（人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions语言点及其练习
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| 更新时间 | 2019-08-17 16:09:47 | ||
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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions语言点
学习目标
重点词汇
distinguish, convenient, expectation, seize, valid,
bear, tap, current, associate practical
重点短语
now and then, set out (to do), set about, call up, hang on, get through,
out of order, dive into, ring back/ ring off
重点句型
从when cooled说开来
only引出的倒装结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
distinguish
【原句回放】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
【点拨】distinguish vt.& vi. 辨别，区别；显示......的差别；使......有所不同
常用搭配：distinguish ... from ... 把......与.....加以区分
distinguish between ... and... 把......与.....加以区分
distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己扬名
distinguish sb. by ... 凭借......辨认某人 I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在远处能够辨认出他们。
Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？
Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。
The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.
班长用自己的考试成绩使自己出名了。
【拓展】distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的
常用搭配： be distinguished for 因......而著名
Einstein was distinguished for his originality. 爱因斯坦以其独创性著称。
convenient
【原句回放】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
【点拨】convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient 的主语往往是物而不是人）
常用搭配：be convenient to sb. 对某人来说很方便
be convenient for ... 离......很近，对......来说方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you? 3点钟对你来说方便吗？
I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。
【拓展】convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施
常用搭配：at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
for the convenience of sb. = for one’s convenience 为了某人方便起见
expectation
【原句回放】This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。
【点拨】expectation n. 预料，期待，期望
注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，为不可数名词；当其意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。
常用搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料（较预期的大或好）
in expectation of 预料，期望，期待
against expectations 与预期相反
He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。
I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations.
我向来喜欢看他的影片,但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。
【拓展】expect vt. 预料，预期；期望
seize
【原句回放】Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. 由于朋友和亲戚的督促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这个成功的想法给予认可。
【点拨】seize vt. 抓住，捉住；（军事）占领；
（强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）
常用搭配：seize sth. from sb. 从某人那儿夺去某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机
seize hold of 抓住
She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。
Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。
Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud.
玛吉从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。
valid
【原句回放】There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. (专利局)还有一大批审查人员，他们的唯一职责就是审查你的专利是否有效。
【点拨】valid adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的
Your return ticket is valid for three months. 你的返程票有效期是三个月。
Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.
睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。
Please provide a valid screen name. 请输入有效的显示名。
bear
【原句回放】I can’t bear the smell of ... 我忍受不了......的气味。
【点拨】bear（bore, borne）vt. 忍受，忍耐，负担；生产（农作物等）
常用搭配：can’t bear doing /to do忍受不了做某事
(bear doing 表示习惯性动作；bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作)
bear in mind 牢记在心
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer, so I left the room. 我不忍再听下去了，就离开了房间。
She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛。
Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承载你的体重吗？
You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor.
你要牢记在心你父母希望你成为一名好医生。
【拓展】表示“忍受”的词和短语：
stand/ tolerate/ put up with 忍受，容忍 can’t have sb. doing sth. 不能忍受某人做某事
tap
【原句回放】This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order). 这种原始的电报是在一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息（莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击的一连串点划）。
【点拨】tap vt.& vi. 轻打，轻拍，轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
常用搭配：tap at/on 轻敲......；轻拍......
The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.
秘书10秒钟打出一份电报。
They won’t hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!
你只是轻拍门他们听不见。使劲敲！
current
【原句回放】If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire. 如果声波能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。
【点拨】current n. （水或气）流，电流；趋势
She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游。
We had better go with the current of the times. 我们最好跟上时代的潮流。
Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响人们思维的方向。
【拓展】current adj. 现时的，当今的；流通的，通用的
currency n. 通货, 货币；通用，流通
current English 当代英语
current money通用的货币
This word is no longer in current use. 这个词现在已经不用了。
The German currency is among the strongest in the world.
德国货币是世界上最坚挺的货币之一。
associate
【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
【点拨】associate vt. 联想, 把……联想在一起; 和……来往
常用搭配：associate...with 与……联系
She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。
Her parents didn’t like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。
In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions.
在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。
【拓展】associate n. 同伴；伙伴
He is one of my associates at the store. 他是我店里的一位同事。
practical
【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
【点拨】practical adj. 实际的，实践的, 可行的
He is very practical — he can make or mend almost anything.
他很有实践经验——会制作或修理几乎任何东西。
We have to be practical and buy only what we can afford.
我们要实际一些，只买我们能买得起的东西。
【拓展】practice / practise v. 练习，实践
practice n. 实习；实践，练习
We must put our plans into practice. 我们必须把计划付诸于实践。
You need more practice before you can play for our team.
你需要更多的练习才能进入我们队。
You won’t become a good singer if you don’t practice/ practise.
你不练习就成不了好歌手。
重点短语
【Unit 3 Inventors and inventions词语精讲】
now and then
【原句回放】Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. 蛇时不时地爬到屋子附近，似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。
【点拨】now and then 时而，偶尔地（= occasionally）
Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
她时而上楼看看他是不是睡着了。
【拓展】every now and then 有时，时而，不时
set out (to do)/ set about
set out (to do)
【原句回放】Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. 贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。
【点拨】set out to do sth. 开始做某事
He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
他着手粉刷整个房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。
【拓展】set out for 动身去某处
set out 动身
set about
【原句回放】I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。
【点拨】set about doing sth. 着手,开始做（注意about是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）
He set about learning Chinese at age ten (=at the age of ten).
他十岁时开始学中文。
She set about her housework straight after breakfast.
吃完早饭后，她直接就开始做家务了。
call up
【原句回放】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
【点拨】call up 给(……)打电话（也可用call sb. up）；使回想起
Forgive me so early to?call up?you please.
请原谅我这么早就给您打电话。
The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
这种愉悦的笑声唤起了他童年的回忆。
【拓展】与call有关的词组
call on 拜访（某人） call at 拜访（某地） call for 要求（=ask for）
call off 取消 call in 邀请，召集
hang on
【原句回放】Hang on, please. 请不要挂断（电话）。
【点拨】hang on （=hold on，表示“坚持某一状态”，其中hang 挂着，on 表示持续地）
1. 握住不放
He hung on until the rope broke. 他一直握住绳子不放，直到绳子断了。
2. 坚持
Although we are beaten, we must hang on. 虽然我们被打败了，我们一定要坚持。
3. (电话)不挂断
The line is busy；would you like to hang on? 线路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？
get through
【原句回放】I can’t get through. 我接不通（电话）。
【点拨】get through （through表示“from beginning to end”，强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）
1. 穿过; 通过
The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了，过不去。
2. 读完; (使)理解; 消化
I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting.
会前我有一大堆文件要浏览消化呢。
3. (用电话)接通某人
I rang you several times but wasn’t able to get through.
我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。
4. 完成
I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这本小说。
5. 用完, 花光
He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。
（此句中got through =used up和ran out of）
out of order
【原句回放】I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order. 对不起，电话出故障了。
【点拨】out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；秩序混乱
The vendor is?out of order?(=out of work) again.
这台自动售货机又坏了。
It was?out of order?for him to make such a tactless remark.?
他说出这种粗鲁的话是不正常的。
The boy’s room was?out of order (=messy). 这个男孩儿的房间很乱。
【拓展】order n. 顺序，订购，命令 ■
in order 处于正常状况，情况良好
dive into
【原句回放】Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. 偶尔离开平坦的路去寻求困境。（离开常走的大道，潜入森林。）
【点拨1】dive into迅速把手伸进；一心投入，潜入
He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins.
他将手伸入口袋中取出几枚硬币。
He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。
The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这个男孩从桥上跳入河中。
【点拨2】1. beaten track 踏平的路，一贯走的路
2. woods 原指“树林”，此句中有“险境，困境”的意思。
ring back/ ring off
【原句回放】Can I ring back later? 我可以稍晚回电话？
I must ring off now because... 我必须挂电话了，因为.......
【点拨】ring back 回复电话
ring off (= hang off) 挂断电话；停止讲话
Before I answered the telephone, he rang off．
我还没来得及回答，他就挂断了。
I’ll ring you back when I get the answer．我知道答案时，会给你回电话。
【拓展】打电话时用的其它词语：
ring up/call up打电话给…... hang on / hold the line别挂断
ring round 四处打电话 answer the phone 接电话
get through 打通电话 dial 拨（号） extension （电话）分机
重点句型
从when cooled说开来
【原句回放】Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。
【点拨】when cooled 连词+过去分词，相当于when引导的时间状语从句：when it is cooled
1. 状语从句的省略（省略“主语+be”）需具备的条件：
1）从句的谓语动词中有be；
2）主从句的主语一致或从句主语是it。
2. 状语从句的省略常用于五种从句：
1）if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句
He won’t go to the party unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加晚会。
2）as，as if 引导的条件状语从句
Henry looked about as if (he is) looking for someone. 亨利环视四周，仿佛在找人。
3）when, while, until/ till等引导的时间状语从句
When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时，（你）去向她求助。
4）although/ though, even if/ even though等引导的让步状语从句
She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她尽管身体仍非常虚弱，但学习十分努力。
5）as，than引导的比较状语从句
We finished the task two days earlier than (it had been) expected.
我们比预料的早两天完成了任务。
【拓展】注意：before/ after是介词，省略形式用：before/ after+动词-ing形式。
He gradually recovered after being treated for a time.
治疗了一段时间后他渐渐地康复了。
only引出的倒装结构
【原句回放】Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
【点拨】“only+状语（从句）+助/系/情态动词+主语+谓语......”句式
only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.
只有那时我们才能认为自己尽到了责任。
Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我多么爱他们。
但是：
only修饰句子的主语时不倒装。
Only the manager can solve the problem. 只有经理能解决这个问题。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用单词的正确形式完成句子。
1．People who can’t d_________ between colors are said to be color-blind.
2．An a_________ change in the weather resulted in the breakout of flu.
3．We thought Mary would pass and John would fail，but contrary to e_______ it was the other way round.
4．Our new boss seemed a d_______ and energetic leader.
5．The cheque is not v_______ if it is not signed by the finance director.
6．He went into the phone booth as soon as possible and d_______ the number.
7．Would it be__________(方便) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
8．Television is such a means that it keeps us informed about __________(当前发生的) events.
9．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a __________(稳定的) environment.
10．A ________ (实际的) person does not spend his money and time foolishly.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
call up； set about； in expectation of； hang on； out of order；
dive into； get through； ring off； now and then； set out
1．You should ________ the sea to find a pearl.
2．I’m sorry, but I’ve to __________ now. I have a train to catch.
3．I don’t think of my hometown very much, only _________.
4．As the Spring Festival was coming near, he was quite eager to ________ for his hometown.
5．I dialed several times，but I just couldn’t__________.
6．He was overlooked when they __________ choosing a new manager.
7．__________at your present job until you can get another.
8．My clock was __________ and woke me up at three this morning.
9．The smell of the sea __________ happy memories of my youth.
10．We waited at the station __________ her arrival.
三、单项选择
1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds ________ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.
A. to B. between C. for D. from
2. She can’t _________ to be laughed at though she is easy-going.
A. understand B. bear C. enjoy D. betray
3. The military government hopes to control the _______ of public opinion by controlling broadcasting.
A. current B. fashion C. measure D. flow
4. When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _________ suggestion.
A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable
5. --- I’d better ________ now. The water is boiling in the kitchen.
--- Good-bye.
A. ring back B. ring up C. hold on D. ring off
6. I should _____ to those old photographs — they must be valuable.
A. hang off B. hang up C. hang out D. hang on
7. He tried his best, but he couldn’t ________ the college entrance exams last year.
A. get through B. get over C. get up D. get away
8. When _________about the secret of his success, Spielberg said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
A. asked B. being asked C. was asked D. asking
9. His aunt’s letters ________ those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.
A. call him on B. call him for C. call him up D. call him in
10. We have to __________finding a solution.
A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up
11. If it is quite ___________ to you, I will visit you next Friday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
12. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
13. — I wonder if I could use your telephone.
— __________.
A. I wonder how B. I don’t wonder
C. Sorry, it’s out of order D. No wonder, here it is
14. The thief was ____ and turned over to a police station.
A. seized B. obtained C. recovered D. appealed
15. They have a beer together ____, talking about their separate life, but not often.
A. by and by B. now and then C. all the time D. more or less
16. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our ____.
A. expectations B. advantages C. opportunities D. contributions
17. A healthy life is frequently thought to be ________ with open countryside and homegrown food.
A. tied B. bound C. involved D. associated
18. It’s ten years since the scientist ________ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
19. It started to rain so we ________ the nearest café and went on talking about our school life.
A. called up B. separated from C. dived into D. set out
20. Don’t you think I have _______ reasons for not supporting the proposals?
A. valid B. stable C. abrupt D. stainless
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1.distinguish 2.abrupt 3.expectations 4.dynamic 5.valid
6.dialed 7.convenient 8.current 9. stable 10.practical
疑难解析：
2. abrupt 突然的，意外的
4. dynamic 有活力的，强有力的，动态的
9. stable 稳定的，安定的
二、选词填空
1.dive into 2.ring off 3.now and then 4.set out 5.get through
6.set about 7.Hang on 8.out of order 9.called up 10.in expectation of
三、单项选择
1. D。distinguish A from B 把A和B区分开。句意：所有这些把鸟与其他动物区分开来的特征可以追溯到史前时期。
2. B。bear 忍受；betray背叛。句意：虽然她很随和，也不能忍受被人嘲笑。
3. A。句意：军管政府希望通过控制广播来控制公共舆论的方向。current 趋势，方向；fashion 流行款式；measure 测量，措施；flow 流动，流量。
4. B。practical 实用的；effective 有效的；acceptable 可接受的。假期计划当然应该是“实用的”。
5. D。水开了，当然要挂断电话了。ring off 挂断电话。ring back 回电话； ring up 给某人打电话；hold on 别挂断。
6. D。hang on 紧紧抓住，坚持，不放弃。hang off 迟疑；hang up 挂上（电话等）；hang out伸出，挂出去。句意：我必须保存这些老照片，它们一定很有价值。
7. A。get through 通过；get over 克服；get away 离开。
8. A。与主句的主语相同，状语从句谓语中有be，所以when后省略了he was；另一种理解方式可以是ask与句子主语是被动关系，且已经完成，所以用过去分词作状语。
9. C。call up 使想起，给某人打电话；call in 叫/请来；call on 拜访；call for 去接，要求。
10. A。set about doing sth. 着手做某事；set out to do sth. 开始做某事；set down 放下；set up 建立。
11. A。convenient方便的；fair公平的；comfortable 舒服的。
12. A。only修饰状语或状语从句位于句首，主句的主谓部分倒装。因谓语部分无助动词、情态动词或be，所以加did，而return用原形。
13. C。“I wonder if I could... ”是一种委婉地请求做某事的说法，答语句意：对不起，电话坏了。out of order 出故障；no wonder 难怪。
14. A。 句意：小偷被抓住，而且转送到一个警察局了。seize 抓住；obtain 获得；recover 回复；appeal 呼吁。
15. B。从下文中not often可知他们只是偶然见面，所以选B（now and then 时而，有时）。by and by 不久，马上；all the time 一直；more or less 或多或少。
16. A。句意：遗憾的是他推荐的餐厅与我们心目中的相去甚远。expectation 预料；advantage 优势；opportunity 机会；contribution 贡献。注意：fall short of 缺乏，达不到（fall是系动词）。
17. D。句意：人们总是把健康的生活与广阔的田园和家种粮食联系起来。be associated with 与......是有联系的；be tied to 被绑在；be bound with 被用......绑起来（原形：bind）；be involved in 被卷入，涉及。
18. B。句意：这位科学家开始他终生为之奋斗的对重要化学元素的发现工作已经10年了。make for 导致；set out 开始，着手；take off 起飞；turn up 出现。
19. C。句意：天开始下起雨来，我们赶紧跑进一家咖啡馆，继续聊着我们的学校生活。dive into 潜入，投入。
20. A。句意：你不认为我有正当的理由不支持这个提案吗？理由可以是valid（正当的，符合逻辑的），不能是stable（稳定的，安定的），abrupt （突然的，意外的），stainless（无污点的）。
学习目标
重点词汇
distinguish, convenient, expectation, seize, valid,
bear, tap, current, associate practical
重点短语
now and then, set out (to do), set about, call up, hang on, get through,
out of order, dive into, ring back/ ring off
重点句型
从when cooled说开来
only引出的倒装结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
distinguish
【原句回放】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
【点拨】distinguish vt.& vi. 辨别，区别；显示......的差别；使......有所不同
常用搭配：distinguish ... from ... 把......与.....加以区分
distinguish between ... and... 把......与.....加以区分
distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己扬名
distinguish sb. by ... 凭借......辨认某人 I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在远处能够辨认出他们。
Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？
Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。
The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.
班长用自己的考试成绩使自己出名了。
【拓展】distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的
常用搭配： be distinguished for 因......而著名
Einstein was distinguished for his originality. 爱因斯坦以其独创性著称。
convenient
【原句回放】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
【点拨】convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient 的主语往往是物而不是人）
常用搭配：be convenient to sb. 对某人来说很方便
be convenient for ... 离......很近，对......来说方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you? 3点钟对你来说方便吗？
I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。
【拓展】convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施
常用搭配：at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
for the convenience of sb. = for one’s convenience 为了某人方便起见
expectation
【原句回放】This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。
【点拨】expectation n. 预料，期待，期望
注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，为不可数名词；当其意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。
常用搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料（较预期的大或好）
in expectation of 预料，期望，期待
against expectations 与预期相反
He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。
I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations.
我向来喜欢看他的影片,但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。
【拓展】expect vt. 预料，预期；期望
seize
【原句回放】Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. 由于朋友和亲戚的督促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这个成功的想法给予认可。
【点拨】seize vt. 抓住，捉住；（军事）占领；
（强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）
常用搭配：seize sth. from sb. 从某人那儿夺去某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机
seize hold of 抓住
She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。
Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。
Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud.
玛吉从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。
valid
【原句回放】There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. (专利局)还有一大批审查人员，他们的唯一职责就是审查你的专利是否有效。
【点拨】valid adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的
Your return ticket is valid for three months. 你的返程票有效期是三个月。
Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.
睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。
Please provide a valid screen name. 请输入有效的显示名。
bear
【原句回放】I can’t bear the smell of ... 我忍受不了......的气味。
【点拨】bear（bore, borne）vt. 忍受，忍耐，负担；生产（农作物等）
常用搭配：can’t bear doing /to do忍受不了做某事
(bear doing 表示习惯性动作；bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作)
bear in mind 牢记在心
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer, so I left the room. 我不忍再听下去了，就离开了房间。
She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛。
Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承载你的体重吗？
You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor.
你要牢记在心你父母希望你成为一名好医生。
【拓展】表示“忍受”的词和短语：
stand/ tolerate/ put up with 忍受，容忍 can’t have sb. doing sth. 不能忍受某人做某事
tap
【原句回放】This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order). 这种原始的电报是在一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息（莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击的一连串点划）。
【点拨】tap vt.& vi. 轻打，轻拍，轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
常用搭配：tap at/on 轻敲......；轻拍......
The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.
秘书10秒钟打出一份电报。
They won’t hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!
你只是轻拍门他们听不见。使劲敲！
current
【原句回放】If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire. 如果声波能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。
【点拨】current n. （水或气）流，电流；趋势
She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游。
We had better go with the current of the times. 我们最好跟上时代的潮流。
Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响人们思维的方向。
【拓展】current adj. 现时的，当今的；流通的，通用的
currency n. 通货, 货币；通用，流通
current English 当代英语
current money通用的货币
This word is no longer in current use. 这个词现在已经不用了。
The German currency is among the strongest in the world.
德国货币是世界上最坚挺的货币之一。
associate
【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
【点拨】associate vt. 联想, 把……联想在一起; 和……来往
常用搭配：associate...with 与……联系
She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。
Her parents didn’t like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。
In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions.
在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。
【拓展】associate n. 同伴；伙伴
He is one of my associates at the store. 他是我店里的一位同事。
practical
【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
【点拨】practical adj. 实际的，实践的, 可行的
He is very practical — he can make or mend almost anything.
他很有实践经验——会制作或修理几乎任何东西。
We have to be practical and buy only what we can afford.
我们要实际一些，只买我们能买得起的东西。
【拓展】practice / practise v. 练习，实践
practice n. 实习；实践，练习
We must put our plans into practice. 我们必须把计划付诸于实践。
You need more practice before you can play for our team.
你需要更多的练习才能进入我们队。
You won’t become a good singer if you don’t practice/ practise.
你不练习就成不了好歌手。
重点短语
【Unit 3 Inventors and inventions词语精讲】
now and then
【原句回放】Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. 蛇时不时地爬到屋子附近，似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。
【点拨】now and then 时而，偶尔地（= occasionally）
Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
她时而上楼看看他是不是睡着了。
【拓展】every now and then 有时，时而，不时
set out (to do)/ set about
set out (to do)
【原句回放】Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. 贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。
【点拨】set out to do sth. 开始做某事
He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
他着手粉刷整个房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。
【拓展】set out for 动身去某处
set out 动身
set about
【原句回放】I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。
【点拨】set about doing sth. 着手,开始做（注意about是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）
He set about learning Chinese at age ten (=at the age of ten).
他十岁时开始学中文。
She set about her housework straight after breakfast.
吃完早饭后，她直接就开始做家务了。
call up
【原句回放】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
【点拨】call up 给(……)打电话（也可用call sb. up）；使回想起
Forgive me so early to?call up?you please.
请原谅我这么早就给您打电话。
The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
这种愉悦的笑声唤起了他童年的回忆。
【拓展】与call有关的词组
call on 拜访（某人） call at 拜访（某地） call for 要求（=ask for）
call off 取消 call in 邀请，召集
hang on
【原句回放】Hang on, please. 请不要挂断（电话）。
【点拨】hang on （=hold on，表示“坚持某一状态”，其中hang 挂着，on 表示持续地）
1. 握住不放
He hung on until the rope broke. 他一直握住绳子不放，直到绳子断了。
2. 坚持
Although we are beaten, we must hang on. 虽然我们被打败了，我们一定要坚持。
3. (电话)不挂断
The line is busy；would you like to hang on? 线路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？
get through
【原句回放】I can’t get through. 我接不通（电话）。
【点拨】get through （through表示“from beginning to end”，强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）
1. 穿过; 通过
The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了，过不去。
2. 读完; (使)理解; 消化
I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting.
会前我有一大堆文件要浏览消化呢。
3. (用电话)接通某人
I rang you several times but wasn’t able to get through.
我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。
4. 完成
I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这本小说。
5. 用完, 花光
He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。
（此句中got through =used up和ran out of）
out of order
【原句回放】I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order. 对不起，电话出故障了。
【点拨】out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；秩序混乱
The vendor is?out of order?(=out of work) again.
这台自动售货机又坏了。
It was?out of order?for him to make such a tactless remark.?
他说出这种粗鲁的话是不正常的。
The boy’s room was?out of order (=messy). 这个男孩儿的房间很乱。
【拓展】order n. 顺序，订购，命令 ■
in order 处于正常状况，情况良好
dive into
【原句回放】Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. 偶尔离开平坦的路去寻求困境。（离开常走的大道，潜入森林。）
【点拨1】dive into迅速把手伸进；一心投入，潜入
He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins.
他将手伸入口袋中取出几枚硬币。
He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。
The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这个男孩从桥上跳入河中。
【点拨2】1. beaten track 踏平的路，一贯走的路
2. woods 原指“树林”，此句中有“险境，困境”的意思。
ring back/ ring off
【原句回放】Can I ring back later? 我可以稍晚回电话？
I must ring off now because... 我必须挂电话了，因为.......
【点拨】ring back 回复电话
ring off (= hang off) 挂断电话；停止讲话
Before I answered the telephone, he rang off．
我还没来得及回答，他就挂断了。
I’ll ring you back when I get the answer．我知道答案时，会给你回电话。
【拓展】打电话时用的其它词语：
ring up/call up打电话给…... hang on / hold the line别挂断
ring round 四处打电话 answer the phone 接电话
get through 打通电话 dial 拨（号） extension （电话）分机
重点句型
从when cooled说开来
【原句回放】Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。
【点拨】when cooled 连词+过去分词，相当于when引导的时间状语从句：when it is cooled
1. 状语从句的省略（省略“主语+be”）需具备的条件：
1）从句的谓语动词中有be；
2）主从句的主语一致或从句主语是it。
2. 状语从句的省略常用于五种从句：
1）if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句
He won’t go to the party unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加晚会。
2）as，as if 引导的条件状语从句
Henry looked about as if (he is) looking for someone. 亨利环视四周，仿佛在找人。
3）when, while, until/ till等引导的时间状语从句
When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时，（你）去向她求助。
4）although/ though, even if/ even though等引导的让步状语从句
She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她尽管身体仍非常虚弱，但学习十分努力。
5）as，than引导的比较状语从句
We finished the task two days earlier than (it had been) expected.
我们比预料的早两天完成了任务。
【拓展】注意：before/ after是介词，省略形式用：before/ after+动词-ing形式。
He gradually recovered after being treated for a time.
治疗了一段时间后他渐渐地康复了。
only引出的倒装结构
【原句回放】Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
【点拨】“only+状语（从句）+助/系/情态动词+主语+谓语......”句式
only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.
只有那时我们才能认为自己尽到了责任。
Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我多么爱他们。
但是：
only修饰句子的主语时不倒装。
Only the manager can solve the problem. 只有经理能解决这个问题。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用单词的正确形式完成句子。
1．People who can’t d_________ between colors are said to be color-blind.
2．An a_________ change in the weather resulted in the breakout of flu.
3．We thought Mary would pass and John would fail，but contrary to e_______ it was the other way round.
4．Our new boss seemed a d_______ and energetic leader.
5．The cheque is not v_______ if it is not signed by the finance director.
6．He went into the phone booth as soon as possible and d_______ the number.
7．Would it be__________(方便) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
8．Television is such a means that it keeps us informed about __________(当前发生的) events.
9．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a __________(稳定的) environment.
10．A ________ (实际的) person does not spend his money and time foolishly.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
call up； set about； in expectation of； hang on； out of order；
dive into； get through； ring off； now and then； set out
1．You should ________ the sea to find a pearl.
2．I’m sorry, but I’ve to __________ now. I have a train to catch.
3．I don’t think of my hometown very much, only _________.
4．As the Spring Festival was coming near, he was quite eager to ________ for his hometown.
5．I dialed several times，but I just couldn’t__________.
6．He was overlooked when they __________ choosing a new manager.
7．__________at your present job until you can get another.
8．My clock was __________ and woke me up at three this morning.
9．The smell of the sea __________ happy memories of my youth.
10．We waited at the station __________ her arrival.
三、单项选择
1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds ________ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.
A. to B. between C. for D. from
2. She can’t _________ to be laughed at though she is easy-going.
A. understand B. bear C. enjoy D. betray
3. The military government hopes to control the _______ of public opinion by controlling broadcasting.
A. current B. fashion C. measure D. flow
4. When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _________ suggestion.
A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable
5. --- I’d better ________ now. The water is boiling in the kitchen.
--- Good-bye.
A. ring back B. ring up C. hold on D. ring off
6. I should _____ to those old photographs — they must be valuable.
A. hang off B. hang up C. hang out D. hang on
7. He tried his best, but he couldn’t ________ the college entrance exams last year.
A. get through B. get over C. get up D. get away
8. When _________about the secret of his success, Spielberg said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
A. asked B. being asked C. was asked D. asking
9. His aunt’s letters ________ those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.
A. call him on B. call him for C. call him up D. call him in
10. We have to __________finding a solution.
A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up
11. If it is quite ___________ to you, I will visit you next Friday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
12. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
13. — I wonder if I could use your telephone.
— __________.
A. I wonder how B. I don’t wonder
C. Sorry, it’s out of order D. No wonder, here it is
14. The thief was ____ and turned over to a police station.
A. seized B. obtained C. recovered D. appealed
15. They have a beer together ____, talking about their separate life, but not often.
A. by and by B. now and then C. all the time D. more or less
16. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our ____.
A. expectations B. advantages C. opportunities D. contributions
17. A healthy life is frequently thought to be ________ with open countryside and homegrown food.
A. tied B. bound C. involved D. associated
18. It’s ten years since the scientist ________ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
19. It started to rain so we ________ the nearest café and went on talking about our school life.
A. called up B. separated from C. dived into D. set out
20. Don’t you think I have _______ reasons for not supporting the proposals?
A. valid B. stable C. abrupt D. stainless
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1.distinguish 2.abrupt 3.expectations 4.dynamic 5.valid
6.dialed 7.convenient 8.current 9. stable 10.practical
疑难解析：
2. abrupt 突然的，意外的
4. dynamic 有活力的，强有力的，动态的
9. stable 稳定的，安定的
二、选词填空
1.dive into 2.ring off 3.now and then 4.set out 5.get through
6.set about 7.Hang on 8.out of order 9.called up 10.in expectation of
三、单项选择
1. D。distinguish A from B 把A和B区分开。句意：所有这些把鸟与其他动物区分开来的特征可以追溯到史前时期。
2. B。bear 忍受；betray背叛。句意：虽然她很随和，也不能忍受被人嘲笑。
3. A。句意：军管政府希望通过控制广播来控制公共舆论的方向。current 趋势，方向；fashion 流行款式；measure 测量，措施；flow 流动，流量。
4. B。practical 实用的；effective 有效的；acceptable 可接受的。假期计划当然应该是“实用的”。
5. D。水开了，当然要挂断电话了。ring off 挂断电话。ring back 回电话； ring up 给某人打电话；hold on 别挂断。
6. D。hang on 紧紧抓住，坚持，不放弃。hang off 迟疑；hang up 挂上（电话等）；hang out伸出，挂出去。句意：我必须保存这些老照片，它们一定很有价值。
7. A。get through 通过；get over 克服；get away 离开。
8. A。与主句的主语相同，状语从句谓语中有be，所以when后省略了he was；另一种理解方式可以是ask与句子主语是被动关系，且已经完成，所以用过去分词作状语。
9. C。call up 使想起，给某人打电话；call in 叫/请来；call on 拜访；call for 去接，要求。
10. A。set about doing sth. 着手做某事；set out to do sth. 开始做某事；set down 放下；set up 建立。
11. A。convenient方便的；fair公平的；comfortable 舒服的。
12. A。only修饰状语或状语从句位于句首，主句的主谓部分倒装。因谓语部分无助动词、情态动词或be，所以加did，而return用原形。
13. C。“I wonder if I could... ”是一种委婉地请求做某事的说法，答语句意：对不起，电话坏了。out of order 出故障；no wonder 难怪。
14. A。 句意：小偷被抓住，而且转送到一个警察局了。seize 抓住；obtain 获得；recover 回复；appeal 呼吁。
15. B。从下文中not often可知他们只是偶然见面，所以选B（now and then 时而，有时）。by and by 不久，马上；all the time 一直；more or less 或多或少。
16. A。句意：遗憾的是他推荐的餐厅与我们心目中的相去甚远。expectation 预料；advantage 优势；opportunity 机会；contribution 贡献。注意：fall short of 缺乏，达不到（fall是系动词）。
17. D。句意：人们总是把健康的生活与广阔的田园和家种粮食联系起来。be associated with 与......是有联系的；be tied to 被绑在；be bound with 被用......绑起来（原形：bind）；be involved in 被卷入，涉及。
18. B。句意：这位科学家开始他终生为之奋斗的对重要化学元素的发现工作已经10年了。make for 导致；set out 开始，着手；take off 起飞；turn up 出现。
19. C。句意：天开始下起雨来，我们赶紧跑进一家咖啡馆，继续聊着我们的学校生活。dive into 潜入，投入。
20. A。句意：你不认为我有正当的理由不支持这个提案吗？理由可以是valid（正当的，符合逻辑的），不能是stable（稳定的，安定的），abrupt （突然的，意外的），stainless（无污点的）。