（人教版）高中英语必修一：Unit 2 English around the world直接引语和间接引语及语法讲解（II）

表示命令、请求的句子的间接引语
语法点拨
概念引入
“Look at this example” the teacher said to us. →
The teacher told us to look at the example.
“Would you like to see my flat?” she asked→
She asked me to see her flat
祈使句的间接引语1
1. 直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，多用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如：
The hostess said to us,“Please sit down.” 女主人跟我们说：“请坐。”
→The hostess asked us to sit down. 女主人请我们坐下。
Father said to him, “Go away!” 父亲对他说：“走开！”
→Father ordered him to go away. 父亲命令他走开。
(2018 四川高考) I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen．
我请妈妈在客厅里坐着，我在厨房做饭。
2. 注意祈使句如果是否定句，not多放在to do sth. 前。
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” 他说：“孩子们，别弄出这么多噪音。”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他告诉孩子们不要弄出这么大噪音。
3. 祈使句变成间接引语中，相应的时间状语、地点状语、人称、时态及动词等都要作相应的变化。
Mother said to me, “Come back before 10:00.” 母亲对我说：“十点前回来。”
→Mother told me to go back before 10:00. 母亲让我十点前回来。
She said to us, “Don’t drink this water.” 她对我们说：“不要喝这个水。”
→She ordered us not to drink that water. 她命令我们不要喝那水。
4. 有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let’s have a rest.” 他说：“咱们休息一会儿吧。”
→He suggested our having a rest. 他建议我们休息一会儿。
He said, “Let me help you.” 他说：“让我帮你吧。”
→He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮我。
祈使句的间接引语2
1. 当直接引语形式上是表示请求、建议的疑问句，可用ask sb to do sth. /suggest doing/ advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. 他问：“你介意打开窗户吗？”
→He asked me to open the door. 他让我打开窗户。
“Would you please pass me the book?” she said to me.
她对我说：“请递给我那本书好吗？”
→She asked me to pass her the book. 她让我递给她那本书。
“Why not go out for a walk?” he asked us. “为什么不出去走走呢？”他问我们。
→He advised us to go out for a walk. 他劝我们出去走走。
→He suggested we go out for a walk. 他建议我们出去走走。
2. 直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!” 她说：“多好的天气啊！”
→She said what a lovely day it was. 她说天气多么好啊。
→She said that it was a lovely day. 她说这是一个好天气。
【直接引语变间接引语】
※ 步骤小结
直接引语是祈使句变间接引语的：
1.said/said to变成 begged/ advised / asked/ told/ ordered/ warned等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。
2. 呼语变宾语，please要去掉。
3. Let’s 开头的祈使句----另一种变法
I said to him, “Let’s start at once.”
→I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.
※ 小练习
1. The man said to me, “Please send for a doctor now !”
The man ____ me ____ for a doctor ____.
A. ordered…to send…then B. told …send…now
C. asked…to send…then D. asked…send…now
2. The mother said, “Be friendly to others, son.”
The mother ______ friendly to others.
A. asked her son be B. ordered her son to be
C. told her son be D. told her son to be
第一题选C。根据原句的语气，第一空排除A选项；根据ask/ told sb. to do sth结构，排除B、D选项。
第二题选D；根据原句的语气，第一空排除B选项order；根据ask/ told sb. to do sth结构，排除A、C选项。
※ 步骤小口诀-----祈使句变为间接引语
一改 （主句谓语动词）
二变 （呼语为宾语）
三加 （动词前加to）
四去 （please）■
知识延伸：常用来引导间接引语的动词与句式
引述别人的话时，常用下面的动词和句式来代替say或ask。
动词+从句
动词：add (又说), admit (承认), agree (同意), announce (宣布), believe (相信), boast (自夸), claim (声称), complain (抱怨), declare (宣布), deny (否认), explain (解释), insist (坚持), remind (提醒), suggest (建议), warm (警告), reply/ answer (回答), repeat (重复)等
They complained that the price of books had increased.
他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。
Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. (2018 福建高考)
坦尼森建议我们应该给那位女士买花。
I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. （2018 湖北高考）
我解释说他的老师没有把它看成游戏，感到很不安。
动词+if/ whether
动词：inquire (询问), wonder (想知道)
I inquired whether the train was on time. 我问火车是否准时。
Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday.
特德不知道为什么警方要他去,但昨天他去了警察局。
动词+ sb. to do sth.
动词：advise (劝说), beg (乞求), forbid (禁止), order (命令), promise (许诺), warn (警告)
The teacher ordered the class to check for errors.
老师命令班里学生检查一下错误。
The boy advised the girl not to drink that liquid.
那个男孩儿劝那个女孩儿不要喝那种饮料。
动词+ to do sth.
动词：agree（同意），offer（提议），promise（许诺），refuse（拒绝），threaten（威胁）
I refuse to answer that question. 我不愿回答那个问题。
His father threatened to beat the boy if he stole again.
男孩的父亲威胁说如果他再偷东西的话，就要揍他。
动词+ doing sth.
动词：admit (承认), deny (拒绝), suggest
He admits being ignorant of it. 他承认忽视了这件事。
He suggested going out for a walk. 他建议出去走走。
知识延伸：另类间接引语结构
1. 转述人们确信或传说的话时，常用句式：
It is / was + 过去分词（said/ believed/ reported/ known/ supposed/ ...）+ that ...
People say, “Some mushrooms are poisonous.” 人们说：“这些蘑菇有毒。”
→It’s said that some mushrooms are poisonous. 据说有些蘑菇有毒。
It is reported that that famous actor has gone to Europe. 据报道那个明星去欧洲了。
2. 上面这个句型可以变成：
主语+ is / was + 过去分词（said/ believed/ reported/ known/ supposed/ ...）+ to do sth.
（此句型中的主语是信息所涉及的人或物）
It is known that bears like honey.
→Bears are known to like honey. 据说熊喜欢蜂蜜。
注意：
如果所报道的事件在报道之前发生，to do sth.要用完成式。
It is said that he has finished writing another novel.
→He is said to have finished writing a novel. 据说他已经写完了另一本小说。
巩固练习
一、把下面的直接引语改为间接引语
1. “Go to bed and don’t get up till you are called,” his father ordered.
His father ordered him ________go to bed and________ ________ get up till ________ ________called.
2. “Don’t pass until the green light is on.” the policeman said to him.
The policeman ______ him ________ ________ pass until the green light ________ on.
3. “Will you please pass me that book？” he asked.
He asked ________ ________ I ________ pass ________ that book.
4. “Why don’t you go with me？” he asked.
He asked me ________ ________ ________ go with ________.
5. “Do some shopping for me, please,” he said to her.
He ________ her to do some shopping for ________.
6. “Make sure the door is locked，”she said.
She ________ me to make sure the door was locked.
7. She said to him, “Wait a moment.”
She _______ a moment.
8. “Would you please tell me a story?” little Tom said to his mother.
Little Tom _____ tell him a story.
9. “Would you please not put your bag here?” he said to the woman
He ___________________________ bag there.
10. He said to his son, “Move your chair a little bit closer to me.”
_________________________________________
二、单项填空
1. Mary’s father told her that he ________ to China in 1996.
A. went B. had gone C. have gone D. go
2. Host: Mr. Black, introduce yourself to us, please.”
Secretary: (to an old guest): He ______ Mr. Black ______ to them.
A. asked…to introduce yourself B. asked…to introduce himself
C. told…introduce yourself D. ordered…introduce himself
3. (2018 江苏常州武进区期末) Our guide told us last night that we ______ the sunrise in the desert early today, so we went to bed earlier than usual.
A. watched B. were about to watch C. were going to watch D. had watched
4. Teacher: China lies in Asia.
Tom: John, what did the teacher say just now?
John: He said _____________________.
A. China lies in Asia B. does China lie in Asia
C. China lied in Asia D. did China lie in Asia
5. Girl: Where shall I park?
Tom: What did the girl ask, John?
John: She wanted to know ___________.
A. where should she park B. she should park where
C. where to park D. to park where
6. My mother asked me ________ to clean my room.
A. don’t forget B. not forget C. not to forget D. not forgetting
7. —Joyce, please don’t open the window.
—Pardon?
—I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
8. —I wonder__________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. (2018福建高考)
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. if
9. Mr. Green asked Lily ________ she had written to her father _______.
A. whether; the day before B. whether; yesterday
C. that; the day before D. that; yesterday
10. Please remember to tell me _________ you are leaving. I may be in time to see you off.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
11. (2018 北京东城期末)When she asked Peter ________ he was out of work again, he nodded his head and said yes.
A. that B. when C. whether D. how
12. (2018 北京东城期末)The doctor told Kate’s parents last week that she ________ from her knee injury.
A. recovers B. is recovering C. has recovered D. was recovering
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 据说那种植物常用来治疗癌症。
___________ the plant is often used to treat cancer.
2. 老师命令学生们不经允许不要动实验室的任何东西。
The teacher __________________ anything in the lab without permission.
3. 老板请求工人们要充分利用这段时间。
The boss asked his workers __________________ the time.
4. 记者命令摄影师拍一张那家银行的照片。
The journalist ________ the photographer _____________ of the bank.
5. 詹宁斯老师劝我们课后进行一些锻炼。
Ms Jennings ________________ some exercises after class.
6. 他建议做饭时听点音乐。
He _______________ to some music when cooking.
7. 他警告吉姆晚上不要出去。
He ____________________ out at night.
8. 老太太说它是一只多么可爱的小狗呀。
The old woman said ____________________.
9. (2018 北京东城期末) Tom 问这本书是属于谁的。
Tom asks ________________.
10. 我父母亲告诉我不要乱扔废纸。
My parents told me _______________________.
四、书面表达
假如你是个高二学生，下面是你们学校的校规，你需要根据这则校规，向高一的新同学介绍他们在学校的注意事项。
答案解析
一、把下面的直接引语改为间接引语
1. to；not to；he was
2. told；not to；was
3. me if；would；him
4. why I didn’t；him
5. asked；him
6. told/ asked
7. told him to wait
8. asked his mother to
9. asked the woman not to put her
10. He told his son to move his chair a little bit closer to him.
二、单项填空
1. A。因为句中有明确时间状语in 1996，故时态不用变成过去完成时。
2. B。主持人（Host）让布莱克先生介绍自己，秘书（Secretary）对一个老年客人转述。祈使句变成间接引语时用asked sb. to do sth.；另外yourself变成himself。
3. C。told用的是过去时，间接引语中应该用相应的过去时态；且“告诉”的是第二天计划要做的事，用过去将来时。所以选C。
4. A。直接引语部分为客观事实，变成间接引语时时态不变。
5. C。where to park相当于where she should park， 根据句子的语序及时态要求，A，B，D项均不符合要求。
6. C。祈使句的否定句变成间接引语时，使用ask sb. not to do sth.。
7. D。祈使句的否定句变成间接引语时，使用tell sb. not to do sth.。
8. B。句子是用表示方式的介词by短语回答的，所以是针对方式提问的，故用how。wonder 想知道。
9. A。asked表明是询问的事，所以是个问题，排除that；yesterday变成间接引语改成the day before，所以选A。
10. A。从下文可知，说话人要去送行，所以问的应该是时间，所以选A。句意：请告诉我你什么时候动身，我可能赶得上去送你。
11. C。句意：当她问彼得他是否又失业了，他点点头说是的。根据句意，选C。whether 是否。
12. D。因为told是一般过去时，其间接引语要用相应的过去时态，所以选D。句意：医生上周告诉凯特的父母亲她的膝盖的伤正在恢复中。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. It is said that 2. ordered the students not to touch 3. to make full use of
4. ordered; to take a photo 5. advised us to do 6. suggested listening
7. warned Jim not to go 8. what a lovely dog it was
9. who/whom this book belongs to/whose book it is 10. not to throw waste paper about
四、书面表达
Our school advises us to go to school on time and greet teachers. Meanwhile, our school also tells us to be honest. The school orders us not to smoke as well. And the school tells us to persist in doing physical exercise and finish homework in time. At this very beginning of the new semester, I, as a senior schoolmate, advise all of us to be hard-working students and achieve something in future.