（人教版）高中英语必修一：第4-5单元复习与巩固
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| 名称 | （人教版）高中英语必修一：第4-5单元复习与巩固 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-08-19 21:34:05 | ||
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文档简介
必修一Units 4-5复习与巩固
学习目标
说明：重点单词在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示。
重点词句
Unit 4: burst, million, event, injure, destroy，damage和ruin, rescue, trap和bury, shock和frighten, congratulation, judge
Unit 5:quality, devote, fee, equal, escape
Unit 4: think little of, as if, at an end, a (great) number of, all ... not, 分数
Unit 5: out of work, blow up, come to power, set up及同义短语, only引起的倒装
重点语法
定语从句（1）
综合运用
用定语从句让作文更好
重点词句
burst
【点拨】
1. burst既是名词也是动词，意为“爆炸；猛冲；爆发”。
2. 常考短语：
burst into 突然闯入，突然……起来
burst out 突然开始（后接v.-ing形式）；(战争、疾病等) 突然发生(＝break out)
burst into tears/laughter
对比：burst out crying/laughing（意思都是“突然哭/笑起来”，注意动词与介、副词的搭配）
burst in突然插嘴，打断谈话；突然来到
He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
The dam burst under the weight of water.
大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。
The sun burst through the clouds.
太阳破云而出。
The audience burst into cheers/burst out cheering. 观众爆发了一阵欢呼声。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
隔壁房间突然爆发出一阵笑声。
million
【点拨】
1. million表示不确定的约数时，常用复数，后加of；其前如具体数字修饰，要用单数形式。
2. 用法相同的词：常用的还有thousand，hundred，dozen，score。
tens of thousands of 数以万计的
hundreds of thousands of 数以十万计的
thousands of 数千计的
scores of 许多的
A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.
一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。
The sun was shining. Thousands of people were lying on the beach.
阳光灿烂，数以千计的人躺在海滩上。
About three hundred of them have left there. 他们当中约有300人离开了那儿。
He was prepared to pay two million. 他愿意支付200万。
event
【点拨】
1. event指“事件、大事”，也可以指“运动项目”。
The important event of the week was the big storm.
那一周中的大事就是那场大暴风雪。
Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children.
村里即将发生的大事，就是招待学校的孩子们和舞蹈表演。
Our team won the silver medal in this event.
我们队获得该项目的银牌。
2. event, matter, thing, business
此4词都可以译成“事情”，有时可能互换，但是还是各有侧重。
A. event通常指具有很大影响、意义大的事件或运动会的比赛项目。
Can you remember the events which happened in the 1990s?
你能想起20世纪90年代的那个事件？
B. matter 意思为“毛病”、“问题”，还指“要考虑、处理或者与……有关的事情”。
There's something the matter with my eyes. 我的眼睛出问题了。
Some people prefer the older version to the new one. It's a matter of taste.
有人喜欢老版本，不喜欢新版本，这是品味的问题。
C. thing 指“事情、事务、东西”，包括大事、小事、动作、事实、所说、所做，但一般不指专门的事务。
To say is one thing but to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。
Bring your swimming things. 带着你游泳要用的东西。
D. business表示“事情”，一般指“公事、正事、商业事务”，强调任务，职务等指派的工作。
He is away on business. 他在公出。
It's none of your business. 与你无关。
injure
【点拨】
1. injure是及物动词，意思是“（尤指事故中或在感情、自尊心上）伤害”。名词是injury。
2. 形容词injured表示“受伤的”，the injured 伤者，受伤的人。
3. 辨析injure，wound，hurt，harm
① hurt普通用语，多指伤痛。不及物时表示“疼”。
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。
He felt hurt at your words. 你的话使他很难过。
点拨:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
②injure指意外事故损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
Drinking can injure one's health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。
③harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，尤其是不良或不道德的事情。
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。
④wound 指枪、刀、刺伤等皮肉之伤，特别是战场上的受伤，也可指人们精神上的创伤。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。
destroy，damage和ruin
【点拨】
1. damage 表示部分性的损坏，往往暗示只是价值等降低；destroy常指彻底地毁掉，常指很难修复；ruin多指彻底或逐渐地毁坏，还可用于美好经历或有用东西毁了，此时不能用damage和destroy。
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。
The fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了大楼。
My new dress is ruined. 我的新连衣裙全完了。（可用spoiled替换）
2. damage 和 ruin 还可用作名词，两者都是不可数名词。destroy的名词：destruction。
(be/lie) in ruins 成废墟； 毁坏；毁灭（ruins 则表示“废墟”、“遗迹”）
Everything has gone to ruin. 一切都毁了。
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
那次地震过后，全城到处是颓垣断壁。
The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对农作物造成了严重的危害。
rescue
【点拨】
1. rescue 可作动词和名词，意为“搭救，解救，救出”。
The rescue team reached the mines at once after the accident happened.
救援队事故发生后即刻就到了矿上。
He rescued the man from drowning. 他救了那个男子使之免遭溺毙。
2. 同义词：save 使用广泛，表示把处于危险中的人解救出来，若不细分，常可换用。
He dove into the river to save / rescue the drowning child.
他跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。
The doctor saved the child's life.
这位医生挽救了孩子的生命。
She needs to win the next two games to save the match.
她需要赢得接下去的两场比赛来挽回比赛。
另外：save还表示“节省”，“储蓄”，“免去”等意思。
trap和bury
【点拨】
此2词常考点是其引申义及被动形式。
1. trap 用作及物动词，意为“使陷入困境，设陷阱”，常用短语：be trapped in 被困在
They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在燃烧着的旅馆。
It took the rescuers 30 minutes to remove the trapped baby elephant.
救援者用了30分钟移开了被困住的小象。
The locals were encouraged to trap and kill the birds.
当地居民过去被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这种鸟。
2. bury是及物动词，表示“埋葬，掩藏”，引申为“使沉浸，使专心”。
常用短语：be buried in 专心于(某事)，陷入，沉浸于
The old poet buried himself in the countryside．老诗人隐居在乡间。
Don’t just bury your head in the sand. 不要回避现实。
He busied himself in the garden．他忙着在花园里干活。
He was so deeply buried in thought in the bus that he missed the stop where he should have gotten off. 在公共汽车上他陷入了沉思,竟然错过了应该下车的车站。
shock和frighten
【点拨】
1. shock vt.& vi. 使震惊，使惊愕，使触电
n. 打击；震惊
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到邻居那样对待孩子我很惊愕。
They were shocked by her rudeness.
他们对她的无礼感到震惊。
2. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬
The dog tried to frighten us, but it failed. 这条狗想吓唬我们，但是失败了。
The children's shouts frightened the birds off. 孩子们的喊声把鸟儿吓飞了。
3. 此二词的现在分词表示事物性质，过去分词表示人的感觉。
1）be shocked at/by… 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 很吃惊地……
I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她的死讯十分震惊。
It is shocking that they involved children in the crime.
他们让孩子参与犯罪，太让人震惊了。
2）be frightened + of... 害怕……
be frightened + at... 看到……感到惊恐
On seeing the frightening scene, the little girl was so frightened that she burst out crying.
一看到这可怕的情景，小女孩如此害怕，大哭起来。
When he saw the bear in the forest he was frightened to death.
当他在森林里看见熊时，他被吓坏了。
congratulation
【点拨】
1. congratulation表示“祝贺”，常用复数形式。
He sent her a letter of congratulation on her passing the exam.
他给她寄去了贺信，祝贺她通过了考试。
Let’s visit Jerry to give our congratulations to him on his success.
我们去看杰瑞祝贺他成功吧。
2. congratulations常用于口语中表示当面对某人表示祝贺。
— I’ve passed my driving test. 我驾照考试过了。
— Oh, really? Congratulations! 真的吗？祝贺你。
3. congratulate 动词，表示“祝贺”。
We went to congratulate him on his winning first place in the 100-metre dash.
我们去祝贺他获得百米赛跑第一名。
judge
【点拨】
1. judge v. 断定；判断；判决；n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
2. judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断?
judge between right and wrong 判断是非?
judging by/ from从……上看；根据……判断?
Don’t judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人；
We judge that he is the best candidate.?
我们认为他是最佳人选。?
The judge demanded silence in the courtroom.
法官要求法庭上要安静。
Judging from the look of the sky, it may clear up.
由天色看来，可能会放晴。
3. judgement n. 判断；审判；意见；判断力?
quality
【点拨】
1. quality n.质量；品质；性质 be of … quality 有……的品质
adj. 优质的，高质量的
Much of the land was of poor quality.?
这块地大部分土质贫瘠。?
She had many good qualities although she is a little rude.?
她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。
2. qualify v. 使具有资格
形似词：quantity n. 数量
devote
【点拨】
1. devote vt. 献身；专心于
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚
2. devote oneself to献身；致力；专心?
devote...to... 把……用于……?
be devoted to 深爱；致力于
He devoted himself to his career.?
他献身于自己的事业。?
Please devote more time to your work.?
请你把更多的时间用于工作。
He is such a devoted football fan that he travels with his team this season.
他是一个那么忠实的足球迷，他这个赛季与所支持的球队一起旅行。
Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.
她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
fee
【点拨】
1. fee (n.) 指医生、律师或其它专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等。
The doctor charged me a fee. 医生向我收了诊疗费。
My lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars. 我的律师的佣金是每小时130美元。
2. 同义词：charge, fare, cost
1）charge (n.) 表示“原价、要价”，常用复数，主要用于一次性劳务所收取的费用，如服务费、行李超重费、旅馆费等等。
The charge to repair the shoes is ten dollars. 补一双鞋要十元。
What are the charges in the hotel? 这家旅馆收费多少？
The bill listed the charges for all services. 这帐单列出了所有的服务费。
2）fare (n.) 指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用。
All fares, please. （公共汽车售票员用语）请买票。
Mary and I took a taxi to home from the party and split the fare.
玛丽和我一起从晚会上乘出租车回家，车费平摊。
3）cost: n. 费用;成本[C]；代价;损失[U][C]
We must reduce the production cost. 我们必须降低生产成本。
He saved the girl’s life at the cost of his own. 他牺牲自己的生命救了那个姑娘。
equal
【点拨】
1. equal v.等于，抵得上
adj.相等的，胜任的
n. 同等的人，相等物
2. A equals B A等于B?
A is equal to B A等于B?
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任某事/做某事?
be equal with 与……相等?
Three plus two equals five. =Three plus two is equal to five.?
3加2等于5。
A metre equals 39.38 inches.?
1米等于39.38英寸。?
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.?
这个班男女生人数相等。?
She treats the people who work for her as her equals.?
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
escape
【点拨】
1. escape vi. 逃跑，逃避；vt. 避开，避免；n. 逃走，逃脱的手段
2. escape from sth./sb. 从……中逃脱/走；泄露
escape (doing) sth. 逃避（做）某事
a narrow/near escape死里逃生
The bird has escaped from its cage.
小鸟已经从笼子逃掉了。
Is the gas escaping somewhere?
是不是有地方漏气？
There is no way to escape doing the work.
没有办法逃脱做这项工作。
Nothing escaped his attention.
任何东西逃不过他的注意力。
The matter has quite escaped my memory.
这件事我完全记不得了。
think little of
【点拨】
1. think of 表示“考虑，认为，想到，想出”等意思，其中“认为”的含义加上程度副词后可以表示对人和事物的评价。如：
think little (poorly) of 认为不好，对……不在意，不赞成
think highly (well ) of 赞赏，重视
think much of 对……评价很高
think nothing of 轻视,觉得不怎么样
think better of 重新考虑，改变想法，认为比以前好了
2. He thought little of my suggestion
他不重视我的建议。
I thought little of the future.
我很少想到前途。
We speak highly of his latest picture.
我们对他的最新作品评价很高。
He was highly thought of by the manager.
经理对他非常赞赏。
3. 类似短语：
sing high praise for 对……评价很高
speak highly of 对……评价很高
have a high opinion of 对……评价很高
as if
【点拨】
1. as if /as though，表示“好像”。引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
He looked as if / as though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。
I remember the whole thing as if / as though it happened yesterday.
我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天一样。
2. 当说话人认为所说的是不真实的或极少有可能发生的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。
（用were表示与现在事实相反）
3. as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、 形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。
He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。
The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
贾森不时地转过身来，好像在找人。
at an end
【点拨】
1. end可以是名词或动词，表示“结果，终止、终端”等。
2. 注意带end的短语的细微区别：
1）at an end 结束（介词短语，不能直接做谓语）
come to an end 结束（动词短语，不及物的用法，主语应该是要结束的事情）
bring sth. to an end（使）结束；终止
put an end to 使结束
（动词短语，及物用法，主语多是使……结束的人或事物）
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.
我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。
The meeting didn't come to an end until midnight.
会议直到午夜才结束。
The battle finally brought the war to an end.
这一战役使这场战争终告结束。
Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.
她的突然来到使他们的会议终止了。
2）at the end of 在……尽头；末端（注意定冠词the）
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止
in the end 最后，结果
a (great) number of
【点拨】
1. a number of 若干的，一些的；a (great) number of 大量的；a (small) number of 少量的
这些短语接可数名词复数形式。
A small number of students attended the meeting.
少数学生出席了会议。
A number of my friends think I should take a holiday.
我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。
A great number of people can get injured or even killed in the earthquake.
许多人可能会在地震中受伤甚至遇害。
2. 注意区分：the number of ... ……的数量（谓语用单数）
The number of students is about twenty.
学生人数大约是20人左右。
The number of books missing from the library is very large.
图书馆遗失的图书数量很大。
all ... not
【点拨】
1. all，both，every，everyone，always等词与not连用，无论not在句首或句中，都是部分否定。
Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
You can tell a child what to do, but he won’t always obey.
你可以告诉一个孩子做什么，但是他不会总听从的。
2. 表示全部否定时用none，neither，nobody，nothing，never等。
We never trust them at all. 我们从来都没有信任他们。
I know nothing about her. 他的情况我一无所知。
He hasn't paid any of the money.
这笔钱他分文未付。
No birds can play chess.
没有一只鸟会下棋。
Neither of the books is published in England.
我不同意所有这些方案。
分数
【点拨】
1. 分数的构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数。连字符（-）可有可无。
1/10 one-tenth 1/100 one-hundredth
1/2 a（one）half 1/3 one third
3/4 three fourths 7/12 seven-twelfths
3/4 three quarters 一又四分之一 one and a fourth
2. 分数修饰或代替名词作主语时，谓语的形式：
名词是1）不可数名词时，谓语用单数；
2）可数名词复数时，谓语用复数；
3）可数名词单数时，谓语用单数。
Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen．
氧气只占空气的1／5。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting．
大约2／3的学生都参加了会议。
3. 类似用法：百分数
The price of food was reduced by ten percent.
食品的价格下降了10％。
Over sixty percent of the doctors were women.
超过百分之六十的医生是女性。
out of work
1. 记忆小窍门：
out of常表示“不在……状态”，反义词是in。
out of work 失业 in work 就业，在职
out of control 失去控制 in control 处于控制中
out of sight 看不见 in sight 在视野之内
out of danger 脱离危险 in danger 处于危险中
out of order 出故障 in order 按次序的
out of the reach 够不着 within the reach 够得到
2. 30 families are suffering because they’re out of work.
有30户人家因为失业而正在经受煎熬。
The number of people out of work reached 300.
失业人数达到了300人。
Because the lift was out of order，we had to walk up the stairs．
由于电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。
The car went out of control and crashed over the cliff.
汽车失去了控制, 掉下了悬崖。
blow up
【点拨】
blow up 炸毁，爆炸；突然发怒；夸大，放大
He was sentenced to 45 years in prison for trying to blow up a plane.
他因为企图炸毁一架飞机而被判入狱45年。
A chemical factory blew up in the city yesterday．
昨天，这个城里的一家化工厂发生了爆炸。
The enemy blew up all the bridges in this area．
敌人炸毁了这个地区所有的桥梁。
Don't blow this thing up more than necessary.
别过分夸大这件事。
【拓展】blow当作动词讲时，表示“吹”或“吹风”。
The wind blew all night.
风刮了一整夜。
A breeze blew the smoke into the room.
一阵微风把烟吹进房间。
come to power
【点拨】
1. come to power = come into power 执政（动作）
in power 当权，执政（状态）
Things have changed a lot since he came to power.
自从他执政以来，情况变化了很多。
How long has he been in power?
他执政多长时间了？
2. power 力量，政权，权力；能量；电力
She lost her power of speech.
她失去了说话的能力。
nuclear /wind /solar power 核/风/太阳能
a power failure 停电
build, set up, put up和found
【点拨】
1. build指施工建筑，如房屋、桥梁、道路等的建造，用法广泛。
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。
2. found 意为“创立、成立、创办”，常指创立一个组织、机构、国家、理论等。
They founded a school for the blind. 他们创办了一亿盲人学校。
His theory is founded on facts.他的理论建立在事实的基础上。
3. put up 和set up含义很多，但在表示“搭起、竖起、挂起”以及表建筑物“建起”的意思时，可以通用。只不过put up 比set up 要常见些。
The boys put up /set up their tents in the woods.
孩子们在树林里搭起了帐篷。
4. set up 在表示“建起、成立”某一机构团体时，不能用put up 替换，着重表示“开始，草创”。
The factory set up a night school last month.
这个工厂上月成立了一所夜校。
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
only引起的倒装
【点拨】
1. only修饰的状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构：把助动词、情态动词、be放到主语前。
Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只有每天练几个小时你就能够精通英语。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong．
只有那时我才意识到我错了。
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
只有用这种方式你才能解决问题。
Only when he came back did we know the secret．（注意倒装的是主句）
只有他回来时，我们才知道了这个秘密。
2. 注意：并不是only位于句首，就要倒装。“Only＋主语”在句首时，不需倒装。
Only the manager knows the answer. 只有经理知道答案。
重点语法
定语从句（1）
1. 定语从句的作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词的从句。
2. 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词：关系代词和关系副词。
3. 关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；
关系副词有where，when，why等。
4. 关系词常有3个作用：
1）引导定语从句；2）代替先行词；3）在定语从句中担当一个成分
5. 定语从句做题技巧：把先行词放在定语从句中判断作什么成分-----
1）作主/宾语，用that, which, who (主), whom (宾)。
2）作定语，用whose（表示“先行词的”）。
3）作状语（在先行词前加“在……”或“因为”），用when（时间），where（地点），why（原因）。
6. 特殊情况：只用that不用which。
试一试：
1. October 1, 1949 is the day ___________we will never forget.
2. Is this the shop ___________ sells children’s clothing?
3. I will work in the factory ___________ make toys.
4. Have you been to the factory _______________ he worked ten years ago.
5. I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.
6. A football fan is a person _____ has a strong interest in football.
7. I found the museum ______________ I visited ten years ago.
8. This is the reason _______________ he was late.
9. Tell me the reason ________ he gave.
10. Go along the street until you reach the house __________ roof is red.
答案与解析：
1. that / which。忘不了的是“the day”，the day在从句中作forget的宾语，所以用that/which，可以省略。
2. which / that。先行词the shop在定语从句中作主语——商店卖东西，用which / that，不可省。
3. which / that。先行词the factory在从句中作make的主语，用which / that，不可省。
4. where / in which。先行词在从句中加上“在”后作地点状语，即“在工厂工作”，因此用where / in which。
5. when / in which。先行词the days在定语从句中作时间状语，即“在那些天里我们一起工作”。
6. who/ that。先行词在从句中作has的主语，且是人，所以填who或that，不能省略。
7. which/that。visit是及物动词，the museum在从句中作visited的宾语，所以填which/that，可省略。
8. why / for which。the reason加上“因为”在定语从句中作原因状语，即for the reason，所以填why或for which。
9. that / which。the reason在从句中作gave的宾语，即“给出原因”，所以填that/which，可以省略。
10. whose。先行词加上“的”在从句中修饰roof，表示“房子的”，用whose引导定语从句。
综合运用
用定语从句让作文更好
I. 找出定语从句。
定语从句是用一个句子作定语修饰另一个句子中的名词，用定语从句可以使作文的表达更准确，也使作文更富有层次和色彩，避免单词重复和句式单一。所以，用心学好定语从句，并在书面表达中尝试使用，是提高自己的书面表达能力好方法之一。
下面句子都是Unit 4-5的Reading中的，找出其中的定语从句。
1. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals.
2. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
3. Then, later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
4. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5. However, this was a time when one had got to have passbook to live in Johannesburg.
6. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
答案与解析：
1. A huge crack that was eight kilometers ...
2. The number of people who were killed...
3. ... another big quake which was almost as strong...
4. ... survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5. ... this was a time when one had got to have...
6. ... the towns where they were sent to live ...
II. 写出定语从句
我们写作文时，有两种可能性，一种是写出了简单句，希望写出带有定语从句的句子；一种是想出来的句子就带有定语从句。下面我们通过两个练习来学习如何写带有定语从句的句子。
用定语从句合并句子。
1. 确定先行词：将两个信息点各自成句，再找两句中共同的名词或代词，将其定为先行词。
2. 确定主句：根据文章所描述的主题来确定较重要的信息为主句。
3. 然后确定关系词：根据先行词是指人还是物以及先行词在从句充当的句子成分来确定关系词。
4. 当一个信息的整体是另一个信息的主语或宾语时，可译为“这，那”时，用which指代。
试一试：
1. The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I would choose to attend the English lectures. The lectures are about the British and American cultures.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. He went to America in 1912. He was noticed by an important film director in America in1912.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Guilin is a city in the south. It has a history of 2,000 years.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. He is popular in our class. He is willing to help others.
The reason why ______________________________ is that _________________________.
答案与解析：
1. The boy whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.
方法解析：the boy是共同的名词，是先行词；第二个句子是修饰the boy的，是定语从句， the boy在定语从句中作定语，用关系词whose。
2. I would choose to attend the English lectures that/which are about the British and American cultures.
方法解析：共同名词是the lectures，是先行词；第二个句子是说明选择什么样子的lectures的，是定语从句；the lectures在从句中作主语，是事物，用that/which连接。
3. He went to America in 1912, when he was noticed by an important film director there.
He went to America in 1912, where he was noticed by an important film director then.
方法解析：共同的名词有时间1912和地点America，所以可以改成when或where两种定语从句，为了避免重复，用there代替in America，或者用then代替in 1912。
4. Guilin is a city in the south which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
5. The reason why he is popular in our class is that he is willing to help others.
方法解析：第二个句子是第一个句子的原因，可以换成why（表示“因为这个原因”，相当于for which）引导的定语从句。
用定语从句翻译句子
句子中“……的”后面的名词一般是先行词，前面的是定语，如果定语是一个句子或者动词短语的话，一般可以写出定语从句。
1. 不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. 她上周买的房子非常好。
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. 我上了两年学的那家学校在三公里以外。
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. 头发是黄色的那个男孩是我的一个朋友.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. Nelson Mandela帮助我的日子是我最幸福的日子之一。
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：
1. The students who/that don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
方法解析：先行词是人（学生），“不努力学习”是定语，其主语是先行词“学生”，即连接词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，可以用who或that引导。
2. The house (which/that) she bought last week is very nice.
方法解析：先行词是物（房子），“她上周买”是定语从句，先行词是“买”的宾语，所以用that/which引导定语从句，可以省略。
3. The school where I studied for two years was three kilometers away.
方法解析：先行词是“学校”，定语从句是“我上了两年学”，先行词放入定语从句中，应该是“在学校”，是地点，所以用where引导从句。
4. The boy whose hair is yellow is one of my friends.
方法解析：先行词是“男孩”，定语从句是“头发是黄色”，先行词放入定语从句中，是“男孩的头发是黄色”，表示“先行词的”，用whose引导从句。
5. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
方法解析：先行词是“日子”，定语从句是“Nelson Mandela帮助我”，先行词放入定语从句中，应是“在那个日子里”，是时间，用when引导从句。
巩固练习
I. 根据所给的汉语提示或首字母填空。
1. It was a ___________ (恐惧的) night because of the terrible earthquake.
2._____________ (祝贺) on your success. We are all proud of you.
3. I saw many ____________ (受惊的) cows rush up the street.
4. The newly-built house was completely ___________ (摧毁) by the big fire.
5. The policeman tried his best to ____________the boy who fell into the river.
6. Two–thirds of the people died or ___________ (受伤) in the earthquake.
7. They _______ (奖励) the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.
8. The public pay more attention to the __________ (质量) of milk after the tainted (腐败的) milk case.
9. Most children in cities are better e________ than those in the countryside.
10. A s_________ person always thinks about himself.
11. Whatever happens, we will not use v_________. We should settle things in a peaceful way.
12. Women are fighting for e_______ pay with the men because they do the same job.
II. 完成句子。
1. 那个城市发生了可怕的地震，几分钟内整个城市夷为平地。
A terrible earthquake _______ the city and in a few seconds the whole city _____ _____ ____.
2. 气球爆裂后，小男孩放声大哭起来。
When the balloon _____, the little boy _____ ______ crying/ _____ _____ tears.
3. 过量饮酒毁了他的健康。
Much drinking ______ ______ ______.
4. 在上海地铁追尾事故中总共有271人受伤。
A total of 271 people ____ ______ in Shanghai’s subway crash.
5. 自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。
Ever since he moved there, he ___ ____ ______ __his research work.
6. 他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。?
The news of his wife’s death was _____ ______ ______ ______ him.
7. 从他脸上高兴的样子判断，他这次一定通过了考试。
______ his happy look on the face, he must have passed the exam this time.
8. 质量差的商品很难卖出。
_______ _______ ______ ______ won’t sell easily.
9. 他必须正视失业这一现实。
He must face the reality of _____ ______ ______ _______.
10. 他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。
When he _______ _______ _______, he broke his promise of reducing taxes.
11. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
Only when he is seriously ill _____ ______ ______ in bed.
12. 居里夫人致力于科学，是一位伟大的女子。
Madame Curie, ______ ________ ________, was a great woman.
13. 事实上，我把那位女子的名字写在了什么地方。
_____ _____ ______ ____ ______,I have the woman’s name written down somewhere.
14. 为了纪念为国家牺牲生命的英雄，建立了一座纪念碑。
A monument was ____ ____ in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives for the country.
15. 那个足球对没有赢得一场比赛，他们都很灰心。
That football team had won no games and they all ________ _______.
III. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. The next morning people put up shelters ____ the open air ______ all kinds of things which they can find.
2. We invite you to bring your family and friends ______ that special day.
3. The city Tang Shan is well known ______ the “Brave City of China”. We are all proud _____ it.
4. Thank you so much ______ helping me ________ my spoken English.
5. The whole city laid _______ ruins after the bombing. The number of the injured and dead reached ________ 40000.
6._______ the north of the city, most of the 10000 miners were rescued _______ the coal mines.
7. It seemed that the whole world was _______an end.
8. Two –thirds of the people died or were injured _______the earthquake. Many children were left ________parents.
9. People went to bed _______ usual. They thought little ________ these events.
10. Nothing can stop the soldiers ________ rescuing the people trapped ________ the ruins.
11. ______ a reward ______ his contribution to botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named after him.
12. The Red Army soldiers had to fight _______ all kinds of difficulties in their fight _______ the people’s freedom.
13. Are men equal _______ women in physical strength?
14. The young man was sentenced _______ death for murder.
15. Only then did we decide to answer violence _______ violence.
IV. 语法填空。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
My name is Mahnaz Bibi and I’m from a village of Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. We used to live (1) ________ happy and comfortable life. I had my husband Mukhtar Ali and a son Mushahid Ali. Mushahid was the whole world for me.
On October 8, after feeding Mushahid I came out of my house to do some work outside. I (2) ________ (work) when the earth started shaking. I had never felt this kind of earthquake before, which made me quite (3) ________ (frighten). When I came to my senses I ran back to my house to save my son, (4) ________ was sleeping in the room. There was nothing (5) ________ the debris (残骸) of my house. I started crying (6) ________ (loud) and asked the neighbors (7) ________ (help) search for my son. Some villagers came to his (8) ________, but after hours of hard work, I lost my whole world. We buried him on the 9th of October and the area suffered (9) ________ heavy rain for the whole night.
A few days later we left our village, because there was nothing (10) ________ was left for us. We traveled a long distance over the mountains. In the end, we reached Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and got shelter in the Ajaz Gillani Relief Tent Village.
V. 完形填空
I took time off work to spend with my daughter before Christmas. I wanted to take advantage of the ___1___ to teach her about the spirit of Christmas—love for all people is what the season is about, not merely ___2___. But one unplanned incident showed this spirit more than I could have ___3___.
I was already running late after ___4___ in the supermarket. Zipping down to the main road, I noticed a pile of mail in front. I quickly realized that they must have ___5___ off a postal service vehicle.
Despite my teaching of love to my child, I had a ___6___ time fighting against my selfishness. But then other thoughts ___7___ through my mind: There could be ___8___ to grannies from their grandchildren, or undelivered bills that will be overdue.
I ___9___ my six-year-old daughter and asked, “Should we stop and pick them up?”
“Of course!” She answered without hesitation. To her, it was a perfectly ___10___ thing. So I pulled over.
Cars were ___11___. Many letters were carried into the ___12___ and rolling down the road. I, with my daughter, began ___13___ the letters. A moment later, two other cars pulled over and their drivers ___14___ us. They stopped their cars on each ___15___ of the main road, stopping the traffic in all directions until the letters were all ___16___.
Just then, a relieved and very ___17___ young postman pulled up on his motorbike. I looked up at those ___18___ hands and we all smiled. Without speaking, we knew we had done something ___19___ that day. But the most important lesson I learnt was from my daughter. Her pure heart taught me more about the ___2___ of Christmas than I could ever teach her.
1. A. condition B. experience C. activity D. opportunity
2. A. foods B. presents C. donations D. drinks
3. A. imagined B. accepted C. decided D. understood
4. A. working B. playing C. shopping D. chatting
5. A. sent B. fallen C. gone D. taken
6. A. good B. sad C. long D. hard
7. A. flashed B. got C. looked D. went
8. A. clothes B. money C. letters D. books
9. A. called for B. looked at C. went to D. came across
10. A. lucky B. delighted C. interesting D. natural
11. A. racing by B. slowing down C. whistling loudly D. coming near
12. A. water B. dustbin C. dirt D. air
13. A. looking through B. picking up C. clearing up D. running after
14. A. approached B. stopped C. joined D. praised
15. A. line B. branch C. side D. end
16. A. collected B. gone C. caught D. returned
17. A. polite B. grateful C. careless D. helpful
18. A. injured B. busy C. helping D. proud
19. A. successful B. attractive C. special D. strange
20. A. joy B. soul C. duty D. spirit
VI. 阅读理解
Not only was it a imaginary pregnancy (怀孕), but zookeepers suspect the panda, Ai Hin, may have been pretending it to improve her quality of life, the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding told Xinhua on Monday.
Ai Hin, aged 6, had shown signs of pregnancy, including a change in appetite (食欲), moving less and an increase in progestational hormone (孕激素) in July, according to Xinhua.
But after almost two months, she began acting normally again, zookeepers said.
Experts say pandas sometimes carry on the behaviors associated with early pregnancy after noticing that they get good treatment, the news agency reported.
“After showing prenatal (产前的) signs, the ‘mothers-to-be’ are moved into single rooms with air conditioning and around-the-clock care, ” said Wu Kongju, an expert at the Chengdu base.
“They also receive more buns, fruits and bamboos, so some clever pandas have used this to their advantage to improve their quality of life. ”
Even if a pregnancy proves genuine, baby pandas have very low survival rates. According to the Chengdu base, only a third to a half of pandas born in Chinese manage to survive past infancy.
There was good news last month, though, when a panda gave birth to a healthy set of triplets (三胞胎)in China’s Chimelong Safari Park in the southern city of Guangzhou. The cubs (幼崽) are thought to be the only living panda triplets in the world.
As few as 1, 600 giant pandas survive in the mountain forests of central China, according to the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoo in Washington. More than 300 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world, most of them in China.
1. Ai Hin, had shown signs of pregnancy EXCEPT ________.
A. a change in appetite B. moving less
C. an increase in progestational hormone D. acting normally
2. Why did some pandas pretend pregnancy?
A. They want to improve their quality of life.
B. They want people to pay attention to them.
C. They want people to set them free.
D. They want to act normally.
3. According to the passage, which statement is TRUE?
A. The survival rates of baby pandas are low.
B. The cubs are thought to be one of living panda triplets in the world.
C. A healthy set of triplets were born in the Chengdu base.
D. 1, 600 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world.
4. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. A panda named Ai Hin.
B. Pandas may have pretended pregnancy for better quality of life.
C. The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
D. Pandas are dying out.
VII. 用定语从句改写下面小作文。
(1) Our class is a big family; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.
(2) I see many running creatures. They are made of metal and glass. Their feet are round. They have four eyes. Two of the four eyes are red. Inside I see soft shapes. They can move. (Cars)
VIII. 翻译句子。
1. 这就是我刚换了CPU的那台电脑。
2. 我昨天晚上看的那部电影很感人。
3. 坐落（stand）在河边的那座建筑是我们的学校。
4. 王先生是最关心（care about）我的老师。
5. 每年来这个城市游览的人数达到了一百万。
6. 这部电影为我们展示了一个世界，在那里我们面临（face）着各种各样的灾难。
7. 见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
8. 他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
答案与解析
I. 根据所给的汉语提示或首字母填空。
1.frightening 2.Congratulations 3. frightened 4. destroyed 5. rescue/ save
6. injured 7. rewarded 8. quality 9. educated 10. selfish 11. violence 12. equal
II. 完成句子。
1. hit; lay in ruins 2. burst; burst out/ burst into 3. ruined his health 4. were injured
5. has been buried in 6. a terrible shock to 7. Judging from 8. Goods of poor quality
9. being out of work 10. came to/into power 11. will he stay
12. (who was) devoted to science 13. As a matter of fact 14. set up/ put up 15. lost heart
III. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. in; with 2. on 3. as; of 4. for; with 5. in; over 6. To; from
7. at 8. during; without 9. as; of 10. from; in 11. As; for 12. against; for
13. to 14. to 15. with
IV. 语法填空。
1. a 2. was working 3. frightened 4. who 5. but
6. loudly 7. to help 8. rescue 9. from 10. that
V. 完形填空
文章大意：在圣诞节作者想教会孩子节日的真谛——爱，然而孩子单纯、善良的心灵反过来让作者受益颇多。
1. D。词语辨析题。句意：我想利用这个机会教给她圣诞节的真谛。opportunity机会; condition条件, 状况; experience经历; activity活动。
2. B。背景常识题。圣诞节往往是一个收到礼物的节日。
3. A。逻辑推理题。句意: 一件计划之外的事情超乎我的想象, 更加体现了这一真谛。
4. C。背景常识题。结合在超市可知是在购物。
5. B。词语辨析题。fall off掉落, 跌落; send off寄出, 派遣; go off响起; take off (飞机)起飞。结合句意“……它们一定是从一个邮寄服务车上掉落下来的”可知选B。
6. D。逻辑推理题。尽管要教给孩子关爱, 我费了很大劲反抗我的自私。have a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事很困难。
7. A。词语辨析题。flash (思想、感情等) 突发, 闪现。
8. C。词汇复现题。由上文的mail及下文的bills可知。
9. B。词语辨析题。look at看着; call for需要; go to走去; come across偶遇。
10. D。背景常识题。句意: 对她来说那是极自然的事情。
11. A。背景常识题。汽车驶过信件才被空气吹动。race by车驶过; slow down慢下来; whistle loudly大声鸣笛; come near靠近。
12. D。背景常识题。be carried into the air被带到空中。
13. B。词语辨析题。pick up捡起, 拾起; look through浏览; clear up清扫; run after追赶。结合上文可知, 信件飞落到路边, 我和女儿把它们捡起来。
14. C。逻辑推理题。由They stopped their cars on each _____ of the main road, 可知他们加入到我们中。
15. D。逻辑推理题。由stopping the traffic in all directions（阻断各个方向的交通）可知他们把车停放在了道路的两端, 即末端, 故用end。
16. A。词语辨析题。句意: 直到信件全被收集起来。be collected被收集; be gone不见; be caught被抓住; return返回。
17. B。背景常识题。别人帮他收集齐了丢失的信件, 邮递员应心怀感激。grateful感激的。
18. C。固定搭配题。句意: 我抬头看那些帮手, 我们都笑了。helping hands帮手。
19. C。逻辑推理题。句意: 不用说我们都知道那天我们做了一件特殊的事情。
20. D。词汇复现题。由首段中teach her about the spirit of Christmas, 可知D项正确。
VI. 阅读理解
文章大意：本文介绍了大熊猫有时候为了能改善自己的生活而假装怀孕的趣事。
1. D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可排除A、B、C。故选D。
2. A。细节理解题。根据文章第六段advantage to improve their quality of life可知A为正确选项。
3. A。细节理解题。根据文章第七段have very low survival rates可知A正确。
4. B。主旨大意题。根据文章可知本文主要介绍了大熊 猫为改善生活假装怀孕的趣事。
VII. 用定语从句改写下面小作文。
(1) Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is a good boy whom we all like.
(2) I see many running creatures which / that are made of metal and glass. Their feet are round and they have four eyes, two of which are red. Inside I see soft shapes that can move. (Cars)
VIII. 翻译句子。
1. This is the computer whose CPU I have just changed.
2. The film which/that I saw last night was very moving.
3. The building which stands near the river is our school.
4. Mr. Wang is the teacher that cares about me most.
5. The number of people who came to visit this city each year reached one million.
6. The film shows us a world where we face various disasters.
7. The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
8. He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.
学习目标
说明：重点单词在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示。
重点词句
Unit 4: burst, million, event, injure, destroy，damage和ruin, rescue, trap和bury, shock和frighten, congratulation, judge
Unit 5:quality, devote, fee, equal, escape
Unit 4: think little of, as if, at an end, a (great) number of, all ... not, 分数
Unit 5: out of work, blow up, come to power, set up及同义短语, only引起的倒装
重点语法
定语从句（1）
综合运用
用定语从句让作文更好
重点词句
burst
【点拨】
1. burst既是名词也是动词，意为“爆炸；猛冲；爆发”。
2. 常考短语：
burst into 突然闯入，突然……起来
burst out 突然开始（后接v.-ing形式）；(战争、疾病等) 突然发生(＝break out)
burst into tears/laughter
对比：burst out crying/laughing（意思都是“突然哭/笑起来”，注意动词与介、副词的搭配）
burst in突然插嘴，打断谈话；突然来到
He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
The dam burst under the weight of water.
大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。
The sun burst through the clouds.
太阳破云而出。
The audience burst into cheers/burst out cheering. 观众爆发了一阵欢呼声。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
隔壁房间突然爆发出一阵笑声。
million
【点拨】
1. million表示不确定的约数时，常用复数，后加of；其前如具体数字修饰，要用单数形式。
2. 用法相同的词：常用的还有thousand，hundred，dozen，score。
tens of thousands of 数以万计的
hundreds of thousands of 数以十万计的
thousands of 数千计的
scores of 许多的
A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.
一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。
The sun was shining. Thousands of people were lying on the beach.
阳光灿烂，数以千计的人躺在海滩上。
About three hundred of them have left there. 他们当中约有300人离开了那儿。
He was prepared to pay two million. 他愿意支付200万。
event
【点拨】
1. event指“事件、大事”，也可以指“运动项目”。
The important event of the week was the big storm.
那一周中的大事就是那场大暴风雪。
Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children.
村里即将发生的大事，就是招待学校的孩子们和舞蹈表演。
Our team won the silver medal in this event.
我们队获得该项目的银牌。
2. event, matter, thing, business
此4词都可以译成“事情”，有时可能互换，但是还是各有侧重。
A. event通常指具有很大影响、意义大的事件或运动会的比赛项目。
Can you remember the events which happened in the 1990s?
你能想起20世纪90年代的那个事件？
B. matter 意思为“毛病”、“问题”，还指“要考虑、处理或者与……有关的事情”。
There's something the matter with my eyes. 我的眼睛出问题了。
Some people prefer the older version to the new one. It's a matter of taste.
有人喜欢老版本，不喜欢新版本，这是品味的问题。
C. thing 指“事情、事务、东西”，包括大事、小事、动作、事实、所说、所做，但一般不指专门的事务。
To say is one thing but to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。
Bring your swimming things. 带着你游泳要用的东西。
D. business表示“事情”，一般指“公事、正事、商业事务”，强调任务，职务等指派的工作。
He is away on business. 他在公出。
It's none of your business. 与你无关。
injure
【点拨】
1. injure是及物动词，意思是“（尤指事故中或在感情、自尊心上）伤害”。名词是injury。
2. 形容词injured表示“受伤的”，the injured 伤者，受伤的人。
3. 辨析injure，wound，hurt，harm
① hurt普通用语，多指伤痛。不及物时表示“疼”。
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。
He felt hurt at your words. 你的话使他很难过。
点拨:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
②injure指意外事故损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
Drinking can injure one's health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。
③harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，尤其是不良或不道德的事情。
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。
④wound 指枪、刀、刺伤等皮肉之伤，特别是战场上的受伤，也可指人们精神上的创伤。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。
destroy，damage和ruin
【点拨】
1. damage 表示部分性的损坏，往往暗示只是价值等降低；destroy常指彻底地毁掉，常指很难修复；ruin多指彻底或逐渐地毁坏，还可用于美好经历或有用东西毁了，此时不能用damage和destroy。
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。
The fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了大楼。
My new dress is ruined. 我的新连衣裙全完了。（可用spoiled替换）
2. damage 和 ruin 还可用作名词，两者都是不可数名词。destroy的名词：destruction。
(be/lie) in ruins 成废墟； 毁坏；毁灭（ruins 则表示“废墟”、“遗迹”）
Everything has gone to ruin. 一切都毁了。
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
那次地震过后，全城到处是颓垣断壁。
The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对农作物造成了严重的危害。
rescue
【点拨】
1. rescue 可作动词和名词，意为“搭救，解救，救出”。
The rescue team reached the mines at once after the accident happened.
救援队事故发生后即刻就到了矿上。
He rescued the man from drowning. 他救了那个男子使之免遭溺毙。
2. 同义词：save 使用广泛，表示把处于危险中的人解救出来，若不细分，常可换用。
He dove into the river to save / rescue the drowning child.
他跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。
The doctor saved the child's life.
这位医生挽救了孩子的生命。
She needs to win the next two games to save the match.
她需要赢得接下去的两场比赛来挽回比赛。
另外：save还表示“节省”，“储蓄”，“免去”等意思。
trap和bury
【点拨】
此2词常考点是其引申义及被动形式。
1. trap 用作及物动词，意为“使陷入困境，设陷阱”，常用短语：be trapped in 被困在
They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在燃烧着的旅馆。
It took the rescuers 30 minutes to remove the trapped baby elephant.
救援者用了30分钟移开了被困住的小象。
The locals were encouraged to trap and kill the birds.
当地居民过去被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这种鸟。
2. bury是及物动词，表示“埋葬，掩藏”，引申为“使沉浸，使专心”。
常用短语：be buried in 专心于(某事)，陷入，沉浸于
The old poet buried himself in the countryside．老诗人隐居在乡间。
Don’t just bury your head in the sand. 不要回避现实。
He busied himself in the garden．他忙着在花园里干活。
He was so deeply buried in thought in the bus that he missed the stop where he should have gotten off. 在公共汽车上他陷入了沉思,竟然错过了应该下车的车站。
shock和frighten
【点拨】
1. shock vt.& vi. 使震惊，使惊愕，使触电
n. 打击；震惊
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到邻居那样对待孩子我很惊愕。
They were shocked by her rudeness.
他们对她的无礼感到震惊。
2. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬
The dog tried to frighten us, but it failed. 这条狗想吓唬我们，但是失败了。
The children's shouts frightened the birds off. 孩子们的喊声把鸟儿吓飞了。
3. 此二词的现在分词表示事物性质，过去分词表示人的感觉。
1）be shocked at/by… 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 很吃惊地……
I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她的死讯十分震惊。
It is shocking that they involved children in the crime.
他们让孩子参与犯罪，太让人震惊了。
2）be frightened + of... 害怕……
be frightened + at... 看到……感到惊恐
On seeing the frightening scene, the little girl was so frightened that she burst out crying.
一看到这可怕的情景，小女孩如此害怕，大哭起来。
When he saw the bear in the forest he was frightened to death.
当他在森林里看见熊时，他被吓坏了。
congratulation
【点拨】
1. congratulation表示“祝贺”，常用复数形式。
He sent her a letter of congratulation on her passing the exam.
他给她寄去了贺信，祝贺她通过了考试。
Let’s visit Jerry to give our congratulations to him on his success.
我们去看杰瑞祝贺他成功吧。
2. congratulations常用于口语中表示当面对某人表示祝贺。
— I’ve passed my driving test. 我驾照考试过了。
— Oh, really? Congratulations! 真的吗？祝贺你。
3. congratulate 动词，表示“祝贺”。
We went to congratulate him on his winning first place in the 100-metre dash.
我们去祝贺他获得百米赛跑第一名。
judge
【点拨】
1. judge v. 断定；判断；判决；n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
2. judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断?
judge between right and wrong 判断是非?
judging by/ from从……上看；根据……判断?
Don’t judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人；
We judge that he is the best candidate.?
我们认为他是最佳人选。?
The judge demanded silence in the courtroom.
法官要求法庭上要安静。
Judging from the look of the sky, it may clear up.
由天色看来，可能会放晴。
3. judgement n. 判断；审判；意见；判断力?
quality
【点拨】
1. quality n.质量；品质；性质 be of … quality 有……的品质
adj. 优质的，高质量的
Much of the land was of poor quality.?
这块地大部分土质贫瘠。?
She had many good qualities although she is a little rude.?
她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。
2. qualify v. 使具有资格
形似词：quantity n. 数量
devote
【点拨】
1. devote vt. 献身；专心于
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚
2. devote oneself to献身；致力；专心?
devote...to... 把……用于……?
be devoted to 深爱；致力于
He devoted himself to his career.?
他献身于自己的事业。?
Please devote more time to your work.?
请你把更多的时间用于工作。
He is such a devoted football fan that he travels with his team this season.
他是一个那么忠实的足球迷，他这个赛季与所支持的球队一起旅行。
Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.
她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
fee
【点拨】
1. fee (n.) 指医生、律师或其它专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等。
The doctor charged me a fee. 医生向我收了诊疗费。
My lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars. 我的律师的佣金是每小时130美元。
2. 同义词：charge, fare, cost
1）charge (n.) 表示“原价、要价”，常用复数，主要用于一次性劳务所收取的费用，如服务费、行李超重费、旅馆费等等。
The charge to repair the shoes is ten dollars. 补一双鞋要十元。
What are the charges in the hotel? 这家旅馆收费多少？
The bill listed the charges for all services. 这帐单列出了所有的服务费。
2）fare (n.) 指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用。
All fares, please. （公共汽车售票员用语）请买票。
Mary and I took a taxi to home from the party and split the fare.
玛丽和我一起从晚会上乘出租车回家，车费平摊。
3）cost: n. 费用;成本[C]；代价;损失[U][C]
We must reduce the production cost. 我们必须降低生产成本。
He saved the girl’s life at the cost of his own. 他牺牲自己的生命救了那个姑娘。
equal
【点拨】
1. equal v.等于，抵得上
adj.相等的，胜任的
n. 同等的人，相等物
2. A equals B A等于B?
A is equal to B A等于B?
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任某事/做某事?
be equal with 与……相等?
Three plus two equals five. =Three plus two is equal to five.?
3加2等于5。
A metre equals 39.38 inches.?
1米等于39.38英寸。?
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.?
这个班男女生人数相等。?
She treats the people who work for her as her equals.?
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
escape
【点拨】
1. escape vi. 逃跑，逃避；vt. 避开，避免；n. 逃走，逃脱的手段
2. escape from sth./sb. 从……中逃脱/走；泄露
escape (doing) sth. 逃避（做）某事
a narrow/near escape死里逃生
The bird has escaped from its cage.
小鸟已经从笼子逃掉了。
Is the gas escaping somewhere?
是不是有地方漏气？
There is no way to escape doing the work.
没有办法逃脱做这项工作。
Nothing escaped his attention.
任何东西逃不过他的注意力。
The matter has quite escaped my memory.
这件事我完全记不得了。
think little of
【点拨】
1. think of 表示“考虑，认为，想到，想出”等意思，其中“认为”的含义加上程度副词后可以表示对人和事物的评价。如：
think little (poorly) of 认为不好，对……不在意，不赞成
think highly (well ) of 赞赏，重视
think much of 对……评价很高
think nothing of 轻视,觉得不怎么样
think better of 重新考虑，改变想法，认为比以前好了
2. He thought little of my suggestion
他不重视我的建议。
I thought little of the future.
我很少想到前途。
We speak highly of his latest picture.
我们对他的最新作品评价很高。
He was highly thought of by the manager.
经理对他非常赞赏。
3. 类似短语：
sing high praise for 对……评价很高
speak highly of 对……评价很高
have a high opinion of 对……评价很高
as if
【点拨】
1. as if /as though，表示“好像”。引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
He looked as if / as though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。
I remember the whole thing as if / as though it happened yesterday.
我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天一样。
2. 当说话人认为所说的是不真实的或极少有可能发生的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。
（用were表示与现在事实相反）
3. as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、 形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。
He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。
The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
贾森不时地转过身来，好像在找人。
at an end
【点拨】
1. end可以是名词或动词，表示“结果，终止、终端”等。
2. 注意带end的短语的细微区别：
1）at an end 结束（介词短语，不能直接做谓语）
come to an end 结束（动词短语，不及物的用法，主语应该是要结束的事情）
bring sth. to an end（使）结束；终止
put an end to 使结束
（动词短语，及物用法，主语多是使……结束的人或事物）
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.
我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。
The meeting didn't come to an end until midnight.
会议直到午夜才结束。
The battle finally brought the war to an end.
这一战役使这场战争终告结束。
Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.
她的突然来到使他们的会议终止了。
2）at the end of 在……尽头；末端（注意定冠词the）
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止
in the end 最后，结果
a (great) number of
【点拨】
1. a number of 若干的，一些的；a (great) number of 大量的；a (small) number of 少量的
这些短语接可数名词复数形式。
A small number of students attended the meeting.
少数学生出席了会议。
A number of my friends think I should take a holiday.
我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。
A great number of people can get injured or even killed in the earthquake.
许多人可能会在地震中受伤甚至遇害。
2. 注意区分：the number of ... ……的数量（谓语用单数）
The number of students is about twenty.
学生人数大约是20人左右。
The number of books missing from the library is very large.
图书馆遗失的图书数量很大。
all ... not
【点拨】
1. all，both，every，everyone，always等词与not连用，无论not在句首或句中，都是部分否定。
Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
You can tell a child what to do, but he won’t always obey.
你可以告诉一个孩子做什么，但是他不会总听从的。
2. 表示全部否定时用none，neither，nobody，nothing，never等。
We never trust them at all. 我们从来都没有信任他们。
I know nothing about her. 他的情况我一无所知。
He hasn't paid any of the money.
这笔钱他分文未付。
No birds can play chess.
没有一只鸟会下棋。
Neither of the books is published in England.
我不同意所有这些方案。
分数
【点拨】
1. 分数的构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数。连字符（-）可有可无。
1/10 one-tenth 1/100 one-hundredth
1/2 a（one）half 1/3 one third
3/4 three fourths 7/12 seven-twelfths
3/4 three quarters 一又四分之一 one and a fourth
2. 分数修饰或代替名词作主语时，谓语的形式：
名词是1）不可数名词时，谓语用单数；
2）可数名词复数时，谓语用复数；
3）可数名词单数时，谓语用单数。
Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen．
氧气只占空气的1／5。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting．
大约2／3的学生都参加了会议。
3. 类似用法：百分数
The price of food was reduced by ten percent.
食品的价格下降了10％。
Over sixty percent of the doctors were women.
超过百分之六十的医生是女性。
out of work
1. 记忆小窍门：
out of常表示“不在……状态”，反义词是in。
out of work 失业 in work 就业，在职
out of control 失去控制 in control 处于控制中
out of sight 看不见 in sight 在视野之内
out of danger 脱离危险 in danger 处于危险中
out of order 出故障 in order 按次序的
out of the reach 够不着 within the reach 够得到
2. 30 families are suffering because they’re out of work.
有30户人家因为失业而正在经受煎熬。
The number of people out of work reached 300.
失业人数达到了300人。
Because the lift was out of order，we had to walk up the stairs．
由于电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。
The car went out of control and crashed over the cliff.
汽车失去了控制, 掉下了悬崖。
blow up
【点拨】
blow up 炸毁，爆炸；突然发怒；夸大，放大
He was sentenced to 45 years in prison for trying to blow up a plane.
他因为企图炸毁一架飞机而被判入狱45年。
A chemical factory blew up in the city yesterday．
昨天，这个城里的一家化工厂发生了爆炸。
The enemy blew up all the bridges in this area．
敌人炸毁了这个地区所有的桥梁。
Don't blow this thing up more than necessary.
别过分夸大这件事。
【拓展】blow当作动词讲时，表示“吹”或“吹风”。
The wind blew all night.
风刮了一整夜。
A breeze blew the smoke into the room.
一阵微风把烟吹进房间。
come to power
【点拨】
1. come to power = come into power 执政（动作）
in power 当权，执政（状态）
Things have changed a lot since he came to power.
自从他执政以来，情况变化了很多。
How long has he been in power?
他执政多长时间了？
2. power 力量，政权，权力；能量；电力
She lost her power of speech.
她失去了说话的能力。
nuclear /wind /solar power 核/风/太阳能
a power failure 停电
build, set up, put up和found
【点拨】
1. build指施工建筑，如房屋、桥梁、道路等的建造，用法广泛。
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。
2. found 意为“创立、成立、创办”，常指创立一个组织、机构、国家、理论等。
They founded a school for the blind. 他们创办了一亿盲人学校。
His theory is founded on facts.他的理论建立在事实的基础上。
3. put up 和set up含义很多，但在表示“搭起、竖起、挂起”以及表建筑物“建起”的意思时，可以通用。只不过put up 比set up 要常见些。
The boys put up /set up their tents in the woods.
孩子们在树林里搭起了帐篷。
4. set up 在表示“建起、成立”某一机构团体时，不能用put up 替换，着重表示“开始，草创”。
The factory set up a night school last month.
这个工厂上月成立了一所夜校。
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
only引起的倒装
【点拨】
1. only修饰的状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构：把助动词、情态动词、be放到主语前。
Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只有每天练几个小时你就能够精通英语。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong．
只有那时我才意识到我错了。
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
只有用这种方式你才能解决问题。
Only when he came back did we know the secret．（注意倒装的是主句）
只有他回来时，我们才知道了这个秘密。
2. 注意：并不是only位于句首，就要倒装。“Only＋主语”在句首时，不需倒装。
Only the manager knows the answer. 只有经理知道答案。
重点语法
定语从句（1）
1. 定语从句的作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词的从句。
2. 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词：关系代词和关系副词。
3. 关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；
关系副词有where，when，why等。
4. 关系词常有3个作用：
1）引导定语从句；2）代替先行词；3）在定语从句中担当一个成分
5. 定语从句做题技巧：把先行词放在定语从句中判断作什么成分-----
1）作主/宾语，用that, which, who (主), whom (宾)。
2）作定语，用whose（表示“先行词的”）。
3）作状语（在先行词前加“在……”或“因为”），用when（时间），where（地点），why（原因）。
6. 特殊情况：只用that不用which。
试一试：
1. October 1, 1949 is the day ___________we will never forget.
2. Is this the shop ___________ sells children’s clothing?
3. I will work in the factory ___________ make toys.
4. Have you been to the factory _______________ he worked ten years ago.
5. I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.
6. A football fan is a person _____ has a strong interest in football.
7. I found the museum ______________ I visited ten years ago.
8. This is the reason _______________ he was late.
9. Tell me the reason ________ he gave.
10. Go along the street until you reach the house __________ roof is red.
答案与解析：
1. that / which。忘不了的是“the day”，the day在从句中作forget的宾语，所以用that/which，可以省略。
2. which / that。先行词the shop在定语从句中作主语——商店卖东西，用which / that，不可省。
3. which / that。先行词the factory在从句中作make的主语，用which / that，不可省。
4. where / in which。先行词在从句中加上“在”后作地点状语，即“在工厂工作”，因此用where / in which。
5. when / in which。先行词the days在定语从句中作时间状语，即“在那些天里我们一起工作”。
6. who/ that。先行词在从句中作has的主语，且是人，所以填who或that，不能省略。
7. which/that。visit是及物动词，the museum在从句中作visited的宾语，所以填which/that，可省略。
8. why / for which。the reason加上“因为”在定语从句中作原因状语，即for the reason，所以填why或for which。
9. that / which。the reason在从句中作gave的宾语，即“给出原因”，所以填that/which，可以省略。
10. whose。先行词加上“的”在从句中修饰roof，表示“房子的”，用whose引导定语从句。
综合运用
用定语从句让作文更好
I. 找出定语从句。
定语从句是用一个句子作定语修饰另一个句子中的名词，用定语从句可以使作文的表达更准确，也使作文更富有层次和色彩，避免单词重复和句式单一。所以，用心学好定语从句，并在书面表达中尝试使用，是提高自己的书面表达能力好方法之一。
下面句子都是Unit 4-5的Reading中的，找出其中的定语从句。
1. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals.
2. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
3. Then, later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
4. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5. However, this was a time when one had got to have passbook to live in Johannesburg.
6. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
答案与解析：
1. A huge crack that was eight kilometers ...
2. The number of people who were killed...
3. ... another big quake which was almost as strong...
4. ... survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5. ... this was a time when one had got to have...
6. ... the towns where they were sent to live ...
II. 写出定语从句
我们写作文时，有两种可能性，一种是写出了简单句，希望写出带有定语从句的句子；一种是想出来的句子就带有定语从句。下面我们通过两个练习来学习如何写带有定语从句的句子。
用定语从句合并句子。
1. 确定先行词：将两个信息点各自成句，再找两句中共同的名词或代词，将其定为先行词。
2. 确定主句：根据文章所描述的主题来确定较重要的信息为主句。
3. 然后确定关系词：根据先行词是指人还是物以及先行词在从句充当的句子成分来确定关系词。
4. 当一个信息的整体是另一个信息的主语或宾语时，可译为“这，那”时，用which指代。
试一试：
1. The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I would choose to attend the English lectures. The lectures are about the British and American cultures.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. He went to America in 1912. He was noticed by an important film director in America in1912.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Guilin is a city in the south. It has a history of 2,000 years.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. He is popular in our class. He is willing to help others.
The reason why ______________________________ is that _________________________.
答案与解析：
1. The boy whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.
方法解析：the boy是共同的名词，是先行词；第二个句子是修饰the boy的，是定语从句， the boy在定语从句中作定语，用关系词whose。
2. I would choose to attend the English lectures that/which are about the British and American cultures.
方法解析：共同名词是the lectures，是先行词；第二个句子是说明选择什么样子的lectures的，是定语从句；the lectures在从句中作主语，是事物，用that/which连接。
3. He went to America in 1912, when he was noticed by an important film director there.
He went to America in 1912, where he was noticed by an important film director then.
方法解析：共同的名词有时间1912和地点America，所以可以改成when或where两种定语从句，为了避免重复，用there代替in America，或者用then代替in 1912。
4. Guilin is a city in the south which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
5. The reason why he is popular in our class is that he is willing to help others.
方法解析：第二个句子是第一个句子的原因，可以换成why（表示“因为这个原因”，相当于for which）引导的定语从句。
用定语从句翻译句子
句子中“……的”后面的名词一般是先行词，前面的是定语，如果定语是一个句子或者动词短语的话，一般可以写出定语从句。
1. 不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. 她上周买的房子非常好。
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. 我上了两年学的那家学校在三公里以外。
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. 头发是黄色的那个男孩是我的一个朋友.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. Nelson Mandela帮助我的日子是我最幸福的日子之一。
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：
1. The students who/that don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
方法解析：先行词是人（学生），“不努力学习”是定语，其主语是先行词“学生”，即连接词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，可以用who或that引导。
2. The house (which/that) she bought last week is very nice.
方法解析：先行词是物（房子），“她上周买”是定语从句，先行词是“买”的宾语，所以用that/which引导定语从句，可以省略。
3. The school where I studied for two years was three kilometers away.
方法解析：先行词是“学校”，定语从句是“我上了两年学”，先行词放入定语从句中，应该是“在学校”，是地点，所以用where引导从句。
4. The boy whose hair is yellow is one of my friends.
方法解析：先行词是“男孩”，定语从句是“头发是黄色”，先行词放入定语从句中，是“男孩的头发是黄色”，表示“先行词的”，用whose引导从句。
5. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
方法解析：先行词是“日子”，定语从句是“Nelson Mandela帮助我”，先行词放入定语从句中，应是“在那个日子里”，是时间，用when引导从句。
巩固练习
I. 根据所给的汉语提示或首字母填空。
1. It was a ___________ (恐惧的) night because of the terrible earthquake.
2._____________ (祝贺) on your success. We are all proud of you.
3. I saw many ____________ (受惊的) cows rush up the street.
4. The newly-built house was completely ___________ (摧毁) by the big fire.
5. The policeman tried his best to ____________the boy who fell into the river.
6. Two–thirds of the people died or ___________ (受伤) in the earthquake.
7. They _______ (奖励) the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.
8. The public pay more attention to the __________ (质量) of milk after the tainted (腐败的) milk case.
9. Most children in cities are better e________ than those in the countryside.
10. A s_________ person always thinks about himself.
11. Whatever happens, we will not use v_________. We should settle things in a peaceful way.
12. Women are fighting for e_______ pay with the men because they do the same job.
II. 完成句子。
1. 那个城市发生了可怕的地震，几分钟内整个城市夷为平地。
A terrible earthquake _______ the city and in a few seconds the whole city _____ _____ ____.
2. 气球爆裂后，小男孩放声大哭起来。
When the balloon _____, the little boy _____ ______ crying/ _____ _____ tears.
3. 过量饮酒毁了他的健康。
Much drinking ______ ______ ______.
4. 在上海地铁追尾事故中总共有271人受伤。
A total of 271 people ____ ______ in Shanghai’s subway crash.
5. 自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。
Ever since he moved there, he ___ ____ ______ __his research work.
6. 他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。?
The news of his wife’s death was _____ ______ ______ ______ him.
7. 从他脸上高兴的样子判断，他这次一定通过了考试。
______ his happy look on the face, he must have passed the exam this time.
8. 质量差的商品很难卖出。
_______ _______ ______ ______ won’t sell easily.
9. 他必须正视失业这一现实。
He must face the reality of _____ ______ ______ _______.
10. 他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。
When he _______ _______ _______, he broke his promise of reducing taxes.
11. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
Only when he is seriously ill _____ ______ ______ in bed.
12. 居里夫人致力于科学，是一位伟大的女子。
Madame Curie, ______ ________ ________, was a great woman.
13. 事实上，我把那位女子的名字写在了什么地方。
_____ _____ ______ ____ ______,I have the woman’s name written down somewhere.
14. 为了纪念为国家牺牲生命的英雄，建立了一座纪念碑。
A monument was ____ ____ in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives for the country.
15. 那个足球对没有赢得一场比赛，他们都很灰心。
That football team had won no games and they all ________ _______.
III. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. The next morning people put up shelters ____ the open air ______ all kinds of things which they can find.
2. We invite you to bring your family and friends ______ that special day.
3. The city Tang Shan is well known ______ the “Brave City of China”. We are all proud _____ it.
4. Thank you so much ______ helping me ________ my spoken English.
5. The whole city laid _______ ruins after the bombing. The number of the injured and dead reached ________ 40000.
6._______ the north of the city, most of the 10000 miners were rescued _______ the coal mines.
7. It seemed that the whole world was _______an end.
8. Two –thirds of the people died or were injured _______the earthquake. Many children were left ________parents.
9. People went to bed _______ usual. They thought little ________ these events.
10. Nothing can stop the soldiers ________ rescuing the people trapped ________ the ruins.
11. ______ a reward ______ his contribution to botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named after him.
12. The Red Army soldiers had to fight _______ all kinds of difficulties in their fight _______ the people’s freedom.
13. Are men equal _______ women in physical strength?
14. The young man was sentenced _______ death for murder.
15. Only then did we decide to answer violence _______ violence.
IV. 语法填空。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
My name is Mahnaz Bibi and I’m from a village of Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. We used to live (1) ________ happy and comfortable life. I had my husband Mukhtar Ali and a son Mushahid Ali. Mushahid was the whole world for me.
On October 8, after feeding Mushahid I came out of my house to do some work outside. I (2) ________ (work) when the earth started shaking. I had never felt this kind of earthquake before, which made me quite (3) ________ (frighten). When I came to my senses I ran back to my house to save my son, (4) ________ was sleeping in the room. There was nothing (5) ________ the debris (残骸) of my house. I started crying (6) ________ (loud) and asked the neighbors (7) ________ (help) search for my son. Some villagers came to his (8) ________, but after hours of hard work, I lost my whole world. We buried him on the 9th of October and the area suffered (9) ________ heavy rain for the whole night.
A few days later we left our village, because there was nothing (10) ________ was left for us. We traveled a long distance over the mountains. In the end, we reached Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and got shelter in the Ajaz Gillani Relief Tent Village.
V. 完形填空
I took time off work to spend with my daughter before Christmas. I wanted to take advantage of the ___1___ to teach her about the spirit of Christmas—love for all people is what the season is about, not merely ___2___. But one unplanned incident showed this spirit more than I could have ___3___.
I was already running late after ___4___ in the supermarket. Zipping down to the main road, I noticed a pile of mail in front. I quickly realized that they must have ___5___ off a postal service vehicle.
Despite my teaching of love to my child, I had a ___6___ time fighting against my selfishness. But then other thoughts ___7___ through my mind: There could be ___8___ to grannies from their grandchildren, or undelivered bills that will be overdue.
I ___9___ my six-year-old daughter and asked, “Should we stop and pick them up?”
“Of course!” She answered without hesitation. To her, it was a perfectly ___10___ thing. So I pulled over.
Cars were ___11___. Many letters were carried into the ___12___ and rolling down the road. I, with my daughter, began ___13___ the letters. A moment later, two other cars pulled over and their drivers ___14___ us. They stopped their cars on each ___15___ of the main road, stopping the traffic in all directions until the letters were all ___16___.
Just then, a relieved and very ___17___ young postman pulled up on his motorbike. I looked up at those ___18___ hands and we all smiled. Without speaking, we knew we had done something ___19___ that day. But the most important lesson I learnt was from my daughter. Her pure heart taught me more about the ___2___ of Christmas than I could ever teach her.
1. A. condition B. experience C. activity D. opportunity
2. A. foods B. presents C. donations D. drinks
3. A. imagined B. accepted C. decided D. understood
4. A. working B. playing C. shopping D. chatting
5. A. sent B. fallen C. gone D. taken
6. A. good B. sad C. long D. hard
7. A. flashed B. got C. looked D. went
8. A. clothes B. money C. letters D. books
9. A. called for B. looked at C. went to D. came across
10. A. lucky B. delighted C. interesting D. natural
11. A. racing by B. slowing down C. whistling loudly D. coming near
12. A. water B. dustbin C. dirt D. air
13. A. looking through B. picking up C. clearing up D. running after
14. A. approached B. stopped C. joined D. praised
15. A. line B. branch C. side D. end
16. A. collected B. gone C. caught D. returned
17. A. polite B. grateful C. careless D. helpful
18. A. injured B. busy C. helping D. proud
19. A. successful B. attractive C. special D. strange
20. A. joy B. soul C. duty D. spirit
VI. 阅读理解
Not only was it a imaginary pregnancy (怀孕), but zookeepers suspect the panda, Ai Hin, may have been pretending it to improve her quality of life, the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding told Xinhua on Monday.
Ai Hin, aged 6, had shown signs of pregnancy, including a change in appetite (食欲), moving less and an increase in progestational hormone (孕激素) in July, according to Xinhua.
But after almost two months, she began acting normally again, zookeepers said.
Experts say pandas sometimes carry on the behaviors associated with early pregnancy after noticing that they get good treatment, the news agency reported.
“After showing prenatal (产前的) signs, the ‘mothers-to-be’ are moved into single rooms with air conditioning and around-the-clock care, ” said Wu Kongju, an expert at the Chengdu base.
“They also receive more buns, fruits and bamboos, so some clever pandas have used this to their advantage to improve their quality of life. ”
Even if a pregnancy proves genuine, baby pandas have very low survival rates. According to the Chengdu base, only a third to a half of pandas born in Chinese manage to survive past infancy.
There was good news last month, though, when a panda gave birth to a healthy set of triplets (三胞胎)in China’s Chimelong Safari Park in the southern city of Guangzhou. The cubs (幼崽) are thought to be the only living panda triplets in the world.
As few as 1, 600 giant pandas survive in the mountain forests of central China, according to the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoo in Washington. More than 300 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world, most of them in China.
1. Ai Hin, had shown signs of pregnancy EXCEPT ________.
A. a change in appetite B. moving less
C. an increase in progestational hormone D. acting normally
2. Why did some pandas pretend pregnancy?
A. They want to improve their quality of life.
B. They want people to pay attention to them.
C. They want people to set them free.
D. They want to act normally.
3. According to the passage, which statement is TRUE?
A. The survival rates of baby pandas are low.
B. The cubs are thought to be one of living panda triplets in the world.
C. A healthy set of triplets were born in the Chengdu base.
D. 1, 600 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world.
4. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. A panda named Ai Hin.
B. Pandas may have pretended pregnancy for better quality of life.
C. The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
D. Pandas are dying out.
VII. 用定语从句改写下面小作文。
(1) Our class is a big family; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.
(2) I see many running creatures. They are made of metal and glass. Their feet are round. They have four eyes. Two of the four eyes are red. Inside I see soft shapes. They can move. (Cars)
VIII. 翻译句子。
1. 这就是我刚换了CPU的那台电脑。
2. 我昨天晚上看的那部电影很感人。
3. 坐落（stand）在河边的那座建筑是我们的学校。
4. 王先生是最关心（care about）我的老师。
5. 每年来这个城市游览的人数达到了一百万。
6. 这部电影为我们展示了一个世界，在那里我们面临（face）着各种各样的灾难。
7. 见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
8. 他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
答案与解析
I. 根据所给的汉语提示或首字母填空。
1.frightening 2.Congratulations 3. frightened 4. destroyed 5. rescue/ save
6. injured 7. rewarded 8. quality 9. educated 10. selfish 11. violence 12. equal
II. 完成句子。
1. hit; lay in ruins 2. burst; burst out/ burst into 3. ruined his health 4. were injured
5. has been buried in 6. a terrible shock to 7. Judging from 8. Goods of poor quality
9. being out of work 10. came to/into power 11. will he stay
12. (who was) devoted to science 13. As a matter of fact 14. set up/ put up 15. lost heart
III. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. in; with 2. on 3. as; of 4. for; with 5. in; over 6. To; from
7. at 8. during; without 9. as; of 10. from; in 11. As; for 12. against; for
13. to 14. to 15. with
IV. 语法填空。
1. a 2. was working 3. frightened 4. who 5. but
6. loudly 7. to help 8. rescue 9. from 10. that
V. 完形填空
文章大意：在圣诞节作者想教会孩子节日的真谛——爱，然而孩子单纯、善良的心灵反过来让作者受益颇多。
1. D。词语辨析题。句意：我想利用这个机会教给她圣诞节的真谛。opportunity机会; condition条件, 状况; experience经历; activity活动。
2. B。背景常识题。圣诞节往往是一个收到礼物的节日。
3. A。逻辑推理题。句意: 一件计划之外的事情超乎我的想象, 更加体现了这一真谛。
4. C。背景常识题。结合在超市可知是在购物。
5. B。词语辨析题。fall off掉落, 跌落; send off寄出, 派遣; go off响起; take off (飞机)起飞。结合句意“……它们一定是从一个邮寄服务车上掉落下来的”可知选B。
6. D。逻辑推理题。尽管要教给孩子关爱, 我费了很大劲反抗我的自私。have a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事很困难。
7. A。词语辨析题。flash (思想、感情等) 突发, 闪现。
8. C。词汇复现题。由上文的mail及下文的bills可知。
9. B。词语辨析题。look at看着; call for需要; go to走去; come across偶遇。
10. D。背景常识题。句意: 对她来说那是极自然的事情。
11. A。背景常识题。汽车驶过信件才被空气吹动。race by车驶过; slow down慢下来; whistle loudly大声鸣笛; come near靠近。
12. D。背景常识题。be carried into the air被带到空中。
13. B。词语辨析题。pick up捡起, 拾起; look through浏览; clear up清扫; run after追赶。结合上文可知, 信件飞落到路边, 我和女儿把它们捡起来。
14. C。逻辑推理题。由They stopped their cars on each _____ of the main road, 可知他们加入到我们中。
15. D。逻辑推理题。由stopping the traffic in all directions（阻断各个方向的交通）可知他们把车停放在了道路的两端, 即末端, 故用end。
16. A。词语辨析题。句意: 直到信件全被收集起来。be collected被收集; be gone不见; be caught被抓住; return返回。
17. B。背景常识题。别人帮他收集齐了丢失的信件, 邮递员应心怀感激。grateful感激的。
18. C。固定搭配题。句意: 我抬头看那些帮手, 我们都笑了。helping hands帮手。
19. C。逻辑推理题。句意: 不用说我们都知道那天我们做了一件特殊的事情。
20. D。词汇复现题。由首段中teach her about the spirit of Christmas, 可知D项正确。
VI. 阅读理解
文章大意：本文介绍了大熊猫有时候为了能改善自己的生活而假装怀孕的趣事。
1. D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可排除A、B、C。故选D。
2. A。细节理解题。根据文章第六段advantage to improve their quality of life可知A为正确选项。
3. A。细节理解题。根据文章第七段have very low survival rates可知A正确。
4. B。主旨大意题。根据文章可知本文主要介绍了大熊 猫为改善生活假装怀孕的趣事。
VII. 用定语从句改写下面小作文。
(1) Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is a good boy whom we all like.
(2) I see many running creatures which / that are made of metal and glass. Their feet are round and they have four eyes, two of which are red. Inside I see soft shapes that can move. (Cars)
VIII. 翻译句子。
1. This is the computer whose CPU I have just changed.
2. The film which/that I saw last night was very moving.
3. The building which stands near the river is our school.
4. Mr. Wang is the teacher that cares about me most.
5. The number of people who came to visit this city each year reached one million.
6. The film shows us a world where we face various disasters.
7. The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
8. He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.