（人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 4 Pygmalion话题语言应用——“文学作品和戏剧”写作练习
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| 名称 | （人教版）高中英语选修八：Unit 4 Pygmalion话题语言应用——“文学作品和戏剧”写作练习 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-08-18 15:33:33 | ||
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话题语言应用——文学作品和戏剧
语言积累
交际用语
1．推测、猜测
I wonder whether... 我想是否......
I think it’s because... 我想是因为......
Is it possible that...? ......是可能吗？
Do you know if...? 你知道是否......
Perhaps / Maybe，but... 也许，但是......
Do you really think that’s true? 你真的认为那是真的吗？
2．情感
Why do you think Higgins felt like that? 你认为希金斯为什么想要那个/做那件事？
How did you feel about your first lesson? 你感觉你的第一节课怎么样？
What do you think would make Eliza happier? 你认为什么会让伊莱扎高兴些？
Mrs. Pearce would comfort / encourage her by... 皮尔斯夫人会通过......来宽慰/鼓励她。
surprised 惊奇的 disappointed 失望的 worried 担心的
confused 糊涂的 amazed 吃惊的 upset 心烦的
sobbing抽泣 weeping 哭泣, 流泪 laughing 大笑
hesitating 犹豫
kindly温和地, 亲切地 gently 温和地，慈祥地 hopefully 怀有希望地
rudely 粗鲁地 happily 高兴地 uncomfortably 不自在地
gratefully 感激地 heartily 尽情地，坚定地 proudly 自豪地，傲慢地
3．判断与评价
You’ve made such progress and... 你已经取得了这么大的进步，而且......
The problem was that... 问题是......
You were very good with ... 你很擅长...... (be good with sth. 在......有技巧/娴熟)
Remember (never) to ... 记住（不）要......
All in all，you did very well... 总的来说，你做的很好......
I think you just need more practice. 我想你只是需要更多的练习。
话题语句（1）
Pygmalion皮格马利翁
Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldn’t help loving it and wanted it to be his wife. He went to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite to ask her to bring the statue to life. As a result of his prayers, his wish is granted and the statue is made into a real woman. The two marry and live happily ever after.
The Greek myth was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights. Based on the classical myth, Bernard Shaw wrote a famous play Pygmalion.
要点提示：
grant 批准 era 时代，历史时期（Victorian era 维多利亚时代）
playwright 剧作家 classical 古典的 myth 神话
George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theatre. Shaw was a freethinker, defender of women’s rights, and advocate of equality of income. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright.
要点提示：
Irish 爱尔兰的 dramatist 剧作家 literary critic 文学评论家 spokesman 发言人
theater 戏剧界 advocate 提倡 humorous 富有幽默感的
My Fair Lady《窈窕淑女》
It is an adaptation of the play “Pygmalion”.
It is a musical made in 1956.
It was filmed in 1964. The film was a huge success, winning eight Oscars.
要点提示：
adaptation 改写本，改编，适应 musical 音乐的，音乐喜剧
The same theme 同一主题
Theme of the Greek story (希腊故事的主题):
Pygmalion, an artist, creates a statue from stone and makes it have a new life.
Theme of the play by Shaw (萧伯纳戏剧的主题):
Higgins, a phonetics, creates a new girl Eliza from the lower class to the upper class by teaching her English.
Description of each character 人物描写
1. anxious (焦虑的), emotional (易动感情的), ambitious (有抱负的), enthusiastic (热情的)
2. impatient (急躁的), rude (粗鲁的), proud (傲慢的), superior (有优越感的), self-important (妄自尊大的)
3. kind (仁慈的), polite (有教养的), generous (慷慨的), eager (热切的), confident (有信心的), optimistic (乐观的)
【Pygnalion 语言应用】
话题语句（2）
Pygmalion effect
The term Pygmalion effect refers broadly to the effects of interpersonal expectations, that is, the finding that what one person expects of another can come to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
要点提示：
Pygmalion effect 皮格马利翁效应 broadly 概括地
interpersonal 人与人之间的 self-fulfilling 自我实现的，本身自然会实现的
prophecy预言 impact 冲击（力），影响
reinforce 增强
Pygmalion effect in the classroom
In 1965 Robert Rosenthal, professor of social psychology at Harvard University, and his colleague, conducted an experiment in a public elementary school, telling teachers that certain children could be expected to be “genius,” based on the students’ results on the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition. In fact, the test was nonexistent and those children designated as “genius” were chosen at random. What Rosenthal and Jacobson hoped to determine by this experiment was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce changes in student achievement.
要点提示：
psychology 心理学 genius 天才 nonexistent 不存在的
designate 指定 at random 任意地，随便地
Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition哈佛习得变化测验
The science behind the Pygmalion effect
The reason why self-fulfilling prophecies work has to do with our subconscious mind. Whenever we talk about a self-fulfilling prophecy, for example when I say that I will be successful, I am imprinting this into my subconscious mind. The brain works in such a way that it remembers better when we repeat this, so every time I say it, this imprint becomes stronger.
An interesting interaction happens with the conscious mind and the subconscious mind. The conscious mind is heavily influenced by the subconscious mind, but we hardly ever realize this. This interaction means that whatever we have imprinted in our subconscious mind, will be picked up consciously and executed (执行).
要点提示：
subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的 imprint铭记，印记 interaction 相互作用
have/be to do with 与......有关
Using self-fulfilling prophecies to your advantage
Actually, using the Pygmalion effect to your advantage is very simple. The idea is actually very old, in the form of mantra (颂歌,咒语). A mantra, which originates from Hinduism, is a form of prayer that has a powerful effect when repeated. As such, it is basically the Pygmalion effect: repeat something, so it becomes imprinted in your subconscious mind. So the only thing you have to do is create your mantra and keep repeating it. This doesn’t have to be done out loud, you can do this silently too. The key factor is repeating, so your subconscious will pick up the idea and make it grow stronger and stronger.
要点提示：
to sb.’s advantage对......有利 originate from 来自 Hinduism 印度教
as such 同样地 key factor 关键因素
A word of caution
The nasty matter of fact is that the Pygmalion effect can also be used in a bad way. Have you ever noticed how people who claim that they always have bad luck ... always have bad luck? The key here is to only concern yourself with positive thinking. Stay away from bad ideas, because repeating those will also imprint them in your subconscious! ■
话题语句（3）
有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1. 一位语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位
an expert in phonetics, _______ that the ______ of a person’s English decides his / her ______
2. 贫苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活
a poor flower girl who is _________________
3. 陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。希金斯还给上校安排了一项工作
an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins’ who ___________
4. 附近一个穿着深色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。
Nearby a flower girl wearing _________ and a _______ is also _________ the rain.
5. 你把我当成什么人了？
What do you ___________?
6. 我还以为你可能是一个便衣警察呢。
I thought maybe you were a policeman ________.
7. 一般来说，人们对于他们认为地位比他们高的人要更礼貌一些，而对于他们认为地位低一些的人，他们的礼貌就差一些。
___________, people are ________ to those who they think are __________ and _______ to those they consider are members of a lower class.
8. 亨利·希金斯和皮克林上校坐着专心地谈话。
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting _____________.
9. 我本来很欣赏自己，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来，而你却发出了130个元音，你赢了我。
I ________ myself because I can ________ twenty-four _______ vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me.
10. 我会为这个小赌当裁判，而且课时费也由我来付......
I’ll be the ______ for this little bet and _________ too...
参考答案：
1. convinced; quality; position in society (convince sb. of sth./ to do sth. 使某人确信......)
2. ambitious to improve herself （ambitious 有抱负的）
3. sets him a task
4. dark garments; woolen scarf; sheltering from (shelter from 躲避)
5. take me for (take for 误以为)
6. in disguise (伪装的，假扮的)
7. Generally speaking; more polite; of a higher social class (of 属于); less polite
8. deep in conversation (专心谈话)
9. rather fancied; pronounce; distinct (rather 相当，颇；fancy oneself自负，自命不凡；fancy 自负，想象，设想，想要)
10. referee; pay for the lessons
写作运用
英语戏剧
戏剧同小说一样有情节（plot）、人物（character）、背景（setting）、主题（theme）和风格（style）。戏剧一般分为幕（acts）和场（scenes）。场是幕中的部分，有的只分幕，不分场。
1. 剧本三要素：舞台说明、戏剧冲突、人物台词。
舞台说明：帮助导演和演员掌握剧情，为演出提供相关说明。
戏剧冲突：剧中必须有一个矛盾冲突（问题）供人物去解决，剧中所有的事件都与该矛盾冲突有关。
人物台词：即剧中人物的语言，是性格化的，有动作性，因为人物的语言与人物的行动联系在一起的。同时，人物的语言和动作要合乎各自的身份和特征。台词的表现形式有：对话、独白、旁白、内白（在后台说话）、潜台词等。
2. 时态：多用现在时。
3. 舞台说明用斜体，置于括号中，常用省略句、动词-ing形式等。
另外，本单元的话题写作还可以拓展为书评、戏剧评论或有关皮格马利翁效应的内容的书面表达。
话题写作范文
Example 1
假如下面是Eliza的第一节课要结束时的场景，据此推测并编写她与Mrs Pearce（女仆）的对话。
H = Higgins CP = Colonel Pickering E = Eliza
... ...
E: The rai-ain in Spai-ain falls mai-ainly on the plain.
CP: Miss Doolittle, that’s so much better.
H: Now, Eliza, go and practise by yourself. Keep your tongue well forward instead of trying to swallow it.
E: (beginning to cry) Oah! Oah!
H：(angrily) Now Eliza, go and tell Mrs Pearce about this lesson. Think about it and practise by yourself. Away with you!
(Eliza is still sobbing, rushes from the room)
CP: Now Henry, couldn’t you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made?
参考范文：
MP = Mrs Pearce E = Eliza
MP: Ah Eliza, there you are! How did the first lesson go?
E: (very upset) Oh Mrs Pearce. It was terrible.
MP: Why do you think like that? What happened?
E: Is it possible that I’m bad at everything? First it was my appearance and my clothes. Now it’s my pronunciation. Why they even made me say my ABC!
MP: Dry your eyes, my dear. Let me encourage you. I’m sure they were just trying to help you. I know Mr Higgins is very keen on getting that right. He says that is the start of good speaking.
E: (feeling better) Oh do you really think that’s true? Perhaps he didn’t mean to unkind then!
MP: Well, I know he’s not quite a gentleman when it comes to a lady’s feelings. He is so strict on you because he wants to win his bet with Colonel Pickering.
E: Really! So he doesn’t just do it because he doesn’t like me. Thank you Mrs Pearce. You have made me feel much better.
Example 2
假如下表是Higgins教授给Eliza上的第一节课的小结笔记，根据笔记来推测第二节课的情况，写一场小剧。
What Eliza got right
What still needs to be improved
Pronunciation
She got the phrases and sentences correct after repeating them twice: “Do you think I don’t know anything?” “a cup of tea” “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain”.
Her “ai” in “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain” and her alphabet.
Evaluation
She learns quickly, and picks up new pronunciation very fast.
参考范文：
Act Two, Scene 3
H = Higgins E = Eliza CP = Colonel Pickering
(Professor Higgins is waiting for Eliza to come to their second lesson. He looks up and smiles as she enters the room.)
H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our second lesson?
E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es.
H: Well done, Eliza, that sounds better already. Don’t you think so, Pickering?
CP: Yes, indeed.
H: Well. Let’s try our sentences again, shall we? Let’s see. There was “a cup of tea”.
E: A cu-up of te-ea.
CP: Excellent, my dear. And first time too.
H: Yes indeed. Now let’s try “I don’t know anything”.
E: I don’t know-ow any-thing.
H: Amazing progress. Don’t you think so, Pickering? She’s really listening. Now, let’s do the last sentence “The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.”
E: The rain in Spain star-eyes mainly on the plar-eyen.
H: Almost perfect. Just a little more work, Eliza. “Stai-ays” and Plai-ain”. Again please.
E: The rain in Spain stay-ays mainly on the plai-ain.
CP: Wonderful. She’ll soon be perfect.
H: Excellent, Eliza. We’ll soon make a lady of you. Now off you go for a good lunch. Well done!
拓展写作范文
Example 1
《皮格马利翁》是萧伯纳根据一个希腊神话改写的同名剧本，学完此剧后，你认为此剧如何？请为此剧写一篇短评。
点拨：
1. 这是一篇戏剧评论，首先要写明戏剧的题目及作者，并对故事及人物、背景等作简单介绍；
2. 写出你喜欢此剧的理由；
3. 对特殊情节或人物作简述。
4. 综合评价此剧。
参考范文：
Review of Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw
I enjoyed studying the play Pygmalion very much. I found it both amusing and interesting. Like the ancient Greek play, the theme of the play is change. In the Greek play, the artist Pygmalion changes from a person who dislikes women to someone who loves one particular woman. In this modern play, Henry Higgins changes from a person who first dislikes Eliza to someone who does like Eliza though he will not admit it. In the Greek play, the statue changes from a stone into a real person. In this play, Eliza changes from a flower girl into a beautiful and accomplished lady.
The play is set in the early 20th century. It is at a time when social groups in society are fixed and they can be identified through clothes and languages. So when Eliza improves both her clothes and conversation, she is able to act like a real lady.
I think the time in which the play is set increases my interest in the play. I enjoy the use of badly spoken English. I like to see the way Eliza’s language changes from bad grammar to beautiful English. I also like the idea that she changes from being dirty and badly dressed to looking so beautiful that people think she must be a princess.
I learned a lot about English society a hundred years ago. I also enjoyed following the development of the people in the play. I look forward to seeing the play acted on the stage.
Example 2
假如你上周去表姐家做客，看到六岁的小外甥每次因犯一点错误就被表姐责骂，你想起皮格马利翁效应（Pygmalion Effect）。请就此事写一篇短文，并包括如下要点：
1. 叙述上周的经历；
2. 积极的期望和更多的关爱，能促使人们做得更好；
3. 应给予儿童更多的鼓励而不是责骂，赞扬而不是批评。
参考范文：
Last Sunday I paid a visit to my cousin, who has a six-year-old son. Though I stayed with them only a short time, I found that every time my nephew made a mistake, my cousin would scold him, which reminded me of the Pygmalion Effect. Anybody, young or old, adult or child, can perform better when they are given more love and care, when they are expected to do so. Give children encouragement instead of scolding them and give them praise instead of criticism, because if you believe they can achieve greatness, then they will indeed achieve greatness.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. ________ and happy, Tom stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
2. He couldn’t _______ his father that John was telling the truth.
A. convince B. believe C. admit D. display
3. Most co-workers think him superior ________ the manager though he is an ordinary employee.
A. with B. by C. over D. to
4. —Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes, I gave it to her ________ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
5. Charles Darwin considered ________ to be the process by which evolution took place.
A. adjust B. accompany C. abandon D. adaptation
6. _________ to earn money herself because her family was poor, she dreamed of working in a proper flower shop.
A. Determining B. To determine C. To be determined D. Determine
7. He doesn’t know much about the subject, but he’s very ________ about it.
A. impatient B. confident C. ambitious D. enthusiastic
8. Mr Higgins found her a ______ student because he was too impatient to teach her well.
A. polite B. confident C. anxious D. disappointed
9. Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. distinguish D. shelter
10. ________，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
A．Generally speaking B．General speaking
C．Speaking general D．Speaking generally
11. The clothes a person wears may express his ________ or social position.
A. curiosity B. status C. determination D. significance
12. I wonder _______ you can change this note for me. I need some coins to buy a ticket from the machine.
A. whether B. how C. what D. that
13. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
14. The ______ of the film is very complicated, so many people feel confused.
A. plot B. spot C. block D. coincidence
15. Jenny nearly missed the flight ________ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Tears streamed down my face as I sat at my grandmother’s funeral (葬礼)．My grandmother lived a very 1 life，and was full of energy，1ove，and wisdom．She 2 said the right thing for the situation．And，whenever we had a problem，we 3 we could talk with Grandma．
As a teenager，I can remember many conversations 4 Grandmother would give us her worldly wisdom and she would always 5 saying，“You have a(n) 6 smiling on you dear．I know you will do the right thing．”
Now，here we were at her 7 ．I really knew I had an angel smiling on me as I am sure Grandma was in heaven smiling down and 8 us．
I 9 to help my Mum sort through Grandma’s apartment．The next few days were filled with memories，and filled with 10 , and filled with tears. As we sorted through Grandma’s stuff，it brought back some wonderful 11 ．I was packing the last of the dishes 12 my Mum called to me．I went into Grandma’s bedroom，and my Mum 13 me a package with my name written on it．I opened the box and read the 14 :
May this little angel 15 upon your home
Filling your days with cheer
Know that she stands 16 for you
To help you 17 all year
And Grandma had handwritten，“Hang this stained glass angel in your window to 18 you of your angel Kate! Love Grandma” ．
To this day，I have the stained glass angel 19 in my bedroom window．And，every time I look at it I can hear 20 saying：“You have an angel smiling on you dear．I know you will do the right thing．”
1．A．empty B．poor C．full D．rich
2．A．never B．always C．seldom D．hardly
3．A．agreed B．dreamed C．planned D．knew
4．A．where B．that C．when D．which
5．A．insist on B．put off C．end up D．give up
6．A．friend B．angel C．classmate D．teacher
7．A．party B．meeting C．lecture D．funeral
8．A．looking after B．searching for C．hearing from D．listening to
9．A．refused B．managed C．offered D．preferred
10．A．housework B．laughter C．business D．surprise
11．A．chances B．materials C．wishes D．memories
12．A．when B．since C．because D．so
13．A．threw B．left C．handed D．posted
14．A．story B．poem C．novel D．joke
15．A．fly B．stop C．stay D．shine
16．A．on guard B．in turn C．with care D．at home
17．A．study B．work C．smile D．live
18．A．warm B．remind C．cheat D．rob
19．A．lying B．sleeping C．hiding D．hanging
20．A．Grandma B．Father C．Grandpa D．Mother
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳答案。
China Steams Ahead On Clean Energy
China overtook the US during 2009 to become the leading investor in renewable energy technologies，according to a new analysis．
Researchers with the Pew(皮尔) Charitable Trusts calculate that China invested $34.6bn(￡23.2bn) in clean energy over the year，almost double the US figure．
The UK emerges in the third place among G20 nations，followed by Spain and Brazil．
The most spectacular(令人惊叹的) growth has come in South Korea，which saw installed capacity rise by 250% in five years．
Globally，investment has more than doubled in the last five years，Pew finds，with the recent economic turmoil (混乱) generating only a slight dip．
“Even in the midst of a global recession，the clean energy market has experienced impressive growth，”said Phyllis Cuttino，director of Pew’s campaign on climate change．
“Countries are jockeying for leadership．”
“They know that investing in clean energy can renew manufacturing bases，and create export opportunities，jobs and businesses．”
The US still holds a marginal lead in the total amount of installed capacity，but will be overtaken by China during the course of this year if existing trends continue．
Diversification nation
China’s target of having 30GW of installed renewable capacity in place by 2020 will soon be exceeded through wind alone，and new targets are in the process of being set．
“The government has taken a strategic decision that diversifying its energy supply should be a national priority，”commented Steve Sawyer，secretary-general of the Global Wind Energy Council(GWEC)，who was not involved in the Pew report．
“It is now the world’s leading manufacturer of solar photovoltaic cells，and more wind turbines are made in China than anywhere else．”
However，China’s use of fossil fuels is also expanding fast．
So far，renewables account for a small share of its energy supply，although the overall target is a 15% share of total energy by 2020．
1．According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．China becomes a leader in renewable energy technologies．
B．The clean energy market has an amazing growth．
C．In the last five years，the global investments has more than doubled．
D．The recent economic turmoil generated a sharp dip．
2．According to Steve Sawyer，which of the following is true?
A．Steve Sawyer is working for Pew．
B．His comment is involved in the Pew report．．
C．The Chinese government simplifying its energy supply should be a national priority．
D．China has manufactured more solar photovoltaic cells and wind turbines than anywhere else．
3．From the last paragraph，the author’s attitude towards the renewable technology is ________．
A．positive B．negative C disappointed D．not mentioned
4．Where was seen installed capacity rise by 250% in five years?
A．In China． B．In Spain．
C．In the UK． D．In South Korea．
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．China became a leader in renewable energy technologies in 2009．
B．The new trend in the renewable energy technology．
C．China is diversifying its energy supply．
D．An analysis about renewable energy．
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
Crying marriage? 1 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 2 (remain) in fashion 3 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 4 (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 5 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 6 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 7__ as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases __8 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a __9 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the __10 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
（2）
Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country __1__be considered extremely rude in another. Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners __2__ the modern table manners in Korea. __3__ (tradition), it was the woman’s job to cook food and __4__ (set) the table. The woman would sit __5__ her husband to make sure that he had everything he needed for a pleasant meal. Only __6__ the husband finished, would the woman and her children eat. Nowadays, table manners have changed a lot. __7__ of the family members eat together at the same time. It is common to see everyone help with the meal, __8__ (include) the husband. One tradition, however, has not changed. It is that the oldest person starts the meal. __9__ (stay) until the oldest person is finished is considered to be __10__ basic tradition of Korean table manners.
五、书面表达
假如你是李华。在下周一的英语口语课上，你班同学将会在一起就各自最喜欢阅读的世界名著展开交流，请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文为这次交流会做准备。
要点提示：
1. 你喜欢的作品是什么；
2. 喜欢这部作品的原因；
3. 这部作品对你产生的影响；
4. 向其他同学推荐这部作品。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。surprise 作动词意为“使某人惊奇”，其过去分词表示人“感到惊奇”的状态，作状语，前面不需加being。
2. A。convince 说服；admit 承认，许可进入；display 陈列，展示。
3. D。superior to 优于。句意：大多数同事认为他比经理优秀，虽然他只是个普通员工。
4. B。the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一......就......”；while表示“在......期间”，与延续性动词连用，而see是瞬间动词。
5. D。adaptation（适应）在句子作宾语；adjust 动词，意思是“使适应、调整”； accompany 陪伴；abandon 离弃。句意：查理斯?达尔文认为适应性改变是进化的进程。
6. A。determine to do sth. 决心做某事。句子的主语可以是determine的逻辑主语，所以用-ing形式作原因状语。
7. D。虽然不怎么懂，但是可以感兴趣，所以选D。enthusiastic 极感兴趣的，热心的；impatient 不耐烦的；confident 自信的；ambitious 有抱负的。
8. D。 Higgins先生发现她感到很失望，因为他没有耐心好好教她。disappointed 感到失望的；polite 有礼貌的；confident 有信心的；anxious 不安的。
9. D。句意：有些父母保护性太强了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受任何形式的危险，不管这种危险是真实存在的还是想象的。shelter... from 保护某人免受......；spot 看见，发现，不与from连用；dismiss 解雇，开除；distinguish sb. from sb. 把某人与某人区别开来。
10. A。generally speaking一般来说。句意：一般来说，北方人爱吃水饺，而南方人喜欢米饭。
11. B。人们穿的衣服可表现出的是人的身份和社会地位，所以选status（身份）；curiosity 好奇心；determination 决心；significance 意义。
12. A。因为需要硬币从售票机上买票请求把纸币换成硬币，选用“是否（whether）”，与I wonder一起表示客气的请求或疑问。
13. C。could have done表示“本来能够做而没有做”。句意：他并没有遗憾说了他所做的事，但是他觉得他本来可以表达得有所不同。
14. A。句意：电影的情节很复杂，所以好多人都觉得很困惑。plot 情节；spot 斑点，场所；block 大块，街区；coincidence 巧合。
15. A。句意：由于购物花费时间太多，詹妮差点错过航班。as a result of 作为......的结果，由于；on top of 在......之上；in front of 在......前面；in need of 需要。
二、完形填空
1．C。根据下文中的full of energy，love，and wisdom可知，奶奶过着充实的(full)生活。
2．B。根据下文中的whenever we had a problem，we _______ we could talk with Grandma，说明她总是(always)说出合乎情理的东西。
3．D。无论什么时候有了困难，我们知道(knew)可以和奶奶谈一谈。
4．A。在谈话中，奶奶会给我们她的智慧。这里where引导定语从句。
5．C。她最后(end up)总是会说……，这里没有“坚持、推迟或放弃”之意。
6．B。联系下文中的I really knew I had an angel smiling on me可知，你有一位天使(angel)在向你微笑。
7．D。下文中的in heaven是解题的重要信息，现在，我们在这里参加她的葬礼(funeral)。
8．A。作者能够肯定奶奶在天堂微笑着并照顾(looking after)着我们。
9．C。作者主动(offered)去帮助妈妈整理奶奶的公寓。
10．B。此处和句中的tears在语境上有对比关系，后来的几天里，作者对奶奶充满着记忆，也充满了欢笑(laughter)和泪水。
11．D。当他们整理奶奶的东西的时候，它给他们带来一些美好的回忆(memories)。
12．A。作者在收拾餐具，这时(when)妈妈喊作者，从句部分说明动作发生的时间。
13．C。根据下文中的I opened the box等语境可知，妈妈递给(handed)作者一个包裹。
14．B。作者打开盒子，读了这首诗歌(poem)，这和下文中的引用的内容是一致的。
15．D。联系诗歌的意境，结合全文的意思可知，但愿天使的光芒照耀(shine)着你的家园。
16．A。冥冥中她站在那里守护(on guard)着你。
17．C。并助你天天笑口常开(smile)，这几句诗歌的意思是相互联系的。
18．B。根据下文中的To this day，I have the stained glass angel hanging in my bedroom window可知，挂在窗户里的天使提醒(remind)你记住凯特天使。
19. D。直到今天，作者还把玻璃天使挂在（hanging）窗户上。
20. A。作者每次看到它，都能够听到奶奶说......
三、阅读理解
1．D。由文章第五段中“with the recent economic turmoil generating only a slight dip”可知，在经济衰退的近段时间可再生技术的市场仅仅略微下降，D是急剧下降，与原文不符，故答案选D。
2．D。文章倒数第三段中“It is now the world’s leading manufacturer of solar photovoltaic cells，and more wind turbines are made in China than anywhere else．”这句话同样是史蒂夫的评论，中国现在是世界光能电池元件以及涡轮机的制造商，超过其他国家。故答案选D。
3．A。由文章最后一段中“so far，renewable account for a small share of its energy supply，although the overall target is a 15% share of total energy by 2020．”可知虽然现在可再生能源在能源供应中只占了一小部分，但在2020年目标则是15%，因此可知作者的口气是期许的，故答案选A。
4．D。从文章第四段中“The most spectacular growth has come in South Korea，which saw installed capacity rise by 250% in five years．”这句可以看出最瞩目的增长在韩国，仅在5年内装机容量增长了250%。故答案选D。
5．A。文章第一段“China overtook the US during 2009 to become the leading investor in renewable energy technologies”，这句话统领全文，由此可知文章是围绕中国在可再生能源科技中的投资领先来讲的，故答案选A。
四、语法填空
（1）
1. Surprising。此句是省略句，省略了It is，所以填surprising，表示事物的性质，意为“令人吃惊的”。
2.remained。与上文的existed并列，所以用一般过去时。
3. until/till。“remained in fashion”一直持续到清朝末期。until/till 到……为止。
4. necessity。view… as 把……看成，介词as后应接名词，所以填necessary的名词necessity，意为“必需品”。
5. the。the same 意为“同样的”。
6. Otherwise。从上下文可知，此处填otherwise，表示“否则的话”。
7. her。从上文可知，新娘的邻居会看不起新娘，用代词her代替“新娘”。
8. in。cases意为“情况”，which代替cases在定语从句中作要填的介词in的宾语，意为“在……情况下”。
9. way/means。way和means意为“方法、方式”。
10. arranged。婚礼是被“安排”的，arrange与marriages是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
（2）
1. may。根据句意“一个国家所接受的东西可能在另一个国家被认为相当粗鲁”，应该填may。
2. and。“the modern table manners”与上文“the traditional table manners”并列，所以填并列连词and。
3. Traditionally。traditionally 传统上，按传统。
4. set。set与上文的cook并列，省略了不定式符号的to。set the table在桌子上摆放餐具。
5. bybeside。从下文可知妻子要照顾丈夫吃饭，所以应该是坐在丈夫“旁边（by/beside）”。
6. after。只有丈夫吃完后（after），女人和孩子才会吃饭。
7. All。“所有的”的家庭成员一起吃饭。
8. including。从句子的上半部分可知已经有了谓语is，include要用非谓语动词，因为everyone与include（包括）是主动关系，用including。
9. Staying。从谓语动词is可知要填的词stay是主语，所以用其-ing形式。
10. a。a basic tradition 一种基本的传统/惯例。
五、书面表达
My favourite motto is — a man can be destroyed, but he can never be defeated. It comes from the well-known American writer, Hemingway’s novel, Old Man and the Sea, which also my favourite book.
I strongly admire the old fisherman’s will in the novel. The novel focuses on his wonderful spirit and shows how he struggles against great danger and difficulties and always manages to overcome them. He makes me understand that a person must have an extremely strong spirit to achieve what he wants.
Let me take this opportunity to recommend this classic of American literature. With Old Man and the Sea, the author, Ernest Hemingway, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. You should find time to read this novel, and you, too, will be touched by the old fisherman and his strong will.
语言积累
交际用语
1．推测、猜测
I wonder whether... 我想是否......
I think it’s because... 我想是因为......
Is it possible that...? ......是可能吗？
Do you know if...? 你知道是否......
Perhaps / Maybe，but... 也许，但是......
Do you really think that’s true? 你真的认为那是真的吗？
2．情感
Why do you think Higgins felt like that? 你认为希金斯为什么想要那个/做那件事？
How did you feel about your first lesson? 你感觉你的第一节课怎么样？
What do you think would make Eliza happier? 你认为什么会让伊莱扎高兴些？
Mrs. Pearce would comfort / encourage her by... 皮尔斯夫人会通过......来宽慰/鼓励她。
surprised 惊奇的 disappointed 失望的 worried 担心的
confused 糊涂的 amazed 吃惊的 upset 心烦的
sobbing抽泣 weeping 哭泣, 流泪 laughing 大笑
hesitating 犹豫
kindly温和地, 亲切地 gently 温和地，慈祥地 hopefully 怀有希望地
rudely 粗鲁地 happily 高兴地 uncomfortably 不自在地
gratefully 感激地 heartily 尽情地，坚定地 proudly 自豪地，傲慢地
3．判断与评价
You’ve made such progress and... 你已经取得了这么大的进步，而且......
The problem was that... 问题是......
You were very good with ... 你很擅长...... (be good with sth. 在......有技巧/娴熟)
Remember (never) to ... 记住（不）要......
All in all，you did very well... 总的来说，你做的很好......
I think you just need more practice. 我想你只是需要更多的练习。
话题语句（1）
Pygmalion皮格马利翁
Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldn’t help loving it and wanted it to be his wife. He went to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite to ask her to bring the statue to life. As a result of his prayers, his wish is granted and the statue is made into a real woman. The two marry and live happily ever after.
The Greek myth was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights. Based on the classical myth, Bernard Shaw wrote a famous play Pygmalion.
要点提示：
grant 批准 era 时代，历史时期（Victorian era 维多利亚时代）
playwright 剧作家 classical 古典的 myth 神话
George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theatre. Shaw was a freethinker, defender of women’s rights, and advocate of equality of income. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright.
要点提示：
Irish 爱尔兰的 dramatist 剧作家 literary critic 文学评论家 spokesman 发言人
theater 戏剧界 advocate 提倡 humorous 富有幽默感的
My Fair Lady《窈窕淑女》
It is an adaptation of the play “Pygmalion”.
It is a musical made in 1956.
It was filmed in 1964. The film was a huge success, winning eight Oscars.
要点提示：
adaptation 改写本，改编，适应 musical 音乐的，音乐喜剧
The same theme 同一主题
Theme of the Greek story (希腊故事的主题):
Pygmalion, an artist, creates a statue from stone and makes it have a new life.
Theme of the play by Shaw (萧伯纳戏剧的主题):
Higgins, a phonetics, creates a new girl Eliza from the lower class to the upper class by teaching her English.
Description of each character 人物描写
1. anxious (焦虑的), emotional (易动感情的), ambitious (有抱负的), enthusiastic (热情的)
2. impatient (急躁的), rude (粗鲁的), proud (傲慢的), superior (有优越感的), self-important (妄自尊大的)
3. kind (仁慈的), polite (有教养的), generous (慷慨的), eager (热切的), confident (有信心的), optimistic (乐观的)
【Pygnalion 语言应用】
话题语句（2）
Pygmalion effect
The term Pygmalion effect refers broadly to the effects of interpersonal expectations, that is, the finding that what one person expects of another can come to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
要点提示：
Pygmalion effect 皮格马利翁效应 broadly 概括地
interpersonal 人与人之间的 self-fulfilling 自我实现的，本身自然会实现的
prophecy预言 impact 冲击（力），影响
reinforce 增强
Pygmalion effect in the classroom
In 1965 Robert Rosenthal, professor of social psychology at Harvard University, and his colleague, conducted an experiment in a public elementary school, telling teachers that certain children could be expected to be “genius,” based on the students’ results on the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition. In fact, the test was nonexistent and those children designated as “genius” were chosen at random. What Rosenthal and Jacobson hoped to determine by this experiment was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce changes in student achievement.
要点提示：
psychology 心理学 genius 天才 nonexistent 不存在的
designate 指定 at random 任意地，随便地
Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition哈佛习得变化测验
The science behind the Pygmalion effect
The reason why self-fulfilling prophecies work has to do with our subconscious mind. Whenever we talk about a self-fulfilling prophecy, for example when I say that I will be successful, I am imprinting this into my subconscious mind. The brain works in such a way that it remembers better when we repeat this, so every time I say it, this imprint becomes stronger.
An interesting interaction happens with the conscious mind and the subconscious mind. The conscious mind is heavily influenced by the subconscious mind, but we hardly ever realize this. This interaction means that whatever we have imprinted in our subconscious mind, will be picked up consciously and executed (执行).
要点提示：
subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的 imprint铭记，印记 interaction 相互作用
have/be to do with 与......有关
Using self-fulfilling prophecies to your advantage
Actually, using the Pygmalion effect to your advantage is very simple. The idea is actually very old, in the form of mantra (颂歌,咒语). A mantra, which originates from Hinduism, is a form of prayer that has a powerful effect when repeated. As such, it is basically the Pygmalion effect: repeat something, so it becomes imprinted in your subconscious mind. So the only thing you have to do is create your mantra and keep repeating it. This doesn’t have to be done out loud, you can do this silently too. The key factor is repeating, so your subconscious will pick up the idea and make it grow stronger and stronger.
要点提示：
to sb.’s advantage对......有利 originate from 来自 Hinduism 印度教
as such 同样地 key factor 关键因素
A word of caution
The nasty matter of fact is that the Pygmalion effect can also be used in a bad way. Have you ever noticed how people who claim that they always have bad luck ... always have bad luck? The key here is to only concern yourself with positive thinking. Stay away from bad ideas, because repeating those will also imprint them in your subconscious! ■
话题语句（3）
有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1. 一位语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位
an expert in phonetics, _______ that the ______ of a person’s English decides his / her ______
2. 贫苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活
a poor flower girl who is _________________
3. 陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。希金斯还给上校安排了一项工作
an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins’ who ___________
4. 附近一个穿着深色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。
Nearby a flower girl wearing _________ and a _______ is also _________ the rain.
5. 你把我当成什么人了？
What do you ___________?
6. 我还以为你可能是一个便衣警察呢。
I thought maybe you were a policeman ________.
7. 一般来说，人们对于他们认为地位比他们高的人要更礼貌一些，而对于他们认为地位低一些的人，他们的礼貌就差一些。
___________, people are ________ to those who they think are __________ and _______ to those they consider are members of a lower class.
8. 亨利·希金斯和皮克林上校坐着专心地谈话。
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting _____________.
9. 我本来很欣赏自己，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来，而你却发出了130个元音，你赢了我。
I ________ myself because I can ________ twenty-four _______ vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me.
10. 我会为这个小赌当裁判，而且课时费也由我来付......
I’ll be the ______ for this little bet and _________ too...
参考答案：
1. convinced; quality; position in society (convince sb. of sth./ to do sth. 使某人确信......)
2. ambitious to improve herself （ambitious 有抱负的）
3. sets him a task
4. dark garments; woolen scarf; sheltering from (shelter from 躲避)
5. take me for (take for 误以为)
6. in disguise (伪装的，假扮的)
7. Generally speaking; more polite; of a higher social class (of 属于); less polite
8. deep in conversation (专心谈话)
9. rather fancied; pronounce; distinct (rather 相当，颇；fancy oneself自负，自命不凡；fancy 自负，想象，设想，想要)
10. referee; pay for the lessons
写作运用
英语戏剧
戏剧同小说一样有情节（plot）、人物（character）、背景（setting）、主题（theme）和风格（style）。戏剧一般分为幕（acts）和场（scenes）。场是幕中的部分，有的只分幕，不分场。
1. 剧本三要素：舞台说明、戏剧冲突、人物台词。
舞台说明：帮助导演和演员掌握剧情，为演出提供相关说明。
戏剧冲突：剧中必须有一个矛盾冲突（问题）供人物去解决，剧中所有的事件都与该矛盾冲突有关。
人物台词：即剧中人物的语言，是性格化的，有动作性，因为人物的语言与人物的行动联系在一起的。同时，人物的语言和动作要合乎各自的身份和特征。台词的表现形式有：对话、独白、旁白、内白（在后台说话）、潜台词等。
2. 时态：多用现在时。
3. 舞台说明用斜体，置于括号中，常用省略句、动词-ing形式等。
另外，本单元的话题写作还可以拓展为书评、戏剧评论或有关皮格马利翁效应的内容的书面表达。
话题写作范文
Example 1
假如下面是Eliza的第一节课要结束时的场景，据此推测并编写她与Mrs Pearce（女仆）的对话。
H = Higgins CP = Colonel Pickering E = Eliza
... ...
E: The rai-ain in Spai-ain falls mai-ainly on the plain.
CP: Miss Doolittle, that’s so much better.
H: Now, Eliza, go and practise by yourself. Keep your tongue well forward instead of trying to swallow it.
E: (beginning to cry) Oah! Oah!
H：(angrily) Now Eliza, go and tell Mrs Pearce about this lesson. Think about it and practise by yourself. Away with you!
(Eliza is still sobbing, rushes from the room)
CP: Now Henry, couldn’t you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made?
参考范文：
MP = Mrs Pearce E = Eliza
MP: Ah Eliza, there you are! How did the first lesson go?
E: (very upset) Oh Mrs Pearce. It was terrible.
MP: Why do you think like that? What happened?
E: Is it possible that I’m bad at everything? First it was my appearance and my clothes. Now it’s my pronunciation. Why they even made me say my ABC!
MP: Dry your eyes, my dear. Let me encourage you. I’m sure they were just trying to help you. I know Mr Higgins is very keen on getting that right. He says that is the start of good speaking.
E: (feeling better) Oh do you really think that’s true? Perhaps he didn’t mean to unkind then!
MP: Well, I know he’s not quite a gentleman when it comes to a lady’s feelings. He is so strict on you because he wants to win his bet with Colonel Pickering.
E: Really! So he doesn’t just do it because he doesn’t like me. Thank you Mrs Pearce. You have made me feel much better.
Example 2
假如下表是Higgins教授给Eliza上的第一节课的小结笔记，根据笔记来推测第二节课的情况，写一场小剧。
What Eliza got right
What still needs to be improved
Pronunciation
She got the phrases and sentences correct after repeating them twice: “Do you think I don’t know anything?” “a cup of tea” “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain”.
Her “ai” in “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain” and her alphabet.
Evaluation
She learns quickly, and picks up new pronunciation very fast.
参考范文：
Act Two, Scene 3
H = Higgins E = Eliza CP = Colonel Pickering
(Professor Higgins is waiting for Eliza to come to their second lesson. He looks up and smiles as she enters the room.)
H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our second lesson?
E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es.
H: Well done, Eliza, that sounds better already. Don’t you think so, Pickering?
CP: Yes, indeed.
H: Well. Let’s try our sentences again, shall we? Let’s see. There was “a cup of tea”.
E: A cu-up of te-ea.
CP: Excellent, my dear. And first time too.
H: Yes indeed. Now let’s try “I don’t know anything”.
E: I don’t know-ow any-thing.
H: Amazing progress. Don’t you think so, Pickering? She’s really listening. Now, let’s do the last sentence “The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.”
E: The rain in Spain star-eyes mainly on the plar-eyen.
H: Almost perfect. Just a little more work, Eliza. “Stai-ays” and Plai-ain”. Again please.
E: The rain in Spain stay-ays mainly on the plai-ain.
CP: Wonderful. She’ll soon be perfect.
H: Excellent, Eliza. We’ll soon make a lady of you. Now off you go for a good lunch. Well done!
拓展写作范文
Example 1
《皮格马利翁》是萧伯纳根据一个希腊神话改写的同名剧本，学完此剧后，你认为此剧如何？请为此剧写一篇短评。
点拨：
1. 这是一篇戏剧评论，首先要写明戏剧的题目及作者，并对故事及人物、背景等作简单介绍；
2. 写出你喜欢此剧的理由；
3. 对特殊情节或人物作简述。
4. 综合评价此剧。
参考范文：
Review of Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw
I enjoyed studying the play Pygmalion very much. I found it both amusing and interesting. Like the ancient Greek play, the theme of the play is change. In the Greek play, the artist Pygmalion changes from a person who dislikes women to someone who loves one particular woman. In this modern play, Henry Higgins changes from a person who first dislikes Eliza to someone who does like Eliza though he will not admit it. In the Greek play, the statue changes from a stone into a real person. In this play, Eliza changes from a flower girl into a beautiful and accomplished lady.
The play is set in the early 20th century. It is at a time when social groups in society are fixed and they can be identified through clothes and languages. So when Eliza improves both her clothes and conversation, she is able to act like a real lady.
I think the time in which the play is set increases my interest in the play. I enjoy the use of badly spoken English. I like to see the way Eliza’s language changes from bad grammar to beautiful English. I also like the idea that she changes from being dirty and badly dressed to looking so beautiful that people think she must be a princess.
I learned a lot about English society a hundred years ago. I also enjoyed following the development of the people in the play. I look forward to seeing the play acted on the stage.
Example 2
假如你上周去表姐家做客，看到六岁的小外甥每次因犯一点错误就被表姐责骂，你想起皮格马利翁效应（Pygmalion Effect）。请就此事写一篇短文，并包括如下要点：
1. 叙述上周的经历；
2. 积极的期望和更多的关爱，能促使人们做得更好；
3. 应给予儿童更多的鼓励而不是责骂，赞扬而不是批评。
参考范文：
Last Sunday I paid a visit to my cousin, who has a six-year-old son. Though I stayed with them only a short time, I found that every time my nephew made a mistake, my cousin would scold him, which reminded me of the Pygmalion Effect. Anybody, young or old, adult or child, can perform better when they are given more love and care, when they are expected to do so. Give children encouragement instead of scolding them and give them praise instead of criticism, because if you believe they can achieve greatness, then they will indeed achieve greatness.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. ________ and happy, Tom stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
2. He couldn’t _______ his father that John was telling the truth.
A. convince B. believe C. admit D. display
3. Most co-workers think him superior ________ the manager though he is an ordinary employee.
A. with B. by C. over D. to
4. —Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes, I gave it to her ________ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
5. Charles Darwin considered ________ to be the process by which evolution took place.
A. adjust B. accompany C. abandon D. adaptation
6. _________ to earn money herself because her family was poor, she dreamed of working in a proper flower shop.
A. Determining B. To determine C. To be determined D. Determine
7. He doesn’t know much about the subject, but he’s very ________ about it.
A. impatient B. confident C. ambitious D. enthusiastic
8. Mr Higgins found her a ______ student because he was too impatient to teach her well.
A. polite B. confident C. anxious D. disappointed
9. Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. distinguish D. shelter
10. ________，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
A．Generally speaking B．General speaking
C．Speaking general D．Speaking generally
11. The clothes a person wears may express his ________ or social position.
A. curiosity B. status C. determination D. significance
12. I wonder _______ you can change this note for me. I need some coins to buy a ticket from the machine.
A. whether B. how C. what D. that
13. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
14. The ______ of the film is very complicated, so many people feel confused.
A. plot B. spot C. block D. coincidence
15. Jenny nearly missed the flight ________ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Tears streamed down my face as I sat at my grandmother’s funeral (葬礼)．My grandmother lived a very 1 life，and was full of energy，1ove，and wisdom．She 2 said the right thing for the situation．And，whenever we had a problem，we 3 we could talk with Grandma．
As a teenager，I can remember many conversations 4 Grandmother would give us her worldly wisdom and she would always 5 saying，“You have a(n) 6 smiling on you dear．I know you will do the right thing．”
Now，here we were at her 7 ．I really knew I had an angel smiling on me as I am sure Grandma was in heaven smiling down and 8 us．
I 9 to help my Mum sort through Grandma’s apartment．The next few days were filled with memories，and filled with 10 , and filled with tears. As we sorted through Grandma’s stuff，it brought back some wonderful 11 ．I was packing the last of the dishes 12 my Mum called to me．I went into Grandma’s bedroom，and my Mum 13 me a package with my name written on it．I opened the box and read the 14 :
May this little angel 15 upon your home
Filling your days with cheer
Know that she stands 16 for you
To help you 17 all year
And Grandma had handwritten，“Hang this stained glass angel in your window to 18 you of your angel Kate! Love Grandma” ．
To this day，I have the stained glass angel 19 in my bedroom window．And，every time I look at it I can hear 20 saying：“You have an angel smiling on you dear．I know you will do the right thing．”
1．A．empty B．poor C．full D．rich
2．A．never B．always C．seldom D．hardly
3．A．agreed B．dreamed C．planned D．knew
4．A．where B．that C．when D．which
5．A．insist on B．put off C．end up D．give up
6．A．friend B．angel C．classmate D．teacher
7．A．party B．meeting C．lecture D．funeral
8．A．looking after B．searching for C．hearing from D．listening to
9．A．refused B．managed C．offered D．preferred
10．A．housework B．laughter C．business D．surprise
11．A．chances B．materials C．wishes D．memories
12．A．when B．since C．because D．so
13．A．threw B．left C．handed D．posted
14．A．story B．poem C．novel D．joke
15．A．fly B．stop C．stay D．shine
16．A．on guard B．in turn C．with care D．at home
17．A．study B．work C．smile D．live
18．A．warm B．remind C．cheat D．rob
19．A．lying B．sleeping C．hiding D．hanging
20．A．Grandma B．Father C．Grandpa D．Mother
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳答案。
China Steams Ahead On Clean Energy
China overtook the US during 2009 to become the leading investor in renewable energy technologies，according to a new analysis．
Researchers with the Pew(皮尔) Charitable Trusts calculate that China invested $34.6bn(￡23.2bn) in clean energy over the year，almost double the US figure．
The UK emerges in the third place among G20 nations，followed by Spain and Brazil．
The most spectacular(令人惊叹的) growth has come in South Korea，which saw installed capacity rise by 250% in five years．
Globally，investment has more than doubled in the last five years，Pew finds，with the recent economic turmoil (混乱) generating only a slight dip．
“Even in the midst of a global recession，the clean energy market has experienced impressive growth，”said Phyllis Cuttino，director of Pew’s campaign on climate change．
“Countries are jockeying for leadership．”
“They know that investing in clean energy can renew manufacturing bases，and create export opportunities，jobs and businesses．”
The US still holds a marginal lead in the total amount of installed capacity，but will be overtaken by China during the course of this year if existing trends continue．
Diversification nation
China’s target of having 30GW of installed renewable capacity in place by 2020 will soon be exceeded through wind alone，and new targets are in the process of being set．
“The government has taken a strategic decision that diversifying its energy supply should be a national priority，”commented Steve Sawyer，secretary-general of the Global Wind Energy Council(GWEC)，who was not involved in the Pew report．
“It is now the world’s leading manufacturer of solar photovoltaic cells，and more wind turbines are made in China than anywhere else．”
However，China’s use of fossil fuels is also expanding fast．
So far，renewables account for a small share of its energy supply，although the overall target is a 15% share of total energy by 2020．
1．According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．China becomes a leader in renewable energy technologies．
B．The clean energy market has an amazing growth．
C．In the last five years，the global investments has more than doubled．
D．The recent economic turmoil generated a sharp dip．
2．According to Steve Sawyer，which of the following is true?
A．Steve Sawyer is working for Pew．
B．His comment is involved in the Pew report．．
C．The Chinese government simplifying its energy supply should be a national priority．
D．China has manufactured more solar photovoltaic cells and wind turbines than anywhere else．
3．From the last paragraph，the author’s attitude towards the renewable technology is ________．
A．positive B．negative C disappointed D．not mentioned
4．Where was seen installed capacity rise by 250% in five years?
A．In China． B．In Spain．
C．In the UK． D．In South Korea．
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．China became a leader in renewable energy technologies in 2009．
B．The new trend in the renewable energy technology．
C．China is diversifying its energy supply．
D．An analysis about renewable energy．
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
Crying marriage? 1 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 2 (remain) in fashion 3 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 4 (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 5 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 6 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 7__ as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases __8 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a __9 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the __10 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
（2）
Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country __1__be considered extremely rude in another. Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners __2__ the modern table manners in Korea. __3__ (tradition), it was the woman’s job to cook food and __4__ (set) the table. The woman would sit __5__ her husband to make sure that he had everything he needed for a pleasant meal. Only __6__ the husband finished, would the woman and her children eat. Nowadays, table manners have changed a lot. __7__ of the family members eat together at the same time. It is common to see everyone help with the meal, __8__ (include) the husband. One tradition, however, has not changed. It is that the oldest person starts the meal. __9__ (stay) until the oldest person is finished is considered to be __10__ basic tradition of Korean table manners.
五、书面表达
假如你是李华。在下周一的英语口语课上，你班同学将会在一起就各自最喜欢阅读的世界名著展开交流，请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文为这次交流会做准备。
要点提示：
1. 你喜欢的作品是什么；
2. 喜欢这部作品的原因；
3. 这部作品对你产生的影响；
4. 向其他同学推荐这部作品。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。surprise 作动词意为“使某人惊奇”，其过去分词表示人“感到惊奇”的状态，作状语，前面不需加being。
2. A。convince 说服；admit 承认，许可进入；display 陈列，展示。
3. D。superior to 优于。句意：大多数同事认为他比经理优秀，虽然他只是个普通员工。
4. B。the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一......就......”；while表示“在......期间”，与延续性动词连用，而see是瞬间动词。
5. D。adaptation（适应）在句子作宾语；adjust 动词，意思是“使适应、调整”； accompany 陪伴；abandon 离弃。句意：查理斯?达尔文认为适应性改变是进化的进程。
6. A。determine to do sth. 决心做某事。句子的主语可以是determine的逻辑主语，所以用-ing形式作原因状语。
7. D。虽然不怎么懂，但是可以感兴趣，所以选D。enthusiastic 极感兴趣的，热心的；impatient 不耐烦的；confident 自信的；ambitious 有抱负的。
8. D。 Higgins先生发现她感到很失望，因为他没有耐心好好教她。disappointed 感到失望的；polite 有礼貌的；confident 有信心的；anxious 不安的。
9. D。句意：有些父母保护性太强了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受任何形式的危险，不管这种危险是真实存在的还是想象的。shelter... from 保护某人免受......；spot 看见，发现，不与from连用；dismiss 解雇，开除；distinguish sb. from sb. 把某人与某人区别开来。
10. A。generally speaking一般来说。句意：一般来说，北方人爱吃水饺，而南方人喜欢米饭。
11. B。人们穿的衣服可表现出的是人的身份和社会地位，所以选status（身份）；curiosity 好奇心；determination 决心；significance 意义。
12. A。因为需要硬币从售票机上买票请求把纸币换成硬币，选用“是否（whether）”，与I wonder一起表示客气的请求或疑问。
13. C。could have done表示“本来能够做而没有做”。句意：他并没有遗憾说了他所做的事，但是他觉得他本来可以表达得有所不同。
14. A。句意：电影的情节很复杂，所以好多人都觉得很困惑。plot 情节；spot 斑点，场所；block 大块，街区；coincidence 巧合。
15. A。句意：由于购物花费时间太多，詹妮差点错过航班。as a result of 作为......的结果，由于；on top of 在......之上；in front of 在......前面；in need of 需要。
二、完形填空
1．C。根据下文中的full of energy，love，and wisdom可知，奶奶过着充实的(full)生活。
2．B。根据下文中的whenever we had a problem，we _______ we could talk with Grandma，说明她总是(always)说出合乎情理的东西。
3．D。无论什么时候有了困难，我们知道(knew)可以和奶奶谈一谈。
4．A。在谈话中，奶奶会给我们她的智慧。这里where引导定语从句。
5．C。她最后(end up)总是会说……，这里没有“坚持、推迟或放弃”之意。
6．B。联系下文中的I really knew I had an angel smiling on me可知，你有一位天使(angel)在向你微笑。
7．D。下文中的in heaven是解题的重要信息，现在，我们在这里参加她的葬礼(funeral)。
8．A。作者能够肯定奶奶在天堂微笑着并照顾(looking after)着我们。
9．C。作者主动(offered)去帮助妈妈整理奶奶的公寓。
10．B。此处和句中的tears在语境上有对比关系，后来的几天里，作者对奶奶充满着记忆，也充满了欢笑(laughter)和泪水。
11．D。当他们整理奶奶的东西的时候，它给他们带来一些美好的回忆(memories)。
12．A。作者在收拾餐具，这时(when)妈妈喊作者，从句部分说明动作发生的时间。
13．C。根据下文中的I opened the box等语境可知，妈妈递给(handed)作者一个包裹。
14．B。作者打开盒子，读了这首诗歌(poem)，这和下文中的引用的内容是一致的。
15．D。联系诗歌的意境，结合全文的意思可知，但愿天使的光芒照耀(shine)着你的家园。
16．A。冥冥中她站在那里守护(on guard)着你。
17．C。并助你天天笑口常开(smile)，这几句诗歌的意思是相互联系的。
18．B。根据下文中的To this day，I have the stained glass angel hanging in my bedroom window可知，挂在窗户里的天使提醒(remind)你记住凯特天使。
19. D。直到今天，作者还把玻璃天使挂在（hanging）窗户上。
20. A。作者每次看到它，都能够听到奶奶说......
三、阅读理解
1．D。由文章第五段中“with the recent economic turmoil generating only a slight dip”可知，在经济衰退的近段时间可再生技术的市场仅仅略微下降，D是急剧下降，与原文不符，故答案选D。
2．D。文章倒数第三段中“It is now the world’s leading manufacturer of solar photovoltaic cells，and more wind turbines are made in China than anywhere else．”这句话同样是史蒂夫的评论，中国现在是世界光能电池元件以及涡轮机的制造商，超过其他国家。故答案选D。
3．A。由文章最后一段中“so far，renewable account for a small share of its energy supply，although the overall target is a 15% share of total energy by 2020．”可知虽然现在可再生能源在能源供应中只占了一小部分，但在2020年目标则是15%，因此可知作者的口气是期许的，故答案选A。
4．D。从文章第四段中“The most spectacular growth has come in South Korea，which saw installed capacity rise by 250% in five years．”这句可以看出最瞩目的增长在韩国，仅在5年内装机容量增长了250%。故答案选D。
5．A。文章第一段“China overtook the US during 2009 to become the leading investor in renewable energy technologies”，这句话统领全文，由此可知文章是围绕中国在可再生能源科技中的投资领先来讲的，故答案选A。
四、语法填空
（1）
1. Surprising。此句是省略句，省略了It is，所以填surprising，表示事物的性质，意为“令人吃惊的”。
2.remained。与上文的existed并列，所以用一般过去时。
3. until/till。“remained in fashion”一直持续到清朝末期。until/till 到……为止。
4. necessity。view… as 把……看成，介词as后应接名词，所以填necessary的名词necessity，意为“必需品”。
5. the。the same 意为“同样的”。
6. Otherwise。从上下文可知，此处填otherwise，表示“否则的话”。
7. her。从上文可知，新娘的邻居会看不起新娘，用代词her代替“新娘”。
8. in。cases意为“情况”，which代替cases在定语从句中作要填的介词in的宾语，意为“在……情况下”。
9. way/means。way和means意为“方法、方式”。
10. arranged。婚礼是被“安排”的，arrange与marriages是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
（2）
1. may。根据句意“一个国家所接受的东西可能在另一个国家被认为相当粗鲁”，应该填may。
2. and。“the modern table manners”与上文“the traditional table manners”并列，所以填并列连词and。
3. Traditionally。traditionally 传统上，按传统。
4. set。set与上文的cook并列，省略了不定式符号的to。set the table在桌子上摆放餐具。
5. bybeside。从下文可知妻子要照顾丈夫吃饭，所以应该是坐在丈夫“旁边（by/beside）”。
6. after。只有丈夫吃完后（after），女人和孩子才会吃饭。
7. All。“所有的”的家庭成员一起吃饭。
8. including。从句子的上半部分可知已经有了谓语is，include要用非谓语动词，因为everyone与include（包括）是主动关系，用including。
9. Staying。从谓语动词is可知要填的词stay是主语，所以用其-ing形式。
10. a。a basic tradition 一种基本的传统/惯例。
五、书面表达
My favourite motto is — a man can be destroyed, but he can never be defeated. It comes from the well-known American writer, Hemingway’s novel, Old Man and the Sea, which also my favourite book.
I strongly admire the old fisherman’s will in the novel. The novel focuses on his wonderful spirit and shows how he struggles against great danger and difficulties and always manages to overcome them. He makes me understand that a person must have an extremely strong spirit to achieve what he wants.
Let me take this opportunity to recommend this classic of American literature. With Old Man and the Sea, the author, Ernest Hemingway, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. You should find time to read this novel, and you, too, will be touched by the old fisherman and his strong will.