（人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点及其练习

Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点
学习目标
重点词汇
distinction, majority, elect,　 percentage, boom, occur,
indicate, apparently, slip, hire 　　
　
重点短语
by means of make a life, 　team up with, 　　mark out, 　 apply for　
take in,　 live on, a great many, keep up
重点句型
There be + sb. + doing ...
with复合结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
distinction
【原句回放】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA... 加州与众不同之处在于他也是美国最具多元化文化特征的一个州......
【点拨】distinction n. 区别, 差别；卓越
　　常用搭配：
　　make a distinction between 把......与......区分开
make no distinction 没有区别
have a distinction of 有......与众不同之处
with distinction 优异地，显著地
　　Mr. Green has the distinction of having been the first president of the famous school.
　　格林先生不同凡响，他是这所著名学校的首任校长。
　　The law makes no distinction between men and women.
　　这条法律没有男性和女性的区别。
【拓展1】distinct adj. 清晰的，明显的，明确的
distinguish v. 区分，辨别；把......区别分类，使杰出
　　There was a distinct smell of gas when I opened the door.
我打开门时有一种明显的煤气味。
The twins are so alike that I can’t distinguish one from the other.
这对孪生儿长得太像了，我区分不开。
【拓展2】multi- 多，多个，多种
　　注意“原句回放”中的“multicultural”的前缀multi-是“多、多方面、多方向”的意思。
　　multicultural 多元文化的　　　 multi-coloured 多色的
　　multi-racial 多种族的　　　　　multi-media 多媒体
　　multiparty 多党制的　　　　　 multi-purpose 多种用途的、通用的
majority
【原句回放】Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。
【点拨】majority n. 大多数；多半（反义词：minority n. 少数，小部分）
常用搭配：in the/ a majority 占大多数
enter the majority 加入多数派
get a majority 获得多数票
the great/ vast majority 绝大多数
narrow majority勉强的多数
注意：
1. the majority单独用作主语，谓语可用单数（侧重整体）或复数（侧重个体）。
The majority were/was against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。
但是，若表语是复数，则谓语通常也要用复数。如：
The majority are young people. 大多数是年轻人。
2. “the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词通常用复数。
　　The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
我们班多数孩子眼睛是棕色的，只有三个是蓝色的。
有时还可将其中的定冠词改为不定冠词。
A /The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
　　3. 在现代英语中the majority of偶尔也与不可数名词连用，但较少见，应慎用。
【拓展】major adj. 较大/多的；主要的；v. 主修
　　注意：major不能与than连用。
　　The city holds the major portion of the population in the country.
　　那个城市聚集了那个国家大部分人口。
elect
【原句回放】By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
【点拨】elect vt. 选择，决定；选举（某人）
常用搭配：elect to do sth. (正式地)选择/决定做某事
elect sb. to ... 选某人进入......
　　 elect sb. president/ mayor 选举某人为总统/市长
（如职位是独一无二的，省略冠词）
　　Customers can elect to pay by cash or by credit card.
顾客可以选择用现金或信用卡付账。
She was elected to Parliament in 2003. 她2003年被选入国会。
Ronald Reagan was first elected President in 1980.
罗纳德?里根1980年首次被选为总统。
【拓展】election n. 选举
percentage
【原句回放】Today, Chinese Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatown” of Los Angeles and San Francisco. 今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住，尽管很大比例的华人还有选择住在洛杉矶和旧金山的“唐人街”里。
【点拨】percentage n. 百分比，百分率
注意：
“a percentage of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致。
We have only a small percentage of foreign books. 我们只有一小部分外文书。
A large percentage of the hotel’s income is from the visitors to the lake nearby.
那家旅馆的收入的大部分来自参观附近那个湖的游客。
Only a small percentage of the patients are children. 病人中只有一小部分是儿童。
【拓展】 percent 百分之......
It is often stated that we use only 10 percent of our brain.
常有报告称人只运用了大脑的10%。
boom
【原句回放】The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. 这个行业的繁荣吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。
【点拨】boom n. （人口、贸易）繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom.
在战后那段繁荣昌盛的时期，生活水平得到了迅速提高。
The only way to satisfy the golf boom was to build more courses.
满足这场高尔夫热的需求的唯一途径是增建球场。
By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming.
到20世纪80年代时，计算机行业迅猛发展。
【拓展】booming adj. 急速发展的，暴涨的
occur
【原句回放】It didn’t occur to me that ... 我没想到......
【点拨1】occur vi. 发生，存在（occur的过去式、过去分词要双写r，加-ed）
　 The accident occurred at four o’clock in the morning when people were sleeping.
　　事故发生在早晨4点人们都睡着的时候。
The sound doesn’t occur in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
　　这个音在他的语言里没有，所以他很难发出来。
【点拨2】occur to（主意或想法突然）浮现于脑中，被想起（相当于come into one’s mind ）
　　常用搭配：sth. occurs to sb. 某人想起某事
　　 It occurs to sb. that... 某人想起.......
to do sth.
　　A good idea occurred to me all at once. 我突然想到了一个好主意。
It occurred to me that we should go there more often. 我想起我们应该多去那里。
I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police!
我想你压根儿就没想到给警方打电话吧！
【拓展】区别occur，happen，come about，take place
1. occur指“发生”时可与happen换用，也可指有计划地发生。但occur to sb.指“某人想起某事”，而sth. happen to sb. 指不好的事发生在某人身上。
What happened to you? 你怎么了？
2. happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。
Maybe something unexpected happened.也许意想不到的事情发生了。
I happened to see him on my way home. 我碰巧在回家的路上看见他了。
3. come about强调偶发事件，同happen和occur，常用于疑问句和否定句。
When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about.
妈妈醒来时不知道发生了什么事。
4. take place常指预先计划而发生的事情。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去10年里，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
indicate
【原句回放】Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner. 试着用上面的表达表示你在认真听同伴的讲述。
【点拨】indicate vt. 指出，标示，表明，暗示
I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.
我问他我姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。
Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.
研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒烟。
He took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.
他拿出一张地图，给我们指出了最快捷的路线。
【拓展】indication n. 指出；表明
indicative adj.指示的；暗示的
apparently / slip
【原句回放】Apparently he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram’s brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. 他曾经看到过一次可怕的交通事故：由于一辆马拉轨道车刹车失灵，驾车者对局面失去控制，车子和马一起从山上滑了下去，很明显这让他受到了极大的震惊。
【点拨1】apparently adv. 显然；似乎
　　Apparently, you have done a lot of work. 显然，你们已经做了许多工作。
　　Apparently she was trying her best to save her child from the severe illness.
　　显然她正竭尽全力地去挽救她的孩子摆脱那种严重的疾病。
【拓展】apparent adj. 显然的, 显而易见的；表面上的,
　　It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
　　很明显他根本不知道如何修车。
　　His apparent grief turned to crazy laughter in a minute.
　　他表面的悲伤一下子转变为疯狂的大笑了。
【点拨2】slip vi. 滑动，滑行；滑跤
n. 滑倒；小过失
My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。
She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。
That’s a slip of the pen. 那是一个笔误。
【拓展】slippery adj. 滑溜的
hire
【原句回放】Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. 同旅馆里的一对夫妻（彼得和泰莉）作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。
【点拨】hire v. 租用，聘用，雇用
They hire our boats by the hour. 他们按小时租用了我们的小船。
We hired a driver to take us on a tour of the city. 我们雇了一位司机带我们游览这个城市。
【拓展】hire，employ与rent
1. hire指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，多指临时租用某物或雇用某人。
hire a car/ a bicycle/ a hall for a meeting 租车/ 租自行车/ 租用会议厅
2. employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手。
employ a secretary 聘一位秘书
3. rent指租借房屋、地产，多指用于长时间租用或借用。
rent a house/ a flat 租了一幢房子/ 一套房间
重点短语
【A land of diversity词语精讲---词组】
by means of
【原句回放】Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
【点拨】by means of用......的办法
The money was got by means of cheating. 这笔钱是骗来的。
This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars.
这个两年的课程是通过讲座和研讨会的形式讲授的。　　
【拓展】means n. 方法，手段（注意其单复数同形）
常用搭配：by no means 通过什么方法都不行（位于句首时用倒装句）
by all means（=certainly，sure）当然，尽一切办法
　　By no means will we fail. 用任何方式我们也不会失败。
make a life
【原句回放】Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 许多人死了或者回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。
【点拨】make a life生活（不仅仅是生存）
It is hard to make a life by that little salary. 靠这么点工资生活很难。
Most people are so busy that they have no time to make a real life.
大多数人很忙，没有时间享受真正的生活。
【拓展】对比：make a living 谋生，赚钱维持生计
We will try our best to make a life, not to make a living only.
我们要努力去过（甜蜜的）日子，而不仅仅是谋生。
team up with
【原句回放】Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. 同旅馆里的一对夫妻（彼得和泰莉）作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。
【点拨】team up with与……合作
（team 小组，up 是副词，表示“穷尽”，整个小组绑在一起，就意味着“合作”。与某人合作，加with，相当于cooperate with sb.）
They teamed up with Tom and Jones to record the hit single.
他们与汤姆和琼斯合作发行了这支单曲。
He didn’t want to team up with anybody.
他不愿意和任何人合作。
mark out
【原句回放】There’s a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. 有一条专为游客选定的有趣的驾车游路线。
【点拨】mark out 画线，标出……界线
(mark 做记号，out也表示“穷尽”)
Mr. Powel has marked out a general course of action.
鲍威尔先生已经标出了行动的全部路线。
The directions of rural development have been marked out. (制定)
农村的发展方向已经规划好了。
【拓展】 含mark的短语
mark down记下，减价 mark up涨价，标高价格
apply for
【原句回放】From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. 从1882年至1940年，天使岛是一个著名的移民站，许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。
【点拨】apply for 申请 （apply表示“申请”，for表示目的）
I have applied for a scholarship. 我已经申请了奖学金。
To?apply for?a job, you must fill out a form.
要申请这个工作，你需要填写表格。
【拓展】 apply to 适用（于），运用（于）
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
用这种方式，他们能够把理论更好地应用于实践中。
These remarks?apply to?every town in this country.
这些评论适用于这个国家的任何小镇。
take in
【原句回放】It’s a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. 这是一次往返79千米的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
【点拨】take in吸收，收留，改短（小），受骗，理解（in表示“进去”）
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
这位善良的老太太提出收留这个无家可归的陌生人。
Can you take in this dress for me? It’s too loose round the waist.
你能把这件衣服改瘦点吗？腰部太宽松了。
My mother was taken in by the businessman’s offers and stupidly gave him most of her money. 我妈妈因为一个商人提供的条件而受骗了，愚蠢地把她大部分钱给他了。
Gazing up into his eyes, she seemed to take in every word he said.
她凝视着他的眼睛，似乎理解了他说的每一个字。 ■
live on
【原句回放】The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
【点拨】live on 继续活着；继续存在
live on sth. 以某物为生；靠某物生活
Lu Xun is dead but his writing live on. 鲁迅已作古，但是他的作品却流芳百世。
Small birds live mainly on insects. 小鸟主要以昆虫为食。
She lived on for many years after her husband died. 她丈夫去世后她又活了很多年。
【拓展】含live的短语：
live for sth为......而生活，渴望.......
live with sb/sth. 与某人一起生活，接受或容忍某现象
live up to做到，依据（诺言、原则等）生活
live through 活过......，度过......而不死
a great many
【原句回放】Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. 在这儿看到了一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和大量的餐馆。
【点拨】a great/good many许多，大量的（只修饰可数名词）
A great many visitors came here every year before the earthquake.
每年有大量的游客来到这里。
There were a good many people at the concert.
音乐会上有很多人。
【拓展】表示“许多，大量的”的词和短语：
　　① 既修饰可数名词也修饰不可数名词：
　 　　a lot of = lots of，plenty of，a quantity of，quantities of
　　②只修饰可数名词：
　 　　many, a (large / good) number of = numbers of，scores of ,a great/ good many
　　③只修饰不可数名词：
　 　　much, a great / good deal of，a large amount of，amounts of
keep up
【原句回放】In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年，丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇，至今它仍然保留着丹麦文化。
【点拨】keep up 坚持，维持，适应，沿袭（风俗、传统等）
Things are changing so fast; it is hard to keep up.
事情变化的这么快，好像跟上都很费力气。
The ancient custom of giving children lucky money is still kept up in China.
给孩子压岁钱的古老传统在中国仍然沿袭着。
The good news keeps our spirits up. 这个好消息使我们情绪高昂。
【拓展】含keep的短语：
　　keep away (from) 不接近，不靠近 　　　keep back 阻止......的前进/进展，隐瞒
　　keep off 使不接近 　　　　　　　　　　keep on 继续做某事
keep out (of) 使在......外，使不靠近　　　keep up with 赶上，使不落后
keep sb. from sth./doing sth. 使某人不能做某事物
　　
重点句型
There be + sb. + doing ...
【原句回放】Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. 今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约25，000人。
【点拨】There be + sb. + doing ... 有人正在做某事
严格说，这不是固定句型，doing是动词-ing形式作定语，修饰前面的sb.
There is a cat staring at me in the tree. 树上有只猫盯着我看。
There are a great many people going abroad every year. 每年有许多人出国。
【拓展】 There be + sb./sth. + done / to do
同样道理，there be句型的主语sb./ sth.也可能被过去分词及不定式等修饰。如：
There are some rare birds killed dead every year. 每年有一些珍稀鸟类被杀死。
There are many problems to be settled. 有许多问题有待解决。
with复合结构
【原句回放】It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. 车身上有蓝白两色相间的标记，上面有海鸥以表示要去的路线。
【点拨】with复合结构
1. 构成：with +宾语+宾语补足语
2. 可作宾语补足语的有：介词短语、形容词、副词、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。
3. 此结构可以作定语或状语。
He likes to sleep with the window open. 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
With her son away from home, she was worried. 由于她的儿子离家出走，所以她很担心。
She came in with a baby in her arms. 她抱着个婴儿进来了。
With the problem settled, we went on smoothly. 由于问题得到了解决，我们进展顺利。
With a local guide leading the way, we got there easily.
由于当地的向导带路，我们很容易到了那儿。
With her husband to help her, she will work it out.
有她丈夫帮助她，她会解决那件事。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. There used to be a high _________ (百分比) of babies that died of scarlet fever every year.
2. He earned his living by________ (出租) himself out to whoever needed his services.
3. ____________ (显然)，he was mistaken about by the others.
4. He regarded his marriage merely as a 　　　　 (手段) to an end: he just wanted his wife’s wealth.
5.It is believed that before long the mix of ____________ (国籍) will be very large.
6. The oil market is enjoying a _____________ (繁荣).
7. Many __________________(改革) have been made to the education system.
8. He was one of the 200 a　　　　 for the teaching post.
9. You have difficulty in moving to America, because the rules of i_________ are rather strict for the foreigners.
10. Sarah s_______ into the room and carefully shut the door.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
team up with； take in； keep up； apply for； by means of； mark out；
in addition； home to； occur to； feel like
1．A good idea __________ Jane while she was talking to Mary.
2．They __________ the tennis court with white paint.
3．People gain valuable work experience and，__________，employers can afford to employ them.
4．Do you__________ going for a swim after we have finished the work?
5．The mountain is __________ a good many wild animals and rare plants.
6．The woman was__________ by the businessman’s offers of marriage and stupidly gave him most of her money.
7．He _________ his brother in the doubles, and they often win.
8．I’m now writing to __________ admission to your language school.
9．They eventually succeeded __________ perseverance.
10．I hope the fine weather will __________. The crops need much sunshine.
三、单项选择
1．You fool! How can you let such a chance _______ through your fingers.
　　A. ski 　　　　B. spread　　　　 C. slip　　　　　 D. glide
2．Even though her talent was __________ to everyone who heard her sing，life got in the way of her dreams.
A．apparent B．abundant C．absurd D．academic
3．It has just __________ to me that there is still another possibility to ensure an immediate delivery of the goods.
A．come B．occurred C．happened D．struck
4．He can hardly _______ his wife’s bad-temper, so he decided to seek divorce with her.
A. team up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. keep up with
5．You have only written one bestselling novel. If you do not continue working hard，will you plan to ________ it for the rest of your life?
A．live in B．live on C．live out D．live with
6．People in this village get together every year to __________ the old tradition and enjoy themselves as their ancestors did.
A．make up B．put up C．keep up D．set up
7．A recent survey __________ that the majority of people are worried about the present high price of apartments in cities.
A．indicates B．includes C．imagines D．improves
8．—How can we get to the camping site nearly one hundred miles away？If only we had a car!
—Why not consider __________ a car to get there and letting Jim take us back in his jeep?
A．hiring B．firing C．stealing D．picking
9．—How did you make so rapid progress in your English？Do you have any secrets?
—No. Only __________ hard working.
A．in terms of B．in honor of C．by means of D．on behalf of
10．Less than twenty percent of the employees in their company are women. That is to say，men are in the __________.
A．majority B．activity C．possibility D．minority
11. The seawater takes _____ a lot of heat in summer.
A. up 　　　B. in　　　 C. over　　　　 D. off
12. The young actress looked so charming in her beautiful dress that we took ______ pictures with her.
A. a great many of 　 B. a large quantity of 　　C. the number of　　 D. a large amount of
13. ----- Why are they taking all the equipment away?
-----____________, they are packing up to leave.
A. The job was done B. The job has been done
C. With the job done D. With the job doing
14. Many streets in this city have been ________ for cultural protection.
A．stretched out B．marked out C．left out D．stood out
15. The great growth —nine of every ten people added to the earth’s _______ —will be in poor, undeveloped countries.
A. population B. popularity C. percentage D. culture
16. It was wise _______ to go abroad after graduation.
A. to select　　　B. elect 　　　C. to elect　　　 D. select
17. Many died or returned home，but most remained in California to________ a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms.
A．make B．come C．bring D．lay
18. Our government takes measures to make this custom __________.
A. live with B. live on C. live up to D. live through
19. Employers should hire men and women without _________.
A. discount B. distinction C. disadvantage D. dignity
20. To travel to the United States, you must first apply ______ the American Embassy ______ your visa.
A. for; to B. to; for C. for; for D. to; to
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. percentage 2. hiring 3. Apparently 4. means 5. nationalities
6. boom 7. reforms 8. applicants 9. immigration 10. slipped
二、选词填空
1.occurred to　 2.marked out　 3.in addition　 4.feel like　 5.home to　
6.taken in　 7.teams up with　 8.apply for 9．by means of　10. keep up
疑难解析：
3. in addition 另外
4. feel like 摸起来像，想要
5. home to sb./ sth. 某人/物的发源地/生长地
三、单项选择
1. C。slip 溜走，滑过。ski 滑冰；spread 延伸，展开；glide 滑行，滑翔。
2. A。考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然每一个听过她唱歌的人都知道她才华出众，但生活却阻碍了她梦想的实现。apparent在此意为“明显的，显而易见的”，符合句意。abundant丰富的，充裕的；absurd荒谬的，可笑的；academic学校的，学院的，学术的。
3. B。考查动词辨析。句意：我刚才突然想起还有另一个确保这批货物迅速交货的可能的办法。It occurs to sb. that...是固定句型，意思是“某人突然想到……”。
4. C。team up with 与......合作；catch up with 赶上；put up with 忍受，keep up with 跟得上。句意：他几乎不能忍受妻子的坏脾气，决定与她离婚。
5. B。本题考查动词短语live on的用法。live on“以……为主食，靠……为生；继续活着；继续存在”。根据句意，“你只写了一本畅销书，你打算后半生靠这本书生活吗？”选B。
6. C。keep up意为“沿袭(风俗、传统等)，维持，坚持”。句意：这个村子里的人每年都要聚会来沿袭这古老的传统，并像他们的祖先一样尽情地欢乐。make up组成，构成，弥补；put up提出，建起；set up创立，建立。
7. A。本题考查动词indicate的用法。indicate“指出；象征；显示”。句意：根据最近的一项调查表明，大部分人对目前的房价过高感到忧虑。
8. A。本题考查动词hire的用法。hire“雇请，出租，受雇”；fire“解雇，开除”。根据上文句意，说话人说要是我们有辆车去露营地就好了，听话人回答，为什么不考虑雇一辆车去那呢？故选A。
9. C。本题考查介词短语by means of的用法。by means of“用；以；依靠”。根据上文句意，答话人是通过勤奋才在英语方面取得很快进步的，故选C。
10. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们公司的雇工中，女士不足20%，也就是说，男士占了大多数。majority意为“多数”，符合句意表达。
11. B。take in 吸收；take up 拿起，占去；take over 接管；take off 脱下，起飞。
12. B。a large quantity of 可接可数或不可数名词；a great many (无of) 接可数名词复数； a large amount of 接不可数名词。a great many of多加特定范围的名词，如a great many of them/ the students 他们/这些学生们中的许多。
13. C。答语中已经有了完整的句子，而且没有连词，逗号前不能再用句子，排除A、B，所以用with复合结构作状语，with的宾语the job与其补足语do是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。
14. B。句意：为了进行文化保护，这个城市标出了许多条街道。mark out“标出”，符合句意。stretch out 伸出；leave out 省去；stand out 引人注目。
15. A。句意：地球上增加的人口中十分之九是在贫困不发达国家。population 人口；popularity 流行；percentage 百分率；culture 文化。
16. C。elect to do sth. (正式) 选择做某事。select指经过认真地考虑之后从众多人或物中选出最满意的，不接to do sth.作宾语。
17. A。make a life开始新生活；习惯于新的生活方式、工作等。
18. B。句意：政府采取措施来使这个风俗流传下去。live on 继续活着；继续存在；live with 与某人一起生活，接受或容忍某现象；live up to做到，依据（诺言、原则等）生活；live through度过......而不死。
19. B。句意：雇主们聘用职员时应该不分男女。distinction 区别；discount 折扣；disadvantage 劣势，短处；dignity 尊严。
20. B。考查apply短语的用法。apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物。句意为：要去美国旅行，你要首先向美国大使馆申请签证。