（人教版）高中英语必修2：unit 4 Wildlife protection现在进行时态的被动语态及语法讲解

现在进行时态的被动语态
概念引入
1．The sports meeting is being held in our school.
我校正在举行运动会
2．Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang river
长江正在修建另一座大桥
3. The environment in that country is being polluted so badly that all the people can’t stand it.
那个国家的环境正被严重地污染着，以至于所有的人都感到难以忍受。
4. That bridge is being built. I can’t stand the noise.
那座桥正在被建，我受不了这噪音。
上述句子的谓语的时态都是现在进行时，语态都是被动语态，现在进行时的被动语态的形式是易错点，是这个单元要学习的内容。
知识讲解
【被动语态的概念】
被动语态的概念
1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
例如：上句可变为
Chinese is spoken by many people.
为什么要用被动语态？
1.当关注的是事情本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。如:
The meeting was put off.
My car has been moved.
2.动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。
The ceremony was reported in the news last night.
If you break the school rules, you will be punished.
3.当动作的执行者是“people”或 “one” 时。
He is believed to have invented the computer.
Advertisements are seen everywhere.
4.修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称
现在进行时态的被动语态
1. 基本构成：be＋being＋done （be代替is/ are/ am）
My new house is being decorated. 我的新房子正在装修。
Money is being collected for the Hope Project. 正在为希望工程募捐。
(2018 模拟全国III卷) Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit，including stately gardens and commercial orchards.
各地关注水果的地方都在举办苹果节，包括高雅的花园和商业果园。
2. 基本句型：
(1)肯定式：主语＋be＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他。
Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River.
长江上正在修建另一座大桥。
(2)否定式：主语＋be＋not＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他。
The engineer is not being treated fairly.
目前这位工程师没有受到公平的待遇。
(3)一般疑问式：Be＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？
Is the life of pandas being studied by the scientists?
科学家们正在研究熊猫的生活习惯吗？
(4)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋be＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？
Where is the new science lab being built?
新的科技馆正在哪里建造？
拓展：过去进行时的被动语态
构成：be＋being＋done （be代替was/were）
When I arrived there that evening, the room was being cleaned.
那天晚上我到那里时，房间正在打扫。
现在进行时态的被动语态的用法
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。
My sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹正在面试。
The American businessman is now being treated in China.
那个美国商人正在中国接受治疗。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作。
(2018 四川模拟) And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.
而且不仅是知更鸟正在受人工光影响而一直无法入睡。
Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.
这些天正在进行着许多有趣的实验。(说话时，并不一定正在进行)
It is reported that the tomb in Henan is still being dug.
据报道河南的那个墓仍然正在挖掘中。
3. 表示反复进行的被动的动作。
always、frequently、constantly等和现在进行时的被动语态连用表示反复进行的被动的动作，这种动词形式常用来表示赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken.
我感到很吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。
拓展：表示过去某一时间或某一阶段正在进行的被动的动作，应该用过去进行时的被动语态。
—Why didn't they drive there on time? 为什么他们没有准时开车到那儿?
—Because the road was being mended. 因为那条路正在修理当中。
被动语态中常用的介词
1．by表示动作的执行者或施加者
By whom is the book written 这本书是谁写的？
The children were driven indoors by the rain. 孩子们被雨赶进了室内。
注意：被动语态句子中的by短语并不总是表示动作执行者。
A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.
警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。（by表示方式）
He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner.
她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。（by表示原因）
The snow was piled high by the gate.
门口雪堆积得很高。（by表示地点）
2．with表示用某种工具
The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼被枪打死了。
The field was spread with wild flowers. 田野里野花遍地。
3．from表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料）
Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。
4．of表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料）
The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。
5．其他介词
You are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。
He is known to everybody. 大家都认识他。
She was caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。
表示被动意义介词短语
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，常含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：
under control 受控制 under treatment 在治疗中 under repair 在修理中
under discussion 在讨论中 under construction 在施工中
The building is under construction ( is being constructed).
这幢楼正在建设中。
2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：
beyond belief令人难以置信 beyond one’s reach 够不到
beyond one’s control 无法控制 beyond our hope 我们始料不及
The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）.
这些谣言不可信。
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。
His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough.
他诚实的性格让人赞叹不已。
4．“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如：
for sale 出售 for rent 出租
That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold). 那幢房子待售。
5．“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在……过程中或范围内”。如：
in print 在印刷中 in sight 在视野范围内
The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed) 这本书还没有付印。
6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。如：
on sale 出售) on show 展出 on trial 受审
Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
现在一些珍宝正在博物馆展览。
7．“out of+名词”结构； 表示“超出……之外”，如：
out of control 控制不了 out of sight 超出视线之外
out of one’s reach 够不着 out of fashion 不流行
The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled).
飞机失控了。
8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。
He took two days off within the teacher’s permission．
老师允许了他休了两天假。
认识双重被动结构
双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。
注意下面句子变成被动语态的区别：
1. They asked us to discuss the problem at once.
→We were asked to discuss the problem at once.
→The problem was asked to be discussed at once. （双重被动）
这个问题被要求立刻讨论。
2. She offered to buy a recorder for me.
→A recorder was offered to be bought for me. （双重被动）
有人提出要帮我买一台录音机。
3. The teacher ordered that we should take the desk away.
→The desk was ordered to be taken away.（双重被动）
课桌被要求搬走。
再如：
4. The old man is believed to be taken good care of.
人们相信这位老人会被照顾得很好。
5. The books are allowed to be taken out of the library.
这些书可以被带出图书馆。
6. He is said to have been brought to a prison to experience the life there.
据说他曾经被带到一所监狱去体验那里的生活。
常见的几个系表结构的句型
1. be + 不及物动词的过去分词
Her money is all gone. 她的钱都花光了。
The honoured guests are arrived. 贵宾们到了。
The moon is risen. 月亮升起来了。
She is grown up. 她长大了。
The leaves are fallen. 树叶落了。
We are prepared for the worst. 我们已准备好应付最坏的情况。
2. 表示“充满”的“be + 过去分词 + with”结构
The mountain is covered with snow all the year round. 这座山终年被积雪覆盖。
The classroom was crowded with pupils. 教室里挤满了学生。
The lake is dotted with fishing boats. 湖里渔帆点点。
The floor was piled with old books. 地板上堆满了旧书。
(2018 重庆模拟) Upon her return home，Alice was filled with joy at the news．
爱丽丝回家时，听到这个消息心里满是喜悦。
3. “remain, feel, lie, stand及become, grow等词 + 过去分词”结构
The matter remained unsettled. 这件事悬而未决。
She felt disappointed. 她感到失望。
The road became crowded. 道路拥挤了。
现在进行时的被动语态
巩固练习
把下列句子变为被动语态。
she is teaching the boy
_____________________________________________________________
Now he is watering the trees.→
______________________________________________________________
3. One of the best students is writing the report about the environment.
______________________________________________________________
4. We are painting our classroom now.→
______________________________________________________________
5. Some factories are polluting the rivers.→
______________________________________________________________
6. People are not hunting wild animals.→
______________________________________________________________
7. Look! Their aunt is taking care of the children.→
______________________________________________________________
8. Is the doctor examining the patient now? →
______________________________________________________________
9. Are the workers building the library? →
______________________________________________________________
10. Why are you cleaning the house? →
______________________________________________________________
用被动语态翻译下面句子
1. 熊猫正受到人们的保护。
2. 这个事件正受到更多的关注。
3. 这个学校正接受市长的检查。
4. 你知道你的眼睛正受到电脑的危害吗？
5. 看！越来越多的人正被你的话影响。
单项填空
1．It is reported that many a new house________ at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built B．were being built
C．was being built D．is being built
2．—What’s that noise?
—Oh，I forgot to tell you .The new machine ________.
A．was tested B．will be tested C．is being tested D．has been tested
3．(2018 天津静海县六校期中) This Monday morning I was informed I _____ as one of three exchange students from our school.
A. had been chosen B. was chosen C. had been choosing D. was choosing
4．(2018 浙江余姚中学期中) The fellow was caught stealing and is now _______ in the police station.
A. watching over B. watching out for C. being watched over D. being watched out for
5．Two building workers got seriously injured when the stadium________.
A．was built B．was being built C．built D．is being built
6．Don’t make any noise. Her mother ________ by a doctor.
A．examined B．is being examined
C．has been examined D．is examining
7.—Sorry，sir，your car isn’t ready yet .It _______ in the garage.
—That’s all right.
A．is repaired B．is being repaired
C．hasn’t repaired D．has been repaired
8． I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A．taught B．have taught C．are taught D．have been taught
9．More schools in western regions _______ as our government increases its support there.
A．will be built B．is built C．was to built D．have built
10．—Are they about to have breakfast?
—Yes，it ________ in the dining room.
A．is being served B．is served C．is serving D．serves
11．—Some measures have been taken to prevent the environment from being destroyed.
—Yes. And the wildlife in this area________.
A．are under protection B．is under the protection
C．is being protected D．are being protected
12．—Why have you come to work on foot today?
—Well，my bike ______ and I hate taking a crowded bus.
A．has been repaired B．is repairing C．will be repaired D．is being repaired
13．My sister wants to work in a tall building which ________ still________.
A．is；to be built B．is；building
C．is；being built D．has been；built
14．（2018 安徽模拟）It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
15．—Do you know what Lily is doing?
—She ________ in the office.
A．may be interviewed B．can be interviewed
C．can being interviewed D．may be being interviewed
16．—Excuse me．what time is it now?
—Sorry，my watch________．It ________ at the shop．
A．isn’t working；is being repaired B．doesn’t work；is being repaired
C．isn’t working：is repaired D．doesn’t work；is repaired
17．—Are they about to have dinner?
—Yes，it ________ in the dining room．
A．is being served B．is served C．is serving D．serves
18．Can’t you see your problem ________? Have some patience，please．
A．is being discussed B．was being discussed
C．is discussed D．has been discussed
19．You can’t use the machine today because some parts ________ this week．
A．are replaced B．are being replaced C．have replaced D．are replacing
20．(2018 天津静海县六校期中) I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth _______ well.
A. have told; washes B. have been told; is washed
C. was told; washed D. have been told; washes
21．Would you please give him this message the moment he ________?
A．arrives B．arrived C．will arrive D．is being arrived
22．---Why, you are wet all over! (2018 天津一中期中)
---I _______ just now and I rushed all the way here.
A. was caught in the rain B. was caught by the rain
C. caught by rain D. caught up a rain
23．—Do you know what Lily is doing?
—She ________ in the office．
A．may be interviewed B．can be interviewed
C．can being interviewed D．may be being interviewed
24．It is said that pandas ________ in our country year after year．
A．are being disappeared B．are disappearing
C．will be disappeared D．will disappear
25．—By the way，have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet．The walls ________．
A．were painted B．are being painted C．are painted D．are painting
答案解析：
把下列句子变为被动语态。
1. The boy is being taught (by her).
2. The trees are being watered by him.
3. The report about the environment is being written by one of the best students.
4. Our classroom is being painted by us now.
5. The rivers are being polluted by some factories.
6. Wild animals are not being hunted by people/
7. Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
8. Is the patient being examined by the doctor now?
9. Is the library being built by the workers?
10. Why is the house being cleaned by you?
翻译句子
1. Pandas are being protected by people.
2. More attention is being paid to the incident./ The incident is being paid more attention to.
3. The school is being inspected by the mayor.
4. Do you know that your eyes are being harmed by the computer?
5. Look! More and more people are being affected by your words.
单项选择
D。考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行；many a＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D。
C。考查动词的语态。根据该句空格前面的主语the new machine可以判知，空格处应该使用被动语态。然后根据上文可以判知，该机器的检测应该是正在进行中，所以本题应该使用现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。
A。句意：本周一我得到通知我被选为我们学校派送的三名交换生之一。“I”与“choose 选择”是被动关系，用被动语态，排除C、D；was informed是过去时，过去之前已经完成，用过去完成时，所以选A。
C。watch out for 当心，注意，警惕；watch over 看守，监视。根据句意，偷东西被抓，一定是在警察局被“看守”了，排除B、D；The fellow（那个家伙）与谓语动词“watch over”为动宾关系，用被动语态，根据is now，用现在进行时的被动语态。
B。根据句意“当体育场正在建造时”和主句的时态可知，应该用过去进行时的被动语态。
B。根据句意“她的母亲正在被医生检查”，应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
B。根据句意“车正在修理厂修理”，应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
D。句意：我喜欢这些英语歌曲，它们已经在广播上被教过好多遍了。songs与teach存在被动关系，应用被动语态，故排除A、B；由many times判断歌曲已经被教过，故应用现在完成时。
A。句意：随着政府对西部地区支持力度的加大，那里将会建成更多的学校。根据句意可知，主句用将来时，build和more schools是动宾关系，因此要用被动语态。
A。由语境可知餐厅此刻正在供应早餐，即早餐正在被供应，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。
C。wildlife为不可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数形式，故排除A、D。under protection“受到保护”，不用冠词，故排除B项。C项是现在进行时的被动语态，符合题意。
D。is being repaired说明自行车正在被修，所以今天步行上班。故选D。
C。根据still可知大楼正在建设中，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
B。句意：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。从in years to come可知，时态是将来时，“太空站”和“建造”是被动关系，所以选B。
D。根据问句可知动作正在进行，句意：她现在也许正在接受采访，故选D。
B。考查时态和语态。手表坏了说的是手表目前的状况，用一般现在时表示主语的性质；根据第一句中的now可知，问的是此刻的情形，故手表正在店里修，用现在进行时，故选B。
A。由语境可知餐厅此刻正在供应晚餐，即晚餐正在被供应，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。
A。根据have some patience可知问题没有讨论完，且根据语境，动作是目前正在进行的，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
B。句意：你今天不能使用这台机器，因为本周一些零件正在被置换。parts与replace之间的被动关系是本周这一阶段正在进行的动作。
D。句意：我想要买那种布，因为有人告诉我这种布好洗。“我”与“tell”是被动关系，而且是过去的动作，却影响说话时的行为，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。wash不强调动作，而表示布的特点，不用被动语态。
A。the moment he arrives是用一般现在时表示将来，意为“他一到达就……”。arrive为不及物动词，没有被动语态。故选A。
A。be caught in the rain 意为“遭雨淋了”，是固定搭配。句意：——哎呀，你全身都湿透了。——我刚刚淋了雨，我一路跑到这里的。
D。根据问句可知动作正在进行，她现在正在被采访，故选D。
B。disappear是不及物动词，不能用在被动结构中，根据year after year可知是目前存在的状况，故选B。
1B。句意：——顺便问一下，你搬到新房子里去了吗?——还没有。(新房的)墙正在被粉刷。由语境可知应用现在进行时的被动语态。