（人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 1 A land of diversity话题语言应用——“多元文化的美国”写作练习
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| 名称 | （人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 1 A land of diversity话题语言应用——“多元文化的美国”写作练习 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-08-17 16:06:48 | ||
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话题语言应用——多元文化的美国
语言积累
交际用语
1．鼓励别人说话
Cool．太好了！ Good．好！
Really/ Indeed? 真的吗？/哦？真的？ Yes，that’s right．对。
Lucky you! 你真幸运！ Mmm，sounds interesting．嗯，有意思。
That surprises me．真让我吃惊。 That me．没让我吃惊。
Such as? 例如？ Give an example．举个例子。
Is that so? 是那样吗？ Oh I see．噢，我明白了。
Sounds great! 听起来不错呀！ Ah ha! 啊哈！
Gosh，George! 哎呀，乔治！ And what about...? ......怎么样呢？
注意：
1. sound 在此处是系动词，表示“听起来”，后接形容词作表语。
2. 动词surprise意思是“使（某人）吃惊”，surprising表示“令人惊讶的”，表示事物的性质和特点；surprised表示“感到惊讶的”，表示人的感觉。
3. what about也可用how about，接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
2．方向和位置
on the east / west coast 在东/西海岸
to the north / south of USA 在美国以北/南
along the northwest coast of 沿西北海岸
from the west to the east coast 从西海岸到东海岸
in southern China 在中国南部
in San Francisco Bay 在圣弗朗西斯科湾
in southeastern part of California 在加利福尼亚东南部
around the state of California 环加利福尼亚州
near the beach / coast 海滨附近
in the central part 在中心区
go further southeast 深入东南部
in South America 在南美洲
on the Mississippi River 在密西西比河上
not far from the Gulf of Mexico 离墨西哥湾不远
话题语句（1）
1．美国地理概况
Ocean on the east/ west coast：Atlantic Ocean/ Pacific Ocean 东/西海岸：大西洋/太平洋
Country to the north/ south of USA： Canada/ Mexico 美国以北/南：加拿大/墨西哥
Mountains range in the west：Rocky Mountains 西部山脉：落基山脉
Great Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario
五大湖：苏必利尔湖、密歇根湖、休伦湖、伊利湖和安大略湖
Longest river in the USA: Mississippi River 美国最长的河流：密西西比河
2. Important cities 重要城市
New York (Big Apple) 纽约 Los Angeles 洛杉矶 San Francisco 旧金山
Chicago 芝加哥 New Orleans 新奥尔良 Boston 波士顿
Washington D.C.（capital of the USA）华盛顿特区（美国首都）
3. Nicknames for some of 50 states of the USA美国部分州郡的别名
加利福尼亚(California): 黄金州(Golden State)
阿拉斯加(Alaska): 午夜出太阳之乡(Land of Midnight Sun)；最后的边疆(the Last Frontier)；
半岛州(Peninsula State)
宾夕法尼亚(Pennsylvania): 基石州(Keystone State)
得克萨斯(Texas): 孤星州(Lone Star State)
佛罗里达(Florida): 阳光州(Sunshine State)
弗吉尼亚(Virginia): 总统的母亲(Mother of Presidents)；骑兵州(Cavalier State)；
华盛顿(Washington): 奇努克州(Chinook State)；常青州(Evergreen State)
肯塔基(Kentucky): 六月禾州(Bluegrass State)
密苏里(Missouri): 别哄我州(Show-Me State)
密执安(Michigan): 貂熊州(Wolverine State)
纽约(New York): 帝国州(Empire State)
夏威夷(Hawaii): 太平洋上的天堂(Paradise of Pacific)；阿洛哈州(Aloha State)
新泽西(New Jersey): 花园州(Garden State)
话题语句（2）
1. About California加州简介
Lying on the Pacific Ocean, California is on the west coast of the United States, which is diverse in topography(地形), climate and ecological environment. It has an area of 411 square kilometers, and it is one of the US states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Meanwhile, its pleasant weather, long beaches, and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous (繁荣的). Its capital Los Angeles is California’s largest and the nation’s second largest city.
要点提示：
lie (lying) 位于 diverse 多种多样的 ecological 生态的 graceful 优美的
landscape 风景
2. Immigrants移民
Native Americans 美洲土著人 Indians 印第安人 the Spanish 西班牙人
Russians 俄罗斯人 gold miners 金矿工 Italians 意大利人
the Danish丹麦人（Denmark丹麦） Jewish 犹太人 Cambodians 柬埔寨人
Koreans 韩国/朝鲜人（Korea 韩国，朝鲜） Vietnamese 越南人
Pakistanis 巴基斯坦人 Europeans 欧洲人
1) Native American Indians — one of the first people to live in California.
2) Gold miners — the discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California.
3) Chinatown, San Francisco — Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco.
3. Why is California such a multicultural community?
The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, Native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavor (特色). Problems that might arise include intercultural conflict or competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.
要点提示：
intercultural conflict 不同文化间的冲突 discrimination 歧视
to the credit 值得赞扬，为某人增光
4. About travelling
go straight to hotel and drop luggage, then go exploring
径直去了旅馆，放下行李，然后去观光
ride on a cable car 坐缆车
visit Fisherman’s Wharf/ the prison 游览渔人码头/监狱
team up with a couple from hotel and hire a car
同旅馆里的一对夫妻作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车
spend all day driving around the city 一整天驱车游览城市
take ferry to Angel Island 坐渡船去了天使岛
have a good view of Golden Gate Bridge 观赏了金门大桥
admire the view of the city from different angles 从不同角度欣赏城市风景
have a really good idea of what the city’s like 对城市的面貌有了一个好的了解
share the cost 分担费用
enjoy being in the company of other tourists 喜欢别的游客的陪伴
话题语句（3）
【Living well 语言应用】
A Brief History of U.S. Immigration
The United States was created by successive (连续的) waves of immigration from all corners of the globe.? But public and political attitudes towards immigrants have always been contradictory and sometimes hostile（敌对的）.?The early immigrants to colonial（殖民地的）America—from England, France, Germany, and other countries in northwestern Europe—came in search of economic opportunity and political freedom, yet they often relied upon the labor of African slaves working the land taken from Native Americans.? ①The descendants (后代) of these first European immigrants sometimes viewed as “racially” and religiously suspect the European immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s from Italy, Poland, Russia, and elsewhere in southeastern Europe.?The descendants of these immigrants, in turn, have often taken a dim view of (对……不以为然) the growing numbers of Latin American, Asian, and African immigrants who began to arrive in the second half of the 20th?century.
要点提示：
contradictory矛盾的（contradict 反驳，与......抵触） in search of 寻找
view... as 认为......是 suspect adj. 令人怀疑的 Poland 波兰
in turn 轮流地，转而
句①的谓语动词是viewed，宾语是the European immigrants who...
Today, Just about every family in the United States has at least one member, now or in the past, who came from another country. Even American Indians may have immigrant ancestors through marriage.
The United States is one of the few industrial countries with a growing population. The main reason is immigration.
Today America has just over three hundred million people. A new report says if current growth rates continue, the nation will have four hundred thirty-eight million in two thousand fifty.
Now immigrants are moving beyond big states like California, Texas or New York. They are settling all across the country, in big cities as well as small towns. These new residents are bringing cultural changes to many areas. Some of these changes are welcome, others are not.
American immigration history presents a pattern of history repeating itself. Hard times or conflict in other countries lead people to seek a better life in America. When groups of Americans begin to feel threatened, the federal government moves to restrict immigration.
要点提示：
ancestors祖先 current growth rate 现在的增长率 two thousand fifty 2050年
resident 定居的；居民 beyond 超出 threaten 威胁 restrict 限制
Chinese Exclusion Act 排华法案
The first restrictive immigration laws were directed against Asian countries. The first law was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This law essentially prohibited the immigration of Chinese citizens and it stayed in effect until it was removed during World War II.
In 1907, Japanese immigration was substantially (大体上) reduced through a Gentlemen’s Agreement between Japan and the United States. It is noteworthy (值得注意的) that the Chinese Exclusion Act also prohibited the immigration of “convicts (罪犯), lunatics (疯子), idiots” and those individuals who might need to be supported by government assistance.
要点提示：
prohibit 禁止 citizen 公民，国民 in effect 在实施中，有效 ■
话题语句（4）
有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1. 如果你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
This _______________ is not surprising when you know the history of California.
2. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America ______ _______ a land bridge which _______________.
3. 两个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
Two ________ later, the Spanish had _________ most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of ________ we call the United States.
4. 在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。
_________________, Russian hunters, who had _________ gone to Alaska, began settling in California.
5.许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。
Some died or returned home, but most _______ in California to ___________ for themselves _______________.
6. 世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。
People from different parts of the world, ___________ the climate and the ________, still __________ to California.
7. 人们认为，用不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
It ____________ before long the _______________ will be so great that there will be no _____
__________ or cultural groups, but simply a ______________ and cultures.
8. 有一条专为游客选定的有趣的驾车游路线。
There’s a __________________________ for tourists.
9. 这是一次往返79千米的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
It’s a 79 km _________ that ________ all the famous __________.
10. 从1882年至1940年，天使岛成为一个著名的移民站，许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。
From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous __________ station ________ many Chinese people ___________ live in the USA.
11. 悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。
Their ________ stay seemed to be punishment ________________ and freedom to them.
12. 1940年民政部门改革了制度，使得更多的中国人能够得到机会定居美国。
In 1940 the _______________________ so that many more Chinese people were able to ____ ____________ settling in the USA.
参考答案：
1. diversity of culture
2. by means of; existed in prehistoric times
3. centuries; settled in; what
4. In the early 1800s; originally
5. remained; make a life; despite great hardship
6. attracted by; lifestyle; immigrate
7. is believed that; mix of nationalities; distinct major racial; mixture of many races
8. fascinating drive marked out
9. round-trip; takes in; tourist spots
10. immigration; where; applied for right to
11. miserable; rather than justice
12. civil authorities reformed the system; grasp the opportunity of
写作运用
景点旅游描述
描述一个地方，就是要把这个地方的地理位置、历史、人口、风俗及（历史）地位等方面展示给读者，使读者对所描述的地方有一个全面的了解。
1. 明确短文的类型：游记通常为记叙文，常用一般现在时和过去时。
2. 明确主题：简单介绍目的地名称、地点、天气、最有特色之处及旅行中的特色活动、人文知识等。
3. 景点的具体旅游项目。
典型词句：
位置：be located in; be situated in
There stands / lies…
lies on the (eastern) coast of
lie in / to / on / off the east of…
注意：1）in 在某个范围之内 2）to 在某个范围之外 3）on表示“接壤、毗邻”
4）off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”
人口：have/with a population of...
the population of … is…
… percent of the population are…
面积：cover/have/with an area of...
take up
the area/size of… is…
组成：be made up of / consist of
环境：with green hills and beautiful rivers
be surrounded by green trees and beautiful flowers
气候：neither too cold nor too hot
the climate varies from place to place
enjoy a warm and wet climate
特色：be famous/well-known/ distinguished for...
have the distinction of…
the special character of the place is…
is home to
名胜景观：a place with many tourist attractions
places of interest/scenic spots
have/get a good/fantastic view of…
写作范文
Example 1
假如你是李华。你前几天和父母一起去北京旅游了。请你给你的美国朋友马克写一封电子邮件介绍一下这次旅游。
要点如下：
1. 参观了许多景点，如故宫、长城、鸟巢、水立方等；
2. 简要介绍其中的两处景点。
参考范文：
Dear Mark,
I went on a trip to Beijing with my parents recently. It was great! We visited many places of interest, such as the Palace Museum, the Great Wall, the Bird’s Nest, the Water Cube, and so on. They made me proud to be a Chinese.
In particular, I want to tell you about the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. They were built in ancient times. The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. There are many antiques in the palace which represent great Chinese culture. And the Great Wall is a famous wonder of the world, and is very old and long. It is made of millions of bricks. Each brick is very big and heavy. Lots of people from different countries like to climb the Great Wall.
I really enjoyed the trip to Beijing. If you want to know more about those great places of interest, you can go to Beijing and have a look.
Yours,
Li Hua
Example 2
假如你是一名导游，你正带外国游客游览成都，在车上请简要向游客介绍一下成都。主要内容如下：
1. 位于四川盆地西部，成都平原中部；面积约1.2万平方公里，人口1,100多万；
2. 四川省的政治、经济、文教中心；
3. 以茶馆和茶文化著称；
4. 最为著名的是成都动物园的大熊猫；
5. 旅游业发达，每年接待数百万来自世界各地的游客。
参考词汇：四川盆地 Sichuan Basin 成都平原 Chengdu Plain
参考范文：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.
Located in the west of Sichuan Basin and in the center of Chengdu Plain, Chengdu covers a total area of about 12 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 11 million. As a capital city, it’s also the political, economical, cultural and educational culture, and you can see many tea shops here. The most famous is giant pandas. You can see the lovely pandas at Chengdu Zoo.
Chengdu is a city with rich tourism resources; it attracts millions of people from all over the world every year.
Wish you have a good time here!
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Thoughts can also be expressed___________ music.
A. through means of B. by way of C. with the method of D. by means of
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
3. If you are on holiday on election day, you may ________ a postal vote.
A．apply to B．apply for C．approve of D．approve
4. The agreement indicates that the two companies will ______ with each other again.
A．team up B．turn up C．look up D．pick up
5. －Sunny day, isn’t it? －Let’s hope the sunny weather ______ for Saturday’s tennis match.
A．carries on B．moves on C．keeps up D．goes up
6. Some of the best pupils have been ________ for special training. They will set off for the training place next week.
A．stretched out B．marked out C．left out D．stood out
7. ---What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.
---This is ____ each year a great number of people from all over the world try to ____ to California.
A. how; immigrate B. why; immigrate C. because; remove D. why; remove
8. Trademarks are words, names or symbols that identify the producer of a product and ________ it from similar goods of others.
A. defend B. protect C. distinguish D. break
The company is starting a new advertising campaign to _________ new customers to its stores.
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer
10. People’s character ________ greatly from one to another, which accounts for the ________ of different behaviors in the same situation, without which behaviors would become uniform and the world would be less colourful.
A. changes; variety B. alters; diversity C. varies; differences D. varies; diversity
11. I’m very glad that you come and see our new house when we have settled _________.
A. in B. to C. down D. On
12. ________, Jack finished all the work ahead of time.
A．To his credit B．As his credit C．For his credit D．With his credit
13. A ________ of opinions arose over technical questions.
A．conflict B．war C．fight D．battle
14. My father served in the army in __________ when he was in __________.
A. 1950’s; twenties B. the 1950’s; his twenties
C. the 1950’s; the twenties D. 1950’s; the twenties
15. ________ the fact that too much fat can be harmful, a moderate amount of fat is actually essential to the maintenance of good health.
A. Given B. Considering C. Regardless D. Despite
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
My husband and I were shopping in Walmart on the evening of Jan．23． 1 the store my husband looked up and said there goes a peregrine falcon(游隼)．I said，“What?” He told me to 2 and watch．Sure enough I saw a large bird go flying by．
As we walked around the 3 in search of the bird，there it sat high above the electronics department in the 4 beams．It only paused a second and off it went again．
We asked the ladies 5 in that department if anyone was trying to 6 the bird and told them what it was．We were not sure if it was 7 on the endangered list，but being a bird of prey we knew that it was a 8 bird．We asked a manager in the store about their 9 to acquire the bird and release it．We were told that upper 10 knew about the bird and they were not sure what was being done．I could not let it 11 at that，so I called the corporate office in Arkansas．Tiffany took the 12 along with my name and phone number．She said I could call back and 13 the status of the case．I begged her not to 14 while the paper trail went cold in the works．I 15 that something needed to be done now or the bird would 16 after getting stressed with it being in the store all day．
Late that afternoon, I received a call from our 17 store．It was Matt telling me they hired an outside 18 to come in to capture the bird and release it．They told him they were 19 that he did because it is a fine of $10,000 and 20 a six-month stay in jail if they tried to capture it or killed it．
1．A．Entering B．Reaching C．Searching D．Struggling
2．A．clean up B．stay up C．give up D．look up
3．A．room B．street C．store D．forest
4．A．tree B．metal C．bamboo D．light
5．A．standing B．buying C．working D．playing
6．A．feed B．catch C．eat D．cook
7．A．still B．yet C．then D．ever
8．A．cared B．killed C．blamed D．protected
9．A．opinion B．advice C．plan D．view
10．A．management B．customers C．assistants D．passengers
11．A．stay B．go C．live D．keep
12．A．content B．news C．information D．message
13．A．interview B．discuss C．inspect D．check
14．A．wait B．stop C．lie D．envy
15．A．concerned B．explained C．expressed D．hoped
16．A．escape B．fly C．die D．hurt
17．A．faraway B．near C．remote D．local
18．A．army B．group C．hunter D．police
19．A．glad B．worried C．curious D．upset
20．A．surely B．possibly C．regularly D．variously
三、阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stop eating yourself stupid
We all know that poor nutrition can lead to bad health and even weight gain． 1 A recent study has found that what you eat could very likely play a role in how smart you are．
According to the study，rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 days showed signs of weakness and even had trouble finding treats that were waiting for them． 2 Actually high-fat diet could weaken our intelligence—but so can a calorie-restricted diet．The trick appears to lie in finding a nice balance．
Here are ways to achieve that happy balance and make you smarter through diet，exercise and improving your brain power．
3 Aim to get this amount of calories each day．If you need to drop a few pounds，take away the number you get by 400 calories；consume that number of calories each day until you drop the weight．
Eat the right foods in addition to getting the right amount of calories．Aim for healthy foods that include good amounts of protein，fiber，fruits and vegetables，healthy whole grains，healthy fats and plenty of water．Well! 4 Read a book．Try a new recipe．Do some puzzles．These are all good ways to help increase your smarts．
5 Aim for at least three 30-minute sessions a week．I like simple exercises such as walking，but anything that raises the heart rate is good．You may be fond of music too．Combine them! Some people like to listen to classical music such as Bach or Mozart，but rock music lovers will be happy to learn that this genre can help make you smarter as well．
A．Exercise regularly with happy mind forever．
B．Your health depends on your exercise plan．
C．Don’t forget to exercise your mind while doing so．
D．Now add “lack of intelligence” to the growing list．
E．You may be puzzled whether it has something with us．
F．Remember：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．
G．Figure out how many calories you need to maintain your weight．
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ___1___ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ___2___ too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, ___3___ not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very ___4___ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guests, ___5___ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect ___7___ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t ___8___ (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only ___9___ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always ___10___ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
（2）
A man spoke with the Lord about heaven and hell. The Lord said to the man, “Come, I will show you hell.” They entered a room ___1___ a group of people sat around a huge pot of meat. Everyone was skinny, desperate and starving. Each ___2___(hold) a spoon that could reach the pot, but each spoon had a handle so much longer ___3___ their own arms ___4___ it could not be used to get the stew into their own mouths. The suffering was terrible.
“Come, now I will show you ___5___.” The Lord said after a while. They entered another room, similar ___6___ the first—the pot of meat, the group of people, the same long-handle spoons. ___7___ there everyone was happy, healthy and satisfied.
“I don’t understand,” said the man. “___8___ are they happy here when they were miserable in the other room and everything was the ___9___?” The Lord smiled. “Ah, it is simple,” he said. “Here they have learned to feed each ___10___.”
五、书面表达
假如你是李华。目前正与家人在广西阳朔度假。请你根据以下要点提示，在入住的宾馆给你的朋友刘欣写一封电子邮件，谈谈你在那里的见闻和感受。
1. 阳朔因其自然美景闻名天下，其令人心旷神怡的美和深厚的传统文化给你留下了深刻的印象；
2. 随处可见到来自五湖四海的朋友，很多店主都会用英语与外国友人交流；
3. 你还要在这里多待两天，在离开阳朔前会给朋友们寄一些明信片。
必须使用5个句子表达全部所给内容。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。by means of 借助于；表示“通过某种手段”，way通常与in搭配。method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”不合题意。
2. A。第一空what引导表语从句，表示“......的样子”，在从句中作表语；第二空when引导的非限制性定语从句，when代替20 years ago在从句中作时间状语。
3. B。考查apply短语的用法。apply for申请。句意：如果选举日那天你在度假，你可以申请用邮寄方法投票。apply to 应用于；approve of 赞成；approve 批准，通过。
4. A。考查动词短语辨析。A项表示“与……合作”，符合句意。B项表示“出现；到达”；C项表示“向上看；查寻”；D项表示“捡起，接收”，均不合题意。
5. C。考查动词短语的辨析。keep up保持，继续，符合语意“希望好天气保持到星期六的网球比赛”。carry on继承；move on继续进行；go up上升，增长。
6. B。句意：已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。他们下周出发去训练地。mark out 画线标出，选出；stretch out 伸出，够供给； leave out 遗漏；stand out 脱颖而出，显眼。注意空白处是被动语态。
B。句意：这就是每年许多来自世界各地的人移民来加利福尼亚的原因。第一空why引导 表语从句；immigrate 移民，移入；remove 指把某物从某处移走。
8. C。distinguish...from 使......有别于......，符合句意。defend... from 保卫，防卫；protect... from 保护，使免受；break away from 与......决裂，挣脱。
9. B。考查动词词义辨析。join 参加，结合，加入；attract 吸引；stick 粘贴，插入；transfer 迁移，调任，转移。句意：这家公司正展开新的广告战来吸引新顾客到他们的商店。
10. D。句意：人们的性格彼此大有不同，这就解释了在同样情况下人们举止的不同了，否则人们的行为都一样，世界也就不会这样多姿多彩了。第一空填动词vary，表示“不同”；第二空填diversity，表示“多样性”，因为这里表示的“呈现的行为的多样性”这种状态，而不是具体的不同之处，所以不用复数的differences。
11. A。根据句意应为“搬进新居后安顿下来”，所以用settle in。
12. A。to one’s credit为……带来荣誉，在……名下，值得赞扬的是。
13. A。句意：在技术问题上产生了意见的冲突。conflict 冲突，抵触，争论；war 战争；fight 战斗，打架；battle 战斗，战役。
14. B。in the 1950’s 在20世纪50年代；in one’s twenties 在某人20多岁时。serve in the army 在军队服役。
15. D。句意：尽管太多的脂肪可能是有害的，适度的数量实际上对保持健康是必要的。Despite 尽管；Given 假如，考虑到；Considering 考虑到；Regardless 不管怎样。
二、完形填空
1．A。上文提到买东西，可知此处为“进入”商店，故选项A符合题意。
2．D。从上文可知丈夫抬头看到一只游隼可知，丈夫告诉作者向上看，故选项D符合题意。
3．C。从上下文可知作者与丈夫在商店看到的这只游隼，故此处为在“商店”寻找这只鸟，故选项C符合题意。
4．B。从上文描述的游隼落在高高的电子器件部的上方，可知应该为“金属”横梁，故选项B符合题意。
5．C。从生活经验可知那个部门的女士们应该在那里“工作”，故选项C符合题意。
6．B。从此处作者与丈夫的问话并联系下文可知，问的应该为“是否有人在捉鸟”，故选项B符合题意。
7．A。从此处语境分析他们对游隼到底还是不是濒临灭绝的动物拿不准，故此处为“仍然，还是”，选项A符合题意。
8．D。虽然拿不准这种动物是否为濒临灭绝的动物，但是这应该是一只“受保护”的鸟。
9．C。此处语境应该是他们在询问商店经理的打算，故答案C符合题意。
10．A。此处他们问部门经理的打算，但他不确定做什么，因为上级领导知道这只鸟，“管理”与领导吻合，故选项A符合题意。
11．B。从此处作者描述到的情况再结合上文内容，可知作者弄不准这只鸟的情况，也没有从部门经理那里弄清如何处置这只鸟，故此处作者不想就那样算了，故选项B符合题意。
12．C。上文作者向the corporate (社团的) office in Arkansas反映这只鸟的情况，此处Tiffany记下了作者的姓名、电话号码，这些均为一个人的“信息”，故选项C合适。
13．D。从此处作者反映的情况，对方给出的答复为可以打回电话“核实”了解这种事情的进展，故选项D符合题意。
14．A。从此处作者的心情可知作者迫切地希望这事得到解决，联系此处while the paper trail （纸质跟踪）went cold in the works（所有的事）可知作者的意思是不要等，马上去办，故选项A符合题意。
15．B。从上文作者提到作者对这事的重视，联系此处something needed to be done now可知，作者对上文自己的意思做了“解释”，故选项B符合题意。
16．C。从此处语境分析作者担心鸟的安全，在这种整天紧张的情况下，鸟会“死”符合生活常识，故选项C合适。
17．D。从此处作者提到的our可知作者收到的电话是来自于“当地的”商店，故选项D符合题意。
18．B。上文作者把这种鸟的情况反映给the corporate office in Arkansas再联系下文基本按照作者告诉的来做的，故可以推出是找的外边的保护鸟的“组织”，故选项B符合题意。
19．A。从下文作者提到的他们按照作者的要求采取了正确的做法，结果免受了$10000的罚金，由此可知应该是“高兴”，故选项A符合题意。
20．B。从if they tried to capture（俘获）it or killed it这个假设性的句子可知此处指一种“可能”的结果，故选项B符合题意。
三、阅读理解
1．D。第一句话说了人们比较熟悉的情况：营养不良对健康有害还会使人变胖，而本句是要告诉大家鲜为人知的方面，那就是营养不良对智商也有害，引出下一句的最新发现也就是本文的中心，故选D。
2．E。第一句用老鼠做实验发现让老鼠连续吃10天高脂肪的食物它们就看上去很虚弱，甚至很难发现奖励给它们的东西。你可能会疑惑这和人的饮食有什么关系，下一句就是对你的疑惑的解释，故选E。
3．G。这是所给建议里的第一条，是关于减肥的建议，G里的figure out和下一句里的Aim to get this amount of calories也吻合。
4．C。本段将两个建议结合在一起，前面说明身体方面的身体营养方面，而下文说明是如何营养头脑智力方面，C句把上下文结合在一起。干扰项是A，A表达的意思是带着好心情轻松运动，只说明了锻炼的方式。
5．A。本段是关于通过轻松锻炼来使效果更明显的内容。本段讲了把快乐心情带到健康生活里去。干扰项是B，B里虽然说到了exercise，但是没有体现出本段的happiness．
四、语法填空
（1）
1. found。考查时态语态。“invited”用一般过去时。由Suddenly可知，found与其时间一致，用found；
2. nor。考查固定搭配，表示“既不…也不…”，用“neither……nor……”。
3.。考查句意理解。该句“？”告知句子有疑问，前文中出现why提示表示”为什么”之意，用why。
4. reasonable。考查词性转化。“thing”需一个形容词修饰，very也只能修饰形容词，故用reasonable。
5. who。考查定语从句关系代词。从句不完整，指代前面“guests”，指人，用who。
6. at。考查固定介词短语与price搭配，表示“以更低价格”用 at a lower price，故用at。
7. for。考查介词短语搭配。表示“对某事表示尊重”，用show respect for sth.。故用for。
8. possibly。考查词性转化。提示词修饰动词“destroy”，用副词，故用possibly。
9. a。考查冠词。amount为单数可数名词，用a，构成短语a(an)… amount of ……数量的。
10. thinking。考查非谓语做伴随状语。居中有added做谓语，与此同时做着什么事情，故用thinking。
（2）
1. where。空格后为一个定语从句，用以修饰名词room；由于先行词在从句中表地点，用where来引导定语从句。
2. held。根据上下文可知，此句应用一般过去时。
3. than。根据其前的longer可知。
4. that。此处的that与前面的so构成so…that…句式。
5. heaven。根据第一句A man spoke with the Lord about heaven and hell可知，前面看过了hell，所以现在要去看heaven。
6. to。similar to为英语惯用搭配，意为“与……相似”。
7. But。前后意思转折，位于句首用But，注意如用However，后面多加逗号。
8. Why。询问原因，故用why。
9. same。根据上下文可知，此处填same，与前面出现的similar呼应。
10. other。与each构成搭配，feed each other 意为“彼此喂食”。
五、书面表达
Dear Liu Xin,
Now I’m on holiday with my family in Yangshuo, Guangxi. I knew Yangshuo was well-known for its natural scenery before I came here, but I am still amazed at its breathtaking beauty and impressed by its local traditional culture. Here you can meet friends from all over the world. It is not surprising that many shopkeepers communicate with foreigners in English.
To experience more local customs and enjoy the beauty of nature, we have decided to stay for another two days. I will post some postcards to my friends, including you of course, before I leave here.
Yours,
Li Hua
语言积累
交际用语
1．鼓励别人说话
Cool．太好了！ Good．好！
Really/ Indeed? 真的吗？/哦？真的？ Yes，that’s right．对。
Lucky you! 你真幸运！ Mmm，sounds interesting．嗯，有意思。
That surprises me．真让我吃惊。 That me．没让我吃惊。
Such as? 例如？ Give an example．举个例子。
Is that so? 是那样吗？ Oh I see．噢，我明白了。
Sounds great! 听起来不错呀！ Ah ha! 啊哈！
Gosh，George! 哎呀，乔治！ And what about...? ......怎么样呢？
注意：
1. sound 在此处是系动词，表示“听起来”，后接形容词作表语。
2. 动词surprise意思是“使（某人）吃惊”，surprising表示“令人惊讶的”，表示事物的性质和特点；surprised表示“感到惊讶的”，表示人的感觉。
3. what about也可用how about，接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
2．方向和位置
on the east / west coast 在东/西海岸
to the north / south of USA 在美国以北/南
along the northwest coast of 沿西北海岸
from the west to the east coast 从西海岸到东海岸
in southern China 在中国南部
in San Francisco Bay 在圣弗朗西斯科湾
in southeastern part of California 在加利福尼亚东南部
around the state of California 环加利福尼亚州
near the beach / coast 海滨附近
in the central part 在中心区
go further southeast 深入东南部
in South America 在南美洲
on the Mississippi River 在密西西比河上
not far from the Gulf of Mexico 离墨西哥湾不远
话题语句（1）
1．美国地理概况
Ocean on the east/ west coast：Atlantic Ocean/ Pacific Ocean 东/西海岸：大西洋/太平洋
Country to the north/ south of USA： Canada/ Mexico 美国以北/南：加拿大/墨西哥
Mountains range in the west：Rocky Mountains 西部山脉：落基山脉
Great Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario
五大湖：苏必利尔湖、密歇根湖、休伦湖、伊利湖和安大略湖
Longest river in the USA: Mississippi River 美国最长的河流：密西西比河
2. Important cities 重要城市
New York (Big Apple) 纽约 Los Angeles 洛杉矶 San Francisco 旧金山
Chicago 芝加哥 New Orleans 新奥尔良 Boston 波士顿
Washington D.C.（capital of the USA）华盛顿特区（美国首都）
3. Nicknames for some of 50 states of the USA美国部分州郡的别名
加利福尼亚(California): 黄金州(Golden State)
阿拉斯加(Alaska): 午夜出太阳之乡(Land of Midnight Sun)；最后的边疆(the Last Frontier)；
半岛州(Peninsula State)
宾夕法尼亚(Pennsylvania): 基石州(Keystone State)
得克萨斯(Texas): 孤星州(Lone Star State)
佛罗里达(Florida): 阳光州(Sunshine State)
弗吉尼亚(Virginia): 总统的母亲(Mother of Presidents)；骑兵州(Cavalier State)；
华盛顿(Washington): 奇努克州(Chinook State)；常青州(Evergreen State)
肯塔基(Kentucky): 六月禾州(Bluegrass State)
密苏里(Missouri): 别哄我州(Show-Me State)
密执安(Michigan): 貂熊州(Wolverine State)
纽约(New York): 帝国州(Empire State)
夏威夷(Hawaii): 太平洋上的天堂(Paradise of Pacific)；阿洛哈州(Aloha State)
新泽西(New Jersey): 花园州(Garden State)
话题语句（2）
1. About California加州简介
Lying on the Pacific Ocean, California is on the west coast of the United States, which is diverse in topography(地形), climate and ecological environment. It has an area of 411 square kilometers, and it is one of the US states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Meanwhile, its pleasant weather, long beaches, and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous (繁荣的). Its capital Los Angeles is California’s largest and the nation’s second largest city.
要点提示：
lie (lying) 位于 diverse 多种多样的 ecological 生态的 graceful 优美的
landscape 风景
2. Immigrants移民
Native Americans 美洲土著人 Indians 印第安人 the Spanish 西班牙人
Russians 俄罗斯人 gold miners 金矿工 Italians 意大利人
the Danish丹麦人（Denmark丹麦） Jewish 犹太人 Cambodians 柬埔寨人
Koreans 韩国/朝鲜人（Korea 韩国，朝鲜） Vietnamese 越南人
Pakistanis 巴基斯坦人 Europeans 欧洲人
1) Native American Indians — one of the first people to live in California.
2) Gold miners — the discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California.
3) Chinatown, San Francisco — Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco.
3. Why is California such a multicultural community?
The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, Native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavor (特色). Problems that might arise include intercultural conflict or competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.
要点提示：
intercultural conflict 不同文化间的冲突 discrimination 歧视
to the credit 值得赞扬，为某人增光
4. About travelling
go straight to hotel and drop luggage, then go exploring
径直去了旅馆，放下行李，然后去观光
ride on a cable car 坐缆车
visit Fisherman’s Wharf/ the prison 游览渔人码头/监狱
team up with a couple from hotel and hire a car
同旅馆里的一对夫妻作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车
spend all day driving around the city 一整天驱车游览城市
take ferry to Angel Island 坐渡船去了天使岛
have a good view of Golden Gate Bridge 观赏了金门大桥
admire the view of the city from different angles 从不同角度欣赏城市风景
have a really good idea of what the city’s like 对城市的面貌有了一个好的了解
share the cost 分担费用
enjoy being in the company of other tourists 喜欢别的游客的陪伴
话题语句（3）
【Living well 语言应用】
A Brief History of U.S. Immigration
The United States was created by successive (连续的) waves of immigration from all corners of the globe.? But public and political attitudes towards immigrants have always been contradictory and sometimes hostile（敌对的）.?The early immigrants to colonial（殖民地的）America—from England, France, Germany, and other countries in northwestern Europe—came in search of economic opportunity and political freedom, yet they often relied upon the labor of African slaves working the land taken from Native Americans.? ①The descendants (后代) of these first European immigrants sometimes viewed as “racially” and religiously suspect the European immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s from Italy, Poland, Russia, and elsewhere in southeastern Europe.?The descendants of these immigrants, in turn, have often taken a dim view of (对……不以为然) the growing numbers of Latin American, Asian, and African immigrants who began to arrive in the second half of the 20th?century.
要点提示：
contradictory矛盾的（contradict 反驳，与......抵触） in search of 寻找
view... as 认为......是 suspect adj. 令人怀疑的 Poland 波兰
in turn 轮流地，转而
句①的谓语动词是viewed，宾语是the European immigrants who...
Today, Just about every family in the United States has at least one member, now or in the past, who came from another country. Even American Indians may have immigrant ancestors through marriage.
The United States is one of the few industrial countries with a growing population. The main reason is immigration.
Today America has just over three hundred million people. A new report says if current growth rates continue, the nation will have four hundred thirty-eight million in two thousand fifty.
Now immigrants are moving beyond big states like California, Texas or New York. They are settling all across the country, in big cities as well as small towns. These new residents are bringing cultural changes to many areas. Some of these changes are welcome, others are not.
American immigration history presents a pattern of history repeating itself. Hard times or conflict in other countries lead people to seek a better life in America. When groups of Americans begin to feel threatened, the federal government moves to restrict immigration.
要点提示：
ancestors祖先 current growth rate 现在的增长率 two thousand fifty 2050年
resident 定居的；居民 beyond 超出 threaten 威胁 restrict 限制
Chinese Exclusion Act 排华法案
The first restrictive immigration laws were directed against Asian countries. The first law was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This law essentially prohibited the immigration of Chinese citizens and it stayed in effect until it was removed during World War II.
In 1907, Japanese immigration was substantially (大体上) reduced through a Gentlemen’s Agreement between Japan and the United States. It is noteworthy (值得注意的) that the Chinese Exclusion Act also prohibited the immigration of “convicts (罪犯), lunatics (疯子), idiots” and those individuals who might need to be supported by government assistance.
要点提示：
prohibit 禁止 citizen 公民，国民 in effect 在实施中，有效 ■
话题语句（4）
有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1. 如果你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
This _______________ is not surprising when you know the history of California.
2. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America ______ _______ a land bridge which _______________.
3. 两个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
Two ________ later, the Spanish had _________ most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of ________ we call the United States.
4. 在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。
_________________, Russian hunters, who had _________ gone to Alaska, began settling in California.
5.许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。
Some died or returned home, but most _______ in California to ___________ for themselves _______________.
6. 世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。
People from different parts of the world, ___________ the climate and the ________, still __________ to California.
7. 人们认为，用不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
It ____________ before long the _______________ will be so great that there will be no _____
__________ or cultural groups, but simply a ______________ and cultures.
8. 有一条专为游客选定的有趣的驾车游路线。
There’s a __________________________ for tourists.
9. 这是一次往返79千米的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
It’s a 79 km _________ that ________ all the famous __________.
10. 从1882年至1940年，天使岛成为一个著名的移民站，许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。
From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous __________ station ________ many Chinese people ___________ live in the USA.
11. 悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。
Their ________ stay seemed to be punishment ________________ and freedom to them.
12. 1940年民政部门改革了制度，使得更多的中国人能够得到机会定居美国。
In 1940 the _______________________ so that many more Chinese people were able to ____ ____________ settling in the USA.
参考答案：
1. diversity of culture
2. by means of; existed in prehistoric times
3. centuries; settled in; what
4. In the early 1800s; originally
5. remained; make a life; despite great hardship
6. attracted by; lifestyle; immigrate
7. is believed that; mix of nationalities; distinct major racial; mixture of many races
8. fascinating drive marked out
9. round-trip; takes in; tourist spots
10. immigration; where; applied for right to
11. miserable; rather than justice
12. civil authorities reformed the system; grasp the opportunity of
写作运用
景点旅游描述
描述一个地方，就是要把这个地方的地理位置、历史、人口、风俗及（历史）地位等方面展示给读者，使读者对所描述的地方有一个全面的了解。
1. 明确短文的类型：游记通常为记叙文，常用一般现在时和过去时。
2. 明确主题：简单介绍目的地名称、地点、天气、最有特色之处及旅行中的特色活动、人文知识等。
3. 景点的具体旅游项目。
典型词句：
位置：be located in; be situated in
There stands / lies…
lies on the (eastern) coast of
lie in / to / on / off the east of…
注意：1）in 在某个范围之内 2）to 在某个范围之外 3）on表示“接壤、毗邻”
4）off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”
人口：have/with a population of...
the population of … is…
… percent of the population are…
面积：cover/have/with an area of...
take up
the area/size of… is…
组成：be made up of / consist of
环境：with green hills and beautiful rivers
be surrounded by green trees and beautiful flowers
气候：neither too cold nor too hot
the climate varies from place to place
enjoy a warm and wet climate
特色：be famous/well-known/ distinguished for...
have the distinction of…
the special character of the place is…
is home to
名胜景观：a place with many tourist attractions
places of interest/scenic spots
have/get a good/fantastic view of…
写作范文
Example 1
假如你是李华。你前几天和父母一起去北京旅游了。请你给你的美国朋友马克写一封电子邮件介绍一下这次旅游。
要点如下：
1. 参观了许多景点，如故宫、长城、鸟巢、水立方等；
2. 简要介绍其中的两处景点。
参考范文：
Dear Mark,
I went on a trip to Beijing with my parents recently. It was great! We visited many places of interest, such as the Palace Museum, the Great Wall, the Bird’s Nest, the Water Cube, and so on. They made me proud to be a Chinese.
In particular, I want to tell you about the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. They were built in ancient times. The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. There are many antiques in the palace which represent great Chinese culture. And the Great Wall is a famous wonder of the world, and is very old and long. It is made of millions of bricks. Each brick is very big and heavy. Lots of people from different countries like to climb the Great Wall.
I really enjoyed the trip to Beijing. If you want to know more about those great places of interest, you can go to Beijing and have a look.
Yours,
Li Hua
Example 2
假如你是一名导游，你正带外国游客游览成都，在车上请简要向游客介绍一下成都。主要内容如下：
1. 位于四川盆地西部，成都平原中部；面积约1.2万平方公里，人口1,100多万；
2. 四川省的政治、经济、文教中心；
3. 以茶馆和茶文化著称；
4. 最为著名的是成都动物园的大熊猫；
5. 旅游业发达，每年接待数百万来自世界各地的游客。
参考词汇：四川盆地 Sichuan Basin 成都平原 Chengdu Plain
参考范文：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.
Located in the west of Sichuan Basin and in the center of Chengdu Plain, Chengdu covers a total area of about 12 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 11 million. As a capital city, it’s also the political, economical, cultural and educational culture, and you can see many tea shops here. The most famous is giant pandas. You can see the lovely pandas at Chengdu Zoo.
Chengdu is a city with rich tourism resources; it attracts millions of people from all over the world every year.
Wish you have a good time here!
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Thoughts can also be expressed___________ music.
A. through means of B. by way of C. with the method of D. by means of
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
3. If you are on holiday on election day, you may ________ a postal vote.
A．apply to B．apply for C．approve of D．approve
4. The agreement indicates that the two companies will ______ with each other again.
A．team up B．turn up C．look up D．pick up
5. －Sunny day, isn’t it? －Let’s hope the sunny weather ______ for Saturday’s tennis match.
A．carries on B．moves on C．keeps up D．goes up
6. Some of the best pupils have been ________ for special training. They will set off for the training place next week.
A．stretched out B．marked out C．left out D．stood out
7. ---What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.
---This is ____ each year a great number of people from all over the world try to ____ to California.
A. how; immigrate B. why; immigrate C. because; remove D. why; remove
8. Trademarks are words, names or symbols that identify the producer of a product and ________ it from similar goods of others.
A. defend B. protect C. distinguish D. break
The company is starting a new advertising campaign to _________ new customers to its stores.
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer
10. People’s character ________ greatly from one to another, which accounts for the ________ of different behaviors in the same situation, without which behaviors would become uniform and the world would be less colourful.
A. changes; variety B. alters; diversity C. varies; differences D. varies; diversity
11. I’m very glad that you come and see our new house when we have settled _________.
A. in B. to C. down D. On
12. ________, Jack finished all the work ahead of time.
A．To his credit B．As his credit C．For his credit D．With his credit
13. A ________ of opinions arose over technical questions.
A．conflict B．war C．fight D．battle
14. My father served in the army in __________ when he was in __________.
A. 1950’s; twenties B. the 1950’s; his twenties
C. the 1950’s; the twenties D. 1950’s; the twenties
15. ________ the fact that too much fat can be harmful, a moderate amount of fat is actually essential to the maintenance of good health.
A. Given B. Considering C. Regardless D. Despite
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
My husband and I were shopping in Walmart on the evening of Jan．23． 1 the store my husband looked up and said there goes a peregrine falcon(游隼)．I said，“What?” He told me to 2 and watch．Sure enough I saw a large bird go flying by．
As we walked around the 3 in search of the bird，there it sat high above the electronics department in the 4 beams．It only paused a second and off it went again．
We asked the ladies 5 in that department if anyone was trying to 6 the bird and told them what it was．We were not sure if it was 7 on the endangered list，but being a bird of prey we knew that it was a 8 bird．We asked a manager in the store about their 9 to acquire the bird and release it．We were told that upper 10 knew about the bird and they were not sure what was being done．I could not let it 11 at that，so I called the corporate office in Arkansas．Tiffany took the 12 along with my name and phone number．She said I could call back and 13 the status of the case．I begged her not to 14 while the paper trail went cold in the works．I 15 that something needed to be done now or the bird would 16 after getting stressed with it being in the store all day．
Late that afternoon, I received a call from our 17 store．It was Matt telling me they hired an outside 18 to come in to capture the bird and release it．They told him they were 19 that he did because it is a fine of $10,000 and 20 a six-month stay in jail if they tried to capture it or killed it．
1．A．Entering B．Reaching C．Searching D．Struggling
2．A．clean up B．stay up C．give up D．look up
3．A．room B．street C．store D．forest
4．A．tree B．metal C．bamboo D．light
5．A．standing B．buying C．working D．playing
6．A．feed B．catch C．eat D．cook
7．A．still B．yet C．then D．ever
8．A．cared B．killed C．blamed D．protected
9．A．opinion B．advice C．plan D．view
10．A．management B．customers C．assistants D．passengers
11．A．stay B．go C．live D．keep
12．A．content B．news C．information D．message
13．A．interview B．discuss C．inspect D．check
14．A．wait B．stop C．lie D．envy
15．A．concerned B．explained C．expressed D．hoped
16．A．escape B．fly C．die D．hurt
17．A．faraway B．near C．remote D．local
18．A．army B．group C．hunter D．police
19．A．glad B．worried C．curious D．upset
20．A．surely B．possibly C．regularly D．variously
三、阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stop eating yourself stupid
We all know that poor nutrition can lead to bad health and even weight gain． 1 A recent study has found that what you eat could very likely play a role in how smart you are．
According to the study，rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 days showed signs of weakness and even had trouble finding treats that were waiting for them． 2 Actually high-fat diet could weaken our intelligence—but so can a calorie-restricted diet．The trick appears to lie in finding a nice balance．
Here are ways to achieve that happy balance and make you smarter through diet，exercise and improving your brain power．
3 Aim to get this amount of calories each day．If you need to drop a few pounds，take away the number you get by 400 calories；consume that number of calories each day until you drop the weight．
Eat the right foods in addition to getting the right amount of calories．Aim for healthy foods that include good amounts of protein，fiber，fruits and vegetables，healthy whole grains，healthy fats and plenty of water．Well! 4 Read a book．Try a new recipe．Do some puzzles．These are all good ways to help increase your smarts．
5 Aim for at least three 30-minute sessions a week．I like simple exercises such as walking，but anything that raises the heart rate is good．You may be fond of music too．Combine them! Some people like to listen to classical music such as Bach or Mozart，but rock music lovers will be happy to learn that this genre can help make you smarter as well．
A．Exercise regularly with happy mind forever．
B．Your health depends on your exercise plan．
C．Don’t forget to exercise your mind while doing so．
D．Now add “lack of intelligence” to the growing list．
E．You may be puzzled whether it has something with us．
F．Remember：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．
G．Figure out how many calories you need to maintain your weight．
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ___1___ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ___2___ too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, ___3___ not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very ___4___ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guests, ___5___ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect ___7___ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t ___8___ (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only ___9___ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always ___10___ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
（2）
A man spoke with the Lord about heaven and hell. The Lord said to the man, “Come, I will show you hell.” They entered a room ___1___ a group of people sat around a huge pot of meat. Everyone was skinny, desperate and starving. Each ___2___(hold) a spoon that could reach the pot, but each spoon had a handle so much longer ___3___ their own arms ___4___ it could not be used to get the stew into their own mouths. The suffering was terrible.
“Come, now I will show you ___5___.” The Lord said after a while. They entered another room, similar ___6___ the first—the pot of meat, the group of people, the same long-handle spoons. ___7___ there everyone was happy, healthy and satisfied.
“I don’t understand,” said the man. “___8___ are they happy here when they were miserable in the other room and everything was the ___9___?” The Lord smiled. “Ah, it is simple,” he said. “Here they have learned to feed each ___10___.”
五、书面表达
假如你是李华。目前正与家人在广西阳朔度假。请你根据以下要点提示，在入住的宾馆给你的朋友刘欣写一封电子邮件，谈谈你在那里的见闻和感受。
1. 阳朔因其自然美景闻名天下，其令人心旷神怡的美和深厚的传统文化给你留下了深刻的印象；
2. 随处可见到来自五湖四海的朋友，很多店主都会用英语与外国友人交流；
3. 你还要在这里多待两天，在离开阳朔前会给朋友们寄一些明信片。
必须使用5个句子表达全部所给内容。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。by means of 借助于；表示“通过某种手段”，way通常与in搭配。method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”不合题意。
2. A。第一空what引导表语从句，表示“......的样子”，在从句中作表语；第二空when引导的非限制性定语从句，when代替20 years ago在从句中作时间状语。
3. B。考查apply短语的用法。apply for申请。句意：如果选举日那天你在度假，你可以申请用邮寄方法投票。apply to 应用于；approve of 赞成；approve 批准，通过。
4. A。考查动词短语辨析。A项表示“与……合作”，符合句意。B项表示“出现；到达”；C项表示“向上看；查寻”；D项表示“捡起，接收”，均不合题意。
5. C。考查动词短语的辨析。keep up保持，继续，符合语意“希望好天气保持到星期六的网球比赛”。carry on继承；move on继续进行；go up上升，增长。
6. B。句意：已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。他们下周出发去训练地。mark out 画线标出，选出；stretch out 伸出，够供给； leave out 遗漏；stand out 脱颖而出，显眼。注意空白处是被动语态。
B。句意：这就是每年许多来自世界各地的人移民来加利福尼亚的原因。第一空why引导 表语从句；immigrate 移民，移入；remove 指把某物从某处移走。
8. C。distinguish...from 使......有别于......，符合句意。defend... from 保卫，防卫；protect... from 保护，使免受；break away from 与......决裂，挣脱。
9. B。考查动词词义辨析。join 参加，结合，加入；attract 吸引；stick 粘贴，插入；transfer 迁移，调任，转移。句意：这家公司正展开新的广告战来吸引新顾客到他们的商店。
10. D。句意：人们的性格彼此大有不同，这就解释了在同样情况下人们举止的不同了，否则人们的行为都一样，世界也就不会这样多姿多彩了。第一空填动词vary，表示“不同”；第二空填diversity，表示“多样性”，因为这里表示的“呈现的行为的多样性”这种状态，而不是具体的不同之处，所以不用复数的differences。
11. A。根据句意应为“搬进新居后安顿下来”，所以用settle in。
12. A。to one’s credit为……带来荣誉，在……名下，值得赞扬的是。
13. A。句意：在技术问题上产生了意见的冲突。conflict 冲突，抵触，争论；war 战争；fight 战斗，打架；battle 战斗，战役。
14. B。in the 1950’s 在20世纪50年代；in one’s twenties 在某人20多岁时。serve in the army 在军队服役。
15. D。句意：尽管太多的脂肪可能是有害的，适度的数量实际上对保持健康是必要的。Despite 尽管；Given 假如，考虑到；Considering 考虑到；Regardless 不管怎样。
二、完形填空
1．A。上文提到买东西，可知此处为“进入”商店，故选项A符合题意。
2．D。从上文可知丈夫抬头看到一只游隼可知，丈夫告诉作者向上看，故选项D符合题意。
3．C。从上下文可知作者与丈夫在商店看到的这只游隼，故此处为在“商店”寻找这只鸟，故选项C符合题意。
4．B。从上文描述的游隼落在高高的电子器件部的上方，可知应该为“金属”横梁，故选项B符合题意。
5．C。从生活经验可知那个部门的女士们应该在那里“工作”，故选项C符合题意。
6．B。从此处作者与丈夫的问话并联系下文可知，问的应该为“是否有人在捉鸟”，故选项B符合题意。
7．A。从此处语境分析他们对游隼到底还是不是濒临灭绝的动物拿不准，故此处为“仍然，还是”，选项A符合题意。
8．D。虽然拿不准这种动物是否为濒临灭绝的动物，但是这应该是一只“受保护”的鸟。
9．C。此处语境应该是他们在询问商店经理的打算，故答案C符合题意。
10．A。此处他们问部门经理的打算，但他不确定做什么，因为上级领导知道这只鸟，“管理”与领导吻合，故选项A符合题意。
11．B。从此处作者描述到的情况再结合上文内容，可知作者弄不准这只鸟的情况，也没有从部门经理那里弄清如何处置这只鸟，故此处作者不想就那样算了，故选项B符合题意。
12．C。上文作者向the corporate (社团的) office in Arkansas反映这只鸟的情况，此处Tiffany记下了作者的姓名、电话号码，这些均为一个人的“信息”，故选项C合适。
13．D。从此处作者反映的情况，对方给出的答复为可以打回电话“核实”了解这种事情的进展，故选项D符合题意。
14．A。从此处作者的心情可知作者迫切地希望这事得到解决，联系此处while the paper trail （纸质跟踪）went cold in the works（所有的事）可知作者的意思是不要等，马上去办，故选项A符合题意。
15．B。从上文作者提到作者对这事的重视，联系此处something needed to be done now可知，作者对上文自己的意思做了“解释”，故选项B符合题意。
16．C。从此处语境分析作者担心鸟的安全，在这种整天紧张的情况下，鸟会“死”符合生活常识，故选项C合适。
17．D。从此处作者提到的our可知作者收到的电话是来自于“当地的”商店，故选项D符合题意。
18．B。上文作者把这种鸟的情况反映给the corporate office in Arkansas再联系下文基本按照作者告诉的来做的，故可以推出是找的外边的保护鸟的“组织”，故选项B符合题意。
19．A。从下文作者提到的他们按照作者的要求采取了正确的做法，结果免受了$10000的罚金，由此可知应该是“高兴”，故选项A符合题意。
20．B。从if they tried to capture（俘获）it or killed it这个假设性的句子可知此处指一种“可能”的结果，故选项B符合题意。
三、阅读理解
1．D。第一句话说了人们比较熟悉的情况：营养不良对健康有害还会使人变胖，而本句是要告诉大家鲜为人知的方面，那就是营养不良对智商也有害，引出下一句的最新发现也就是本文的中心，故选D。
2．E。第一句用老鼠做实验发现让老鼠连续吃10天高脂肪的食物它们就看上去很虚弱，甚至很难发现奖励给它们的东西。你可能会疑惑这和人的饮食有什么关系，下一句就是对你的疑惑的解释，故选E。
3．G。这是所给建议里的第一条，是关于减肥的建议，G里的figure out和下一句里的Aim to get this amount of calories也吻合。
4．C。本段将两个建议结合在一起，前面说明身体方面的身体营养方面，而下文说明是如何营养头脑智力方面，C句把上下文结合在一起。干扰项是A，A表达的意思是带着好心情轻松运动，只说明了锻炼的方式。
5．A。本段是关于通过轻松锻炼来使效果更明显的内容。本段讲了把快乐心情带到健康生活里去。干扰项是B，B里虽然说到了exercise，但是没有体现出本段的happiness．
四、语法填空
（1）
1. found。考查时态语态。“invited”用一般过去时。由Suddenly可知，found与其时间一致，用found；
2. nor。考查固定搭配，表示“既不…也不…”，用“neither……nor……”。
3.。考查句意理解。该句“？”告知句子有疑问，前文中出现why提示表示”为什么”之意，用why。
4. reasonable。考查词性转化。“thing”需一个形容词修饰，very也只能修饰形容词，故用reasonable。
5. who。考查定语从句关系代词。从句不完整，指代前面“guests”，指人，用who。
6. at。考查固定介词短语与price搭配，表示“以更低价格”用 at a lower price，故用at。
7. for。考查介词短语搭配。表示“对某事表示尊重”，用show respect for sth.。故用for。
8. possibly。考查词性转化。提示词修饰动词“destroy”，用副词，故用possibly。
9. a。考查冠词。amount为单数可数名词，用a，构成短语a(an)… amount of ……数量的。
10. thinking。考查非谓语做伴随状语。居中有added做谓语，与此同时做着什么事情，故用thinking。
（2）
1. where。空格后为一个定语从句，用以修饰名词room；由于先行词在从句中表地点，用where来引导定语从句。
2. held。根据上下文可知，此句应用一般过去时。
3. than。根据其前的longer可知。
4. that。此处的that与前面的so构成so…that…句式。
5. heaven。根据第一句A man spoke with the Lord about heaven and hell可知，前面看过了hell，所以现在要去看heaven。
6. to。similar to为英语惯用搭配，意为“与……相似”。
7. But。前后意思转折，位于句首用But，注意如用However，后面多加逗号。
8. Why。询问原因，故用why。
9. same。根据上下文可知，此处填same，与前面出现的similar呼应。
10. other。与each构成搭配，feed each other 意为“彼此喂食”。
五、书面表达
Dear Liu Xin,
Now I’m on holiday with my family in Yangshuo, Guangxi. I knew Yangshuo was well-known for its natural scenery before I came here, but I am still amazed at its breathtaking beauty and impressed by its local traditional culture. Here you can meet friends from all over the world. It is not surprising that many shopkeepers communicate with foreigners in English.
To experience more local customs and enjoy the beauty of nature, we have decided to stay for another two days. I will post some postcards to my friends, including you of course, before I leave here.
Yours,
Li Hua