2019年高考英语高考真题和高考模拟题分项版汇编（含解析）（打包10套）

2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题01 词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）、短语辨析
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的，随便的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those
C. these D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
7.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
8.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
10.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
11【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
12.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
13.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
14.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. …
【答案】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） much.
【解析】（1） 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。
（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。
15.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
16.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
15.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
16.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
二、2019届模拟题
1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】Please ________ your ashes before it fails on the carpet.
A. cut off B. knock off
C. get off D. drop off
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在烟灰落到地板上之前把它弹掉。A. cut off切（隔）断；B. knock off停止做某事，下班，收工；C. get off 出发，离开，从……下来；D. drop off中途放下。knock off很形象的传达了弹烟灰中“弹”的动作。故选B。
2.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】.I didn’t ________ having to do the cooking myself, or I would have learnt one or two dishes from my mom.
A. expect B. anticipate
C. forecast D. preview
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我没有想到我要自己做饭，否则我就从我妈妈那里学会做一两个菜了。C. forecast 预报；D. preview预览，试映，与句意不符合。A. expect 与 B. anticipate都可表达“预期某事将发生”的意思，但当它们与非谓语连用时，anticipate后面接动名词，expect接不定式。故选B。
3.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another to the colors in the harvest season.
A. theme B. version
C. category D. dimension
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：枫叶在秋天变成了鲜红的颜色，为丰收的季节增添了另一抹色彩。A. theme主题；B. version版本；C. category种类；D. dimension维度；风采。dimension此处理解为“色彩；风采”，故选D。
4.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.
A. in favor of B. in response to
C. in salute to D. in consequence of
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时，剑桥给出了积极的回答。A. in favor of支持；B. in response to回应；C. in salute to致敬；D. in consequence of由于……的缘故。表示“回应”in response to，故选B。
5.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their survival skills and their wild nature.
A. display B. possess
C. maintain D. monitor
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自然保护区的野生动物需要发展他们的生存技能，保持他们的野生本性。A. display表现；B. possess拥有；C. maintain保持；D. monitor监控。根据句意故应选maintain，表示“保持”。选C。
6.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】Is this your cell phone, Tony? I ________ it when I was cleaning the classroom.
A. came across B. dealt with
C. looked after D. held on to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. came across偶然发现，碰巧遇到；B. dealt with 处理，解决；C. looked after照顾；D. held on to坚持，继续。句意：Tony，这是你的手机吗?我在打扫教室的时候发现了它。故选A。
7.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】It is widely acknowledged that students should be ____________ in terms of overall quality.
A. supported B. matched
C. evaluated D. controlled
【答案】C
【解析】这里意思是“普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们”。supported 支持；matched 相配；evaluated评估；controlled控制，所以选C。句意：普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们。
考点：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。
8.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks.
A. another B. other
C. others D. the other
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。固定搭配：some…, others…“一些……，另一些……”，others在此相当于other countries，故选C。
9.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】Some experts think, genes, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.
A. instead of B. except for
C. apart from D. far from
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. instead of代替；B. except for除了；C. apart from除……之外还；D. far from远非。句意：一些专家认为，除了基因，智力还取决于充足的饮食、良好的教育以及良好的家庭环境。根据“intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.”可知此处表示“除……之外还”，故C项正确。
10.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】The people in the village are so that they are willing to help every visitor.
A. optimistic B. energetic
C. enthusiastic D. ambitious
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. optimistic乐观的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. enthusiastic热心的；D. ambitious有抱负的。句意：这个村里的人都很热心，他们愿意帮助每一位游客。根据“they are willing to help every visitor.”可知此处表示“热心的、热情的”，故C项正确。














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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
7.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
11.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
12.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
13.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
13.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。


二、2019届模拟题
1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】 If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A. had been B. were
C. would be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would have done（早就做…）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。
【点睛】
If条件状语从句的虚拟语气：
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)；主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do.如If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done.如If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
3.表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）；主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do.如 If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
温馨提示：
if引导的虚拟语气，如果if省略，则将助动词had、情态动词should或be动词were提到主语的前面。
2.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they ________ in the countryside.
A. will do B. had done
C. have done D. were doing
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我父母刚来城市的时候，经常去邻居家聊天，就像他们在乡下经常做的那样。这是一个when引导的时间状语从句加just as引导的方式状语从句。方式状语从句的主句使用的时态是一般过去式（went to neighbors for a talk），从句发生的动作在主句动作之前，所以使用过去完成时。故选B。
3.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it.
A. shall B. must
C. may D. need
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must（必须，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要) 需要；故选A。
4.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】—I spend two weeks in Beijing last year.
—Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn’t B. didn’t
C. haven’t D. hadn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——去年我在北京呆了两周。——那么你在逗留期间一定参观过长城，是吗?题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，可认定must have visited是对“过去”的推断，用一般过去时反问。此处是反意疑问句，前半句肯定，后半句应该用否定形式，故选B。
5.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】She ________ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away.
A. talked B. has talked
C. had talked D. was talking
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：她正在和别人通电话，所以我只是向她点点头就走了。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时态，故选D。
6.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady.
A. if it were not B. had it not been
C. if it would not be D. should it not be
【答案】B
【解析】考查if从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故选B。
7.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
— Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes.
A. can B. may
C. must D. shall
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够；B. may可能；C. must一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选C。
8.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】— How could they misunderstand me like that?
—Just keep silent! It’s the best way to let them know they you wrong.
A. do B. did
C. are doing D. had done
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：-他们怎么能那样误解我呢?- 保持沉默!这是让他们知道他们做错了你的最好方式。根据how could可知这件事情发生在过去，所以用 did you wrong来表示过去他们错怪了你。故选B。
9.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】The students have decided on a final date by which everyone reading the books assigned by their professor.
A. finishes B. finished
C. have finished D. will have finished
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：学生们决定了最后的日期，到那时每个人都将读完教授布置的书。根据“a final date by which”可知此处表示将来已经完成的动作，应该用将来完成时，故D项正确。
10.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ by turns, you ________ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你当时不让我开车，如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么累了。根据“You didn’t let me drive.”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句要用过去完成时，主句用wouldn’t have done结构，故D项正确。
【点睛】注意：表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主句谓语形式为would/should/could+动词原形；表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were），主句谓语形式为would/should/could+动词原形；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为had+过去分词，主句谓语形式为would/should/could have+过去分词。
















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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题03非谓语动词和交际用语
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 35.—Let's take a coffee break.
— __________ We' ve been working for hours.
A. Why bother? B. What for? C. You got me there. D. You said it.
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景对话。——句意：我们休息一下喝杯咖啡吧。——你算说对了。我们已经工作好几个小时了。下文说“我们已经工作好几个小时了”，上文应该是赞同这个建议。 why bother没有必要；what for为什么；You got me there你把我搞糊涂了；You said it你算说对了，故选D。
3.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】1.—I guess you want to go play tennis.
—__________. That's exactly what I was thinking too.
A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you
C. You never know D. You read my mind
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：---我猜你想去打网球。---你猜透了我的心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而A（不明白，不认同某人的说法）、B（决于你）和C（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。“you read my mind”意为你知我心，符合语境，故选D。
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】6.—My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!
—Wow, ___________! What's he going to study?
A. good for him B. go for it
C. what a coincidence D. all the best
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查情景对话。句意：——我的儿子得了他梦想大学的全额奖学金。——噢，对他有好处!他打算学习什么呢? good for him“对他有好处” ；go for it“努力争取”； what a coincidence“多么巧合”； all the best“祝一切顺利（祝酒告别时说）”。故选A。
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
10.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
11.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football.
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
12【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
13.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
14.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
15.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
16.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
16.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
16.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。
16.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。

二、2019届模拟题
1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】The man ________ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.
A. having circulating B. to circulate
C. circulating D. to have circulated
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传播18名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与the man 是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语， 故选C。
【点睛】区分非谓语动词时，主要是要区分谓语动词与非谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序。如果同时发生或者非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间，一般使用现在分词形式；如果非谓语动作发生在位于动作之后，使用不定式如果非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前，使用过去分词。本题考查的就是非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间的情形。
2. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的正确形式。句意：明天给我打电话，我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句，故用动词原形。选B。
3. 【江苏省南京市 2019 届高三年级三模考试】With the number of homecoming overseas students up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.
A. shot B. being shot
C. shooting D. to shoot
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定用法。句意：近年来，由于归国留学生人数的激增，外国学位持有者的吸引力逐渐减弱。本句为with的复合结构，shoot与overseas students构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，故选C。
4. 【2019年天津市十二所重点中学高三毕业班联考】The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not whether to believe what he had said.
A. to know B. knowing
C. known D. having known
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little boy与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故B项正确。
5. 【江苏省2019届苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查】Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.
A. to reduce B. reduced
C. having reduced D. reducing
【答案】D
【解析】考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词最自然的结果状语，故答案为D。
5. 【江苏省2019届苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查】Actors should be good observers, watching people's body language and speaking style, and this into their own abilities to progress in acting.
A. transferring B. transforming
C. transporting D. transmitting
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语Actors和transform之间是主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，与watching并列，故答案为D。
6. 【天津市北辰区2019届高考模拟试卷】We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he Is busy preparing for an international contest __________ in Shanghai next month.
A. held B. to hold
C. being held D. to be held
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员，因为他正忙于准备下个月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处contest和hold之间是一种被动关系，这里是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故选D。

















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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题04 从句（名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句）
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】23.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是…多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】13.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.
A. since B. once
C. unless D. after
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。
7.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
9.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
10.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
【答案】
In?the?cafe,?customers?will?enjoy? themselves?in?the?historical?environment??is?created?for?them.?
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
11.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
12.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
13.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
二、2019届模拟题
1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】People crowd into ________ cherry trees are blooming, appreciating the fresh spring sight.
A. what B. when
C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：人们涌向樱花盛开的地方，欣赏清新的春光。从句做介词into的宾语，且从句缺少地点状语。A. what什么；B. when什么时候；C. which哪一个；D. where哪儿。故选D。
【点睛】名词性从句中引导词的确定要根据从句的句子类型，如果从句是陈述句，引导词为 that，如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，则引导词为if 或whether，如果从句是特殊疑问句就用它原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作为引导词。本题做题步骤①分析主句People crowd into…可知，本题考查宾语从句。②分析从句cherry trees are blooming不缺主语或宾语，那就不能填关系代词。③再根据翻译确定关系副词。
2.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】The reign of the next Japanese emperor will be known as “Reiwa” (令和) era, in ________ name the character for “harmony” is included.
A. which B. what
C. whose D. as
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：下一个日本皇帝统治时期将被称为“令和时代”，在这个名字里包含着寓意“和谐”的字。先行词为“Reiwa”(令和) era。从句中name前缺少一个形容词，只有选项A和选项C可用做形容词。但是A. which强调“哪一个”，C. whose强调“谁的”。定语从句前没有出现选项范围，故选C。
3. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】I guess ________ impresses me most about his painting is the colors he uses.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。guess后是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句没有主语，所填词应该起双重作用，故选D。
4. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】It was the middle of the night ________ my dad woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
A. when B. that
C. which D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我爸爸把我叫醒叫我去看足球比赛时，时间已经是半夜了。句中it指代时间，my dad woke me up and told me to watch the football game.是时间状语从句，用when引导。故选A。
5. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】How come? I can’t find my key. I just left it ________ it had been.
A. where B. which
C. when D. how
【答案】A
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：怎么可能?我找不到钥匙了。我刚把它放在原来的地方。结合句意可知此处是where引导的地点状语从句，故选A。
6.【江苏省南京市学2019届高三年级模拟考试】We live in this society now ________ literally someone is always helping.
A. when B. where
C. that D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句连。句意：我们现在生活在这样一个确实有人一直在帮助我们的社会里。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the society，且先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，故用where相当于 in which。故选B。
7.【江苏省南京市学2019届高三年级模拟考试】Patrick waited ________ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared.
A. until B. before
C. when D. while
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意：他一直等到所有的行李都清理完毕，但是他的行李迟迟未出现。A. until直到才；B. before在……之前；C. when当……时候；D. while当……时候。根据句意，表示“直到……才”应用until/till，故选A。
8.【江苏省南京市学2019届高三年级模拟考试】The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. It’s about ________you’re made of, not the circumstances.
A. that B. what
C. how D. who
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，用what，故选B。
9. 【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】The athletes, especially the winners, should remain modest ________ rapid progress they have made.
A. whatever B. however
C. how much D. no matter
【答案】A
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：那些运动员，尤其是获胜者，无论他们取得多么大的进步，都应该保持谦逊。此处修饰名词progress，表示“不管什么样的、无论什么”，故A项正确。
10. 【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】Bob made a promise to the manager ________ the work would all be finished on time.
A. that B. what
C. which D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，从句成分完成，用that解释promise的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故A项正确。
11. 【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】The police are investigating the company, three of ________ managers have already been arrested.
A. whose B. that
C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：警方正在调查这家公司，其中三位经理已经被逮捕。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为company，从句中缺少定语，故A项正确。
12. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】This semester our school offers many optional courses for the students, _______ appeals to many students.
A. each of which B. all of whom
C. each of whom D. all of which
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词+关系代词形式定语从句。句意：这学期我们学校为学生开设了很多选修课，每一门课都吸引了很多学生。本句为定语从句修饰先行词courses，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用关系代词which，故排除B、C选项；又因从句中谓语动词appeals为第三人称单数形式，故此处应为强调“每一门”，故选A。
13. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】I was going to pay by cash when it suddenly occurred to me _________ I had left my purse at home.
A. whether B. what
C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查连接词辨析。句意：我正要付现金，突然想起我把钱包忘在家里了。句型it occurred to sb that…“某人突然想起某事”后跟that从句，故选C。
【点睛】英语句型：表达“想起某事”的常用句型补充：
it happened to sb that 意为在某人身上发生了某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
bring sth. in mind 使某人想起某事
put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事
14. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】—What did she want to know, Tom?
—She wondered _______ we could complete the experiment.
A. when was it B. it was when that
C. it was when D. when it was that
【答案】D
【解析】考查强调句。句意：“她想知道什么，汤姆？”“她想知道我们什么时候才能完成实验。”分析句子意思以及句子结构可知，空格部分为强调特殊疑问词when，且为宾语从句结构，故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间，并且要使用陈述语序。故D选项正确。
【点睛】强调句型：It is (was) 被强调部分+that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用who，其余用that。
原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
强调句的判断：去掉It is (was)和that (who)后，剩余成分能组成完整句子，则为强调句型。
15. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】Tianjin soccer fans wonder how long it will be ______ the popular soccer star —Sunke can appear in the fields in Tianjin as a member of Tianjin Tianhai soccer team.
A. before B. since
C. until D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：天津球迷想知道，流行足球明星孙科还需要多久才能作为天津天海足球队的一员出现在天津的赛场上。固定句式：It will be +some time +before…“多久之后才……”。故选A。

















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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题05 阅读理解
一、2019年高考真题
I.应用文
1. 【2019·全国卷I，A】
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.
23. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。
21.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides students with ...awards of up to ＄3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: ...Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。
2. 【2019·全国卷II，A】
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?
A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn.
C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl
22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda.
C. After Dark. D. The Stand.
23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)
A. A folk tale. B. A biography.
C. A love story. D. A horror story.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍。
21.C
【解析】细节理解题。由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C选项正确。
22.C
【解析】细节理解题。由After Dark中的“It’s about two sister-Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari,a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的 上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A选项正确。
22.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she meant business应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。
23.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator…was killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段中的“as I grew older…and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。
8. 【2019·浙江卷，B】
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people’s morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。
24.C
【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的money with no strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。
25.B
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B选项正确。
26.D
【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D选项正确。

III.说明文
1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.
A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
28.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can determine people’s identities可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
30.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
31.D
【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。
2. 【2019·全国卷I，D】
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。
32.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。
33.A
【解析】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。
34.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。
35.A
【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。
4. 【2019·全国卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入 的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。
46.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科中的一些关键原则。故选B。
47. C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。
48. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。
49.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。
50. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。
9. 【2019·江苏卷，B】
In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park.
D. The exact location of the volcano.
59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes.
B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes.
D. The heights of volcanoes.
60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera.
C. Big photograph. D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
58.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。
59.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。
60.C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。

10. 【2019·浙江卷，C】
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。
27.A
主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。
28. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选D。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, …, and earlier snowmelt, …可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。
30.A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。




IV.议论文
1. 【2019·全国卷II，C】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
30.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。
31.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
2. 【2019·全国卷III，B】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
24.B
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。
25.A
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。
26.D
【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。
27.D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations.以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。
3. 【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.B
【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
54. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
55.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
6. 【2019·江苏卷，C】
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D. provide more affordable internet facilities
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
64. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
61.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。
62.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。
63.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。
64.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。





二、2019届模拟题
I.应用文
1.武汉第二中学2019届高三五月全仿真模拟考试
The Visitor Oyster card
A Visitor Oyster card is the cheapest way to pay for a single adult journeyin London. It’s a plastic smartcard. You can use it on the bus, tube, tram, DLR,London Overground and most National Rail services. It’s much cheaper thanbuying individual tickets, in some cases costing 50% less than the price of a regularpaper ticket.
How to get a Visitor Oyster card
You can buy a Visitor Oyster card online. Your card will be delivered by post.The card costs ?5 and you choose how much money you want to add to the card.This means you can start using the card the moment you arrive in Central London.
How does the Visitor Oyster card work?
The Oyster card works on a pay-as-you-go system. You start by adding money to the card. Then you travel, the cost of the fare will automatically bededucted from your Visitor Oyster card. For example, if you add ?20 to thecard and make a tube journey of ?2.30, you will have ?17.70 left on the card.
A few more points:
·A child under the age of 11 travels free when accompanied by an adult.
·You’ll save more money if you use the tube several times. The Visitor Oyster cardis “capped (给……定上限)” at ?6.80 per day.
·You’ll pay more during peak times. Peak fares apply from Monday to Friday (6:30am—9:30 am; 4:00 pm —7:00 pm), except for public holidays.
·Reuse the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station, Oyster ticket shop orVisitor Centre.
·Receive a discount on the Thames Clippers River Bus services.
1. What can we learn about the Visitor Oyster card?
A. You can’t use it during public holidays.
B. You can have it mailed directly to your home.
C. You can get a free Oyster card if you order online.
D. You can receive a 50% discount at any shop in London.
2. How much money will be deducted if you take the tube four times in a day witha Visitor Oyster card?
A. ?2.30. B. ?3.40.
C. ?6.80. D. ?9.20.
3. Where can you add credit to your Visitor Oyster card?
A. On the Internet. B. At a bus station.
C. At a tube station. D. In convenience stores.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游览伦敦使用Visitor Oyster Card的好处，如何购买及如何充值。
1.B
【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句Your card will be delivered by post.可知Visitor Oyster card可以直接寄到你家。故选B。
2.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据A few more points部分You’ll save more money if you use the tube several times. The Visitor Oyster card is “capped (给……定上限)” at ?6.80 per day.可知如果你乘几次地铁，你会节省更多的钱。Visitor Oyster卡的“上限”是每天6.8英镑。故选C。
3.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据A few more points部分倒数第二段Reuse the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station, Oyster ticket shop or Visitor Centre.可知可以在地铁站添加，故选C。
2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三高考模拟（5月三模)考试
Hot Spots for Retirees to Start Their Encore Career
Encore Career: Vocational School Instructor
Retire in: Los Angeles, CA
Ever since IBM CEO Ginni Rometty coined the term “new collar” to describe well-paid jobs that require specific skills but not necessarily a degree, vocational schools have made a serious comeback. Apparently instructors are in short supply in sunny L.A., where there are 13 jobs at vocational schools for every applicant on the market. This is a great opportunity for skilled retirees since, unlike teaching at a public school that requires a state certificate, the only requirement here is that you be a seasoned expert in your field.
Encore Career: Business Consultant
Retire in : Miami, FL
Consulting is a great option for a retired business professional looking to make their own hours, be their own boss, and earn as much or as little as needed to maintain their standard of living. For every consultant in Miami right now there are 13 businesses hoping to hire them. There's even greater demand here than in Washington D.C., which is typically considered the consulting capital of the world.
Encore Career: Tourist Wrangler
Retire in :Austin , TX
As the economy continues to boom and more Americans have extra income to spend, the tourism industry has taken off. This is particularly true in Austin, TX, where there were astonishing 36 tourism jobs for every applicant in July. Between four-star hotels, the noisy rock n' roll scene, and a new food culture, Austin is the place to be if you want to work in service industry.
Encore Career: Supporter of the Arts
Retire in: Charleston, SC
If you're a Baby Boomer with a degree in the arts, now could be the perfect time to revisit your passion for creativity., especially if you also want to live in the center of southern charm. Between the 14 art galleries on King Street in Old Town, an abundance of acting companies and theaters, and music festivals, it's not surprising there were 25 jobs for every arty applicant iii Charleston.
1. Which career focuses on an applicant's skills instead of a diploma?
A. Vocational School Instructor. B. Business Consultant.
C. Tourist Wrangler. D. Supporter of the Arts.
2 Which city offers an applicant more job options than the others?
A. Los Angeles. B. Miami. C. Austin. D. Charleston.
3. Who is the text intended for?
A. Children. B. Graduates. C. Retirees. D. Tourists.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地点，以及这些地点的详细情况和职业的要求。
1.A 【解析】细节理解题。第一段最后一句This is a great opportunity for skilled retirees since, unlike teaching at a public school that requires a state certificate, the only requirement here is that you be a seasoned expert in your field.可知Vocational School Instructor岗位对有技能的退休人员来说是一个很好的机会，因为不像在公立学校教书需要国家证书，这里唯一的要求是你在你的领域里是一个经验丰富的专家。即注重申请人的技能而不是文凭，故选A。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一、二句As the economy continues to boom and more Americans have extra income to spend, the tourism industry has taken off. This is particularly true in Austin, TX, where there were astonishing 36 tourism jobs for every applicant in July.可知随着经济持续繁荣，越来越多的美国人有额外的收入可以消费，旅游业也开始腾飞。德克萨斯州奥斯汀的情况尤其如此，今年7月，该州旅游业的就业岗位达到了惊人的36个。可知Austin给求职者提供的工作选择比其他城市多。故选C。
3.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的标题Hot Spots for Retirees to Start Their Encore Career以及文章主要介绍了两个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地方，故文章是针对退休人员的。故选C。
3. 河北省石家庄市高三模拟试卷
Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.
Cumberland Islands, Georgia
Just a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a picnic paradise. It’s an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it’s still a rural area, the stars line up for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.
Grant Park, Chicago
If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20-day, lake-front, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.
Cranberry Islands, Maine
Here, you’ll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry (渡船) service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it’s a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.
Big Sur, California
The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It’s good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.
1. What are Cumberland Islands like?
A. They are just next to Savannah.
B. They haven’t lost their naturalness.
C. They are almost covered in Spanish moss.
D. They have a spectacular show every night.
2. Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope?
A. At the Navy Pier. B. In the Deep South.
C. At Acadia National Park. D. At the Point Lobos State Reserve.
3. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To introduce some picnic areas.
B. To share personal stories about picnics.
C. To tell readers some good ways to relax.
D. To offer readers tips for winter holiday.
4. Where can we most probably read this passage?
A. In a personal dairy. B . In a science report.
C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography textbook.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。
1.B
【解析】细节理解题。由Cumberland Islands, Georgia中的“It’s an unspoiled place ...” 可知，这是一个未遭破坏的地方。所以Cumberland Islands并没有丧失它的自然风光。故B选项正确。
2.D
【解析】细节理解题。由Big Sur, California中“The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem。We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.”可知，Point Lobos是评价很高的国家保护区。我们建议带上望远镜，因为大部分野生动物只能在远处看到。所以在Point Lobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故D选项正确
3.A
【解析】推理判断题。由“Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.”可知，梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏季野餐？我们想到了美国四大顶级野餐区，以及下文对于野餐区的详细说明。所以判断出作者写这篇短文的目的就是要介绍一些野餐区。故A选项正确。
4.C
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。所以这篇短文是写给那些要去旅游的游客的，希望他们在读到这篇短文之后，获得更多关于去哪里旅游和野餐的信息。所以判断最有可能在旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故C选项正确。
4. 山东省潍坊市2019届高三高考模拟（5月三模)考试
Hot Spots for Retirees to Start Their Encore Career
Encore Career: Vocational School Instructor
Retire in: Los Angeles, CA
Ever since IBM CEO Ginni Rometty coined the term “new collar” to describe well-paid jobs that require specific skills but not necessarily a degree, vocational schools have made a serious comeback. Apparently instructors are in short supply in sunny L.A., where there are 13 jobs at vocational schools for every applicant on the market. This is a great opportunity for skilled retirees since, unlike teaching at a public school that requires a state certificate, the only requirement here is that you be a seasoned expert in your field.
Encore Career: Business Consultant
Retire in : Miami, FL
Consulting is a great option for a retired business professional looking to make their own hours, be their own boss, and earn as much or as little as needed to maintain their standard of living. For every consultant in Miami right now there are 13 businesses hoping to hire them. There's even greater demand here than in Washington D.C., which is typically considered the consulting capital of the world.
Encore Career: Tourist Wrangler
Retire in :Austin , TX
As the economy continues to boom and more Americans have extra income to spend, the tourism industry has taken off. This is particularly true in Austin, TX, where there were astonishing 36 tourism jobs for every applicant in July. Between four-star hotels, the noisy rock n' roll scene, and a new food culture, Austin is the place to be if you want to work in service industry.
Encore Career: Supporter of the Arts
Retire in: Charleston, SC
If you're a Baby Boomer with a degree in the arts, now could be the perfect time to revisit your passion for creativity., especially if you also want to live in the center of southern charm. Between the 14 art galleries on King Street in Old Town, an abundance of acting companies and theaters, and music festivals, it's not surprising there were 25 jobs for every arty applicant iii Charleston.
1. Which career focuses on an applicant's skills instead of a diploma?
A. Vocational School Instructor. B. Business Consultant.
C. Tourist Wrangler. D. Supporter of the Arts.
2. Which city offers an applicant more job options than the others?
A. Los Angeles. B. Miami. C. Austin. D. Charleston.
7. Who is the text intended for?
A. Children. B. Graduates. C. Retirees. D. Tourists.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地点，以及这些地点的详细情况和职业的要求。
1.A
【解析】细节理解题。第一段最后一句This is a great opportunity for skilled retirees since, unlike teaching at a public school that requires a state certificate, the only requirement here is that you be a seasoned expert in your field.可知Vocational School Instructor岗位对有技能的退休人员来说是一个很好的机会，因为不像在公立学校教书需要国家证书，这里唯一的要求是你在你的领域里是一个经验丰富的专家。即注重申请人的技能而不是文凭，故选A。
2.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一、二句As the economy continues to boom and more Americans have extra income to spend, the tourism industry has taken off. This is particularly true in Austin, TX, where there were astonishing 36 tourism jobs for every applicant in July.可知随着经济持续繁荣，越来越多的美国人有额外的收入可以消费，旅游业也开始腾飞。德克萨斯州奥斯汀的情况尤其如此，今年7月，该州旅游业的就业岗位达到了惊人的36个。可知Austin给求职者提供的工作选择比其他城市多。故选C。
3.C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的标题Hot Spots for Retirees to Start Their Encore Career以及文章主要介绍了两个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地方，故文章是针对退休人员的。故选C。


5. 山东省菏泽市第一中学2019届高三最后一模
Every man dreams of having a good car. With luxury cars, like Bentley, Lamborghini and Rolls-Royce, going into the world of SUVs, if you have deep pockets, you will be spoilt for choice.
◆Lamborghini Aventador SVJ
Using a new aerodynamic system allows it to set a car lap record of 6: 44 97 at Nurburgring, one of the longest and most challenging circuits in the world. Plus, carbon fiber can be seen everywhere, which makes the car strong and lightweight. There’re only 900 being built and you’11need to cough up $517, 770 to buy one.
◆Aston Martin DBX
The DBX is Aston Martin’s maiden SUV product. It features a choice of two gas engines—a 4.0-liter V8 from Mercedes and a 5.2-liter V12 from its own. The price is predicted to be around $250, 000.
◆Audi E-tron
Being an eco-friendly motoring. it is an all-electric SUV that makes up for its rather ordinary appearance with design, luxury and technology. At the front and back are electric motors which insure progress is rapid. In addition to plenty of storage space, the Audi E-tron provides side cameras instead of side mirrors and air suspension that adapts to the terrain (地 形). Hand over $74, 800 and it’s yours.
◆Tesla Roadster
Tesla Roadster will turn most heads, Zero to 60 in 1.9 seconds means it will leave most cars for dust. The top speed is 250 mph, which is also unheard of for most cars—let alone an a11-electric one. Having advanced autonomous driving systems and a huge touchscreen for surfing the Internet, it won’t make you regret for paying $200, 000.
1. What’s special about Lamborghini Aventador SVJ?
A. It offers two gas engines. B. It is an all-electric SUV.
C. It uses lightweight materials. D. It has the most challenging circuit.
2. Which car is suitable if you want one with adaptable air suspension?
A. Lamborghini Aventador SVJ. B. Aston Martin DBX.
C. Audi E-tron. D. Tesla Roadster
3. Which of the following does Tesla Roadster provide?
A. Self-driving systems. B. A gas-saving engine.
C. Side cameras. D. Much storage space.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款豪华汽车的卖点以及价格。
1.C
【解析】细节理解题。由问题中的“Lamborghini Aventador SVJ”将答案定位在第一个小标题下。由段落中的“Plus，carbon fiber can be seen everywhere，which makes the car strong and lightweight. ”可知，碳纤维是这种车使用的主要材料，这使得这种车很结实而且重量轻。
也就是说车使用的是轻型材料。故选C。
2.C
【解析】细节理解题。由第三个小标题下的“In addition to plenty of storage space, the Audi E-tron provides side cameras instead of side mirrors and air suspension that adapts to the terrain (地形)”可知，奥迪e-tron不仅有足够大的存储空间，还有侧边摄像机和适应地形的可调节的空气悬挂。且“air suspension”只在第三个小标题下出现，其它三个小标下均没有出现空气悬挂。故选C。
3.A
【解析】细节理解题。 由问题中的“Tesla Roadster”将答案定位在第四个小标题下。由本段中的“Having advanced autonomous driving systems and …”可知，特斯拉 Roadste 拥有高端的自动驾驶系统。故选A。
6. 山西省2019届高三第一次模拟考试
British Museum
Located in Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, the British Museum houses a vast collection of world art and artifacts and is free to all visitors. The British Museum’s remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history and culture, and it has more than 7 million objects, so it would probably take a week to see everything.
Over 6 million visitors every year experience the collection, including world-famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone and Egypt





2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题06 七选五
一、2019年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36.E
根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37.A
根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38.G
根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C
前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。
40.D
根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G
上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B
下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38.A
上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39.E
上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
40.C
上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36.E
根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E符合语境。
37.G
根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。
38.A
根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39.C
根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项C符合语境。
40.F
通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。
4. 【2019·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。
46.B
上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人
个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
47.E
下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
48.G
上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
49.D
上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
50.F
下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
5. 【2019·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31. C
第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music有关，选项中只有C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。
32. B
空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文意，且关键词even是一个提示，故选B。
33.A
根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以A项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选A。
34. G
根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G中的关键词their first concert 前后呼应。故选G。
35. E
根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士），符合逻辑。故选E。
二、2019届模拟题
1.山东省淄博市2019届高三部分学校5月阶段性诊断（二模)考试
Living to the ripe old age of 90 may depend on your body size—both height and weight—as well as your level of physical activity，and geeing to influence a woman’s lifespan more than it does a man’s.
The study found women who lived to 90 were，on average，taller and had put on less weight since the age of 20 as compared to women who were shorter and heavier.1. However，men saw more benefit from physical activity than women.
In 1986 researchers asked over 7,000 Norwegian men and women between age 55 and 69 about their height，current weight，and weight at age 20.Both genders also told researchers about their current physical activities.2. The men and women were then sorted into daily activity quotas：less than 30 minutes，30 to 60 minutes，and 90 minutes or more.
Men and women in the study fared very differently when it came to the impact of body size and exercise.
Women who weighed less at age 20 and put on less weight as they aged were more likely to live longer than heavier women.3. The study found women who were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31％more likely to live into their 90s than women who were less than 5 feet 3 inches.
4. Men who spent 90 minutes a day or more being active were 39％more likely to live to 90 than men who were physically active for less than 30 minutes.
However，women who were physically active for more than 60 minutes a day were only 21％more likely to live to 90 than those who did 30 minutes or less.And unlike men，there was no bonus for increasing activity.5.
A. Height played a major factor.
B. No such association was seen for men.
C. The study was observational and couldn’t establish cause.
D. In fact，the study found that the optimal level of activity for women was 60 minutes a day.
E. Neither height nor weight seemed to factor into whether the men reached their 90s，but activity level did.
F. In addition，for each 30 minutes a day the men were active，they were 5％more likely to reach that age.
G. And they included dog walking，gardening，home improvements，walking or biking to work and sports.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。活到90岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平，并且鼓励会影响一个女人的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命更多。
1.B
上文提示“研究发现活到90岁的女性，平均而言，自从20岁就更高，更不易发胖，这是与更矮、更重的女性相比。”承接上文，B项No such association was seen for men.（没有见过有这样的男人协会。）切题。故选B。
2.G
上文提示“男女双方还告诉研究人员关于他们当前的体育活动。”承接上文，G项And they included dog walking，gardening，home improvements，walking or biking to work and sports.（他们包括遛狗、园艺、家庭环境的改善、走路或骑自行车去上班和运动。）切题。该项中的they指的就是上句中的activities。故选G。
3.A
下文提示“研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性与身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性相比，有31%更有可能活到90多。”承接下文，A项Height played a major factor.（高度扮演了一个主要因素。）故选A。
4.E
下文提示“一天花了90分钟或更多在运动上的男性与每天锻炼少于三十分钟的男性相比有39%更有可能活到90岁。”承接下文，E项Neither height nor weight seemed to factor into whether the men reached their 90s，but activity level did.（男性是否能活到90多岁，其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重，而是活动标准。）切题。故选E。
5.D
上文提示“与男性不同，没有奖金增加活动。”承接上文，D项In fact，the study found that the optimal level of activity for women was 60 minutes a day.（事实上，研究发现，女性的最优水平的活动是每天60分钟。）切题。故选D。
2.安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月考前适应性检测
Competition is all around us and it makes the strong stronger and the weak weaker. It can also teach us how to survive in a fast-paced and stressful world. 1 . How many of us have seen young boys weeping because their teams didn’t win inter-school tournament? How many of us have seen young teenagers cheat just to win? 2 So it’s important to develop healthy competition among children.
When it comes to encouraging healthy competition among children, the first thing to do is set goals for them to stick to. 3
Since children may be easily affected by wrong ideas from popular media and the Internet, it’s up to you to develop the right kind of spirit in them. Team spirit will help them grow into human beings who aren’t easily annoyed by small losses or too excited by victories. 4 So give them examples where family members refused to cheat to win.
5 . When they take an exam, don’t ask about how much they expect to score; instead, ask what they wrote about. If your son played a cricket match at school, don’t ask him whether his team won or lost; ask him how many runs he scored and encourage him to score higher next time instead. When you let your children know that you’re more interested in how they performed rather than whether they lost or won, they will surely try to better themselves.
A. However, you mustn’t push them too hard and burden them with too high a goal
B. We should also encourage healthy competition among children
C. These are the effects of unhealthy competition
D. In addition, they may also not want to adopt just any method to win, like cheating or lying
E. Care more about children’s performance rather than the results in a sports match
F. However, children can be hit by competition
G. Sending your children the right signals is also important
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何培养孩子之间的健康竞争。
1.F
根据下文提到的两个问题：我们中有多少人见过年轻的男孩因为他们的球队没有赢得校际比赛而哭泣？我们中有多少人见过青少年为了赢而作弊？这两个问题是两个例子，证明竞争会让人受到打击。故F选项切题。
2.C
前面提到的两个问题折射出不健康竞争产生的影响。故C选项切题。同时，该选项又引出下文：所以培养孩子之间的健康竞争是很重要的。
3.A
上一句提到：当它来鼓励孩子们的健康竞争时，要做的第一件事就是设定他们的目标。该空承接上文，对设定目标这件事作进一步的说明。故A选项切题：然而，你不能把他们逼得太紧，让目标成为他们的负担。
4.D
下文提到：所以给他们举个家人为了赢而拒绝作弊的例子。根据下文中的so可知，该空和下文之间是因果关系。那么，该空应该提到作弊这样的话题。选项中只有D选项与此有关：此外，他们也可能不想采取任何手段来取胜，比如欺骗或撒谎。该空同时承接上文：团队精神将帮助他们成长为一个人，他们不会轻易被小损失所困扰，也不会因胜利而过于兴奋。该选项也体现了团队精神的作用。综上，D选项切题。
5.G
该段提到：当他们参加考试时，不要问他们期望多少分数，而是问问他们写了些什么。如果你的儿子在学校打板球，不要问他的球队是赢还是输；问他进了多少分，鼓励他下一次得分更高。当你让你的孩子知道你对他们的表现更感兴趣，而不是他们是输了还是赢了，他们肯定会努力让自己更好。通过该段内容可知，作者建议家长给孩子传递正确的信息：你关心的是他们的表现，而不是成绩。故G选项正确。
3.湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟
If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. 1 So challenge the following limits:
1. Figure out what you’re scared of and do it continuously.
If you’re a salesman, and you’re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone now, instead of being scared and thinking you’ll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call. 2 But don’t stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eye and say, “Go on. I’m not scared!”
2. Take a class for a hobby you’ve been wanting to develop
Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. 3 Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.
3. Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.
4 A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself.
4. Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.
Don’t just limit yourself to your fellow travelers—try to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people they’re going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class. 5
A. You should do it continuously.
B. Someone may hang up on you.
C. You don’t need to go to the gym.
D. Running in the gym may be a better choice.
E. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.
F. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on.
G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何走出自己的舒适区、挑战自己的几点建议。
1.G
根据本空前的“We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all.”可知，毕竟，我们的生活中需要一些压力，故G项（如果你坚持呆在自己的舒适区，你永远看不到任何进步）符合语境。
2.B
根据本空后的“But don’t stop on the first try!”可知，但不要打一次就停下来，故B项（有人可能会挂断你的电话）符合语境。
3.F
根据本空前的“Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this.”可知，确保这个爱好与你的职业无关，做它的时候你必须感到放松和减轻压力，故F项（例如烹饪、缝纫、绘画等等）符合语境。
4.C
根据本空后的“A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself.”可知，在社区附近跑9分钟就可以为你自己创造奇迹，故C项（你不需要去健身房）符合语境。
5.E
根据本段小标题“Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.”可知，旅行并且敞开心胸去结识新朋友，此处讲的是关于旅行方面的内容，故E项（现在就开始旅行，学会挑战自己）符合语境。
4.湖南省五市十校教研教改共同体2018-2019学年联考
Helpful ways to deal with a know-it-all friend
Sometimes having a friend who thinks she knows everything and always offers her unsolicited(主动提供的) advice can really make one upset. But with some ways to deal with know-it-all, you can easily cope with that friend. Also a know-it-all friend often acts as if she were the best. 1
Try to understand. There may be a reason why your know-it-all friend does so. Maybe she has low self-esteem(自尊),or she s not happy in her life. 2 This tip is very important, especially if the know-it-all is your best friend
Give her a little attention, Giving a little attention is one of the best ways to deal with a know-it-all friend. Show some enthusiasm about what the know-it-all says to give her enough attention, 3 Or this can lead to her giving more unsolicited advice 4 Often the know-it-all friend can say some not-so-nice things, and these things are usually about you. Instead of thinking that something is not okay with you, never take her comments and advice personally. If you do so. you may really begin to become unnecessarily anxious.
Have a talk with her. If you re sick and tired of all those unsolicited advice, come right out with it. Speak politely and don’t insult(辱骂)her. Try to find a good time to talk to her. 5 Tell your know-it-all friend how it makes you feel and maybe she will respond well
A. Feel free to ignore her all the time.
B. Don't take her comments personally.
C. However, make sure you don’t overdo it
D. Try not to go to those places where you think shell be
D. Try not to go to those places where you think shell be
E. If you have such a friend, here are a few tips on coping with her
F. Try to understand her and understand why she acts the way that she does.
G. You need to know what you’re going to say and be sure to use only kind words
【语篇解读】本文为议论文。有时，有一个朋友认为她什么都知道，总是主动提出建议，这真的会让人心烦意乱。作者给出了一些对付无所不知的方法，你可以很容易地对付那个朋友。
1.E
根据上文“有时，有一个朋友认为她什么都知道，总是主动提出建议，这真的会让人心烦意乱。”及下文对“对付无所不知的朋友的有效方法”的论述可知，E项“如果你有这样的朋友，这里有一些对付她的方法。”符合此处语境。故E选项正确。
2.F
根据上文“试着去理解。也许你那位无所不知的朋友这样做是有原因的。也许她自尊心不强，或者她的生活不快乐。”可知，F项“试着去理解她，理解她为什么这样做。”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。
3.C
根据上文“对无所不知的人所说的话表现出一些热情，给予她足够的关注”及下文“否则会导致她主动提出更多的建议”可知，C项“但是，确保不要过度。”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。
4.B
根据下文“不要认为你有什么问题，永远不要把她的意见和建议放在心上。”可知，B项“不要把她的话当真”符合此处语境。故B选项正确。
5.G
根据上文“说话要有礼貌，不要侮辱她。找个好时间和她谈谈。”可知，G项“你需要知道你要说什么，并且确保只说善意的话”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。
【点睛】
七选五题型主要考查上下文的理解与推断，虽然文章整体难度一般低于阅读理解，但是却给很多同学造成了很大的心理障碍。首先要克服心理障碍，同时要注意方式方法。注意设空前后的句子，因为这些句子之间是顺承和联系的，所有一定要联系和理解上下文的语境。例如第2小题，根据上文“试着去理解。也许你那位无所不知的朋友这样做是有原因的。也许她自尊心不强，或者她的生活不快乐。”可知，F项“试着去理解她，理解她为什么这样做。”符合此处语境。其中文章中的Try to understand与F选项中的Try to understand相对应，另外文章中的why your know-it-all friend does so与F选项中的why she acts the way that she does.相对应。由此确定正确答案是F选项。

5.广东省汕头市2019届高三第二次模拟
Rising through stages to realize ourselves
Many modern people have the problem that they don’t know who they are and what their purpose is. 1 . Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity. They once studied hard. But after they stop working, they begin to lose their way.
In the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs（需求理论）, Abraham Maslo, put forward a similar situation, which consists of the five levels of a person’s need. The fifth and final level is self-realization, which is where our final achievement lies. 2
I think self- realization has three major aspects. The first stage is acceptance, the second stage is discovery and the last stage is perseverance.
Acceptance is the first stage. We should be reminded that we are all born unique, so we all have our own strengths and weaknesses. Only when we understand these, can we pursue them or
change them. 3
Once we’ve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be. 4 but indeed we should live for ourselves. So before we start working towards a purpose, we should ask ourselves “Is this what we truly desire?” and “Is this going to change the situation we’re in?”
The last stage is perseverance. 5 Those who can self-realize are people who focus on the things they want to change.
Through the three stages, we could gain recognition of ourselves. And by this point, whatever our lives were like, we would be able to stand tall, confident of ourselves.
A. It’s nothing to a man of perseverance
B. Only by acceptance of the past can we change it
C. This is especially common among college students
D. Many people tend to go along with social expectations
E. Being objective and yet tolerant is the key to acceptance
F. It is the process of knowing ourselves and finding a purpose
G. Exploring our potential isn’t going to be done in a short time
【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，介绍要实现自我的三个方面。
1.C
根据后一句Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity.可知，一旦高年级学生毕业，他们就似乎丧失了自我，C选项，这种情况在大学生中很常见，下文是对本句的具体阐述，切题，故选C。
2.F
根据前一句The fifth and final level is self-realization, which is where our final achievement lies.可知，根据马斯洛的理论，第五阶段也是最后阶段是自我实现，这就是我们最终成就的地方。F选项，这是一个了解我们自己，寻找目标的过程，是对上一句的具体阐述，切题，故选F。
3.E
根据前一句Only when we understand these, can we pursue them or change them.可知，只有当我们理解了这些，我们才能去追求他们或者改变他们。E选项，客观和包容是接受的关键，阐述接受的关键地方，切题，故选E。
4.D
根据前一句Once we’ve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be.以及后一句but indeed we should live for ourselves可知，只有接受了我们自己，才能发现自己感兴趣的东西，D选项，很多人跟着社会的要求行动，与后文，的确我们应该为自己生活，但是不一定都是自己真正想要的，连贯一致，切题，故选D。
5.G
根据后一句Those who can self-realize are people who focus on the things they want to change.可知，能够实现自我的人都是那些能够集中精力在自己想要改变的事情上，G选项，探索自己的潜能不是短时间就能完成的，故强调坚持的重要性，切题，故选G。
【点睛】
七选五题型看似简单，实际上有时完全作对并不容易，需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力。这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）首先快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置
（3）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。比如小题4，根据前一句Once we’ve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be.以及后一句but indeed we should live for ourselves可知，只有接受了我们自己，才能发现自己感兴趣的东西，D选项，很多人跟着社会的要求行动，与后文，的确我们应该为自己生活，但是不一定都是自己真正想要的，连贯一致，切题，故选D。
6.广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三适应性考试
You forgot to set your wake-up alarm. As you slowly come to realize that you’re going to be extremely late for school or work, you begin to get into a panic. 1 . So you leave home stressed, hungry and thirsty. If you often start your day in such a stressed state, then you’ll be sure to benefit from the suggestions below.
Wake up on time. Waking up on time (or even early) is necessary to start your day positively. 2 And you won’t need to rush around at the last minute.
Make your bed. Making your bed is probably the last thing you think about when you are prepared in the morning. This habit may be okay for students, but if you want to increase your motivation and productivity, you should definitely make your bed. 3 .
Take a 10-minute walk in the morning. If you have a dog, then this will be an easy task for you. However, even if you don’t own a dog, why not try walking for 10 minutes outside every morning? 4 .
5 Organized people tend to do this work. It helps them keep track of what needs doing at home, work and beyond. The morning time is perfect for checking your to-do list. You may also find that you can delete some items that you completed the previous day.
A. Check your to-do list.
B. There’s no time for any food or drink.
C. Write down things you’re grateful for.
D. Fresh air and exercise will make you feel more energetic.
E. It will give you space and time to complete your morning routine.
F. You’ll be rewarded by a tidy room, and a feeling of self-satisfaction.
G. Each morning is the start of a new day, so why not learn something new?
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。假如你忘了设置闹钟，意识到上课或上班要迟到，你会又饿又渴带着压力离开家。如果你经常以这种压力状态开始你的一天，那么你一定会从本文的建议中受益。
1.B
下文提示“所以你带着压力离开家，又饿又渴。”承接下文，B项There’s no time for any food or drink.（没有时间吃东西或喝饮料。）切题。故选B。
2.E
上文提示“准时起床(甚至早起)是积极开始一天的必要条件。”承接上文，E项It will give you space and time to complete your morning routine.（它会给你空间和时间来完成你早上的例行公事。）切题。该项中的it指上文中的Waking up on time，故选E。
3.F
上文提示“这个习惯对学生来说可能是可以的，但是如果你想提高你的动力和效率，你绝对应该整理你的床。”承接上文，F项You’ll be rewarded by a tidy room, and a feeling of self-satisfaction.（你会得到一个整洁的房间和一种自我满足的感觉。）切题。故选F。
4.D
上文提示“然而，即使你没有养狗，为什么不试着每天早上在户外散步10分钟呢?”承接上文，D项 Fresh air and exercise will make you feel more energetic.（新鲜空气和锻炼会让你感觉更有活力。）切题。故选D。
5.A
此空是段落首句，用段小精悍的祈使句，应该在A/C中选。再根据空格下文“有条理的人倾向于做这项工作。”可知，A项 Check your to-do list.（检查你的待办事项清单。）切题。故选A。
7.湖北省黄冈中学2019届高三第三次模拟考试
During his 2009 TED Global talk, sound consultant Julian Treasure said there are four major ways that sound affects human. What do fire alarms, car noises and alarm clocks all have in common? Their sound affects us physiologically ( 生 理 上 地 ). 1 . Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the body prepares to fight a possible threat or run for survival. But a physiological response to sound isn't always upsetting. The rhythmic(有节奏 的 ) frequency of ocean waves roughly matches the rhythm of a sleeping person’s breathing . 2 .
The second way sound affects us is psychological— it makes us feel. Have you ever heard a piece of music that makes you sad? Whether it’s a sad song that brings tears to your eyes or a funny song that makes you laugh, music can make us feel a range of emotions. 3 . When we hear the comforting singing of birds, we know things are good and safe.
4 . The brain tries to get meaning from the words and sentences we hear. When your mom, dad, and little brother are all talking at once at the dinner table, the competing voices make it hard to focus. Our brains have a very small bandwidth for processing auditory ( 听 觉 的 ) input, says Treasure. No wonder it's annoying when someone keeps talking during a movie!
Finally, sound may cause behavioral changes. 5 . People tend to walk away from loud or annoying sounds and toward pleasant sounds.
Next time a fire engine screams past, birds start singing or you hear a sorrowful pop song, stop, listen, and think about the many ways sound influences you.
A. Also, sound affects how we think.
B. Birdsong also affects us psychologically.
C. In other words, they make our bodies react.
D. Unpleasant sounds affect our physical health.
E. In fact, some music can put you in a good mood .
F. Drivers who listen to fat-paced music may speed up.
G. When we hear the ocean rise and fall, the sound relaxes our bodies.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了声音如何从生理上和心理上影响我们。
1.C
上文Their sound affects us physiologically ( 生 理 上 地 ). 说它们的声音影响我们的生理。下文 Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the body prepares to fight a possible threat or run for survival.说心跳加快，呼吸加快，因为身体准备对抗可能的威胁或为生存而奔跑。该空承上启下，C选项“换句话说，它们使我们的身体做出反应。”切题，故选C。
2.G
上文The rhythmic(有节奏 的 ) frequency of ocean waves roughly matches the rhythm of a sleeping person’s breathing .说海浪有节奏的频率大致与睡觉人的呼吸节奏相匹配。该空承接上文，G选项“当我们听到大海涨落的声音，我们的身体就会得到放松。”切题，故选G。
33.B 下文When we hear the comforting singing of birds, we know things are good and safe.说当我们听到鸟儿惬意的歌唱，我们知道事情是好的和安全的。该空引出下文，B选项“鸟儿的歌唱也影响我们的心理”切题，故选B。
4.A
这一段The brain tries to get meaning from the words and sentences we hear. When your mom, dad, and little brother are all talking at once at the dinner table, the competing voices make it hard to focus. Our brains have a very small bandwidth for processing auditory input, says Treasure. No wonder it's annoying when someone keeps talking during a movie!的意思是大脑试图从我们听到的单词和句子中获得意义。当你的妈妈、爸爸和弟弟在餐桌上同时说话时，相互竞争的声音让你很难集中注意力。Treasure说，我们的大脑处理听觉输入的带宽非常小。难怪有人在看电影时不停地说话很烦人!所以这一段的标题应该是“此外，声音影响我们的思维方式。”故选A。
5.F
上文Finally, sound may cause behavioral changes. 说最后，声音可能导致行为变化。下文 People tend to walk away from loud or annoying sounds and toward pleasant sounds.说人们倾向于远离嘈杂或恼人的声音，而转向悦耳的声音。该空承上启下，F选项“听高节奏音乐的司机可能会加快车速。”切题，故选F。
8.2019届山东师范大学附属中学高三最后打靶题
There have been a lot of comments recently surrounding 5G, the next generation of wireless technology. 1 .? How might it change our lives?
5G stands for fifth generation, meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system. Earlier “G” systems were designed to improve mobile communication operations. Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity (容量). 2 . It is expected to permit more users to do more things at a faster rate.
However, technology experts say there is a major way that 5G is different from the earlier systems. 3 . It will affect many more devices and industries than other “G” versions.
5G will help fuel future “smart cities” by connecting sensor networks. 5G is also expected to connect self-driving cars and support new technologies involving virtual reality (虚拟现实). Higher 5G speeds could also permit doctors to commonly perform remote medical operations. Factories and businesses could use 5G technology to increase automation and improve the collection of information.
4 . The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data. In addition, the wider use of a 5G wireless network means any breakdown of the system would have more widespread and severe results. Such difficulties could affect public safety. 5 , or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash.
A. Why is 5G so popular
B. What is this technology
C. Every coin has two sides
D. The new 5G system promises more of the same
E. It will move beyond mobile network technology
F. A breakdown of 5G networks may cause economic losses
G. A failure during a doctor's remote operation could lead to death
【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，介绍5G技术以及其优点，同时也存在安全风险。
1.B
分析文章结构可知，本文属于总分结构，文章主要就第一段的两个问题展开来写，根据第二段5G stands for fifth generation, meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system.可知，第一个问题是关于5G概念，故选B。
2.D
根据前一句Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity (容量).可知，每一项新的通信技术都会速度提升，容量扩大，讲述新技术的作用，D选项，而5G会带来更多的东西，本句中的of the same与前一句呼应，切题，故选D。
3.E
根据后一句It will affect many more devices and industries than other “G” versions.可知，与其他的四代通信产业相比，5G会影响更多的设备和产业，E选项，它的影响超过手机网络技术，后一句进一步说明该句，切题，故选E。
4C
根据后文The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data.可知，本段主要讲述5G技术可能存在的风险，故选C。
5.G
根据后一句or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash.可知，网络故障可能会导致自动驾驶汽车出车祸，讲述5G技术对公共安全可能造成的不利作用，G选项，远程手术的失败可能造成病人死亡，本句是对前一句的具体阐述，切题，故选G。
【点睛】
七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
比如小题1，分析文章结构可知，本文属于总分结构，文章主要就第一段的两个问题展开来写，根据第二段5G stands for fifth generation, meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system.可知，第一个问题是关于5G概念，故选B。












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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题07 完形填空
一、2019年高考真题
I.记叙文
1. 【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。
41.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，think about考虑。故选C。
42.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling发抖。故选B。
43.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。
44.D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑开”的意思。故选D。
45.C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46.C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。 根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back向后，回原处。故选C。
47.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，search寻找。故选D。
48.A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
49.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy开心。故选B。
50.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise登广告。故选B。
51.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，phone number电话号码。故选B。
52.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，call打电话。故选A。
53.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，find找到。故选C。
54.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。
55.D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain徒劳。故选D。
56.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，care关心。故选A。
57.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble麻烦。故选B。
58.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort努力。故选C。
59.D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to靠近。故选D。
60.D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do乐意做某事。故选D。
2. 【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
41.C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 put sth to use把某物投入使用。
49.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。
3. 【2019·北京卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___11___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started ___12___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___13___ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's ___15___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students ___16___ call him “Grandpa”.
Tina Stern ___17___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in ___19___ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually ___20___ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things."
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the ___22___ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes ___23___ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson is there to ___24___ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ___25___ to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely ___26___ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to ___27___ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has ___28___ them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ___29___. “I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's such a(n) ___30___ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."
11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing
12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering
13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered
14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. wandered
15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations
16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already
17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded
18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication
19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious
20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers
21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme
23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards
24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warm
25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates
26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate
27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange
28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced
29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment
30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
11.C
根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达 上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是Erin Smith。C选项(identify)切题：确认，认出，识别。
23.
找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A选项（delay）切题：耽搁，延迟。
24.
作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选D选项(spot)：发现，认出。
25.
根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C选项（calculate）正确：估算，估计，预料。
26.
根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项（risky）正确：冒险的。
27.
该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法：“如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我希望有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况，情形”，故选C选项（situation）：情况，情形。
28.
作者丢了钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危机，危难时刻”。故选A选项（crisis）：危机，危难时刻。
29.
Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在Erin的手里，Erin暂时“拥有，占有”作者的钱包。故D选项正确。take possession of意为“拥有，占有”。
30.
Erin把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故选A选项（if）：是否。
31.
根据后面的转折词but可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）转折关系，由此推知，该句指：除了闲聊，作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话，即：从未和她们“交换过词语”。B选项（exchange）正确：交换，互换。
32.
作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin，two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A选项（encounter）正确：偶遇，遇到，邂逅。
33.
回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。C选项（look back）正确：回顾，追忆。
34.
根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句指：Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故选D选项（beyond）：超过，超越。
35.
Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者对此非常感激。D选项（grateful）正确：感激的。
二、2019届模拟题
I.记叙文
1. 山东省淄博市2019届高三部分学校5月阶段性诊断（二模)考试
A Milwaukee bus driver went above the call of duty when she stopped to save an unlikely would-be passenger：a toddler.
Irene Ivic was driving on a freeway overpass when she 1 a barefoot toddler，Milwaukee County Transit System spokesman Matt Sliker said. The child，wearing a red onesie and a diaper，was quickly 2 to the crossroads.
“I'm just 3 I was in the right place at the right time，”Ivic said at the awards ceremony held in her 4 on Thursday.
Ivic stopped the bus and ran out to 5 the toddler，as seen in a video 6 by the transit system. She carried the child to the bus， 7 passengers gathered in disbelief.
“Oh my God. Oh my God. I am 8 ，”Ivic said in the video as she sat down in the driver’s seat with the toddler.
A 9 on the bus took off her winter coat and wrapped it 10 the little girl，who was 11 to the touch. The 12 were freezing that day，on December 22，according to the transit system.
Ivic sat talking to the child，stroking her hair. The little one soon fell asleep in her 13 ，as seen in the video.
The 19-month-old had been cold and scared but was 14 unharmed，police said.
The child went missing after officials believe her mother had a 15 health crisis，the transit system statement said. “Authorities eventually 16 the baby with its father,”Sliker said.
This is the ninth 17 a lost or missing child has been 18 by a Milwaukee County Transit System driver in recent years，according to the statement.
“I absolutely love kids. I used to be a 19 and I have children of my own，so I'm so happy I was able to help this sweet， 20 baby，”Ivic said.
1. A. crashed B. spotted C. escaped D. guided
2. A. running B. skipping C. rushing D. walking
3. A. grateful B. surprised C. anxious D. excited
4. A. memory B. honor C. favor D. mind
5. A. calm down B. 1ook into C. pick up D. hold back
6. A. purchased B. borrowed C. replayed D. rented
7. A. where B. when C. why D. how
8. A. scolding B. yelling C. 1aughing D. shaking
9. A. policeman B. passenger C. passer-by D. customer
10. A. beside B. against C. around D. on
11. A. cold B. hot C. smooth D. sick
12. A. feet B. streets C. buses D. temperatures
13. A. seat B. arms C. hands D. chest
14. A. therefore B. especially C. otherwise D. meanwhile
15. A. physical B. mental C. slight D. common
16. A. discovered B. informed C. recognized D. reunited
17. A. time B. chance C. case D. accident
18. A. reported B. solved C. found D. adopted
19. A. mother B. girl C. parent D. teacher
20. A. innocent B. pretty C. 1ucky D. brave
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。司机Irene Ivic在使命召唤下，她停下车救下了一个不太可能的潜在的乘客：一个蹒跚学步的孩子。官方最终让孩子与父亲团聚。她很高兴能够帮助这个可爱的、无辜的婴儿。
1.B 【解析】考查动词。A. crashed碰撞；B. spotted发现；C. escaped逃脱；D. guided指导。Irene Ivic在高速公路立交桥开车时，她发现了一个赤脚的孩子。故选B。
2.D 【解析】考查动词。A. running跑；B. skipping跳过；C. rushing猛冲；D. walking散步。孩子，身穿红色装和尿布，很快就走到十字路口。故选D。
3.A 【解析】考查形容词。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised感到吃惊的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. excited感到兴奋的。我只是感激我在正确的时间出现在正确的地。故选A。
4.B 【解析】考查名词。A. memory记忆；B. honor荣誉；C. favor帮助；D. mind思想。Ivic说,周四的时候为她举办颁奖仪式。故选B。
5.C 【解析】考查动词词组。A. calm down使冷静下来；B. 1ook into 调查；C. pick up拾起，接送，收到，偶然学到；D. hold back隐瞒，退缩。Ivic停了车，跑出去接孩子，显然视频被重播。故选C。
6.C 【解析】考查动词。 A. purchased购置；B. borrowed借入；C. replayed重放；D. rented租赁。Ivic停了车，跑出去接孩子，显然视频被重播。故选C。
7.A 【解析】考查定语从句。她带着孩子上了巴士，乘客们怀疑地聚集在那里。此处是where引导的定语从句。故选A。
8.D 【解析】考查动词。A. scolding 责备；B. yelling叫喊；C. 1aughing大笑；D. shaking摇动。“哦，我的上帝。哦，我的上帝。我在颤抖，"在视频里 Ivic带着蹒跚学步的小孩坐在司机的位置上说。故选D。
9.B 【解析】考查名词。A. policeman警察；B. passenger旅客；C. passer-by过路人；D. customer顾客。车上一名乘客脱下冬天的大衣，裹住小女孩，她摸起来很冷。故选B。
10.C 【解析】考查介词。车上一名乘客脱下冬天的大衣，裹住小女孩，她摸起来很冷。故选C。
11.A 【解析】考查形容词。A. cold冷的；B. hot热的；C. smooth顺利的，光滑的；D. sick厌恶的，病态的。车上一名乘客脱下冬天的大衣，裹住小女孩，她摸起来很冷。故选A。
12.D 【解析】考查名词。A. feet脚；B. streets街道；C. buses公共汽车；D. temperatures温度。根据运输系统，12月22日，天气寒冷。故选D。
13.B 【解析】考查名词。A. seat座位；B. arms胳膊；C. hands手；D. chest胸部。小家伙很快就在怀里睡着了，正如视频上所看到的。故选B。
14.C 【解析】考查副词。A. therefore因此；B. especially尤其是；C. otherwise在其他方面，否则；D. meanwhile与此同时。警方说，19个月大已经是寒冷和害怕,但在其他方面无恙。故选C。
15.B 【解析】考查形容词。A. physical身体的；B. mental精神上的；C. slight 轻微的；D. common共同的，常见的。在官方认为她的母亲有精神健康危机后，这个孩子失踪了。故选B。
16.D 【解析】考查动词。A. discovered发现；B. informed告知；C. recognized认识；D. reunited使重聚。当局最终让孩子与父亲团聚。故选D。
17.A 【解析】考查名词。A. time时间；B. chance 机会；C. case情况；D. accident事故。这是密尔沃基县公交系统司机近年来第九次发现失踪儿童。故选A。
18.C 【解析】考查动词。A. reported 报道；B. solved解决；C. found发现；D. adopted采用，接受。这是密尔沃基县公交系统司机近年来第九次发现失踪儿童。故选C。
19.D 【解析】考查名词。A. mother母亲；B. girl女孩；C. parent父或母；D. teacher老师。我非常喜欢孩子。我曾经是一个老师，我有我自己的孩子，所以我很高兴我能够帮助这个可爱的、无辜的婴儿。故选D，
20.A 【解析】考查形容词。A. innocent无辜的；B. pretty可爱的；C. 1ucky幸运的；D. brave勇敢的。我非常喜欢孩子。我曾经是一个老师，我有我自己的孩子，所以我很高兴我能够帮助这个可爱的、无辜的婴儿。故选A。
2. 安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月考前适应性检测
Any form of speech can be challenging, particularly if you are not used to talking in front of an audience. I am very 1 that I have been doing presentations and 2 training programs for many years, 3 I have got used to the nervousness that always appears inside before I speak. The nervousness is always a(n) 4 thing for me as it allows me to channel my energy into what I want to say.
Just recently I had the pleasure of 5 at a conference about the key success factors (因素) in business and as usual in the days before my presentation I spent a lot of time 6 what I wanted to cover, as well as 7 the content.
I have always 8 the level of success of my presentations by the applause (掌声) and 9 that I receive from the audience. After the applause ended I had the 10 to personally speak to nearly all of the delegates (代表). The last delegate I spoke with 11 me by taking my hand, shaking it and saying how much she 12 my presentation, and that she had got a lot of 13 tips to use in her business. Usually I feel 14 after any presentation, and I know it is directly related to how much energy I put into what I do. 15 , this time her praise gave me a great lift and recharged my batteries.
This 16 at the end of my presentation also made me realize that what we 17 in life can come back to us and 18 , we all need to value the praise when and where it is deserved. As I drove away from the 19 I reflected on how fortunate I had been to receive all those words of praise and 20 that morning.
1. A. curious B. fortunate C. doubtful D. amazed
2. A. copying B. conducting C. using D. designing
3. A. but B. though C. so D. because
4. A. impossible B. natural C. funny D. good
5. A. performing B. speaking C. educating D. learning
6. A. printing B. reducing C. researching D. telling
7. A. imagining B. protecting C. describing D. preparing
8. A. measured B. changed C. raised D. adjusted
9. A. gifts B. advice C. comments D. invitation
10. A. motivation B. responsibility C. plan D. chance
11. A. greeted B. blamed C. confused D. welcomed
12. A. explored B. enjoyed C. admired D. expected
13. A. interesting B. simple C. helpful D. free
14. A. excited B. relaxed C. embarrassed D. tired
15. A. However B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. Therefore
16. A. challenge B. discovery C. experience D. accident
17. A. figure out B. set up C. dream of D. give out
18. A. equally B. differently C. seriously D. practically
19. A. party B. conference C. school D. ceremony
20. A. achievement B. comfort C. trust D. encouragement
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者多年来一直从事演讲和培训方面的工作。一次演讲完毕后，一位与会代表的赞扬使得作者深受鼓舞，感悟颇多。
1.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。curious好奇的；fortunate幸运的；doubtful怀疑的；amazed惊奇的。上文提到做演讲是非常有挑战性的一件事。该句提到作者自己多年以来一直进行演讲方面的工作。因此可以推知，作者为自己多年来一直从事这种有挑战性的行为而感到“幸运”。B选项正确。
2.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。copy复制，抄写；conduct进行，实施；use使用；design设计。根据前文的“do presentations”可以推知，作者多年来一直进行培训项目。B选项正确。
3.C 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。but但是；though尽管；so因此；because因为。作者多年来一直进行演讲培训方面的工作，“所以”他已经习惯了在开口讲话之前内心出现的紧张感觉。故C选项正确。
4.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。impossible不可能的；natural自然的；funny有趣的，好笑的；good好的。根据后文的“as it allows me to channel my energy into what I want to say”可知，紧张让我把我的精力引导到我想说的话上。由此推知，紧张对作者来说是一件“好事”。故D选项正确。
5.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。perform表演，表现；speak演说，发言，说；educate教育；learn学习。根据下文中的“my presentation”可知，作者最近在一次会议上进行演讲，谈论关于商业成功的关键因素。B选项正确。
6.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。print印刷；reduce减少；research研究；tell告诉，讲述。作者在演讲之前要“研究”自己想要演讲的内容。C选项正确。
7.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。imagine想象；protect保护；describe描述；prepare准备。在演讲之前，作者要准备自己演讲的内容。D选项正确。
8.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。measure衡量，测量；change改变；raise提高，举起；adjust调整。作者一直根据观众的掌声来衡量自己演讲的成功程度。A选项正确。
9.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。gift礼物；advice建议；comment评论；invitation请柬。该空和前面的the applause并列，都指的是听众对作者演讲的反应。听众的反应包括掌声和评论。故C选项正确。
10.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。motivation动力，动机；responsibility责任；plan计划；chance机会。掌声过后，作者有“机会”和几乎所有的代表进行交谈。D选项正确。
11.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。greet欢迎，迎接，致敬，问候；blame责备；confuse使困惑；welcome欢迎。下文中的“taking my hand, shaking it and saying how much she ____ my presentation”都是最后一位代表向作者致敬的方式。故A选项正确。
12.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。explore探索；enjoy喜欢，享受；admire赞美，钦佩；expect期望，预料。根据下文中的“she had got a lot of ___ tips to use in her business”可知，最后一位代表从作者的演讲中受益颇多，因此她告诉作者非常“喜欢”作者的演讲。B选项正确。
13.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。interesting有趣的；simple简单的；helpful有帮助的，有用的；free自由的。结合上一句可知，她非常喜欢作者的演讲。由此推之，她从作者的演讲中获得了很多有用的建议。C选项正确。
14.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。excited兴奋的；relaxed放松的；embarrassed尴尬的；tired疲惫的。根据下文中“this time her praise gave me a great lift and recharged my batteries”可知，这一次演讲完毕之后，最后一位代表的表扬让作者精神振奋。由此推知，通常作者演讲完毕之后都会感到非常疲惫。因为演讲耗费了大量精力。D选项正确。
15.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。however但是；moreover此外，另外；otherwise否则；therefore因此。通常作者演讲完毕之后都会感到非常疲惫。这一次作者感到精神振奋。由此可知，前后文之间是转折关系。故A选项正确。
16.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。challenge挑战；discovery发现；experience经历，经验；accident意外事故。这次经历（上文提到的内容）使得作者意识到生活中，我们付出的（即分发出去的）东西会回归到我们身上。C选项正确。
17.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。figure out弄明白，弄清楚；set up建立；dream of梦想；give out分发。根据下文中的“come back to …”可知，该空和come back相对，故D选项正确：我们在生活中付出的一切都会回归到我们手里。
18.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。equally同样地，相等地；differently不同地；seriously严肃地，认真地；practically实际地，实践地。我们在生活中付出的一切都会回到我们手里。同样地，我们需要在应当得到赞扬的时候和地方珍惜应得的赞扬。A选项正确。
19.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。party聚会；conference会议；school学校；ceremony典礼。根据第二段中的“at a conference”可知，作者在一次会议上作演讲。故B选项正确。
20.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。achievement成就；comfort舒服；trust信任；encouragement鼓励。根据倒数第二段中的“this time her praise gave me a great lift and recharged my batteries”可知，最后一位代表给了作者极大的表扬，她的表扬使作者精神振奋，大受鼓励。故D选项正确。


3. 北京市朝阳区2019届高三第一次（3月)综合练习
A Game of Light and Shade
It was a sunny day. I had gone up and down the tower when, outside the door at the foot, a blind man came toward me. In a moment, he disappeared up the stairs. I looked at the sign that said “To the Tower”, and decided to 1 him.
I caught up with him in the ticket office. There I was 2 to see the attendant (工作人员) selling him a ticket as if he were any other visitor. Then, with the ticket in one hand and 3 the wall with the fingers of the other, the blind man reached the stairs 4 to the hallway.
“That man is blind. What would a blind man climb up the tower for?” I said to the attendant, expecting him to show some 5 , but he didn’t answer.
“Not the 6 certainly,” I said. “Perhaps he wants to 7 .”
I bought a ticket and 8 up the stairs. The man hadn’t gone as far as I 9 . A third of the way up the tower, I heard his 10 . I slowed down and followed him at a little 11 . He stopped from time to time. When he got to the balcony (阳台), I was a dozen steps 12 . As I reached it, I saw him at the corner of the tower.
At last, after ten minutes, I 13 him. “Excuse me,” I said as politely as I could, “but I am curious to know 14 you came up.”
He smiled. “Coming up the stairs, you will notice how not just light but sun 15 into the tower through the narrow windows here and there, so that you can feel the 16 —the cool stairs suddenly become quite warm—and how up here behind the wall there is 17 , but as soon as going opposite a window you can find the sun. There is no 18 so good as this for feeling the difference between light and shade. It is not the first time I’ve come up.”
The blind man seemed quite 19 , just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games. He told me the truth that blind men can also find the beauty in life 20 they cannot enjoy the sights of the world.
1. A. accept B. follow C. control D. visit
2. A. frightened B. disappointed C. surprised D. embarrassed
3. A. touching B. climbing C. hitting D. covering
4. A. pointing B. attaching C. contributing D. leading
5. A. respect B. doubt C. concern D. sympathy
6. A. view B. test C. prize D. trick
7. A. kick B. jump C. relax D. escape
8. A. struggled B. explored C. wandered D. hurried
9. A. promised B. examined C. imagined D. confirmed
10. A. steps B. words C. secrets D. cheers
11. A. standard B. distance C. expense D. intention
12. A. ahead B. around C. outside D. behind
13. A. recognized B. surrounded C. approached D. witnessed
14. A. why B. how C. when D. whether
15. A. knocks B. pours C. slides D. bursts
16. A. trend B. reaction C. change D. honor
17. A. light B. space C. mess D. shade
18. A. place B. signal C. object D. period
19. A. nervous B. content C. curious D. patient
20. A. unless B. because C. once D. although
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者跟随着一位盲人登塔，盲人告诉他尽管盲人们无法享受世界上的风景，但他们也能找到生活里的美。
1.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. accept接受；B. follow跟随；C. control控制；D. visit参观；句意：我看着“登塔”的指示牌，决定跟随他上去看具体情况。因为对于他登塔要做的事情，我很好奇。故B项正确。
2.C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. frightened害怕的；B. disappointed失望的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的；当我看见工作人员把他当做正常人一样，也卖票给他，我感觉很惊讶。故C项正确。
3.A 【解析】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. touching触摸；B. climbing攀登；C. hitting击中；D. covering覆盖；由第二句a blind man came toward me可知对方是一个盲人，所以他只能摸着墙向上攀登。故A项正确。
4.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。动词短语point to指向；attach …to…把……附在……之上；contribute to对……做贡献；lead to导致，通向；句中现在分词短语leading to the hallway做定语修饰名词the stairs，指通向走廊的楼梯。其余三项语义不搭配。故D项正确。
5.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. respect尊敬；B. doubt怀疑；C. concern担心；关心；D. sympathy同情；我告诉工作人员他是一个盲人，希望工作人员能够多关注他，因为他无法欣赏风景，他很可能是要登塔以后跳下去。故C项正确。
6.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. view风景；观点；B. test测试；C. prize奖品，奖励；D. trick诡计；把戏；我认为这个盲人不会到塔顶去看风景，他是想去跳楼；所以我才让工作人员关注他。故A项正确。
7.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. kick 踢；B. jump跳跃；C. relax放松；D. escape逃跑；我认为这个盲人不会到塔顶去看风景，他是想去跳楼；故B项正确。
8.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. struggled挣扎，斗争；B. explored探索；C. wandered徘徊，闲逛；D. hurried匆忙；由上文可知我非常担心这个盲人，买了票以后匆忙爬上楼梯跟着他查看他究竟想做什么。故D项正确。
9.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. promised 承诺；B. examined检查；C. imagined想象；D. confirmed确认；这个盲人爬得并没有我想象得那么远，在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。故C项正确。
10.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. steps脚步；B. words话；C. secrets秘密；D. cheers欢呼；这个盲人爬得并没有我想象得那么远，在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。于是我放慢脚步，在后面稍远处跟着他。故A项正确。
11.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. standard标准；B. distance距离；C. expense费用；D. intention目的，意图；在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。于是我放慢脚步，在后面稍远处跟着他。名词distance表示距离，故B项正确。
12.D 【解析】考查副词辨析。A. ahead在前面；B. around在附近；C. outside在外面；D. behind在后面；当他到阳台的时候，我在后面几十步的地方看着他。本句指我站在他的后面，观察他的行为。故D项正确。
13.C 【解析】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. recognized认出，意识到；B. surrounded包围；C. approached靠近；D. witnessed目睹，见证；根据下文“Excuse me”可知我靠近和他打招呼。故C项正确。
14.A 【解析】考查连接词辨析。作者一路跟着这位盲人登塔，主要是因为他不知道对方来这里的原因。所以句中使用why引导宾语从句。故A项正确。
15.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. knocks敲击；击中；B. pours倾倒；C. slides滑倒；D. bursts爆发；爬上楼梯，你注意到的不仅是光线，而且阳光会透过窗户照射到各处，这样就可以感受到这种变化，楼梯从凉爽突然变得很温暖。动词pour表示阳光透过窗户洒在楼梯上。故B项正确。
16.C 【解析】考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. trend趋势，倾向；B. reaction反应；C. change改变；D. honor荣耀；从后句“the cool stairs suddenly become quite warm楼梯突然从凉爽变得温暖”，可知指这种变化。故C项正确。
17.D【解析】考查生活常识及名词辨析。A. light光线；B. space空间；C. mess杂乱；D. shade阴影；根据生活常识可知在“behind the wall墙体的后面”通常都有阴影。故D项正确。
18.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. place地方；B. signal信号；C. object物体；D. period阶段；时期；句意：没有什么地方和这里一样可以很好的感觉光线和阴影之间的差别。我不是第一次来这里了。这位盲人告诉作者在这里他可以很好地感受光线和阴影的差别，所以他才会来这个地方。故A项正确。
19.B 【解析】考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. nervous紧张的；B. content满足的；满意的；C. curious好奇的；D. patient耐心的；根据后半句“just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games就像是欣赏自己最喜欢的孩子一样”，说明这个盲人非常满意这个世界给予他的这一切。故B项正确。
20.D 【解析】考查连词辨析。A. unless除非；B. because因为；C. once一旦；D. although尽管；他告诉我尽管盲人们无法享受世界上的风景，但他们也能找到生活里的美。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，要用although引导让步状语从句。故D项正确。
【点睛】
本文小题20【解析】考查了上下文状语从句连词，根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，要用although引导让步状语从句。在完成完形填空时，我们要探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇 ；连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，【解析】考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。
例1： She had excellent grades, __24__she always thought that something was missing.
（天津卷）
24. A. or B. so C. for D. but
析： 根据空前的excellent grades和空后的always和something was missing，可推知“她”成绩虽突出，可对生活仍不满足，故选择转折连词but，答案为D。
例2： “Would you mind telling me when you are thinking of leaving?__40__are you going to sit in your car all day?” （全国卷II）
40. A. For B. Or C. But D. So
析： 根据空前的leaving和空后的sit in your car all day，说明对方在询问并让“我”做出选择，从而推知答案为表示选择关系的连词or。


4. 河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟（二)最后一卷
King Evan was so conscious about keeping his people happy and considered them as his own family. He took great care to 1 his people’s needs and they lived happily.
However, King Evan used to hear his court（宫廷）men say that people in his kingdom always 2 him for various reasons. One day, he secretly took a trip around his land to find out what made his countrymen feel 3 . However, he could not see any unhappy people and this gave him great 4 .
He decided to 5 a huge boulder（巨石）in the middle of the road to test the people who passed by. 6 his soldiers had placed a huge boulder in the road, they all hid in a nearby place to 7 what would happen next.
The boulder almost covered half of the road and many wealthy people simply walked around the boulder.
Nobody really seemed to care about the boulder 8 the movements of vehicles.
The king’s court men also saw the boulder but did 9 to move it away. Instead, they bad-mouthed the 10 for not maintaining the road properly. These were the people whom the king 11 to be loyal! The king was shocked to 12 their words.
A fruit seller walked along the road with his fruit. When he saw the huge boulder, he 13 and tried to move the stone. After some 14 , the fruit seller removed the obstacle（障碍物）from the road 15 .
He saw a huge bag placed under the boulder. He picked up and was extremely 16 . The bag had a note on it, saying, “Here is a 17 for you! The bag has 1000 gold coins inside and they are for the one who 18 this obstacle!”
The fruit seller was so happy and he was also 19 by the king to a party where he was rewarded nicely. Every obstacle we face in our life is a(n) 20 !
1. A. satisfy B. express C. record D. understand
2. A. remembered B. thanked C. blamed D. forgave
3. A. excited B. respected C. bored D. displeased
4. A. advice B. relief C. power D. pressure
5. A. fix B. hang C. hide D. place
6. A. Before B. Since C. After D. Unless
7. A. consider B. guess C. watch D. ask
8. A. disturbing B. controlling C. directing D. changing
9. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
10. A. king B. soldiers C. official D. passers-by
11. A. knew B. proved C. announced D. believed
12. A. repeat B. hear C. write D. read
13. A. left B. smiled C. stopped D. returned
14. A. attempts B. tests C. research D. discussion
15. A. easily B. naturally C. hopefully D. successfully
16. A. nervous B. surprised C. angry D. frightened
17. A. task B. gift C. list D. joke
18. A. notices B. breaks C. removes D. covers
19. A. challenged B. forced C. sent D. invited
20. A. opportunity B. concern C. message D. possibility
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个卖水果的人因移走国王故意放在路上的巨石而得到了奖励，这个故事告诉我们生活中的每一个障碍都是一个机会。
1.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. satisfy满足；B. express表达；C. record记录；D. understand理解。根据本空前的“King Evan was so conscious about keeping his people happy and considered them as his own family.”可知，Evan国王想让他的子民幸福地生活，他把他们当成自己的家人，所以他努力满足子民的需要，故A项正确。
2.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. thanked感谢； C. blamed责怪；D. forgave原谅。根据本空前的“However, King Evan used to hear his court（宫廷）men say that people in his kingdom always ”可知，然而，他经常听到臣子们说他的子民总是以这种各样的原因责怪他，故C项正确。
3.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. excited兴奋的；B. respected受尊敬的；C. bored 无聊的；D. displeased不高兴的。臣子们说他的子民这种各样的原因责怪他，所以一天国王决定微服出宫，看看是什么让他的子民不高兴，本空后的“unhappy”亦是提示，故D项正确。
4.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. advice建议；B. relief安慰、欣慰；C. power力量；D. pressure压力。根据本空前的“. However, he could not see any unhappy people and this gave him great”可知，然而，他没看到任何不高兴的人，这让他大感欣慰，故B项正确。
5.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fix固定；B. hang挂； C. hide隐藏；D. place放。根据本空后的“a huge boulder（巨石）in the middle of the road to test the people who passed by.”可知，他决定在路中间放一块巨石来来考验路过的人，故D项正确。
6.C 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。A. Before在……之前；B. Since自从；C. After在……之后；D. Unless除非。根据本空后的“his soldiers had placed a huge boulder in the road, they all hid in a nearby place to ___7___ what would happen next.”可知，在他的士兵们把巨石放在路中间之后，他们都躲在附近的一个地方看接下来会发生什么，故C项正确。
7.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. consider考虑；B. guess猜想；C. watch看；D. ask问。根据语境可知，他们都躲在附近的一个地方看接下来会发生什么，故C项正确。
8.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. disturbing干扰、妨碍；B. controlling控制；C. directing指导；D. changing改变。根据本空后的“the movements of vehicles”可知，没有人在意妨碍车辆流通的巨石，故A项正确。
9.B 【解析】考查代词词义辨析。A. something某物； B. nothing什么都没有；C. everything一切；D. anything任何事。根据本空前的“The king’s court men also saw the boulder but did”可知，国王的臣子们也都看见了巨石却没有把它移走，故B项正确。
10.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. king国王；B. soldiers士兵；C. official官员； D. passers-by路人。根据本空后的“for not maintaining the road properly.”可知，他们反而责怪国王没有妥善维护道路，故A项正确。
11.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. knew了解；B. proved证明；C. announced宣布；D. believed相信、认为。根据本空后的“to be loyal!”可知，这些人就是国王认为是忠诚的人，故D项正确。
12.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. repeat重复；B. hear听；C. write写；D. read读。上文说臣子们责怪国王没有妥善维护道路，听到这样的话国王感到很震惊，故B项正确。
13.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. left离开；B. smiled微笑；C. stopped停下；D. returned返回。根据本空后的“and tried to move the stone.”可知，一个卖水果的人停下来，试着把巨石移到一边，故C项正确。
14.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. attempts尝试；B. tests测试；C. research调查；D. discussion讨论。根据本空后的“the fruit seller removed the obstacle（障碍物）from the road ___15___.”可知，经过几次尝试后，卖水果的人终于成功地把巨石移到了路边，故A项正确。
15.D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. easily容易地；B. naturally自然地；C. hopefully有望地；D. successfully成功地。根据语境可知，经过几次尝试后，卖水果的人终于成功地把巨石移到了路边，故D项正确。
16.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nervous紧张的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. angry生气的；D. frightened害怕的。根据本空后的“The bag had a note on it, saying, “Here is a ___17___ for you!”可知，巨石下有一个大袋子，袋子上的纸条写着“这是给你的礼物”，这使那个卖水果的人感到很惊讶，故B项正确。
17. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. task任务；B. gift礼物；C. list清单；D. joke玩笑。根据语境可知，这袋金币是国王送给移走巨石的人的礼物，故B项正确。
18.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. notices注意；B. breaks弄坏；C. removes移除；D. covers覆盖。根据语境可知，这袋金币是送给移走巨石的人的，故C项正确。
19.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. challenged挑战； B. forced强迫；C. sent发送；D. invited邀请。根据本空后的“by the king to a party where he was rewarded nicely.”可知，国王还邀请他参加宴会，故D项正确。
20.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. opportunity机会；B. concern关心；C. message启示；D. possibility可能性。根据上文可知，那个卖水果的人因移走国王故意放在路上的巨石而得到了奖励，由此可知，这个故事告诉我们生活中的每一个障碍都是一个机会，故A项正确。

II.夹叙夹议文
1.天津市滨海七所重点学校2019届高三毕业班联考
How did you do it, Dad? How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years? It took me almost 20 years to have the 1 to even ask my father this very personal question. When Dad first 2 drinking, the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a 3 that, in the past, would have started him 4 again. For a few years we were 5 to bring it up for fear that the drinking would begin again.
“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day,” was Dad’s 6 to my 18-year-old unasked question. “The words were a constant 7 to me that things were 8 so hard that I could not deal with them,” Dad said. Then he 9 the poem with me. The poem’s 10 , yet profound words immediately became 11 of my daily routine as well.
About a month after this 12 with my father, I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine. It was a book of daily sayings of wisdom with one 13 for each day of the year.
It has been my 14 that when you get something with days of the year on it, you naturally turn to the page that lists your own 15 .
I 16 opened the book to November 10 to see 17 words of wisdom this book had in store for me. I was 18 when I looked at the page, and then tears of disbelief and appreciation 19 down my face. There, on my birthday, was the exact same poem that had 20 my father for all these years! It is called the Serenity (平静) Prayer.
God grant me
the serenity to accept the things I cannot change;
the courage to change the things I can;
and the wisdom to know the difference.
1. A. chance B. courage C. ability D. right
2. A. gave up B. took up C. went on D. carried on
3. A. way B. habit C. situation D. house
4. A. reciting B. asking C. smoking D. drinking
5. A. sure B. uncertain C. afraid D. eager
6. A. reply B. words C. excuse D. explanation
7. A. fear B. imagination C. thought D. reminder
8. A. never B. seldom C. always D. ever
9. A. discussed B. shared C. offered D. talked
10. A. wonderful B. long C. simple D. boring
11. A. all B. that C. any D. part
12. A. talk B. quarrel C. trip D. lesson
13. A. listed B. included C. read D. said
14. A. method B. experience C. wealth D. message
15. A. character B. birthday C. qualities D. favorites
16. A. doubtfully B. carefully C. happily D. hurriedly
17. A. where B. whether C. what D. how
18. A. excited B. astonished C. disappointed D. frightened
19. A. hung B. pulled C. rolled D. pushed
20. A. troubled B. disturbed C. pleased D. helped
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，通过叙述父亲戒烟和父亲给我的生日礼物，说明一个道理：有冷静接受不能改变的，有勇气改变能够改变的，有智慧去区别两类事。
1.B 【解析】考查名词。A. chance机会；B. courage勇气；C. ability能力；D. right正确；权利。二十年来“我”第一次鼓起勇气（courage）问父亲这个极其私人的问题。故正确答案为B。
2.A 【解析】考查动词短语。A. gave up放弃；B. took up拿起；吸纳；C. went on继续；D. carried on继续；参与。由上下文可知，父亲不沾酒快二十年了。起初他戒酒（give up drinking）时，全家都坐立不安，怕他戒酒失败。故选A。
3.C 【解析】考查名词。A. way方式；B. habit习惯；C. situation情况；D. house房屋。由句意可知，起初父亲戒酒时，每次遇到需要喝酒的情况（situation），家人都坐立不安，因为这有可能让他重新酗酒。故选C。
4.D 【解析】考查动词。A. reciting背诵；B. asking询问；C. smoking吸烟；D. drinking喝酒。由下文可知，家人害怕父亲戒酒失败，再次酗酒（drink）。故选D。
5.C 【解析】考查形容词。A. sure确信的；B. uncertain含糊的；C. afraid害怕的；D. eager渴望的。从父亲戒酒时起，好几年的时间里，家人都不敢提起他戒酒的事，生怕（afraid）他前功尽弃。故选C。
6.A 【解析】考查名词。A. reply回答；B. words话语；C. excuse借口；D. explanation解释。父亲对“我”十八年来的疑问作出回答（reply）说：“我每天都背诵同一首小诗四五遍。”故选A。
7.D 【解析】考查名词。A. fear害怕；B. imagination想象力；C. thought思想；D. reminder提醒。由句意可知，父亲每天背诵的那首小诗，是给他自己的一个提醒，故选D。
8.A 【解析】考查副词。A. never从不；B. seldom几乎不；C. always总是；D. ever曾经。由文章可知，父亲戒酒成功了，这归功于那首小诗提醒他世上无难事（things were never so hard），只怕有心人。故选A。
9.B 【解析】考查动词。A. discussed讨论；B. shared分享；C. offered提供；D. talked交谈。父亲说完就和“我”分享（share with me）了那首小诗。故选B。
10.C 【解析】考查形容词。A. wonderful极好的；B. long长的；C. simple简单的；D. boring无聊的。由文章最后一段可知，这首小诗是简洁的（simple），故选C。
11.D 【解析】考查名词。A. all全部；B. that那个；C. any任何；D. part部分。这首小诗简洁而又深刻的诗句，成了我日常生活的一部分（part）。故选D。
12.A 【解析】考查名词。A. talk谈话；B. quarrel争吵；C. trip旅行；D. lesson课程。由上文可知，父亲和“我”进行了一次谈话（talk），谈到了他戒酒成功是因为都那小诗。故选A。
13.A 【解析】考查动词。A. listed列出；B. included包含；C. read阅读；D. said说。这是一本格言书。一年365天每个日子都与一句格言相对应，罗列（list）在书中。故选A。
14.B 【解析】考查名词。A. method方法；B. experience经历；C. wealth财富；D. message消息。由句意可知，有些书按照一年365天的日期顺序安排书中的内容，每当拿到这类书时，“我”都根据经验（experience）翻到自己生日那天。故选B。
15.B 【解析】考查名词。A. character性格；B. birthday生日；C. qualities品质；D. favorites偏爱。由下文可知，“我”把书翻到了十一月十号，看书中为“我”列出的格言。所以“我”翻到的是写有自己生日的那一页。故正确答案为B。
16.D 【解析】考查副词。A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. carefully仔细地；C. happily快乐地；D. hurriedly匆忙地。由句意可知，由上文可知，作者拿到这类书时，会自然地翻到印着自己生日的那一页，所以作者急忙打开书，查看自己生日那天的格言。故选D。
17.C 【解析】考查连接词。A. where在哪里；B. whether是否；C. what什么；D. ho如何；由句意可知，作者打开十一月十号那一页，看看这本书为自己准备的格言是什么（what）。故选C。
18.B 【解析】考查形容词。A. excited激动的；B. astonished吃惊的；C. disappointed失望的；D. frightened害怕的。由下文可知，“我”打开那一页，看到给“我”的格言正是父亲跟我讲的那首，这个巧合让“我”很惊讶（astonished）。故选B。
19.C 【解析】考查动词。A. hung悬挂；B. pulled拉；C. rolled滚落；D. pushed推。由句意可知，“我”不敢相信自己的眼睛，感激之情让“我”的泪水滚落（roll）下来。故选C。
20.D 【解析】考查动词。A. troubled麻烦；B. disturbed干扰；C. pleased满意；D. helped帮助。由上文可知，这首诗帮助（help）父亲戒酒成功。故选D。
2.2019届安徽省示范性高中皖北协作区高三联考
When my dad finally finished the triathlon（铁人三项）in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off and it 1 my curiosity. I wondered whether a small boy of my size could 2 something like that. I found myself 3 this out loud and my father overheard me. He 4 me and said I could train with him.
Training with my dad turned out to be very 5 .We would get up early for a morning jog, or go for a swim in the pool after school. After a few weeks of 6 , I signed up for my first triathlon. Before the competition, I nervously waited for the 7 .When someone fired the gun, I was 8 , swimming towards the distant buoy（浮标）that marked my tum. I 9 the half-mile swim and ran towards my bike. I was dripping wet, trying to 30 it. Once on my bike, I experienced an excitement specific to 11 . I went through the transition zone（转换区）again and 12 my running shoes. At the start of the run part of the triathlon, my 33 already felt like they were made of cement（水泥）.
For me, the real competition began during the run, 14 now I could see each competitor as a target. No matter my 15 in the field, each racer was either following me or being followed. The run part of the race boiled down to 16 tolerance. "Shut up, legs", one of my favorite quotes, kept me from 17 the burning feeling. Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a(n) 18 with the other finishers. The sense of accomplishment was there for all of us.
Looking back, I 19 the small boy on that day in Montauk who thought he couldn't 20 it. Now, that same boy is not only a huge fan, but also a training partner.
1. A. showed B. excited C. tested D. controlled
2. A. preview B. deserve C. achieve D. benefit
3. A. saying B. taking C. trying D. giving
4. A. satisfied B. encouraged C. puzzled D. embarrassed
5. A. disappointing B. frightening C. relaxing D. challenging
6. A. performing B. fighting C. meeting D. Training
7. A. result B. seat C. gun D. audience
8. A. up B. round C. off D. along
9. A. finished B. considered C. assessed D. arranged
10. A. point at B. get on C. get back D. find out
11. A. running B. traveling C. cycling D. swimming
12. A. took off B. switched to C. cleaned D. repaired
13. A. arms B. hands C. shoulders D. legs
14. A. because B. although C. until D. unless
15. A. status B. position C. task D. function
16. A. risk B. drug C. stress D. pain
17. A. showing off B. bringing in C. thinking about D. carrying out
18. A. experiment B. celebration C. argument D. cooperation
19. A. remember B. believe C. discover D. respect
20. A. use B. move C. do D. prove
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者以自己参加铁人三项赛的经历说明：在比赛中，当你觉得自己筋疲力尽时，不要放弃，坚持下去，直到抵达终点。不管成绩或名次如何，你都会有一份属于自己的成就感。
1.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，当爸爸完成了在蒙托克的铁人三项赛时，观众欢呼雀跃的情景，让作者切实感受到爸爸付出的努力得到了回报，这也“激发了(excited)”作者的好奇心。A. showed表现；B. excited激发；C. tested测试；D. controlled控制，故选B。
2.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的something like that可知，that指代上文爸爸的成就，所以作者想知道像他这样个头的小男孩是否能“取得(achieve)”爸爸那样的成绩。A. preview预习； B. deserve应得；C. achieve成绩；D. benefit好处，故选C。
3.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的my father overheard me可知，作者把自己的想法“说了(saying) ”出来。A. saying说；B. taking谈话；C. trying尝试；D. giving给，故选A。
4.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的I could train with him可知，爸爸“鼓励(encouraged)”作者去自我体验并和他一起训练。A. satisfied使满意； B. encouraged鼓励；C. puzzled迷惑 D. embarrassed使尴尬，故选 B 。
5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义。根据下一句 We would get up early for a morning jog, or go for a swim in the pool after school.可知，结果证明，作者跟爸爸的训练“极富挑战性(challenging)”。 A. disappointing失望的；B. frightening令人恐惧的；C. relaxing令人放松的；D. challenging有挑战性的 ，故选 D。
6.D 【解析】考查动名词词义辨析。根据该空前的Training with my dad的提示可知，该空填training符合语境。A. performing表演；B. fighting战斗；C. meeting会议；D. training训练，故选D。
27.C 【解析】考查名词词义。根据该空后的When someone fired the gun可知，比赛开始时，作者紧张地等待着“发令枪(gun)”响。A. result结果；B. seat座位；C. gun枪；D. audience观众，故选C。
8.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据该空前后的 When someone fired the gun 以及 swimming towards the distant buoy 可知，发令枪一响，作者就“出发了(off)”。 A. up向上；B. round在周围 ；C. off出发；D. along沿着，故选C。
9.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空前的swimming towards the distant buoy以及该空后的ran towards my bike可知，作者参加铁人三项赛，先参加游泳项目，“完成了(finished)”游泳项目，然后骑自行车。A. finished完成；B. considered考虑 ；C. assessed估价；D. arranged安排，故选A。
10.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空前的ran towards my bike和该空后的Once on my bike可知，作者浑身湿淋淋的，努力“骑上(get on)”自行车。A. point at指着 ；B. get on上（车）； C. get back回来；D. find out发现，故选B。
11.C 【解析】考查动名词词义辨析。根据该空前的Once on my bike可知，作者骑上自行车后，就感到了“骑自行车(cycling)”所特有的一种兴奋。A. running跑；B. traveling旅行； C. cycling骑车； D. swimming游泳，故选C。
12.B 【解析】考查动词和动词短语辨析。根据该空后的the run part可知，作者“换上(switched to)”跑鞋，要参加跑步比赛。A. took off起飞；B. switched to换上；C. cleaned清洁；D. repaired修理，故选B。
13.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据该空前的the run part可知，作者最后进行的是跑步比赛，那么在此时作者感到的应该是他的“双腿(legs)”就像水泥做得一般难以迈动。A. arms胳膊；B. hands 手；C. shoulders肩膀；D. legs腿，故选D。
14.A 【解析】考查连词及上下文逻辑。根据该空前的the real competition began during the run和该空后的target可知，“对于我来说，真正的比赛是从跑步阶段开始的”与“现在我将每一名选手视为要超越的目标”，这两个分句之间构成因果关系，故填because，故选A。
15.B 【解析】考查名词词义。根据该空后的each racer was either following me or being followed可知，在赛场上，不论作者身处哪个“位置(position)”，每个参赛者不是跟随作者就是被作者所跟随。A. status地位； B. position位置；C. task任务；D. function功能，故选B。
16.D 【解析】考查名词词义。根据语境，特别是下一空后的the burning feeling可知，铁人三项赛的跑步赛段归根到底就是忍耐“痛苦(pain)”。 A. risk冒险； B. drug 药物；C. stress压力；D. pain痛苦，故选D。
17.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。作者在跑步阶段，靠自己钟爱的名言“闭嘴，迈腿”，让自己不去“想(thinking about)”身上那种火烧火燎的疼痛感。A. showing off炫耀；B. bringing in带来； C. thinking about考虑 ；D. carrying out实施，故选C。
18.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据该空后的The sense of accomplishment可知，完成铁人三项赛后，作者与其他到达终点的选手们一起“庆祝(celebration)”，一起分享完成比赛的成就感。A. experiment试验；B. celebration庆祝 ； C. argument争论；D. cooperation合作，故选B。
19.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。回望过去，作者“想起(remember)”当日在蒙托克的情景，那个小男孩觉得自己无法“做到(do)”像爸爸一样完成铁人三项赛。如今，还是这个男孩，他不但是铁人三项赛的铁杆粉丝，还是一位陪练。A. remember想起； B. believe相信；C. discover发现；D. respect尊敬，故选A。
20.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。那个小男孩觉得自己无法“做到(do)”像爸爸一样完成铁人三项赛。 A. use用； B. move移动；C. do做；D. prove证明，故选C。
3.2019届山东师范大学附属中学高三最后打靶题
After 20 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to 1 . She said, “I love you, but I know this other woman loves you too.”
The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my mother, who has been a widow (寡妇) for 19 years, but my busy life had made it impossible to visit her 2 . That night I called to 3 her out for dinner.
“What’s wrong? are you well?” she asked. My mother is the type of woman who suspects that a late night 4 is a sign of bad news.
“I thought that it would be pleasant to spend some time with you,” I 5 .
She thought about it for a moment, and 6 . During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation — 7 extraordinary but recent events of each other’s life.
Before we 8 , she said, “I’ll go out with you again, 9 only if you let me invite you.”
A few days 50 , my mother died of a heart attack. It 11 so suddenly that I didn’t have a chance to do anything for her. A few days after the funeral, I received an envelope with a receipt (收据) from the same place where mother and I had 12 . An attached note 13 :
“I paid this bill 14 . I wasn’t sure that I could be there; but nevertheless, I paid for two 25 —one for you and the other for your 16 . You will never know what that night meant for me. I 27 you, son.”
At that moment, I 18 the importance of saying in time: “I LOVE YOU”. Give your family the 59 they deserve, because sometimes things cannot be 20 till “some other time”.
1. A. home B. talk C. movie D. dinner
2. A. directly B. frequently C. rarely D. exactly
3. A. bring B. take C. force D. invite
4. A. visit B. meal C. ring D. date
5. A. argued B. whispered C. committed D. responded
6. A. agreed B. refused C. promised D. nodded
7. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
8. A. met B. parted C. left D. divided
9. A. but B. and C. so D. or
10. A. before B. earlier C. ago D. later
11. A. broke B. formed C. fell D. struck
12. A. sat B. waited C. gathered D. dined
13. A. saw B. read C. showed D. wrote
14. A. in advance B. on purpose C. by accident D. with patience
15. A. tables B. dishes C. seats D. chances
56. A. mother B. family C. wife D. child
17. A. miss B. admire C. love D. hug
18. A. sensed B. accepted C. checked D. pursued
19. A. time B. money C. comfort D. calls
20. A. ensured B. delayed C. forgotten D. forgiven
【语篇解读】本文属于叙事说理文，通过讲述作者和母亲去吃饭的一次经历，和母亲的突然离世来告诉人们要多花些时间和亲人在一起，这比什么都重要。而不要等到子欲养而亲不待，让人抱憾终身。
1. 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. home家；B. talk谈话；C. movie电影；D. dinner吃饭。根据后文During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation可知，作者妻子想要作者带另一个女的出去吃饭，故选D。
42. 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. directly直接地；B. frequently经常；C. rarely稀少地；D. exactly确切地。这里是指工作忙孩子多，没有时间看望妈妈，经常去看她变得不可能，故选B。
3. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. bring带来；B. take带走；C. force强迫；D. invite邀请。根据前文可知，作者打电话邀请母亲出去吃饭，故选D。
4. 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. visit拜访；B. meal餐；C. ring电话；D. date日期。根据前文可知，作者深夜给母亲打电话，她很怀疑有坏消息，故选C。
5. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. argued争论；B. whispered低声说；C. committed致力于；D. responded回应。根据前文“What’s wrong? are you well?” she asked.可知，母亲很怀疑，故作者回答母亲的问题，故选D。
6. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. agreed同意；B. refused拒绝；C. promised承诺；D. nodded点头。根据后文可知，作者与母亲一同在餐厅吃饭，故可知，母亲同意了，故选A。
7. 【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们吃饭吃的很融洽，没有什么特别的事情，都是彼此最近的生活琐事。A. anything任何事；B. nothing没有事；C. something一些事；D. everything所有事。根据文章可知，作者与母亲吃饭聊家常，故选B。
8. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. met见面；B. parted分离；C. left离开；D. divided划分。根据文章可知，作者与母亲吃完饭，分别回各自的家，故选B。
9. 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我会再次和你一道出来吃饭，但是必须是我请你。分析前后句可知，前后句为转折关系，故用but，故选A。
10. 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. before之前；B. earlier更早；C. ago之前；D. later之后。根据文章可知，几天之后，母亲因为心脏病发作逝世，故选D。
11. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. broke打破；B. formed形成；C. fell 摔倒；D. struck突然想起。根据前文my mother died of a heart attack可知，事情发生的很突然，故选D。
12. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. sat坐；B. waited等待；C. gathered聚集；D. dined吃饭。根据本句with a receipt (收据) from the same place可知，收据来自作者与母亲共餐的地方，故选D。
13. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. saw看见；B. read 读；C. showed显示；D. wrote写着。根据后文可知，便条上读作以下内容，一般用read和say，故选B。
14. 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A. in advance提前；B. on purpose故意地；C. by accident偶然地；D. with patience耐心地。根据后文I wasn’t sure that I could be there可知，不确定是否能够到那里，因此提前把账单给付了，故选A。
15. 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. tables桌子；B. dishes碟子；C. seats 座位；D. chances机会。根据后文one for you and the other for your可知，作者母亲付了两个位子的钱，故选C。
16. 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. mother母亲；B. family家庭；C. wife妻子；D. child孩子。根据文章可知，母亲为作者和其妻子付了两个位子的钱，故选C。
17. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. miss想念；B. admire崇拜；C. love爱；D. hug拥抱。根据文章可知，母亲对儿子的爱，故选C。
18. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. sensed感觉；B. accepted接受；C. checked检查；D. pursued追求。根据文章可知，作者当时感受到了爱的重要性，故选A.
19. 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. time 时间；B. money金钱；C. comfort安慰；D. calls电话。根据后文some other time可知，不能保证家人都有时间，因此要把时间给家人，故选A。
20. 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. ensured确保；B. delayed拖延；C. forgotten忘记；D. forgiven原谅。根据文章可知，有些事情不能拖延到其他时间，故选B。
4.山东省济南市2019届高三5月学习质量针对性检测（三模)
When I was young, my understanding of life was simple. This made it 1





2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题08 语法填空
一、2019年高考真题
I.记叙文
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61.
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
62.
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63.
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
65.
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
66.
【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
67.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
68.
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69.
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70.
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.
【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
69.
【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
70.
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
63.
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.
【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.
【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.
【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. has/will have
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57.the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
58. that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
59. cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily
【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
61. to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
63. to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections
【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
5. 【2019·北京卷】
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。
1.voiced
【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。
2.facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3.myself
【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
B
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
4.marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.in
【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
6.activities
【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的 等的广泛使用，睡眠已从其自然水平上减少了。 该空修饰后面的名词level，应该用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
5. expectation
【解析】考查名词。句意：人们期望我们每晚睡八到九个小时，如果我们将现代科技拿开，我们就会睡得更多。该题【解析】考查There be+n.结构，该空作表语，因此应该填名词。且根据“There be+n.结构中，be动词和n.保持形式上的一致”原则，该空应该填单数名词expectation。
6. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我们第一次证明这不是事实。truth经常和定冠词the连用，故该空填the。
7. who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大多数接受研究的人每晚睡眠时间不到7个小时，平均睡眠时间只有6小时25分钟。___7___were studied是定语，修饰those，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，当先行词为those时，引导词只能用who。故填who。
8. recommended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这比西方社会经常推荐的8小时要少得多。该空作定语，修饰the eight hours，the eight hours和recommend之间是被动关系，需用过去分词作定语，故填recommended。
9. with
【解析】考查介词。句意：尽管如此，与工业化社会的人相比，研究人员身体健康，肥胖率更低，血压水平更好，心脏更健康。该空后面是三个名词，且该空表示伴随情况，故该空填介词with。
10. healthier
【解析】考查比较级。句意：尽管如此，与工业化社会的人相比，研究人员身体健康，肥胖率更低，血压水平更好，心脏更健康。该空修饰名词hearts，应用形容词。且根据前文的lower，better可知，该空应该填healthy的比较级，故填healthier。
3.湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟（三)英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a “Chinese century”, they are full of reasons. 1 America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change. Since 2 start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted 3 45% of the gain in world GDP. In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme poverty; today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing-power, 4 (rise) ten times since 1990.
China’s amazing 5 (perform) has greatly affected the world’s economic output. The Economist has worked out a geographic center of the global economy by 6 (take) an average of each country’s latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7 (measure) by its GDP. At the height of America’s control, this point 8 (previous) sat in the north Atlantic. But China has pulled it so far east 9 the global center of economic gravity 10 (be) now in Siberia.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国对世界经济的影响。
1. Although/While/Though
【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然美国仍然是唯一的超级大国。但中国在全球变化中负有重要责任。根据句意可知此处表示“虽然、尽管”，故填Although/While/Though。
2. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：例如，自2008年金融危机爆发以来，中国占全球GDP增长的45%。此处特指2008年金融危机的爆发（开始），故填the。
3. for
【解析】考查固定短语。句意参考上题解析，account for表示“（比例）占”，故填for。
4. has risen
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：按购买实力计算，中国人均GDP自1990年增长了10倍。主语是GDP per person，谓语动词用第三人称单数，“since 1990”表明用现在完成时，故填has risen。
5. performance
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国惊人的表现极大地影响了世界经济的产值。此处用名词作主语，故填performance。
6. taking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：《经济学人》用每个国家的经纬度平均值计算出了全球经济的地理中心，这是通过GDP来衡量的。介词by后用动名词作宾语，故填taking。
7. measured
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，an average of each country’s latitude and longitude与measure之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故填measured。
8. previously
【解析】考查副词。句意：在美国的高度控制下，这个点以前位于北大西洋。修饰动词或句子用副词，故填previously。
9. that
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：但是中国将其拉得如此之远以至于全球经济中心现在在西伯利亚。根据句意可知此处用so…that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”，故填that。
10. is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题解析，主语是the global center of economic gravity，谓语用第三人称单数，“now”表明用一般现在时，故填is。
【点睛】
注意so that与so…that只差了一个省略号，差别却很大，二者的区别在于：so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了”，相当于in order to，常放于句中，如，She studies hard so that she can get a good grade in the final exam.她努力学习是为了在期末考试中取得一个好成绩；so…that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，如，I am so tired that I want to sleep right now.我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。
4.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟（二)最后一卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of students from China’s Tibet Autonomous Region set out from Lhasa on Friday to kick off a sports tour in Beijing.
The eight middle school students from Damxung County， 1 (locate) in the north of Lhasa, will visit the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube. Afterwards, the group will take training classes with professional football 2 (coach) from Spain.
“I started playing football in primary school. Now I’m a little nervous but 3 (excite) about the journey. It’s my first time 4 (leave) my hometown,” said sixteen-year-old Teazin Phuntsok，35. (add) that the place he wants to visit the most in Beijing is the Bird’s Nest.
Tenzin, along with 6 (he) fellow students, was selected from more than 60 candidates, all of 7 are from remote regions in Tibet. The tour they are about to take is a part of “Free Football for All,” 8 project launched by Samaranch Foundation in 2013. In order to promote football and the country’s new national fitness program, the project has organized football training for young people in grassroots football leagues across China. Samaranch Foundation 9 (found) in 2012. It is named 10 former International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了来自拉萨北部大雄县的八名中学生将参观鸟巢和水立方，这次旅行是萨马兰奇基金会2013年发起的“全民自由足球”项目的一部分。
1. located
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自拉萨北部大雄县的八名中学生将参观鸟巢和水立方。be located in表示“位于”，此处去掉be作状语，故填located。
2. coaches
【解析】考查名词。句意：之后，他们将与来自西班牙的职业足球教练一起上训练课。coach是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填coaches。
3. excited
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我有点紧张但又很兴奋。修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到……的”，故填excited。
4. to leave
【解析】考查不定式。句意：这是我第一次离开家乡。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语，故填to leave。
5. adding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁的Teazin Phuntsok说“这是我第一次离开家乡”，他又补充说在北京他最想参观的地方是鸟巢。Teazin Phuntsok与add之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填adding。
6. his
【解析】考查代词。句意：Teazin和他的同学是从60多名候选人中选出来的，他们都来自西藏偏远地区。修饰名词fellow students用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
7. whom
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意参考上题解析，关系词指代先行词candidates，在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
8. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他们即将参加的这次旅行是萨马兰奇基金会2013年发起的“全民自由足球”项目的一部分。此处泛指一个项目，故填a。
9. was founded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：萨马兰奇基金会是2012年成立的。Samaranch Foundation 与found之间是被动关系，而且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was founded。
10. after
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：它是以前国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇的名字命名的。name after表示“以……命名”，故填after。
5.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Future Life on Mars
Compared with the life we 1 (live) on the earth now, the future life on Mars will be 2 (total) different.
Firstly, without pollution on Mars, people will be able to drink cleaner water 3 breathe fresher air, so they will be 4 (health).The food on Mars will be different from 5 food now. People will just take 6 (pill) and drink man-made juice instead of eating bread and meat. Secondly, people will travel back to the earth or to other planets for sightseeing by spaceship. Additionally, there will be no 7 (fix) school and classrooms. Children will just fly to 8 classroom 9 the school spaceships. And people won’t work in factories or companies. They can stay at home, 10 ( work) with computers.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了未来火星上的生活。
41. are living
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：与我们现在地球上的生活比较，未来火星上的生活将完全不同。由“ now”可知，本句为现在进行时。故填 are living 。
42. totally
【解析】考查副词。句意：与我们现在地球上的生活比较，未来火星上的生活将完全不同。totally 为副词修饰形容词different。故填totally 。
43.and
【解析】考查连词。句意：首先，火星上没有污染，人们将能喝更干净的水，呼吸更新鲜的空气，所以他们会更健康。分析句意可知，本句表示两个动作的并列，所以连词为and。故填and 。
44.healthier
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：首先，火星上没有污染，人们将能喝更干净的水，呼吸更新鲜的空气，所以他们会更健康。由“ cleaner ，fresher ”可知，空处填healthy的比较级healthier。故填healthier。
45.our
【解析】考查代词。句意：火星上的食物将不同于我们现在的食物。分析句意可知，本句在说明火星上的食物将不同于我们现在的食物，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词来修饰food。故填our。
46.pills
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：人们将只吃药片，喝人造果汁，而不是吃面包和肉。take pills“吃药”，其中pill为可数名词，其前无任何修饰词，所以用pill的复数pills。故填pills 。
47.fixed
【解析】考查形容词。句意：此外，将没有固定的学校和教室。fixed为形容词修饰名词 school and classrooms。故填fixed 。
48. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：孩子们将乘坐学校的宇宙飞船飞到教室。分析句子可知，本句特指教室，所以用定冠词the来特指教室。故填the。
49. in
【解析】考查介词。句意：孩子们将乘坐学校的宇宙飞船飞往教室。 in the school spaceships“乘宇宙飞船”。in“……内部”。故填in。
50.working
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：他们可以呆在家里，用电脑工作。分析句子可知，they与work在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填working。
6.江西省上高二中2019届高三5月全真模拟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Almost all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted(融化), scientists have confirmed, 1 (throw) communities living around 2 (it) shores into disorder. The region’s ice cover 3 (normal) lasts for at least another month, and this year it has disappeared earlier than any other year except 2017.
Living in 4 northern Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Russia, the Bering Sea is experiencing the climate change and has drawn attention this year for record-breaking levels of winter melting. In February, rising Arctic temperatures 5 (lead) to around half the region’s disappearing in the space of two weeks.
A report 6 (send) by the International Arctic Research Centre at the University of Alaska Fairbanks has outlined the real-world effects of these surprising environmental 7 (change) on the many communities 8 live in the Bering Sea region.
In their report, the International Arctic Research Centre scientists wrote that while not every year will be as bad as this one, ice 9 (form) is likely to remain low if the Bering Sea’s waters remain warm. They also warn that communities will need to “prepare for more winters 10 low sea ice and stormy conditions”.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已经融化，影响了周围地区的生活。
1. throwing
【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知throw在句中做状语，与逻辑主语“all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted”为逻辑上的主谓关系，要用其现在分词形式，故填throwing.
2. its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：科学家们已经证实，几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已融化，使生活在其海岸周围的社区陷入混乱。分析句子可知空格处修饰shores, 是指白令海（它的）的海岸，故填its。
3. normally
【解析】考查副词。空格处修饰动词cover, 要用副词，故填normally。
4. the
【解析】考查冠词。northern Pacific Ocean为地名，海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称前一般要加定冠词the, 故填the。
5. led
【解析】
考查时态。分析句子可知lead在句中为谓语，与主语之间是主动关系，根据时间状语In February可知应用一般过去时，故填led。
6. sent
【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子可知send在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语a report之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用send的过去分词形式，故填sent。
7. changes
【解析】考查名词单复数。change为可数名词，根据these可知要用其复数形式，故填changes。
8. which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知 ___ live in the Bering Sea region.为定语从句，缺少引导词。先行词为many communities指物，引导词在从句中做主语，所以用which/that引导。故填which/that。
9. formation
【解析】考查名词。句意：在他们的报告中，国际北极研究中心的科学家写道，虽然不是每年都会像这次一样糟糕，但如果白令海的水域保持温暖，冰的形成（概率）可能会很低。空格处做句子的主语，要填名词，form的名词形式为formation, 且ice formation为固定搭配，意为“冻结成冰，成冰作用”符合句意。故填formation。
10. with
【解析】考查介词。句意：他们还警告社区要为以后更多具有低海浮冰和暴风雨天气状况的冬天做准备。with意为“具有带有”符合句意，且with放在这里形成with结构做winter的后置定语，故填with。
7.山西省太原市第五中学2019届高三下学期阶段性检测
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While not everyone will have pondered (思索) the subject while staring out of the window during 1 flight, the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting.
Over the years, aerospace engineering 2 (make) huge leaps in aeroplane technology, meaning planes can carry 3 passengers and go faster. The planes have also changed shape to increase safety — including the windows.
In the 1950s, 4 jetliners were starting to become mainstream, the De Havilland Comet came 5 fashion. With a pressurised cabin, it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft.
6 , the plane had square windows and in 1953 two planes fell apart in the air, 7 (kill) 56 people in total.
The reason for the 8 (crash) ? The windows.
9 there’s a corner, there’s a weak spot. Windows, having four corners, have four potential weak spots, making them likely to crash under stress — such as air pressure.
By curving the window, the stress that would 10 (eventual) crack the window corner is distributed and the likelihood of it breaking is reduced.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题，但飞机为什么有圆形窗户而不是方形窗户这个问题很有趣。文章讲述了飞机窗户改进的有关事宜。
61.a
【解析】考查不定冠词。句意：虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题，但飞机为什么有圆形窗户而不是方形窗户这个问题很有趣。此处用不定冠词来表示一类事情，故答案为a。
62.has made
【解析】考查时态。句意：多年来，航空航天工程在飞机技术上取得了巨大的飞跃，这意味着飞机可以搭载更多的乘客，速度更快。根据Over the years“在最近的这些年里”，所以句子用现在完成时态，且主语是aerospace engineering，单数第三人称形式，故答案为has made。
63.more
【解析】考查比较级。句意：多年来，航空航天工程在飞机技术上取得了巨大的飞跃，这意味着飞机可以搭载更多的乘客，速度更快。根据faster，可知此处用比较级，故答案为more。
64.when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪50年代，喷气式客机开始成为主流，the De Havilland Comet成为时尚。此处the 1950s是先行词，在后面的定语从句作时间状语从句，故答案为when。
65.into
【解析】考查固定词组。句意：20世纪50年代，当喷气式客机开始成为主流时，the De Havilland Comet开始流行起来。固定词组：come into fashion“流行起来”。故答案为into。
66. However
【解析】考查表示转折的副词。句意：然而，这架飞机的窗户是方形的，1953年，两架飞机在空中解体，造成56人死亡。此句与上文构成一种转折关系，故答案为However。
67.killing
【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：然而，这架飞机的窗户是方形的，1953年，两架飞机在空中解体，造成56人死亡。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语，故答案为killing。
68. crashes
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：事故的原因是什么?结合上文的“两架飞机在空中解体”，说明此处的名词用复数形式，故答案为crashes。
69.where
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：有角落的地方，就有弱点。此处是where引导的地点状语从句。故答案为Where。
70. eventually
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：通过弯曲窗户，最终会使窗户角开裂的应力分布，从而降低了窗户破裂的可能性。此处crack是动词，由副词修饰，故答案为eventually。
【点睛】
分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为the 1950s，再分析先行词the 1950s在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词the 1950s带到从句中可知，只能作时间状语，故确定关系词为when。
8.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
US writer Margaret Lee Runbeck once 1 (write), “Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but 2 manner of traveling.” But traveling is not always happy, at least for the buddies in the movie Green Book.
The movie 3 (adapt) from the true story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s. In the film, the black pianist Don Shirley hires Italian-American Tony to drive him to performances, but they face problems because of Shirley’s skin color. These problems enable them 4 (form) a special friendship.
“There’s something so deeply right about this movie, so true 5 the time, said US film critic LaSalle. The time La Salle is talking about was between 1876 and 1963, 6 African-Americans experienced a very different and difficult period. Many parts of the country had Jim Crow laws, which allowed 7 （race） segregation (隔离). But in 1936, a blackmail carrier named Victor H. Green published a list of friendly 8 (business) as a small book with a green cover. The Green Book helped African-Americans travel more safely. Then in 1964, Jim Crow laws went away. The book went away, too.
Today many US people still remember the time of Jim Crow laws. But they 9 (probable) don’t know about The Green Book. It’s a 10 (forget) part of the story.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第91届奥斯卡最佳影片《绿皮书》，这个影片讲述了一位黑人雇主和白人司机一路向南的旅行故事。如今，很多美国人还记得《吉姆-克劳法》存在的那个年代，但是他们可能不知道《绿皮书》。它是这个故事被遗忘的部分。
1. wrote
【解析】考查一般过去时态。由once可知这题要用一般过去时态，故答案为wrote。
2.a
【解析】考查不定冠词。a manner of...“……的方式（与前面的a station对应。“幸福不是你要达到的一个车站，而是一种旅行的方式。”故答案为a。
3. was adapted
【解析】考查一般过去时态的被动语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事，且时间为过去，故答案为was adapted。
4. to form
【解析】考查固定搭配。enable sb. to do使某人能够做某事。故答案为to form。
5.to
【解析】考查介词。true to sth.“精确的，真实的，逼真的”。故答案为to。
6.when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：La Salle所说的时间是在1876年到1963年之间，当时非洲裔美国人经历了一个非常不同和困难的时期。此处between 1876 and 1963是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
7.racial
【解析】考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词segregation，故答案为racial。
8.business
【解析】考查名词复数。由a list of可知这里要用名词复数。business“公司、企业”。故答案为businesses。
9.probably
【解析】考查副词。此处probably修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。
10. forgotten
【解析】考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：这是故事中被遗忘的一部分。由文意可知，forget和part 之间是一种被动关系，The Green Book是被人们遗忘的部分，所以用过去分词来做前置定语。故答案为forgotten。
9.河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.
In China, calligraphy is referred to8 2 shufa. Chinese calligraphy has 3 long tradition, and is today regarded as one of the arts in the countries 4 it is practiced. Chinese calligraphy 85. (focus) not only on methods of writing but also on cultivating one's character.
Chinese calligraphy is a farm of aesthetically pleasing writing. This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been 6 ( general) held in high esteem across East Asia.
Calligraphy 7 (consider) as one of the four best friends of ancient Chinese literati, along with playing stringed musical instrument, the board game "go", and painting. There are some general standardizations of the 8 (vary) styles of calligraphy in this tradition.
Chinese calligraphy and ink and wash painting are closely related: they are accomplished 9 (use) similar tools and techniques, and have a long history of shared artistry. Distinguishing features of Chinese painting and calligraphy include an emphasis on motion charged with dynamic life. Calligraphy has also led to the development of many 10 (form) of art in China, including seal carving, ornate paperweights, and inkstones.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统艺术形式——书法。
1. related
【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related to与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。
2.as
【解析】考查短语。短语be referred to as被认为是。句意：在中国，书法被称为“书法”。故填as。
3.a
【解析】考查冠词。名词tradition为可数名词，前用不定冠词a。句意：中国书法有着悠久的传统。故填a。
4.where
【解析】考查定语从句。句中先行词countries，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。句意：在今天的国家书法被认为是一门艺术。故填where。
5. focuses
【解析】考查时态。根据文章可知，用一般现在时，主语为单数形式，故用第三人称单数。句意：中国书法不仅注重书写方法，而且注重品格的培养。故填focuses。
6. generally
【解析】考查副词。修饰动词held，前用副词形式。句意：这种表达方式在中国得到了广泛的应用，在东亚地区也受到了普遍的尊重。故填generally。
7. is considered
【解析】考查语态。主语Calligraphy与动词consider之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：书法被认为是中国古代文人最好的四个朋友之一。故填is considered。
8.various
【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词styles，前用形容词形式。句意：在这一传统中，各种书法风格都有一些普遍的规范。故填various。
9.using
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中的逻辑主语为人，与动词use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，句意：它们都是用相似的工具和技术完成的，并且有着悠久的共同艺术历史。故填using。
10. forms
【解析】考查名词数。名词form为可数名词，根据前面的many修饰可知，用复数形式。句意：书法也促进了中国许多艺术形式的发展。故填forms。












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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题09 短文改错
一、2019年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
【答案】
I became in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyone’s , the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。
第一处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
第二处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
第三处：【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。
第四处：【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
第五处：【解析】考查副词。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
第六处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“to one’s + 名词”在句中表示结果，“to one’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是…”。故将surprising改为surprise。
第七处：【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
第八处：【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
第九处：【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表示“从那时起”是from then on，故将now改为then。
第十处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so . Then, when I was in the grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。
第一处：【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
第二处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
第三处：【解析】考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。
第四处：【解析】考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。
第五处：【解析】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。
第六处：【解析】考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。 “重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
第七处：【解析】考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将they改为there。
第八处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。
第九处：【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。
第十处：【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
【答案】
I’ve?had?many?dreams?since?I?was?a?child.?Now?my?dream?is?to??a?cafe.?Though?it?may?appear?simple,?it??a?lot?of?ideas?and?efforts.?What?I?want?is?not?just?an??cafe?but?a?very?special?one.?I?want?my?cafehave?a?special?theme?such?as??"Tang?Dynasty".?In?the?cafe,?customers?will?enjoy??in?the?historical?environment??is?created?for?them.?If?I?succeed?in??one,?I?will?open?more.?I?wish?to?have?a?chain?of?cafes?in?many?different?.?Each?of?my?cafes?will?have?a?different?theme?and??unique?style.
【详解】
第一处：【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
第二处：【解析】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。
第三处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词。ordinarily 是副词。故把 ordinarily改为 ordinary。
第四处：【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。
第五处：【解析】考查介词的用法。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。
第六处：【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
第七处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
第八处：【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改为managing。
第九处：【解析】考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
第十处：【解析】考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。


二、2019届模拟题
1.山东省淄博市2019届高三部分学校5月阶段性诊断（二模)考试
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It can be seen from the picture Mr. Liu，who wears a mask. was walking his dog. Interestingly，his dog which also wears a mask.
In recent year，air pollution has become more and more serious in some areas，which have led to severe consequences. To solve this problem，firstly of all，we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly，the government ought to punish the illegal acts as polluting the environment severe. Thirdly，we must do our best to protecting the environment in our daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet or live a happy life.
【答案】
It can be seen from the picture Mr. Liu，who wears a mask. walking his dog. Interestingly，his dog also wears a mask.
In recent ，air pollution has become more and more serious in some areas，which led to severe consequences. To solve this problem， of all，we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly，the government ought to punish the illegal acts polluting the environment . Thirdly，we must do our best to the environment in our daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet live a happy life.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了目前空气污染的严重以及所要采取的措施。
第一处：考查主语从句。句意：从图中可以看到,刘先生,戴着面具,正在溜他的狗。此处it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。故在picture 后加that。
第二处：考查时态。句意：从图中可以看到,刘先生,戴着面具,正在溜他的狗。结合句意可知句子用现在进行时态，故把was→is。
第三处：考查谓语动词。句意：有趣的是,他的狗也戴着一个面具。该句中就一个谓语动词wear，所以就更不存在从句，故把which去掉。
第四处：考查名词复数。句意：在最近这些年里。此处名词用复数形式，故把year→years。
第五处：考查主谓一致。句意：在最近一年,在一些地区空气污染越来越严重,这导致严重后果。此处是前面整个句子作先行词，所以后面非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是单数第三人称形式，故把have →has。
第六处：考查固定搭配。first of all“首先，最重要的是”。故把firstly→first。
第七处：考查介词。句意：政府应该惩罚污染环境严重的违法行为。此处表示“所有”，故把as→of。
第八处：考查词形转换。句意：政府应该惩罚污染环境严重的违法行为。此处polluting是动词，由副词来修饰，故把severe→severely。
第九处：考查固定搭配。句意：在我们的日常生活中我们必须尽力保护环境。固定搭配：do one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故把protecting→protect。
第十处：考查并列连词。句意：只有这样,人类和动物共享一个愉快的星球并过着幸福的生活。此处表示并列的递进关系，故把or→and。
2.安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月考前适应性检测
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My mom and dad are great cooks, but I always enjoy staying at home and having delicious food. I remembered when I was about six, all the kids in my neighborhood wanted hamburgers and chips, but some didn't have money to buy it. So my father tried to make some on the weekend and asked them eat at my home for the free. The kids were very happier. It helped me make lots of friend. Now I often cooking for my parents, and they like my dishes, either. It's really relaxing to sit around a table for my parents, eating and talking together.
【答案】
My mom and dad are great cooks, I always enjoy staying at home and having delicious food. I when I was about six, all the kids in my neighborhood wanted hamburgers and chips, but some didn't have money to buy . So my father tried to make some on the weekend and asked them eat at my home for free. The kids were very . It helped me make lots of . Now I often for my parents, and they like my dishes, . It's really relaxing to sit around a table my parents, eating and talking together.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者的父母是很棒的厨师。作者小时候父亲曾免费给社区的小孩们做汉堡和薯条。现在作者长大了，经常给父母做饭。一家人在一起吃饭，其乐融融。
第一处：考查连词。句意：我的父母都是很棒的厨师，所以我一直很喜欢待在家里，吃美味的食物。前后两句之间是因果关系，应用连词so/and。but表转折，故应将but改为so/and。
第二处：考查时态。下文作者回忆的是六岁时的事情。那么，该处的remember表示的是“现在记得”，故应将remembered改为remember。
第三处：考查代词。句意：我所在社区所有的孩子都想要汉堡包和薯条，但有些人没有钱去买。buy后面的宾语应该指上文中的hamburgers and chips，代指复数名词，且作宾语，应该用代词them。故将it改为them。
第四处：考查固定句式。表示“邀请某人做某事，要求某人做某事”，应该用ask sb. to do sth.结构，故应在them和eat之间加上to。
第五处：考查冠词。表示“免费地”，应用for free，故the多余，应去掉。
第六处：考查形容词。句意：孩子们非常开心。very修饰形容词原级，故应该将happier改为happy。
第七处：考查名词。friend是可数名词，a lot of修饰可数名词复数，故将friend改为friends。
第八处：考查谓语动词。句意：现在，我经常为父母做饭。often常和一般现在时态连用，因此该句应用一般现在时态。其中，cook作谓语，cooking是现在分词，不能作谓语，故将cooking改为cook。
第九处：考查副词。句意：他们也喜欢我做的饭。表示“也”，either常用于否定句。用于肯定句，应用too。故将either改为too。
第十处：考查介词。句意：和我的父母坐在一起吃饭聊天真的很放松。表示“和……一起”，应用介词with。故将for改为with。
3.湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟
假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Ms Smith,
I’m writing to ask whether you could do me favor. I’ve just finished an essay naming “Differences between traditional Chinese and Western festivals”, so I’m not sure whether it is well written. To be honestly, I’m not that familiar with some traditional Western festivals. That’s because I’m turning to you for help. I’d appreciate it if you could spare some time to look into my essay for possible mistakes and polish them. Also, I’m looking forward to your valuable advices. My essay has been sending to you along with this email. I hope it won’t cause you too much more trouble.
Thank you in advance.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Ms Smith,
I’m writing to ask whether you could do me favor. I’ve just finished an essay “Differences between traditional Chinese and Western festivals”, I’m not sure whether it is well written. To be , I’m not that familiar with some traditional Western festivals. That’s I’m turning to you for help. I’d appreciate it if you could spare some time to look my essay for possible mistakes and polish . Also, I’m looking forward to your valuable . My essay has been to you along with this email. I hope it won’t cause you too much trouble.

Thank you in advance.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

【文章大意】本文是一封书信，作者让对方帮忙看一下自己写的文章是否有不妥之处并加以润色。
第一处：考查冠词。句意：我写信是想问你能否帮我一个忙。此处的favor是可数名词，do sb a favor表示“帮某人一个忙”，故favor 前加a。
第二处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我刚写完一篇名为“中国传统节日与西方节日的差异”的文章，但我不确定它是否写得好。essay 与name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故naming改为named。
第三处：考查连词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知前后是转折而非因果关系，故so改为but。
第四处：考查形容词。句意：老实说，我对一些西方传统节日不是很熟悉。此处用形容词作表语，故honestly改为honest。
第五处：考查表语从句。句意：这就是我向你求助的原因。that’s why…表示“这就是……的原因”，故because改为why。
第六处：考查动词短语。句意：如果你能抽出时间来看一下我的文章，找出错误并对文章加以润色，我会感激不尽。look through表示“浏览、看”，look into表示“调查”，故into改为through。
第七处：考查代词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知此处指代my essay，故them改为 it。
第八处：考查名词。句意：期待你的宝贵意见。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故advices改为advice。
第九处：考查语态。句意：我的文章已经和这封邮件一起发给你了。My essay 与send之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故sending改为sent。
第十处：考查形容词。句意：我希望这不会给你带来太多的麻烦。根据句意可知此处并无比较意义，more是多余的，故删除more。

4.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟（二)最后一卷
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有 10 处错误， 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
It was a rain and cold night. I finish my evening classes and was about to go back to my house. I got into a taxi and told the driver my destination. To my surprise, the driver made an apology, says he didn't know the way. What come a taxi driver didn't know the way? I was a little of angry. At the moment, an old couple stopped our car. Their destination was the same as me, so he let them in. The two greeted us but the grandpa told the driver the way. From their conversation I knew the driver was a farmer and he has been a taxi driver just for three days.
I'm also new to Zhengzhou. Sometimes I make direction mistakes, but there is always someone can help me. It was cold outside, but I felt real warm.
【答案】
It was a and cold night. I my evening classes and was about to go back to my house. I got into a taxi and told the driver my destination. To my surprise, the driver made an apology, he didn't know the way. come a taxi driver didn't know the way? I was a little angry. At the moment, an old couple stopped our car. Their destination was the same as , so he let them in. The two greeted us the grandpa told the driver the way. From their conversation I knew the driver was a farmer and he been a taxi driver just for three days.
I'm also new to Zhengzhou. Sometimes I make direction mistakes, but there is always someone can help me. It was cold outside, but I felt warm.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个寒冷的雨夜，作者在一个陌生的城市里打车的经历。
第一处：考查形容词。句意：那是一个寒冷的雨夜。修饰名词night用形容词，故rain→rainy。
第二处：考查时态。句意：我上完晚课，正要回家。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故finish→finished。
第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意：司机向我道歉，说他不认识路。the driver与say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故says→saying。
第四处：考查固定句式。句意：司机怎么会不认识路？how come表示“怎么会”，故What→How。
第五处：考查a little of与a little的区别。句意：我有点生气。a little of修饰名词，a little修饰形容词或动词，故删除 of。
第六处：考查代词。句意：他们的目的地和我的一样。此处表示“我的”，用名词性物主代词，故me→mine。
第七处：考查连词。句意：他们两个人向我们打招呼，爷爷给司机指路。前后是顺承而非转折关系，故but→and。
第八处：考查时态。句意：从谈话中我得知司机是一个农民，刚开出租车三天。此处表示过去完成的动作，应该用过去完成时，故has→had。
第九处：考查定语从句。句意：但是总有人能帮助我。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，先行词为someone，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故在someone后加who。
第十处：考查副词。句意：外面很冷，但我心里很温暖。修饰形容词warm用副词，故real→really。
5.武汉第二中学2019届高三五月全仿真模拟考试
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有 10 处错误， 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
On New Year’s Day I went to a stamp exhibition, what proved to be an unique experience.
At 9：30, I arrived at the exhibition with my precious stamp album, eager and excited. To my delighted, there gathered crowds of stamp lover. Immediately I joined them and studied the stamps one by one. I was attracted by the artists’ delicate design and wanted to learn more. Then, some of us got together on twos and threes to share our collections, chat cheerfully about the stamps. We even told stories behind it like old friends. Time passed quickly and it was time to say goodbye to the friends.
I had a great time. Not only I appreciate for beautiful stamps, but also I made new friends with the same interest. This was really a specially celebration for the New Year.
【答案】
On New Year’s Day I went to a stamp exhibition, proved to be unique experience.At 9：30, I arrived at the exhibition with my precious stamp album, eager and excited. To my , there gathered crowds of stamp . Immediately I joined them and studied the stamps one by one. I was attracted by the artists’ delicate design and wanted to learn more. Then, some of us got together twos and threes to share our collections, cheerfully about the stamps. We even told stories behind like old friends. Time passed quickly and it was time to say goodbye to the friends.
I had a great time. Not only I appreciate beautiful stamps, but also I made new friends with the same interest. This was really a celebration for the New Year.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在元旦去看了一个邮票展览的经过。
第一处：考查定语从句连接词。句意：元旦那天，我去看了一个邮票展览，这被证明是一次独特的经历。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子应用which。故what改为which。
第二处：考查冠词。unique为辅音音素开头的单词，故an改为a。
第三处：考查名词。句意：令我高兴的是，那里聚集了一群集邮爱好者。短语to one’s delight“令某人高兴的是”后跟名词，故delighted改为delight。
第四处：考查名词的数。lover为可数名词，由crowds of“成群的”修饰应用复数形式，故lover改为lovers。
第五处：考查介词。句意：然后，我们中的一些人三三两两地聚在一起分享我们的收藏品，愉快地谈论邮票。短语in twos and threes“三三两两”前跟介词in，故on改为in。
第六处：考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故chat只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成主谓关系用现在分词，故chat改为chatting。
第七处：考查人称代词。句意：我们甚至像老朋友一样讲述他们背后的故事。此处指代上文stamps应用第三人称复数形式宾格，故it改为them。
第八处：考查倒装句。not为含有否定意义的副词位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。故I前添加did。
第九处：考查介词。appreciate为及物动词，可直接跟宾语，故去掉for。
第十处：考查形容词。celebration为名词，需要形容词修饰，故specially改为special。
6.福建省漳州市第一中学2019届高三5月模拟考试
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,?请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,?每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：?在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),?并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：?把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改：?在错的词下划一横线,?并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,?多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her an unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw me into creating this priceless album. I turned on the computer, carefully selected some photos, added up some decorations, and designed each pages carefully. Eventually, an album of love produced. Looked at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how delightedly my grandma would be.
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the special gift, she hugs me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
【答案】
Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw into creating this priceless album. I turned on the computer, carefully selected some photos, added some decorations, and designed each carefully. Eventually, an album of love produced. at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how my grandma would be.
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the special gift, she me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, made my parents smile genuinely as well.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者为自己深爱的祖母亲手制作了一件特别的生日礼物。当祖母看到这个特别的礼物时，她深情地拥抱了作者，泪水在她的眼睛里打转，这让作者的父母由衷地笑了。
第一处：考查名词所有格。句意：上周一，我突然想到我深爱的祖母的生日就要到了。文中表示“祖母的生日”，用名词所有格，所以grandmother改成grandmother’s。
第二处：考查冠词。句意：我决定给她做一件独一无二的礼物。泛指“一件独一无二的礼物”，unique的首字母发音是辅音，所以an改成a。
第三处：考查固定用法。句意：我毫不犹豫地投入创作这张无价的专辑。throw oneself into投身于，该用法是固定用法，所以me改成myself。
第四处：考查动词。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地选择了一些照片，添加了一些装饰，仔细地设计了每一页。add是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，所以去掉up。
第五处：考查名词单复数。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地选择了一些照片，添加了一些装饰，仔细地设计了每一页。被each修饰，用名词单数，所以pages改成page。
第六处：考查时态和语态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。“相册”和“制作”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，an album是单数，所以在produced之前，加was。
第七处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我满意地看着我的作品，不禁想象我的祖母会有多么高兴。“看着”的逻辑主语是“我”，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，所以Looked改成Looking。
第八处：考查形容词。句意：我满意地看着我的作品，不禁想象我的祖母会有多么高兴。how之后接形容词，所以delightedly改成delighted。
第九处：考查时态。句意：当她看到这个特别的礼物时，她深情地拥抱了我，泪水在她的眼睛里打转，这让我的父母由衷地笑了。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以hugs改成 hugged。
第十处：考查非限制性定语从句。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个主句内容，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以what改成which。












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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题10 书面表达
一、2019年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要剧版中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
3.能做的事情。
注意:：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.结束语已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua.

【写作指导】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。
1.审题立意
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写申请信，人称使用第一人称和第二人称，时态用一般现在式。
2.谋篇布局
书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出。首段，写信的目的，中间段写个人优势和能做的事，最后一段总结。
3.关键词
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇有：volunteer，a Chinese Painting Exhibition，local city，advantages，a good command of，beneficial for，familiarity with，appreciate ，take my application into consideration。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，如First of all, Besides, to begin with，moreover，as for me，Last but not least，等，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。
【范文】
Dear sir or madam,
I am a Chinese student named Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation. Knowing that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings, I am writing to apply for volunteering. As a student who has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old, I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners. Besides, my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings will help visitors understand the meaning behind each painting deeply. I will appreciate it if I could be given the opportunity.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua.
【点睛】
本文首段开门见山，表达了写信的目的；第2段详细介绍了个人的优势和能做的事情，an outgoing boy, who is studying in London.此处使用了同位语和非限制性定语从句。having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in this local city.使用了分词做状语和宾语从句及被动语态。having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child, I have a good command of English and Chinese, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.使用了分词和非限制性定语从句。另外First of all, Besides, Last but not least的使用使文章富有条理性。此外，还使用了高级句式结构，如I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration条件状语从句。

2. 【2019·全国卷II】
假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括:
1.比赛信息；
2.赛前准备；
3.表达期待。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball match next month. The match will take place in our school gym on the afternoon of July 4th. We will play against the team from HongXing High School. In order to win the match, we should get fully prepared and practice hard. So from tomorrow, we need to train for two hours after school every day. Please come to the school gym at 6:30 pm from Monday to Friday.
You’re an excellent player. With you on the team, we are confident that we can win the game. Let’s try hard together!
Cheers,
Li Hua
【分析】今年的书面表达沿袭近几年的体裁，仍旧是应用文。本次书面表达要求考生写一封邮件告知队友有关比赛的信息。
本篇书面表达是一封告知信。首先要告知写信目的；然后简明扼要地告知排球比赛的时间、地点以及赛前的准备事项，注意事件信息的三要素：时间、地点、人物，要交代清楚；第三则要表达对队友的期待和鼓励。
【点睛】本文内容完整，详略得当，并运用了高级句式。I’m writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball match next month.宾语从句；In order to win the match不定式作目状语。文章语言流畅，上下文转换自然。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括:
1.时间；
2.活动安排；
3.欢迎他表演节目。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Dear Allen,
How is everything going? Our school will hold a music festival next Sunday morning in the school hall. And I’m writing to invite you to join us.
The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the schoolmaster will deliver a speech. Then there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students. You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will add color and fun to our festival.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【解析】
今年的书面表达要求考生写邮件，告知英国朋友音乐节的情况。
【详解】首先确定提纲。先介绍写作目的，之后介绍音乐节的时间、活动安排等具体信息，最后欢迎他表演节目。
第二，根据提纲，确定关键词语，如：How is everything going? a music festival，in the school hall，The opening ceremony等。
第三，注意选用合适的连接词将各要点串联起来。
【点睛】本文内容完整，详略得当。并使用了高级句式。如：You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will add color and fun to our festival.定语从句。提升了文章档次。

4. 【2019·北京卷】
第一节 (15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1.交通出行；
2.必备衣物。
注意:
1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m pleased that you’re coming to tour in China.
I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities. Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua

【写作指导】
本文是一篇应用文，要求给朋友写回信。
【详解】红星中学高三学生李华的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。要求给他回复邮件，内容包括: 1.交通出行； 2.必备衣物。本文时态应采用一般现在时和一般将来时，用第一人称和第二人称来写。文章可以分为三部分来写：首先表达欢迎Jim来中国；然后交代交通出行和必备衣物；最后盼望朋友的到来。注意使用高级词汇和句式，为文章增添色彩；注意使用连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述流畅。文章使用了几个高分句型。that you’re coming to tour in China.和that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around.是宾语从句。 where you can stay for a week.是非限制性定语从句。

第二节(20分)
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜watermelon

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】
Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.
At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”. And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands. When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.
When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.
【写作指导】
本文属于图画作文，要求根据图画内容写一篇英文周记。
【详解】假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。要求根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。图画作文内容要点比较清晰，其中包括：老师宣布活动内容和意义，我为活动准备，在农场的劳动过程，介绍活动感受。这样有利于学生写作时发挥与扩展。全文可分成三部分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一般过去时。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述通顺。使用了连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。文章使用了宾语从句 how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.还使用了 At the class meeting, When I got home, On the farm, While working, When I came back home等过渡词。
5. 【2019·天津卷】
假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师Chris 将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件:
（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；
（2）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
（3）希望从中有何收获。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100：
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Jim，a student at Chenguang High School.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your time.
Yours，
Li Jin
【写作指导】
这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化。平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果.
【范文】
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School. I got the news that your school will send teachers to my school for a week-long summer exchange. During the activity，you will give a lecture on Western art. You want to seek for advice on what topic the lecture will be about. From my personal note，music is my priority.
I am interested in all kinds of music，among which Jazz is my favorite. I want to know about the history of jazz，and some famous jazz singers. I would appreciate it if you can add some sessions of enjoying jazz.
Thank you for your time.
Yours，
Li Jin


一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后综合给分。
3. 词数少于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。每错误书写3个单词从总分中减去1分，原则上不超过3分，重复的不计。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。标点符号错误，将视其对交际的影响程度的情减分。
6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1. 你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；
2. 选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
3. 希望从中有何收获。
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
分数档 内容 语法结构和词汇 衔接和连贯 整体效果
第五档21-25分（很好） 覆盖所有内容要点，并有适当发挥。 应用了较丰富的语法结构和词汇；表达准确、地道；有个别错误，但不影响对写作内容的理解。 有效使用衔接手段，内容连贯，结构紧凑 具备较强的语言运用能力；完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档16-20分（好） 覆盖所有内容要点。 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求；表达基本准确，些许错误对写作内容的理解影响不大。 应用了简单的连接成分，全文结构较紧凑。 达到了预期的写作目的
第三档11~15分（一般） 漏掉一些内容，覆盖部分内容要点。 应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务要求；有一些错误，对写作内容的理解造成了一定影响。 应用了简单的连接成分，内容基本连贯。 基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档6-10分（较差） 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，有一些无关内容。 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；错误较多，且在很大程度上影响了对写作内容的理解。 较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档1~5分（差） 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关的内容，可能未理解试题要求 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；错误较多，严重影响了对写作内容的理解。 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。 基本信息未能传达给读者。
0分 未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
6. 【2019·浙江卷】
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括:
1.表示感谢；
2.回顾Alex对你的帮助；
3.临别祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来.动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能选漏要点，跑题偏题.本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次.特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化.平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果.
【范文】
Dear Chris,
I am so regretful to know that you are going to return to your home before long. We get along well during your stay in China and you offered me lots of help. I would like to express my gratitude to you for your help with my English. While studying in China, you always spent your free time in helping me polish up my oral English. It is you who shared me with rich knowledge of English and English culture. Never will I forget you and your kindness. It is my hope that you can remember me as often as possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 概要写作 (满分25分)
67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
这是一篇概要类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化，平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果。
【范文】
Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too much, but they can't do the opposite. It is said that what matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. All in all, parents are supposed to praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make.
7. 【2019·江苏卷】
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Li Jiang:Have you heard this？A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our school next month.
Su Hua:Yes，I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony.
Li Jiang:But it seems people have different opinions.
Su Hua:What do you think？
Li Jiang:I think it's a good idea. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students.
Su Hua:I agree. But we don't have to dress that way. That's not our daily style. Besides，it's not very convenient.
Li Jiang:You see. It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion.
Su Hua:I prefer the school uniform. It's nice. It's also a better display of our school culture.

【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Possible version one:
Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month. Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform.
I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting. They come to learn about Chinese culture with their own eyes. Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive. The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour. Secondly, the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years.
The traditional Chinese clothes, it seems to me, will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.
Possible version two:
Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when greeting the British students Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it. We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school. From the design and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school. Besides, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.
So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.

二、2019届模拟题
1.山东省淄博市部分学校2019届高三第三次模拟
假定你是李华，得知你的英国留学生朋友Peter在CCTV举办的《中国诗词大会》(The Chines Poetry Competition)决赛中失利。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 给予安慰和鼓励；
2. 愿意提供帮助。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作思路】
这是一篇应用文中的电子邮件写作。
题目要求假定你是李华，得知你的英国留学生朋友Peter在CCTV举办的《中国诗词大会》(The Chines Poetry Competition)决赛中失利。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1. 给予安慰和鼓励；2. 愿意提供帮助。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般现在时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m sorry to know that you were knocked out in the finals of the Chinese Poetry Competition last week. I’m writing to express my sincere concern for you.
I understand how you are feeling. You made careful preparations in advance and tried your best, so there is nothing to regret. As a saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.” As a matter of fact, you can learn a valuable lesson from this experience. I do hope that you won’t lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese. There are many opportunities to show your talent in the future. If you keep on trying, you are sure to win in the next competition.
Don’t hesitate to let me know if you need further help.
Yours,
Li Hua
【点睛】
这篇电子邮件的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。I’m sorry to know that you were knocked out in the finals of the Chinese Poetry Competition last week.宾语从句的运用；I do hope that you won’t lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese.宾语从句的运用。
2.甘肃省兰州市第一中学2019届高三6月最后高考冲刺模拟
假定你是高三应届毕业生李华，打算毕业后到英国一所大学留学。请用英语致信这所大学询问相关情况，要点包括：
1. 简要介绍你的学习情况：
2. 询问入学要求和你关心的事项（包括英语要求, 入学程序和奖学金）。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作思路】
这是一封咨询信。你作为李华，给大学写信介绍自己的学习情况，询问入学和你关心的事情。因此除了首尾段，中间一段主体部分至少要包含以上两部分内容。本题要点提示简单概括，学生们要结合实际适当发挥。

第1步：审题。确定时态和人称。根据提示：你现在给大学写信介绍自己的学习情况，询问入学和你关心的事情。时态应以一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时为主。
第2步：确定关键词（组），提炼写作要点。如：request more information about (询问关于…更多的信息)，international student entry requirements（国际生入学要求），the English requirements（英语要求），admission procedures (录取程序)，scholarships（奖学金）等。
第3步：对写作要点遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步： 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。符合英语表达习惯，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
This is to request more information about your international student entry requirements for your political science.
I am Li Hua, a Chinese student to graduate from high school with an overall score of 650 out of 750. I am planning to study political science this year at your university. I would be very grateful if you could help me out and let me know about the English requirements, admission procedures and scholarships in your university. If the evidence of high grades in written examination of required or preferable subjects for entry to your course is required, I will provide it for you.
Thanks in advance for any help you can give.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【点睛】
范文内容完整，段落清晰，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。第一段简单句使用了两个介词about/for，将写作目的表达的简单明了，是一个很好的功能句。第二段第三句和第四句使用了两个条件状语从句，委婉的提出了自己的需求和要求。并且这两句的内容发挥也能体现出学生的文化底蕴。文章中还使用了高级词汇“the evidence of high grades”，“an overall score of 650 out of 750”“admission procedures” 等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。且全文语句间过渡自然，为文章增色添彩。
3．湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟（三)
假定你是李华，你班交换生Jim将要参加“学在中国”留学生汉语演讲比赛，来信向你咨询。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐一个演讲话题；
2. 说明推荐的理由；
3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作思路】
本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，你班交换生Jim将要参加“学在中国”留学生汉语演讲比赛，来信向你咨询。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐一个演讲话题；2. 说明推荐的理由；3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； “Studying in China” speech contest（“学在中国”演讲比赛），practical（实用的），maximize（最大化），traditional culture（传统文化）， recommend（建议），real treasure（奇珍异宝），systematically（系统地），impressive（令人印象深刻的），recognition（认可），effectiveness（效果）及fluently（流利地）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to know that you’ll take part in the “Studying in China” speech contest. I’d like to give you some practical suggestions.
I recommend that you talk about the courses on Chinese traditional culture you’ve attended. The major reason is that they introduce the real treasure in human history. Besides, since you’ve taken the courses systematically, you’re sure to have a deep understanding of them. To do it well, I think you should choose impressive examples to gain the recognition of the judges. Moreover, you have to practice your spoken Chinese to express yourself more clearly and fluently. Speaking skills are also needed, for they can help maximize the effectiveness of your speech.
I really hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you a great success.
Yours,
Li Hua

【点睛】
范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有take part in（参加），be sure to do（一定会），have a deep understanding of (对……有深刻的理解) have to（必须）以及would like to（愿意、想要），而且还使用了宾语从句“I’m glad to know that you’ll take part in the “Studying in China” speech contest.”及“I recommend that you talk about the courses on Chinese traditional culture you’ve attended.”，表语从句“The major reason is that they introduce the real treasure in human history.”，状语从句“Besides, since you’ve taken the courses systematically, you’re sure to have a deep understanding of them.”及“Speaking skills are also needed, for they can help maximize the effectiveness of your speech.”，非谓语动词“To do it well, I think you should choose impressive examples to gain the recognition of the judges.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。


4．2015届甘肃民乐县第一中学高三第一次诊断考试
假如你是学生会主席张凡，学校安排你给即将到你校任教的外籍教师Snow推荐一名学生帮手（assistant）。请根据以下要点给他写封推荐信。
1.欢迎Snow的到来
2.推荐李华为学生帮手（高二年级学生，男，17岁，）
3.介绍李华当帮手的优势（电脑，沟通能力，英语水平）
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.不要逐句翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Snow,
I'm Zhang Fan, chairman of the Students' Union. _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Fan
【写作指导】
这是一篇提纲类作文。假如你是学生会主席张凡，学校安排你给即将到你校任教的外籍教师Snow推荐一名学生帮手（assistant）。请根据以下要点给他写封推荐信。1.欢迎Snow的到来2.推荐李华为学生帮手（高二年级学生，男，17岁，）3.介绍李华当帮手的优势（电脑，沟通能力，英语水平）写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型为文章润色。注意词数100左右。
【范文】
Dear Snow,
I'm Zhang Fan, chairman of the Students' Union. It is a pleasure and an honor for me and for the whole school and students to have you teach in our school next semester.
Now, I’d like to recommend Li Hua, a Senior 2 student, aged17, to be your assistant. He is an excellent boy in our school and is worth trusting. He can speak English very fluently as if he was a native Englishman, so you can talk to him freely. Besides, he is able to operate the computer flexibly. This can help you make something like posters. And he will show you his communicating ability as well, which is strength for organizing activities. I hope you can have a pleasant cooperation with Li Hua. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask me.
Looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Fan
【亮点说明】And he will show you his communicating ability as well, which is strength for organizing activities.这里含有一个定语从句；I hope you can have a pleasant cooperation with Li Hua.这里含有一个宾语从句。
考点：提纲类书面表达
5．北京市海淀区2019届高三4月有期中练习（一模)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他暑假将来北京参加“外国人唱中国歌大赛”，希望你为他推荐一首中文歌曲。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐曲目；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 你的祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作思路】
本书面表达是一篇提纲类写作。要求以李华的名义给英国朋友Jim写封电子邮件。
这是一篇书信类作文。写作提要假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他暑假将来北京参加“外国人唱中国歌大赛”，希望你为他推荐一首中文歌曲。请给他回邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐曲目；2. 推荐理由；3. 你的祝愿。我们所要做的就是用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。本作文中给出的要点比较简略，故需要自由发挥的地方较多。需要注意不要偏离文章中心。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合整个文章,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【范文】
Dear Jim,
How is it going? I’m so glad to hear you will come to Beijing and participate in the Chinese Singing Competition for Foreigners this summer vacation. For the song to choose, I highly recommend Moli Hua, Jasmine Flower, which is representative of Chinese folk music.
My recommendation is based on the following reasons. First of all, it enjoys wide popularity, so there’s no doubt it will attract the audience’s attention once you start to sing. Moreover, this song has beautiful melody and simple lyrics, which are relatively easy for you to learn in a short time. At the same time, the soothing tunes will make your learning process pleasant and comfortable. I bet you are bound to stand out among all the competitors.
I sincerely hope my recommendation can be helpful and wish you a wonderful performance. When you come to Beijing, remember to let me know, since I’d like to be there to cheer for you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【点睛】
本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。定语从句：For the song to choose, I highly recommend Moli Hua, Jasmine Flower, which is representative of Chinese folk music.；定语从句的使用：Moreover, this song has beautiful melody and simple lyrics, which are relatively easy for you to learn in a short time
6．四川省棠湖中学2019届高三高考适应性考试
假定你是李华，半年前你的美国朋友David作为交换生曾在你家居住。近期你校要举办以"Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories”为主题的英语征文活动。请写一封邮件邀请他参加。要点如下：
1.截稿时间：2017年4月20日；
2.字数要求：500左右；
3.投稿邮箱：chinesestory2019126.com。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头结尾己给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作思路】
本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。

第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，半年前你的美国朋友David作为交换生曾在你家居住。近期你校要举办以"Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories”为主题的英语征文活动。请写一封邮件邀请他参加。要点如下：1.截稿时间：2017年4月20日;2.字数要求：500左右;3.投稿邮箱：chinesestory2019126.com时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如；theme（主题），enthusiastic（热情的），suitable（合适的），understanding（理解），personal experience（个人经历），article（文章），appreciate（感激）及participation（参与）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【范文】
Dear David,
It has been half a year since you left China. How’s everything going?
Recently, an activity themed “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” will be held in our school. Any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in it. I think you are suitable for the activity, for you used to live here and learned so much about the country. You can write about your understanding of Chinese culture as well as your personal experiences in China. You are expected to write a 500-word article in English. I’d appreciate it if you could mail your article to chinesestory2019126.com before April 20th, 2017.
I’m looking forward to your participation.
Yours.
Li Hua
【点睛】
范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be enthusiastic about（对……有热情），take part in（参加），be suitable for (适合于)，build up（树立），used to（过去常常）以及as well as（也），而且还使用了定语从句“Any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in it.”，状语从句“I think you are suitable for the activity, for you used to live here and learned so much about the country.”，形式宾语“I’d appreciate it if you could mail your article to chinesestory2019126.com before April 20th, 2017.”，非谓语动词“Recently, an activity themed “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” will be held in our school.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
7．北京市通州区2019届高三年级第三次模拟
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“The Last Day of My Senior High Life”为题，用英语写一篇短文向校刊“英语园地”投稿，记述你高中生活的最后一天。
注意：词数不少于60。

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【写作思路】
这是一篇应用文写作。
第1步：根据提示可知，要求写一篇记叙文；假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“The Last Day of My Senior High Life”为题，用英语写一篇短文向校刊“英语园地”投稿，记述你高中生活的最后一天。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：preparing for（准备），the college entrance examination（高考），the group photo（合照），significant（意义重大的）；the alumni book（同学录）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【范文】
The Last Day of My Senior High Life
I spent the last day of my senior high life yesterday.
We had the last class and the whole class was silent. Classmates was busy preparing for the college entrance examination which is also the last examination for us. And then we took the group photo with our dear teachers. It seemed significant because it was the first time we had all been photographed together. In the afternoon，we began to write the alumni book to each student, leaving our best wishes and wishes. Before we left，we cleaned the classroom. The clean and tidy classroom is about to welcome its next batch of students, just as it welcomed us. My high school life is over, but my life has just begun.
【点睛】
范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Classmates was busy preparing for the college entrance examination which is also the last examination for us.运用了定语从句；It seemed significant because it was the first time we had all been photographed together.运用了原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
8．江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月模拟
请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
A post titled“Goodness, what have I done wrong to have to do homework with my kids！” caused a tremendous response in the society.
After millions of views on Sina Weibo, parents flocked to social media to share their own frustrating stories and experiences screaming and shouting their way through homework with their kids.


Now, millions of parents in China are calling for something that China’s tiger mothers would have considered unthinkable only a few years ago - a break from homework.
Education chiefs are already fighting back against challenging workloads, with officials in the eastern Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and also the northern Ningxia province, ruling that homework should not become “parental homework” or be set “above the level of the curriculum or the ability of the student”.
（写作内容）
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2. 用约120个单词谈谈“父母陪孩子做作业”所带来的负面影响，内容包括：
⑴ 父母陪孩子做作业会带来哪些负面影响（至少两点）；
⑵ 结合自身经历或见闻举例说明其负面影响。
（写作要求）
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【写作思路】
本文是一篇任务型写作。
本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：写作内容1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2. 用约120个单词谈谈“父母陪孩子做作业”所带来的负面影响，内容包括：⑴ 父母陪孩子做作业会带来哪些负面影响（至少两点）；⑵ 结合自身经历或见闻举例说明其负面影响。写作要求1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 不必写标题。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【范文】
Millions of Chinese parents roar disapproval at doing homework with kids, after a post strikes a chord with them. In response to it, three provinces have banned schools from setting out parental homework.
I think it’s unnecessary for parents to do so. Doing homework with kids brings bad results, as opposed to doing both parties favors. The more involved in kids’ homework parents are, the more dependent on them the kids are, which will deprive kids of their self-reliance ability as well as independent thinking. What’s worse, not only does it multiply the risk of homework-connected argument but also it puts heavy pressure on kids mentally.
No memory is more painful than that of my primary school, when my mother accompanied me when I did my homework. I was overwhelmed by frustration and insecurity in that once my homework failed to live up to my parents’ expectations, what awaited me was nothing but a scolding, which would trigger a bitter argument. (161 Words)
【点睛】
本文概括全面，覆盖了所有内容，语言简洁。文章要点突出，层次分明，结构严谨，文中使用高级句子。I think it’s unnecessary for parents to do so.句中使用宾语从句；Doing homework with kids brings bad results, as opposed to doing both parties favors.动名词作主语；The more involved in kids’ homework parents are, the more dependent on them the kids are, which will deprive kids of their self-reliance ability as well as independent thinking.比较级和非限制性定语从句完美结合；not only does it multiply the risk of homework-connected argument but also it puts heavy pressure on kids mentally.句中使用部分倒装；No memory is more painful than that of my primary school, when my mother accompanied me when I did my homework.句中使用when引导的时间状语从句。
9．浙江省温州市2019届高三普通高中5月份高考适应性测试
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
High school exit tests are tests that students must pass to graduate from high school. In the last few years. however, a number of states in America have dropped them. Although some states still use them for diplomas, the number is down from a high of 27 states during the testing craze promoted by No Child Left Behind (NCLB).
The appearance of this phenomenon is small wonder. Researches clearly show that exit tests have little positive effects on students. A 2014 report found exit testing was associated with lower graduation rates, negatively affected labor market outcomes, and, most alarmingly, produced a 12.5 percent increase in incarceration( 监禁)rates. Exit exams, the study concluded, had tended to add little value for most students.
Exit testing relies on the following assumptions. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind of “quality control”for high school graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are college ready.The other is that they have predicting value for future success in academic situations.
But there is little evidence. The tests don't exactly measure what they pretend to measure. For example, qualities such as intelligence, academic ability, college readiness are not determined.Those that should be developed in all young people, like responsibility, critical thinking,and empathy (移植),are not measured,either.Even supporters of exit tests have acknowledged that they don't offer reliable data.
Thus, more and more people are suggesting that exit test scores ought to be just one component of the high school diploma. Schools should consider many other records including credits earned, courses taken,activities, service, projects and other elements of academic accomplishment so that students can be evaluated flexibly. In other words, exit test scores should never be the only criterion for high school diplomas.
【写作思路】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在美国，越来越多的州放弃高中学业测试。文章分析了导致这种现象出现的原因以及解决办法。
整篇文章脉络比较清晰：第一段提出一个现象：在美国，越多的州放弃高中结业测试。第二和第三段分析了产生这种现象的原因：高中结业测试对学生没有起到什么积极的作用。它的测试结果没有什么意义。第三段提出结论：学校应该考虑用其他记录来评判学生，结业测试不能成为唯一的标准。考生将每段的主要内容概括在一起，即可得到整篇文章的内容概要。
【范文】
High school exit tests have been cancelled in some states in America in recent years. This is not surprising because studies show they do little good to students. Instead of ensuring college readiness and academic success, they actually don't measure what should be measured. Therefore, exit test scores should only be one part of the standards of high school diplomas.
【点睛】
所给范文清楚明确地概括出了文章的主要内容。语言简练，用词准确。适当运用了一些较好的词汇和句式。例如：cancel；do good to；ensure；academic success；宾语从句（what should be measured）等。
10．浙江省名校协作体2019届高三第二学期联考
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was a Saturday afternoon. The color of the sky was changing, first light gray, then dark gray, and finally dark and dense. The wind was blowing heavily, and the trees were swaying in the strong wind. It began to rain cats and dogs. Soon, the road was filled with puddles from the rain.
On such a stormy afternoon, my mother took my five-year-old brother, Christopher, and me to a new big toy store she had read about in the newspaper. “So many toys,” the advertisement had shouted in full and flashy color, “that we had to get a huge warehouse to fit them all!”
Christopher and I couldn’t have been more excited. We ran across the parking lot, through the cold and biting rain, as fast as our little legs could carry us. We left our mother outside to battle with the frustrating umbrella, which never worked when she wanted it to. “Christine! Take care of your young brother!” Mother shouted at the top of her voice.
“Christine! I’m going to find the Lego section (乐高积木区)! There’s a new pirate ship I want, and I have four dollars! Maybe I can buy it!” Christopher exclaimed and ran off excitedly. I only half heard him. I took a right turn and, to my wide-eyed delight, found myself in the midst of the Barbie (芭比) World.
I was studying a Barbie and doing some simple math in my head when suddenly an earthshaking clap of thunder roared from the storm outside. I jumped at the noise, dropping the doll to the floor. The lights flickered (闪烁) once and died, covering everything in a blanket of blackness. Thunder continued to shake the sky and lightning illuminated the store for seconds, casting frightening shadows on my mind.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
“Oh no,” I thought, “Where’s Christopher?”
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Paragraph2:
“Christine, I’m here.”
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【写作指导】
本文属于续写。
第一段所给首句“Oh no,” I thought, “Where’s Christopher?”，这一句是故事发展的转折点，从作者找哥哥入手，展开叙述。可知想象作者迫切地想见到哥哥，在黑暗的过道里来回跑，见不到哥哥的身影，沮丧和恐惧的泪水顺着脸流下来，但作者还是继续寻找哥哥。无论从和角度拓展，需注意与注意与续写第二段首句呼应。
第二段首句“Christine, I’m here.”这一句是“答语”，呼应前文的找哥哥。作者听到了哥哥的回答，应该是非常兴奋，作者拉着哥哥的手去找妈妈，因为她一定在拼命地找他们。
【范文】
Paragraph 1:
“Oh no,” I thought, “Where’s Christopher?” Scared, I was frozen to the spot, overcome with the need to see my brother, to hug and make certain he was all right. My stomach twisted and turned inside. I ran up and down the aisles through the darkness, panic filling my small chest and making it difficult to breathe. I knocked into displays of candy and tripped over toys, all the while frantically calling my brother’s name. Anxious as I was, I could barely see his figure. Tears of frustration and fear trickled down my face, but I continued to run.
Paragraph2:
“Christine, I’m here.” Excitement took my breath away — there in the dark Lego aisle I found Christopher. He was standing alone, perfectly still, clutching tightly to the pirate ship set. I began to cry out from relief, throwing my arms around him and hugged him tightly. He hugged me back, saying,“I knew if I waited here, Christine, you would be able to find me.” Then, I took his hand in mine and we went to find our mother, who must be desperately searching the store for us.
【点睛】
本文是一篇续写，段落衔接紧密，前后呼应，符合故事情节的发展。同时文中使用高级句子。Anxious as I was, I could barely see his figure.句中使用as引导的让步状语从句；Tears of frustration and fear trickled down my face, but I continued to run.表示转折的并列句；He was standing alone, perfectly still, clutching tightly to the pirate ship set.现在分词作伴随状语；Then, I took his hand in mine and we went to find our mother, who must be desperately searching the store for us.句中使用who引导的定语从句。










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