观全文, 可知A项正确; B项只是在倒数第三段中涉及; C项说哥哥帮助萨芬娜打球, 文章中并没有涉及; D项说萨芬娜如何在网球上击败她的哥哥, 文章中也没有涉及到。
39.【解析】选B。细节理解题。B项应为萨芬娜的缺点, 其它选项都为文中的具体细节信息, 均可以在文章中找到。
40.【解析】选A。细节信息题。从文章中第二段第一句话可知, 萨芬娜即将在4月20日公布的世界网球排行榜上取代美国的威廉姆斯成为头号种子选手, 由此可得A项。B项中由于下文提到了萨芬娜的脾气暴躁以及时常不稳定的性格, 因此说她总是信心十足和渴望成功, 是不合适的, 错在always一词上; C项参考倒数第三段萨芬娜说的话, 可知此项不正确; D项是萨芬娜而不是她的哥哥赢得这两场比赛。
41.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。整句话的意思是“萨芬娜从最没有希望成功的人一跃成为世界顶级的网球选手”, 其中的“basket case”为英语俚语, 意思是“最没有希望、最绝望的人”, 同时也可以参考这句话之前对萨芬娜性格和脾气的表述。
42.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。由文中第一段第一句China celebrated its military confidence at sea on Thursday, when anniversary celebrations for the founding of its navy climaxed with a show of the warships and submarines. 和第二段第一句Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the start of the naval parade of 25 naval vessels and 31 aircrafts Thursday afternoon, including two of China’s nuclear-powered Long March submarines. 可知A项正确。B项表述不正确, 应为China celebrated its military confidence at sea。 C、D两项都是文章中的一部分, 范围小了。
43【解析】选A。推理判断题。由文中But China’s naval modernization has far from erased a technological gap with the United States and other major powers. 可知A项正确。
44.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由The fleet parade off the eastern port city of Qingdao marks 60 years since the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy. 可知A项错误; 由Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the start of the naval parade of 25 naval vessels and 31 aircrafts Thursday afternoon. . . 可知B项错误; 由The PLA Navy has come from nothing to “a modern maritime force capable of effectively defending national sovereignty and security”, the Liberation Army Daily said. 可知D项错误, C项正确。
45.【解析】选C。文章第四段提到了睡眠的重要性。A项容易被误选, 但仔细阅读第二段发现原文意思是要注意眼前的事情, 而不是说要和家人呆在一起才能快乐。
46.【解析】选C。文章第三段举了一个例子, 老年人边听音乐边做手术会减缓心率和降低血压, 所以这是一个降低手术风险的好办法。
47.【解析】选B。根据原文第五段可知：给你的工作列一个清单可以帮助你组织思路, 抚平你的焦虑, 核对每一个项目, 可以使你有一种满足感。所以B项符合题意。
48.【解析】选C。阅读文章倒数第二段, 可以先排除A与D项。仔细分析后面的“places of worship做礼拜的地方”又可以排除B项。