（人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题语言应用——“发明家与发明”写作练习
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| 名称 | （人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题语言应用——“发明家与发明”写作练习 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-08-17 16:09:21 | ||
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话题语言应用——发明家与发明
语言积累
交际用语
打电话
Which extension ... please? 分机号是......？
Can I speak to ... please? 我能和......说话吗？
Hold the line，please．/ Hang on，please．请不要挂断。
Just a moment，please．请等一下。
I’m sorry，but this phone is out of order．对不起，但是电话出故障了。
I can’t get through．我打不通。
Sorry．He / She isn’t here right now．对不起，他/她不在。
Can I ring back later? 我能一会再打回去吗？
I’ll ring him / her up again．我会再打给他/她。
I must ring off now because.... 我必须挂断了，因为......
话题语句（1）
发现和发明（Discoveries and inventions）
1. A discovery is an act or the process of finding out something already existing in nature but not yet known. 发现（discovery）指找到存在于自然界却不为人知的事物的行为和过程。
An invention is creating something not existing before.
发明是创造出以前不存在的事物。
2. The four great Chinese inventions：
printing 印刷术 paper-making 造纸 compass 指南针 gunpowder 火药
3. What’s the connection (联系) between discovery and invention?
Discoveries (发现)
Inventions（发明）
Electricity 电
1. Systems of delivering electrical light and heating to homes and offices
给住宅和办公室输送电力光和暖气的系统
2.Household machines for washing, ironing, keeping food cold
洗涤、熨烫、食物冷藏的家用机器
3. Computers, telephones, television
计算机、电话、电视
The movement of air空气流动
1. Airplane jet engines 飞机喷气引擎
2. Air balloons 气球
The circulation of the blood 血液循环
Machines to help people with serious disease (like kidney failure) 帮助治疗严重疾病（如肾衰）的机器
X-rays X射线
1. Body scanners to see whether you are ill
身体扫描设备检查是否生病
2. Machines to treat illnesses (like cancer)
治疗疾病（如癌症）的机器
Discoveries often lead to inventions. Inventions are often based on discoveries.
话题语句（2）
Applying for a patent
1. Stages（进程）every inventor must go through before it is approved（批准、认可）
Finding a problem 发现问题
Doing research 研究问题
Thinking of a creative solution 想出创造性的解决办法
Testing the solution 测试结论
Deciding on the invention 确定发明
Applying for a patent 申请专利（权）
2. Advantages of getting a patent
You are recognized as a real inventor. 作为发明者得到承认。
You can make money if you sell your invention to others. 卖掉发明可以挣钱。
You will become famous. 会出名。
You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention.
你能够证明你曾是这项发明的第一发明人。
3. Patent office (专利局) plays the role of deciding what is an invention and what is not. And only inventions can get patents and they can be recognized and protected.
More inventions
1.Electric shoes
The heel of these shoes is a machine that makes electricity with every step you take. You will never need to buy batteries again.
2. Inflatable bicycle 可充电自行车
You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again. If you use our inflatable bike, you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
3. Edible chopsticks 可食用筷子
Never throw away or wash chopsticks again. These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly（环保的）. Save trees and have a snack（小吃）at the same time — they come in five different flavours（味道）.
4. An amphibious (水陆两用的) car (2003)
This is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways（斜着）and move into the body. The underneath (下面) of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype (雏形) and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an interesting modern invention.
5. Stephenson’s “Rocket” (1781-1848)
George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. One of the first tracks（轨道）to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along the line.
6. The Structure of DNA
This was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 1953. These two scientists were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals (螺旋式上升或下降) of DNA (called the double-helix 双螺旋). This work led directly to the human genome（基因组）project in 2003, which discovered the Structure of DNA.
话题语句（3）
【Inventors and inventions 语言应用】
Inventions have changed our lives
We live in the age of science. People live, move and think in terms of science. Water, air, time and space have been conquered. Man has harnessed（控制）the forces of nature to his own use. Science has helped man to lead a better life than ever before.
要点提示：
in terms of 就......而言，从......方面说来，依据
In all walks of life man has made wonderful progress. It has given us very swift means of communication transport. The steam engine, the motor car and now the airplane have conquered time and space. Man can now travel from one place to another in a short time. A journey of weeks and months is now performed in a few hours.
要点提示：
walk生活方式，社会地位，身分，职业，行业 steam engine 蒸汽机
Then there are the telegraph, the telephone and the wireless. The wireless has made it possible to send messages to any part of the world in the twinkling of an eye. The radio has made the dull evenings at home bright. One can hear news, dialogues and speeches from the distant parts of the world while sitting at home. Television, the latest development of wireless telegraphy, enables people to see the picture as well as hear voices.
要点提示：
1. wireless n. 无线电接收机或发射机 adj. 不用电线的，用无线电传送的
2. telegraphy 电信技术
3. “the +单数名词”结构：表示一类人或事物，如上两段的the telegraph, the telephone 等。
Electricity, the greatest gift of science works the fans, cooks food, sweeps floors, irons clothes, air-conditions or warms the houses and offices, washes dishes, lights houses, streets and towns, runs trains and buses, works the mills and factories and diagnoses and cures diseases.
要点提示：
1. 注意常用作名词或形容词等，此段中用作及物动词的词：work（使......工作），warm，light，run（使......移动/跑），air-condition（用空调调节）等。
2. mill 磨坊，工厂 diagnose 诊断
Medical science has advanced a good deal. It helps the doctors to locate the disease. Terrible diseases have been brought under control. Plastic surgery can change one’s face and complexion. Science has thus helped man in his fight against disease. The various inventions and discoveries of science have greatly added to the comforts of life.
要点提示：
advance（使）发展，提高 locate 找出，坐落在
bring... under control 使......处于控制之中 plastic surgery 整形手术
complexion 肤色
Science has entered our life so powerfully that we have started thinking in a scientific way. It has all together changed our outlook on life. However, we now want to know the how and why of things. The age of superstitious beliefs is over. Scientific inventions have not all been for our good.
要点提示：outlook展望 superstitious 迷信的 good 好处，利益
Science has given man deadly weapons. The long-range guns, poisonous gases, atom bombs and many other destructive weapons of warfare have made the life of man most insecure. Another war, and the whole world will be destroyed in a minute by nuclear weapons.
要点提示：
deadly weapon 致死的武器 atom bomb 原子弹 destructive 有破坏性的
warfare 战争，战争状态 insecure 不安全的 nuclear 核的，原子核的
Another war, and... 是“祈使句+and+分句”结构，前面的祈使句相当于条件状语从句，即“如果再有一次战争的话”。■
话题语句（4）
有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1. 你能不能把它们赶走(除掉)？
Can you ___________ them please?
2. 这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
Here was a chance for me ____________ myself by ________ something _______ that would catch snakes but not harm them.
3. 经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的方法：第一，铲除它们的栖息地......
_________ with some research findings, I ____________ three possible _________: firstly, _________________...
4. 它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了，于是我只得调整我的计划。
They _____________ into a _________ hole in the wall. So I had to _________ my plan.
5. 这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
This time __________ I bent down to examine the snakes and I __________.
6. 我把这些温顺的蛇收集起来，第二天就愉快地把它们全都释放到野外了。
I collected the _______ snakes and the next day we _______________ them all ________.
7. 由于朋友和亲戚的督促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对这次成功的想法给予认可。
________ by my friends and relations, I decided to ________ the opportunity to get _________ for my successful idea by sending my invention to the _____________.
8. (评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
The ________ are so strict that it is difficult to _______________ unless they are truly ______.
9. 于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了专利申请书。
So I have __________ the form and ________________ with the Patent Office.
10. 偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。
Leave __________________________.
11. 正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神力量成就了他那著名的发明——1876年的电话。
It was this _______ around problems and his ______________ that led to his most famous invention — the telephone in 1876.
12. 它很稳定，被证明是在桥梁设计中的无价之宝。
Being very ________, it has _______________ in the design of bridges.
参考答案：
1. get rid of
2. to distinguish; inventing; merciful
3. Prepared（准备好的）；decided on；approaches; removing their habitat [动词-ing形式作approaches（接近，方法，途径）的同位语]
4. abruptly disappeared; convenient (便利的，附近的)；adjust
5. with great caution（小心地）; found them very sleepy
6. passive; merrily released（释放）; back into the wild
7. Pressed; seize; recognition（承认）; patent office
8. criteria; get new ideas accepted; novel (adj. 新颖的；n. 小说)
9. filled in; filed my patent application （file vt. 提交，把......归档；n. 文件）
10.the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods
11. exploring; dynamic spirit
12. stable；proved invaluable (无价的，极宝贵的)
写作运用
学写求职信
1. 写作分析：
文体：书信类，注意书信的一些基本格式。
时态：常用一般现在时和一般过去时
结构：1）开门见山，说明写信的缘由与动机。
2）自我介绍，包括个人情况、工作经历及申请这份工作的理由等。
3）表示你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。
要求：1）篇幅不宜过长，要简明扼要。
2）态度要诚恳，实事求是。
3）信息要精炼且有针对性。
4）语气要客气、礼貌。
典型词句：
1. 说明求职信缘由与动机
I would like to apply to become a ... in your company. 我想申请成为你们公司的......
In today’s newspaper I noticed your advertisement for ...
在今天的报纸上我注意到你们......的广告。
2. 介绍个人情况
I graduated from... 我毕业于......
I am experienced in .../ I have experience of ... 我经历过......
I have had four years’ experience in my present post as ...
我做现在这个作......的职位有四年了。
I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your requirements.
我相信我的学历和经验都符合你们的要求。
3. 结尾
I hope to have the pleasure of an interview. 我希望获得面试的荣幸。
I would appreciate your call at... 如果你给......打电话，我会很感激的。
I hope that you will give my application careful attention.希望你能关注我的申请。
An early reply would be appreciated. Thank you. 如能早日回复，我会非常感激。谢谢。
I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration.
如果我的请求得到你们善意的关注，我会非常感激。
写作范文
假如你是高中生李华。你从《中国日报》上得知某知名外企要招聘暑期实习生，主要收集整理关于公司产品方面的最新发明信息。请根据下面要点提示，给该公司写一封求职信。
要点如下：
1. 平时很关注科技发明方面的新闻；
2. 喜欢搞小发明，已获得一项专利；
3. 擅长英语，尤其是阅读和写作能力好。
参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I read in the China Daily that you are looking for a part-time secretary and I hope I will prove to be just the kind of person you are looking for.
According to the advertisement, your company needs a person to sort out the latest information on inventions during the summer holiday. I feel that I am competent（有能力的）to meet these requirements. I am interested in news about scientific inventions and I spend most of my spare time inventing things. So far I have obtained one patent. In addition, my teacher says I am very good at English and he says that my ability to read and write English is beyond question.
I would be most grateful if you could allow me to work for your company as a secretary for two months. Thank you for reading my application letter. I look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
话题作文
写一份英语报告，介绍中国的一项重要发明。内容应该包括：
1. 对这项发明的描述；
2. 用途；
3. 用法；
4. 发明时间。
参考词汇：
abacus 算盘 bead 珠子 string（strung，strung）排成一列/一串
manipulate 熟练操作
参考范文：
The Abacus
The abacus was originally made of wood. It is a rectangular shape with beads strung on it. The shape is unevenly divided so that there are more beads in one part than the other.
To use an abacus you need to take lessons. The smaller part with fewer beads represents the higher numbers and the larger part with more beads represents the smaller numbers. By manipulating these beads you can do a series of different calculations.
An abacus can be used to add figures quickly or do a series of complicated mathematical problems. People who are skilled with it can work as fast as a person using a modern calculator.
The abacus was in general used from earliest times in China. It is not known whether one person or a group of people invented it. But its value for computation is invaluable. It is one of the few Chinese inventions that were not adopted by the West.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. As is known to all, elephants are _______ by their long trunks.
A. recognized B. named C. distinguished D. accepted
2. Don’t be so ___________.You should catch any chance if you can.
A. active. B. passive C. interested D. rude
3. It is well known that Thomas Edison ________ the electric lamp.
A. invented B. discovered C. found D. developed
4. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _____ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered
C. has discovered D. has been discovered
5. The journalist immediately set out to ________ these important facts.
A. contain B. include C. conclude D. obtain
6. —What time would it be _______ for me to come round?
—Any time will do as long as you are free.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
7. —Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
—________. I’ll go and ask him to answer the call.
A. Please hold the line B. Please hang off
C. Sorry, he isn’t here now D. Sorry. I’m afraid you have the wrong number
8. Mrs. Black isn’t in and I’ll have to ring _______. I would appreciate it if she rings ________ after 6 o’clock.
A. off; back B. up; off C. out; up D. back; off
9. —There is only three days left, but we still have a pile of papers to deal with.
—Don’t worry. We have already ________ two thirds of them after all.
A. got over B. got through C. given up D. given away
10. Before we put the project plan into practice, we have to ________ all the details for it.
A. go through B. cut through C. get through D. put through
11. I’m glad that my parents have ________ of me buying a new car.
A. agreed B. promised C. allowed D. approved
12. ________ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
13. I hope that the teacher can be merciful _______ me, or I cannot get through the exam.
A. to B. in C. on D. at
14. ________, I realized what I’d said, but it was too late.
A. Constantly B. Frequently C. Abruptly D. Repeatedly
15. All the drivers were required to drive their cars ________ caution.
A. in B. of C. with D. at
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Bob Richard shares with us a moving story about a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart．
Practice 1 practice，he eagerly gave everything he had．But being half the 2 of other boys，he got absolutely nowhere．At all the games，this 3 athlete sat on the bench and 4 ever played．This teenager lived alone with his father．Even though the son was always on the 5 ，his father was always in the stands 6 ．He never missed a game．
The young man was still the 7 of the class when he entered high school．But his father continued to encourage him．The young man loved football and decided to hang in there．He was 8 to try his best at every practice，and perhaps he’d get to play when he became a(n) 9 ．All through high school he never missed a practice or a game，but he 10 benchwarmer all four years．His 11 father was always in the stands，always with words of 12 for him．
When the young man went to college，he decided to 13 for the football team as a walk-on(临时队员)．Everyone was sure he could never make the cut，but he did． 14 admitted that he kept him on the roster(候选名单) because he always put his 15 into every practice，and at the same time，provided the other members with the 16 they badly needed．
His father shared his happiness and was sent season 17 for all the college games．This persistent young athlete never missed practice during his years at college，but he never got to play in a game．
It was the end of his senior football season，and as he ran 18 onto the practice field shortly before the big play-off game，the coach met him with a telegram．The young man read the telegram and he became deathly silent．
19 hard，“My father died this morning,” in deep sorrow he murmured to the coach．
“Coach，please let me play，I’ve just got to play today，”said the young man．
He looked at the coach，with tears in his eyes．and said，“Well，you knew my dad died．but did you know that my dad was blind?”The young man swallowed harder，“Dad came to all my games，but today was 20 he could see me play，and I wanted to show him I could do it!”
1．A．after B．in C．for D．by
2．A．body B．height C．weight D．size
3．A．grateful B．hopeful C．helpful D．wonderful
4．A．really B．mostly C．hardly D．probably
5．A．side B．bench C．way D．ground
6．A．watching B．accompanying C．participating D．cheering
7．A．smallest B．hardest C．highest D．shortest
8．A．engaged B．concerned C．determined D．forced
9．A．student B．senior C．athlete D．player
10．A．remained B．kept C．stayed D．seated
11．A．reliable B．kind C．faithful D．responsible
12．A．agreement B．sympathy C．comment D．encouragement
13．A．try out B．turn out C．go out D．let out
14．A．The boy B．The school C．The coach D．The master
15．A．head and hand B．heart and soul C．thought and mind D．ear and eye
16．A．spirit B．membership C．friendship D．practice
17．A．schedules B．arrangements C．tickets D．invitations
18．A．quickly B．deadly C．properly D．hurriedly
19．A．Crying B．Thinking C．Hiding D．Swallowing
20．A．the only time B．the first time C．the last time D．the right time
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳答案。
Technology is quickly changing our lives．And an older technology sector is about to get red hot．Our current aerospace companies are fading away as private space concerns are being born every day．I’m going to discuss three space-based businesses that are sure to soon influence us all．
First we have to get to orbit(轨道) cheaply and safely．Rocketry and engine design are the main challenges．To make profits in space the cost to orbit will have to fall dramatically．This problem will be the most difficult．Using liquid fueled rockets is the only current way to get out of Earth orbit．Finding new ways to power the flight to space is another huge challenge．
Finding the key to cheap space travel might be the biggest story of our times．There are a lot of great minds working on this problem．And companies are pouring money into research and development．In the next few years we will see the first sub-orbital tourist．And not long after that we should really start to see new and exciting things as the sector heats up．
Spacecraft design and production will naturally follow rocket technology．All sorts of crafts will be needed for the multitude of uses they will be tasked with．Several companies in the United States have already constructed small，low-cost test vehicles．
Resources in space will provide great mining profits to those who can bear the initial cost of setting up such a huge operation．Can you imagine finding a huge asteroid of pure gold? The benefit to mankind is limitless．Mining on other planets，like Mars，also adds CO2 into the very thin atmosphere．Over time this can lead to the formation of an atmosphere similar to Earth．
Space is going to offer us untold opportunity and wealth．But this is only going to occur if wealthy investors step forward and the initial fund steps forward．One certain thing is，that technology will take us to worlds we could have never imagined．
1．The passage is mainly about _______．
A．the future of space travel
B．the future of economy in space
C．the development of spacecrafts
D．the cheap travel in the future
2．What elemental thing should be done to make travel in space cheap and safe?
A．A direct route from earth to other stars should be found．
B．Some new kinds of fuel should be used in the rockets．
C．New material should be found to build the rockets．
D．New engines of the rockets should be designed．
3．What benefit does the author say mining could bring to the other planets?
A．It will boost the travel industry there．
B．It will help form the atmosphere there．
C．It will bring some new species to them．
D．It will create more life opportunities there．
4．We know from the passage that the author thinks space-based businesses are ________．
A．hopeful B．imaginary C．unbelievable D．valuable
5．In which column of newspapers can you read this passage?
A．Earth． B．Business． C．Culture． D．Politics．
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
Crying marriage? 1 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 2 (remain) in fashion 3 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 4 (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 5 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 6 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 7__ as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases __8 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a __9 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the __10 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
（2）
Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country __1__be considered extremely rude in another. Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners __2__ the modern table manners in Korea. __3__ (tradition), it was the woman’s job to cook food and __4__ (set) the table. The woman would sit __5__ her husband to make sure that he had everything he needed for a pleasant meal. Only __6__ the husband finished, would the woman and her children eat. Nowadays, table manners have changed a lot. __7__ of the family members eat together at the same time. It is common to see everyone help with the meal, __8__ (include) the husband. One tradition, however, has not changed. It is that the oldest person starts the meal. __9__ (stay) until the oldest person is finished is considered to be __10__ basic tradition of Korean table manners.
五、书面表达
假如你是李华，在暑期即将来临之际，你看到你市一家旅行社招聘短期助理的广告。请你根据以下情况，用英语给该旅行社写一封求职信。
姓名
李华
年龄
17
学历
高中在读
个人特长
1. 英语流利，喜爱旅行，有丰富的历史、地理知识，熟悉本地情况；
2. 善于交际、乐于助人
承诺
圆满完成旅行社交给的各项任务
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C。句意：众所周知，大象的特征是它的长鼻子。distinguish 辨别，使自己扬名；recognize 认出，认可。
2. B。passive 被动的，消极的；active 积极的。应该抓住机会，所以不能太消极，所以选B。
3. A。爱迪生是“发明”的电灯，所以选invented。
4. D。此句是虚拟语气，句意：如果牛顿现在仍然活着，他将会被现在的科学技术领域的发现所震惊。“已经被发现的”是现在的事实，不用虚拟语气，所以用现在完成时。
5. D。obtain 获得，取得；conclude 得出结论。句意：记者们离开动身去获取这些重要真相。
6. A。It is convenient to/for sb.表示 “对某人来说方便”。convenient可作定语和表语，意思为“合适的；方便的；便利的”。fair 公平的，中等的；comfortable 舒服的。句意：我什么时候来方便呢？
7. A。句意：请等一会儿，我去找他接电话。hold the line意思为 “别挂断电话”，与I’ll go and ask him to answer the call.相吻合， B、C、D均不合题意。hang off挂断电话。
8. A。要找的人不在，所以要挂断电话（ring off），并希望她能够回电话（ring back）。ring up 打电话；ring out 打出电话。
9. B。句意：我们毕竟已经完成了三分之二了。get over克服, 熬过，做完（不愉快的事等）；get through 到达，做完，打通（电话）；give up 放弃；give away 分发，赠送，泄露。
10. A。句意：在实施这项工程计划前，我们必须仔细检查它的所有细节。go through 仔细检查，经历；cut through 穿过；get through 通过，接通；put through 打通电话。
11. D。approve of 赞成，approve也是及物动词，表示“批准，通过”；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。promise sb. to do sth. 许诺某人做某事。
12. A。句意：接近市中心时，我们看到了一座大约10米高的石雕。由语境可知，逗号前部分为时间状语，不是表示目的，排除C、D项；主句的主语we与approach是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式。
13. A。句意：我希望老师能对我手下留情，否则我过不了考试。be merciful to sb. 为常见句型，意为“对某人仁慈，宽容”。
14. C。句意：突然我意识到我所说的话（错了），但为时已晚。constantly 经常地，不断地；frequently 频繁地；repeatedly 再三地，多次地。abruptly 突然地，意外地。
15. C。句意：所有司机都被要求小心驾车。with caution 小心地。
二、完形填空
1．A。从短语的搭配特点看，这里用介词after，practice after practice表示“一次接一次的训练”。
2．D。第一段提到这个孩子很瘦弱(skinny)，因此这里表示他的块头小，而不是他的身高或体重只有其他运动员的一半，因此没有得到重用。
3．B。每次训练他都很努力，但是在所有的比赛中他只能坐在凳子上当观众。尽管如此，他还是充满希望。用hopeful表示“怀有希望的”。
4．C。在所有的比赛中他都sat on the bench，几乎从来没有参加过这些比赛。用hardly表示“几乎不”。
5．B。即使他的孩子在比赛中总是坐在凳子上观看，从来没有上场，父亲总是出现在看台上为队员欢呼喝彩(cheering)，一场也不落下。故选B。第3空后有提示。
6．D。见上题解析。
7．A。这个孩子进了高中还是班上块头最小的(smallest)学生。本空与第2空呼应。
8．C。这里用be determined to do sth．表示“决心做某事”；他下定决心，要在每一场训练中都尽全力。
9．B。前面说他进入high school，因此这里用senior表示“（最）高年级学生”，与下一段说他进入大学相呼应。
10．A。整个中学阶段，他每次的训练都不落下，每次的比赛他都在场，但是他仍然坐了四年的板凳。这里用remain表示“仍然”。
11．C。而他的父亲在这四年时间里一直在看台上当观众，可谓是忠诚的支持者。这里用faithful表示“忠诚的”。
12．D。尽管在这四年里孩子仍然没能参加比赛，但父亲一直鼓励着孩子。A“同意”，B“同情”，C“评论”，都不符合语境。
13．A。try out for sth．表示“参加选拔；争取成为”。他上大学了，决定去参加足球队的选拔。
14．C。把他的名字保留到候选名单上是由球队的教练(The coach)来决定的。
15．B。他每次的训练都是那么投入。这里用heart and soul表示“全身心地”。
16．A。他每次训练都是全身心地投入，这能为其他队员带来精神(spirit)力量。
17．C。season ticket表示“月票，长期票”。
18．D。从全文这个男孩对足球的热爱看，这里应该用hurriedly表示“匆忙地，急忙”。最后决赛快开始的时候，他急忙跑到训练场去参加训练。A“快速地”不如D项更能描述他当时急切的心情。B“极其，非常”，C“适当地”，不符合语境。
19．D。swallow表示“抑制，使……不流露”。最后一段的“swallowed harder”是答案提示。
20．B。从上文的叙述可知，这将是他第一次参加比赛。因此选B。
三、阅读理解
1．B。主旨大意题。从文章第一段的I’m going to discuss three space-based businesses that are sure to soon influence us all可知，作者在文章中主要给我们介绍了三种与太空有关的商业形式。
2．D。细节理解题。从第二段的Rocketry and engine design are the main challenges可知，要让太空旅游便宜又安全，必须设计出新型火箭及新型发动机。
3．B。细节理解题。从第五段的Mining on other planets，like Mars，also adds CO2 into the very thin atmosphere．Over time this can lead to the formation of an atmosphere similar to Earth可知，在其他行星采矿有助于其大气层的形成。
4．A。推理判断题。从最后一段Space is going to offer us untold opportunity and wealth可知，作者对发展太空相关商业是充满希望的。
5．B。推理判断题。从第一段的I’m going to discuss three space-based businesses that are sure to soon influence us all以及最后一段的But this is only going to occur if wealthy investors step forward and the initial fund steps forward可推断，这篇文章非常有可能出现在报纸的商业专栏中。
四、语法填空
（1）
1. Surprising。此句是省略句，省略了It is，所以填surprising，表示事物的性质，意为“令人吃惊的”。
2.remained。与上文的existed并列，所以用一般过去时。
3. until/till。“remained in fashion”一直持续到清朝末期。until/till 到……为止。
4. necessity。view… as 把……看成，介词as后应接名词，所以填necessary的名词necessity，意为“必需品”。
5. the。the same 意为“同样的”。
6. Otherwise。从上下文可知，此处填otherwise，表示“否则的话”。
7. her。从上文可知，新娘的邻居会看不起新娘，用代词her代替“新娘”。
8. in。cases意为“情况”，which代替cases在定语从句中作要填的介词in的宾语，意为“在……情况下”。
9. way/means。way和means意为“方法、方式”。
10. arranged。婚礼是被“安排”的，arrange与marriages是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
（2）
1. may。根据句意“一个国家所接受的东西可能在另一个国家被认为相当粗鲁”，应该填may。
2. and。“the modern table manners”与上文“the traditional table manners”并列，所以填并列连词and。
3. Traditionally。traditionally 传统上，按传统。
4. set。set与上文的cook并列，省略了不定式符号的to。set the table在桌子上摆放餐具。
5. bybeside。从下文可知妻子要照顾丈夫吃饭，所以应该是坐在丈夫“旁边（by/beside）”。
6. after。只有丈夫吃完后（after），女人和孩子才会吃饭。
7. All。“所有的”的家庭成员一起吃饭。
8. including。从句子的上半部分可知已经有了谓语is，include要用非谓语动词，因为everyone与include（包括）是主动关系，用including。
9. Staying。从谓语动词is可知要填的词stay是主语，所以用其-ing形式。
10. a。a basic tradition 一种基本的传统/惯例。
五、书面表达
Dear Sir/ Madam,
My name is Li Hua. I would like to become an assistant in your travel agency. I am a boy of 17 and studying at a high school now. You may depend upon it that I can speak fluent English and I know how to communicate with foreigners from different cultures. I, myself, am fond of traveling very much and have been to many places with my parents, and I am especially familiar with the local tourism sites. I think my best quality is that I enjoy socializing with others and I’m always ready to give help whenever it is needed. I promise I will finish all the work you give me if I get the position.
I would be grateful if you could consider employing me in your agency.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
语言积累
交际用语
打电话
Which extension ... please? 分机号是......？
Can I speak to ... please? 我能和......说话吗？
Hold the line，please．/ Hang on，please．请不要挂断。
Just a moment，please．请等一下。
I’m sorry，but this phone is out of order．对不起，但是电话出故障了。
I can’t get through．我打不通。
Sorry．He / She isn’t here right now．对不起，他/她不在。
Can I ring back later? 我能一会再打回去吗？
I’ll ring him / her up again．我会再打给他/她。
I must ring off now because.... 我必须挂断了，因为......
话题语句（1）
发现和发明（Discoveries and inventions）
1. A discovery is an act or the process of finding out something already existing in nature but not yet known. 发现（discovery）指找到存在于自然界却不为人知的事物的行为和过程。
An invention is creating something not existing before.
发明是创造出以前不存在的事物。
2. The four great Chinese inventions：
printing 印刷术 paper-making 造纸 compass 指南针 gunpowder 火药
3. What’s the connection (联系) between discovery and invention?
Discoveries (发现)
Inventions（发明）
Electricity 电
1. Systems of delivering electrical light and heating to homes and offices
给住宅和办公室输送电力光和暖气的系统
2.Household machines for washing, ironing, keeping food cold
洗涤、熨烫、食物冷藏的家用机器
3. Computers, telephones, television
计算机、电话、电视
The movement of air空气流动
1. Airplane jet engines 飞机喷气引擎
2. Air balloons 气球
The circulation of the blood 血液循环
Machines to help people with serious disease (like kidney failure) 帮助治疗严重疾病（如肾衰）的机器
X-rays X射线
1. Body scanners to see whether you are ill
身体扫描设备检查是否生病
2. Machines to treat illnesses (like cancer)
治疗疾病（如癌症）的机器
Discoveries often lead to inventions. Inventions are often based on discoveries.
话题语句（2）
Applying for a patent
1. Stages（进程）every inventor must go through before it is approved（批准、认可）
Finding a problem 发现问题
Doing research 研究问题
Thinking of a creative solution 想出创造性的解决办法
Testing the solution 测试结论
Deciding on the invention 确定发明
Applying for a patent 申请专利（权）
2. Advantages of getting a patent
You are recognized as a real inventor. 作为发明者得到承认。
You can make money if you sell your invention to others. 卖掉发明可以挣钱。
You will become famous. 会出名。
You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention.
你能够证明你曾是这项发明的第一发明人。
3. Patent office (专利局) plays the role of deciding what is an invention and what is not. And only inventions can get patents and they can be recognized and protected.
More inventions
1.Electric shoes
The heel of these shoes is a machine that makes electricity with every step you take. You will never need to buy batteries again.
2. Inflatable bicycle 可充电自行车
You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again. If you use our inflatable bike, you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
3. Edible chopsticks 可食用筷子
Never throw away or wash chopsticks again. These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly（环保的）. Save trees and have a snack（小吃）at the same time — they come in five different flavours（味道）.
4. An amphibious (水陆两用的) car (2003)
This is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways（斜着）and move into the body. The underneath (下面) of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype (雏形) and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an interesting modern invention.
5. Stephenson’s “Rocket” (1781-1848)
George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. One of the first tracks（轨道）to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along the line.
6. The Structure of DNA
This was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 1953. These two scientists were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals (螺旋式上升或下降) of DNA (called the double-helix 双螺旋). This work led directly to the human genome（基因组）project in 2003, which discovered the Structure of DNA.
话题语句（3）
【Inventors and inventions 语言应用】
Inventions have changed our lives
We live in the age of science. People live, move and think in terms of science. Water, air, time and space have been conquered. Man has harnessed（控制）the forces of nature to his own use. Science has helped man to lead a better life than ever before.
要点提示：
in terms of 就......而言，从......方面说来，依据
In all walks of life man has made wonderful progress. It has given us very swift means of communication transport. The steam engine, the motor car and now the airplane have conquered time and space. Man can now travel from one place to another in a short time. A journey of weeks and months is now performed in a few hours.
要点提示：
walk生活方式，社会地位，身分，职业，行业 steam engine 蒸汽机
Then there are the telegraph, the telephone and the wireless. The wireless has made it possible to send messages to any part of the world in the twinkling of an eye. The radio has made the dull evenings at home bright. One can hear news, dialogues and speeches from the distant parts of the world while sitting at home. Television, the latest development of wireless telegraphy, enables people to see the picture as well as hear voices.
要点提示：
1. wireless n. 无线电接收机或发射机 adj. 不用电线的，用无线电传送的
2. telegraphy 电信技术
3. “the +单数名词”结构：表示一类人或事物，如上两段的the telegraph, the telephone 等。
Electricity, the greatest gift of science works the fans, cooks food, sweeps floors, irons clothes, air-conditions or warms the houses and offices, washes dishes, lights houses, streets and towns, runs trains and buses, works the mills and factories and diagnoses and cures diseases.
要点提示：
1. 注意常用作名词或形容词等，此段中用作及物动词的词：work（使......工作），warm，light，run（使......移动/跑），air-condition（用空调调节）等。
2. mill 磨坊，工厂 diagnose 诊断
Medical science has advanced a good deal. It helps the doctors to locate the disease. Terrible diseases have been brought under control. Plastic surgery can change one’s face and complexion. Science has thus helped man in his fight against disease. The various inventions and discoveries of science have greatly added to the comforts of life.
要点提示：
advance（使）发展，提高 locate 找出，坐落在
bring... under control 使......处于控制之中 plastic surgery 整形手术
complexion 肤色
Science has entered our life so powerfully that we have started thinking in a scientific way. It has all together changed our outlook on life. However, we now want to know the how and why of things. The age of superstitious beliefs is over. Scientific inventions have not all been for our good.
要点提示：outlook展望 superstitious 迷信的 good 好处，利益
Science has given man deadly weapons. The long-range guns, poisonous gases, atom bombs and many other destructive weapons of warfare have made the life of man most insecure. Another war, and the whole world will be destroyed in a minute by nuclear weapons.
要点提示：
deadly weapon 致死的武器 atom bomb 原子弹 destructive 有破坏性的
warfare 战争，战争状态 insecure 不安全的 nuclear 核的，原子核的
Another war, and... 是“祈使句+and+分句”结构，前面的祈使句相当于条件状语从句，即“如果再有一次战争的话”。■
话题语句（4）
有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1. 你能不能把它们赶走(除掉)？
Can you ___________ them please?
2. 这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
Here was a chance for me ____________ myself by ________ something _______ that would catch snakes but not harm them.
3. 经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的方法：第一，铲除它们的栖息地......
_________ with some research findings, I ____________ three possible _________: firstly, _________________...
4. 它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了，于是我只得调整我的计划。
They _____________ into a _________ hole in the wall. So I had to _________ my plan.
5. 这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
This time __________ I bent down to examine the snakes and I __________.
6. 我把这些温顺的蛇收集起来，第二天就愉快地把它们全都释放到野外了。
I collected the _______ snakes and the next day we _______________ them all ________.
7. 由于朋友和亲戚的督促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对这次成功的想法给予认可。
________ by my friends and relations, I decided to ________ the opportunity to get _________ for my successful idea by sending my invention to the _____________.
8. (评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
The ________ are so strict that it is difficult to _______________ unless they are truly ______.
9. 于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了专利申请书。
So I have __________ the form and ________________ with the Patent Office.
10. 偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。
Leave __________________________.
11. 正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神力量成就了他那著名的发明——1876年的电话。
It was this _______ around problems and his ______________ that led to his most famous invention — the telephone in 1876.
12. 它很稳定，被证明是在桥梁设计中的无价之宝。
Being very ________, it has _______________ in the design of bridges.
参考答案：
1. get rid of
2. to distinguish; inventing; merciful
3. Prepared（准备好的）；decided on；approaches; removing their habitat [动词-ing形式作approaches（接近，方法，途径）的同位语]
4. abruptly disappeared; convenient (便利的，附近的)；adjust
5. with great caution（小心地）; found them very sleepy
6. passive; merrily released（释放）; back into the wild
7. Pressed; seize; recognition（承认）; patent office
8. criteria; get new ideas accepted; novel (adj. 新颖的；n. 小说)
9. filled in; filed my patent application （file vt. 提交，把......归档；n. 文件）
10.the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods
11. exploring; dynamic spirit
12. stable；proved invaluable (无价的，极宝贵的)
写作运用
学写求职信
1. 写作分析：
文体：书信类，注意书信的一些基本格式。
时态：常用一般现在时和一般过去时
结构：1）开门见山，说明写信的缘由与动机。
2）自我介绍，包括个人情况、工作经历及申请这份工作的理由等。
3）表示你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。
要求：1）篇幅不宜过长，要简明扼要。
2）态度要诚恳，实事求是。
3）信息要精炼且有针对性。
4）语气要客气、礼貌。
典型词句：
1. 说明求职信缘由与动机
I would like to apply to become a ... in your company. 我想申请成为你们公司的......
In today’s newspaper I noticed your advertisement for ...
在今天的报纸上我注意到你们......的广告。
2. 介绍个人情况
I graduated from... 我毕业于......
I am experienced in .../ I have experience of ... 我经历过......
I have had four years’ experience in my present post as ...
我做现在这个作......的职位有四年了。
I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your requirements.
我相信我的学历和经验都符合你们的要求。
3. 结尾
I hope to have the pleasure of an interview. 我希望获得面试的荣幸。
I would appreciate your call at... 如果你给......打电话，我会很感激的。
I hope that you will give my application careful attention.希望你能关注我的申请。
An early reply would be appreciated. Thank you. 如能早日回复，我会非常感激。谢谢。
I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration.
如果我的请求得到你们善意的关注，我会非常感激。
写作范文
假如你是高中生李华。你从《中国日报》上得知某知名外企要招聘暑期实习生，主要收集整理关于公司产品方面的最新发明信息。请根据下面要点提示，给该公司写一封求职信。
要点如下：
1. 平时很关注科技发明方面的新闻；
2. 喜欢搞小发明，已获得一项专利；
3. 擅长英语，尤其是阅读和写作能力好。
参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I read in the China Daily that you are looking for a part-time secretary and I hope I will prove to be just the kind of person you are looking for.
According to the advertisement, your company needs a person to sort out the latest information on inventions during the summer holiday. I feel that I am competent（有能力的）to meet these requirements. I am interested in news about scientific inventions and I spend most of my spare time inventing things. So far I have obtained one patent. In addition, my teacher says I am very good at English and he says that my ability to read and write English is beyond question.
I would be most grateful if you could allow me to work for your company as a secretary for two months. Thank you for reading my application letter. I look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
话题作文
写一份英语报告，介绍中国的一项重要发明。内容应该包括：
1. 对这项发明的描述；
2. 用途；
3. 用法；
4. 发明时间。
参考词汇：
abacus 算盘 bead 珠子 string（strung，strung）排成一列/一串
manipulate 熟练操作
参考范文：
The Abacus
The abacus was originally made of wood. It is a rectangular shape with beads strung on it. The shape is unevenly divided so that there are more beads in one part than the other.
To use an abacus you need to take lessons. The smaller part with fewer beads represents the higher numbers and the larger part with more beads represents the smaller numbers. By manipulating these beads you can do a series of different calculations.
An abacus can be used to add figures quickly or do a series of complicated mathematical problems. People who are skilled with it can work as fast as a person using a modern calculator.
The abacus was in general used from earliest times in China. It is not known whether one person or a group of people invented it. But its value for computation is invaluable. It is one of the few Chinese inventions that were not adopted by the West.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. As is known to all, elephants are _______ by their long trunks.
A. recognized B. named C. distinguished D. accepted
2. Don’t be so ___________.You should catch any chance if you can.
A. active. B. passive C. interested D. rude
3. It is well known that Thomas Edison ________ the electric lamp.
A. invented B. discovered C. found D. developed
4. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _____ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered
C. has discovered D. has been discovered
5. The journalist immediately set out to ________ these important facts.
A. contain B. include C. conclude D. obtain
6. —What time would it be _______ for me to come round?
—Any time will do as long as you are free.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
7. —Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
—________. I’ll go and ask him to answer the call.
A. Please hold the line B. Please hang off
C. Sorry, he isn’t here now D. Sorry. I’m afraid you have the wrong number
8. Mrs. Black isn’t in and I’ll have to ring _______. I would appreciate it if she rings ________ after 6 o’clock.
A. off; back B. up; off C. out; up D. back; off
9. —There is only three days left, but we still have a pile of papers to deal with.
—Don’t worry. We have already ________ two thirds of them after all.
A. got over B. got through C. given up D. given away
10. Before we put the project plan into practice, we have to ________ all the details for it.
A. go through B. cut through C. get through D. put through
11. I’m glad that my parents have ________ of me buying a new car.
A. agreed B. promised C. allowed D. approved
12. ________ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
13. I hope that the teacher can be merciful _______ me, or I cannot get through the exam.
A. to B. in C. on D. at
14. ________, I realized what I’d said, but it was too late.
A. Constantly B. Frequently C. Abruptly D. Repeatedly
15. All the drivers were required to drive their cars ________ caution.
A. in B. of C. with D. at
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Bob Richard shares with us a moving story about a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart．
Practice 1 practice，he eagerly gave everything he had．But being half the 2 of other boys，he got absolutely nowhere．At all the games，this 3 athlete sat on the bench and 4 ever played．This teenager lived alone with his father．Even though the son was always on the 5 ，his father was always in the stands 6 ．He never missed a game．
The young man was still the 7 of the class when he entered high school．But his father continued to encourage him．The young man loved football and decided to hang in there．He was 8 to try his best at every practice，and perhaps he’d get to play when he became a(n) 9 ．All through high school he never missed a practice or a game，but he 10 benchwarmer all four years．His 11 father was always in the stands，always with words of 12 for him．
When the young man went to college，he decided to 13 for the football team as a walk-on(临时队员)．Everyone was sure he could never make the cut，but he did． 14 admitted that he kept him on the roster(候选名单) because he always put his 15 into every practice，and at the same time，provided the other members with the 16 they badly needed．
His father shared his happiness and was sent season 17 for all the college games．This persistent young athlete never missed practice during his years at college，but he never got to play in a game．
It was the end of his senior football season，and as he ran 18 onto the practice field shortly before the big play-off game，the coach met him with a telegram．The young man read the telegram and he became deathly silent．
19 hard，“My father died this morning,” in deep sorrow he murmured to the coach．
“Coach，please let me play，I’ve just got to play today，”said the young man．
He looked at the coach，with tears in his eyes．and said，“Well，you knew my dad died．but did you know that my dad was blind?”The young man swallowed harder，“Dad came to all my games，but today was 20 he could see me play，and I wanted to show him I could do it!”
1．A．after B．in C．for D．by
2．A．body B．height C．weight D．size
3．A．grateful B．hopeful C．helpful D．wonderful
4．A．really B．mostly C．hardly D．probably
5．A．side B．bench C．way D．ground
6．A．watching B．accompanying C．participating D．cheering
7．A．smallest B．hardest C．highest D．shortest
8．A．engaged B．concerned C．determined D．forced
9．A．student B．senior C．athlete D．player
10．A．remained B．kept C．stayed D．seated
11．A．reliable B．kind C．faithful D．responsible
12．A．agreement B．sympathy C．comment D．encouragement
13．A．try out B．turn out C．go out D．let out
14．A．The boy B．The school C．The coach D．The master
15．A．head and hand B．heart and soul C．thought and mind D．ear and eye
16．A．spirit B．membership C．friendship D．practice
17．A．schedules B．arrangements C．tickets D．invitations
18．A．quickly B．deadly C．properly D．hurriedly
19．A．Crying B．Thinking C．Hiding D．Swallowing
20．A．the only time B．the first time C．the last time D．the right time
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳答案。
Technology is quickly changing our lives．And an older technology sector is about to get red hot．Our current aerospace companies are fading away as private space concerns are being born every day．I’m going to discuss three space-based businesses that are sure to soon influence us all．
First we have to get to orbit(轨道) cheaply and safely．Rocketry and engine design are the main challenges．To make profits in space the cost to orbit will have to fall dramatically．This problem will be the most difficult．Using liquid fueled rockets is the only current way to get out of Earth orbit．Finding new ways to power the flight to space is another huge challenge．
Finding the key to cheap space travel might be the biggest story of our times．There are a lot of great minds working on this problem．And companies are pouring money into research and development．In the next few years we will see the first sub-orbital tourist．And not long after that we should really start to see new and exciting things as the sector heats up．
Spacecraft design and production will naturally follow rocket technology．All sorts of crafts will be needed for the multitude of uses they will be tasked with．Several companies in the United States have already constructed small，low-cost test vehicles．
Resources in space will provide great mining profits to those who can bear the initial cost of setting up such a huge operation．Can you imagine finding a huge asteroid of pure gold? The benefit to mankind is limitless．Mining on other planets，like Mars，also adds CO2 into the very thin atmosphere．Over time this can lead to the formation of an atmosphere similar to Earth．
Space is going to offer us untold opportunity and wealth．But this is only going to occur if wealthy investors step forward and the initial fund steps forward．One certain thing is，that technology will take us to worlds we could have never imagined．
1．The passage is mainly about _______．
A．the future of space travel
B．the future of economy in space
C．the development of spacecrafts
D．the cheap travel in the future
2．What elemental thing should be done to make travel in space cheap and safe?
A．A direct route from earth to other stars should be found．
B．Some new kinds of fuel should be used in the rockets．
C．New material should be found to build the rockets．
D．New engines of the rockets should be designed．
3．What benefit does the author say mining could bring to the other planets?
A．It will boost the travel industry there．
B．It will help form the atmosphere there．
C．It will bring some new species to them．
D．It will create more life opportunities there．
4．We know from the passage that the author thinks space-based businesses are ________．
A．hopeful B．imaginary C．unbelievable D．valuable
5．In which column of newspapers can you read this passage?
A．Earth． B．Business． C．Culture． D．Politics．
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
Crying marriage? 1 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 2 (remain) in fashion 3 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 4 (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 5 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 6 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 7__ as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases __8 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a __9 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the __10 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
（2）
Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country __1__be considered extremely rude in another. Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners __2__ the modern table manners in Korea. __3__ (tradition), it was the woman’s job to cook food and __4__ (set) the table. The woman would sit __5__ her husband to make sure that he had everything he needed for a pleasant meal. Only __6__ the husband finished, would the woman and her children eat. Nowadays, table manners have changed a lot. __7__ of the family members eat together at the same time. It is common to see everyone help with the meal, __8__ (include) the husband. One tradition, however, has not changed. It is that the oldest person starts the meal. __9__ (stay) until the oldest person is finished is considered to be __10__ basic tradition of Korean table manners.
五、书面表达
假如你是李华，在暑期即将来临之际，你看到你市一家旅行社招聘短期助理的广告。请你根据以下情况，用英语给该旅行社写一封求职信。
姓名
李华
年龄
17
学历
高中在读
个人特长
1. 英语流利，喜爱旅行，有丰富的历史、地理知识，熟悉本地情况；
2. 善于交际、乐于助人
承诺
圆满完成旅行社交给的各项任务
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C。句意：众所周知，大象的特征是它的长鼻子。distinguish 辨别，使自己扬名；recognize 认出，认可。
2. B。passive 被动的，消极的；active 积极的。应该抓住机会，所以不能太消极，所以选B。
3. A。爱迪生是“发明”的电灯，所以选invented。
4. D。此句是虚拟语气，句意：如果牛顿现在仍然活着，他将会被现在的科学技术领域的发现所震惊。“已经被发现的”是现在的事实，不用虚拟语气，所以用现在完成时。
5. D。obtain 获得，取得；conclude 得出结论。句意：记者们离开动身去获取这些重要真相。
6. A。It is convenient to/for sb.表示 “对某人来说方便”。convenient可作定语和表语，意思为“合适的；方便的；便利的”。fair 公平的，中等的；comfortable 舒服的。句意：我什么时候来方便呢？
7. A。句意：请等一会儿，我去找他接电话。hold the line意思为 “别挂断电话”，与I’ll go and ask him to answer the call.相吻合， B、C、D均不合题意。hang off挂断电话。
8. A。要找的人不在，所以要挂断电话（ring off），并希望她能够回电话（ring back）。ring up 打电话；ring out 打出电话。
9. B。句意：我们毕竟已经完成了三分之二了。get over克服, 熬过，做完（不愉快的事等）；get through 到达，做完，打通（电话）；give up 放弃；give away 分发，赠送，泄露。
10. A。句意：在实施这项工程计划前，我们必须仔细检查它的所有细节。go through 仔细检查，经历；cut through 穿过；get through 通过，接通；put through 打通电话。
11. D。approve of 赞成，approve也是及物动词，表示“批准，通过”；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。promise sb. to do sth. 许诺某人做某事。
12. A。句意：接近市中心时，我们看到了一座大约10米高的石雕。由语境可知，逗号前部分为时间状语，不是表示目的，排除C、D项；主句的主语we与approach是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式。
13. A。句意：我希望老师能对我手下留情，否则我过不了考试。be merciful to sb. 为常见句型，意为“对某人仁慈，宽容”。
14. C。句意：突然我意识到我所说的话（错了），但为时已晚。constantly 经常地，不断地；frequently 频繁地；repeatedly 再三地，多次地。abruptly 突然地，意外地。
15. C。句意：所有司机都被要求小心驾车。with caution 小心地。
二、完形填空
1．A。从短语的搭配特点看，这里用介词after，practice after practice表示“一次接一次的训练”。
2．D。第一段提到这个孩子很瘦弱(skinny)，因此这里表示他的块头小，而不是他的身高或体重只有其他运动员的一半，因此没有得到重用。
3．B。每次训练他都很努力，但是在所有的比赛中他只能坐在凳子上当观众。尽管如此，他还是充满希望。用hopeful表示“怀有希望的”。
4．C。在所有的比赛中他都sat on the bench，几乎从来没有参加过这些比赛。用hardly表示“几乎不”。
5．B。即使他的孩子在比赛中总是坐在凳子上观看，从来没有上场，父亲总是出现在看台上为队员欢呼喝彩(cheering)，一场也不落下。故选B。第3空后有提示。
6．D。见上题解析。
7．A。这个孩子进了高中还是班上块头最小的(smallest)学生。本空与第2空呼应。
8．C。这里用be determined to do sth．表示“决心做某事”；他下定决心，要在每一场训练中都尽全力。
9．B。前面说他进入high school，因此这里用senior表示“（最）高年级学生”，与下一段说他进入大学相呼应。
10．A。整个中学阶段，他每次的训练都不落下，每次的比赛他都在场，但是他仍然坐了四年的板凳。这里用remain表示“仍然”。
11．C。而他的父亲在这四年时间里一直在看台上当观众，可谓是忠诚的支持者。这里用faithful表示“忠诚的”。
12．D。尽管在这四年里孩子仍然没能参加比赛，但父亲一直鼓励着孩子。A“同意”，B“同情”，C“评论”，都不符合语境。
13．A。try out for sth．表示“参加选拔；争取成为”。他上大学了，决定去参加足球队的选拔。
14．C。把他的名字保留到候选名单上是由球队的教练(The coach)来决定的。
15．B。他每次的训练都是那么投入。这里用heart and soul表示“全身心地”。
16．A。他每次训练都是全身心地投入，这能为其他队员带来精神(spirit)力量。
17．C。season ticket表示“月票，长期票”。
18．D。从全文这个男孩对足球的热爱看，这里应该用hurriedly表示“匆忙地，急忙”。最后决赛快开始的时候，他急忙跑到训练场去参加训练。A“快速地”不如D项更能描述他当时急切的心情。B“极其，非常”，C“适当地”，不符合语境。
19．D。swallow表示“抑制，使……不流露”。最后一段的“swallowed harder”是答案提示。
20．B。从上文的叙述可知，这将是他第一次参加比赛。因此选B。
三、阅读理解
1．B。主旨大意题。从文章第一段的I’m going to discuss three space-based businesses that are sure to soon influence us all可知，作者在文章中主要给我们介绍了三种与太空有关的商业形式。
2．D。细节理解题。从第二段的Rocketry and engine design are the main challenges可知，要让太空旅游便宜又安全，必须设计出新型火箭及新型发动机。
3．B。细节理解题。从第五段的Mining on other planets，like Mars，also adds CO2 into the very thin atmosphere．Over time this can lead to the formation of an atmosphere similar to Earth可知，在其他行星采矿有助于其大气层的形成。
4．A。推理判断题。从最后一段Space is going to offer us untold opportunity and wealth可知，作者对发展太空相关商业是充满希望的。
5．B。推理判断题。从第一段的I’m going to discuss three space-based businesses that are sure to soon influence us all以及最后一段的But this is only going to occur if wealthy investors step forward and the initial fund steps forward可推断，这篇文章非常有可能出现在报纸的商业专栏中。
四、语法填空
（1）
1. Surprising。此句是省略句，省略了It is，所以填surprising，表示事物的性质，意为“令人吃惊的”。
2.remained。与上文的existed并列，所以用一般过去时。
3. until/till。“remained in fashion”一直持续到清朝末期。until/till 到……为止。
4. necessity。view… as 把……看成，介词as后应接名词，所以填necessary的名词necessity，意为“必需品”。
5. the。the same 意为“同样的”。
6. Otherwise。从上下文可知，此处填otherwise，表示“否则的话”。
7. her。从上文可知，新娘的邻居会看不起新娘，用代词her代替“新娘”。
8. in。cases意为“情况”，which代替cases在定语从句中作要填的介词in的宾语，意为“在……情况下”。
9. way/means。way和means意为“方法、方式”。
10. arranged。婚礼是被“安排”的，arrange与marriages是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
（2）
1. may。根据句意“一个国家所接受的东西可能在另一个国家被认为相当粗鲁”，应该填may。
2. and。“the modern table manners”与上文“the traditional table manners”并列，所以填并列连词and。
3. Traditionally。traditionally 传统上，按传统。
4. set。set与上文的cook并列，省略了不定式符号的to。set the table在桌子上摆放餐具。
5. bybeside。从下文可知妻子要照顾丈夫吃饭，所以应该是坐在丈夫“旁边（by/beside）”。
6. after。只有丈夫吃完后（after），女人和孩子才会吃饭。
7. All。“所有的”的家庭成员一起吃饭。
8. including。从句子的上半部分可知已经有了谓语is，include要用非谓语动词，因为everyone与include（包括）是主动关系，用including。
9. Staying。从谓语动词is可知要填的词stay是主语，所以用其-ing形式。
10. a。a basic tradition 一种基本的传统/惯例。
五、书面表达
Dear Sir/ Madam,
My name is Li Hua. I would like to become an assistant in your travel agency. I am a boy of 17 and studying at a high school now. You may depend upon it that I can speak fluent English and I know how to communicate with foreigners from different cultures. I, myself, am fond of traveling very much and have been to many places with my parents, and I am especially familiar with the local tourism sites. I think my best quality is that I enjoy socializing with others and I’m always ready to give help whenever it is needed. I promise I will finish all the work you give me if I get the position.
I would be grateful if you could consider employing me in your agency.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua