（人教版）高中英语必修一：Unit 3 Travel journa现在进行时表示将来及语法讲解

现在进行时表将来
概念引入
现在进行时是我们非常熟悉的时态，常表示说话时正在发生的动作，如：
Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 你为什么在哭？有什么不对吗？
但是观察这些句子：
1. I’m going. 我要走了。
2. What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？
3. Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记：你也要参加。
4. She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.
她明天要去看牙医，因为她的牙需要补。
这些句子中的谓语动词都是现在进行时，但是谈论的都是将来的事，这就是本单元我们要学习的内容。
语法讲解
【语法】
现在进行时表将来
1. 现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件，常表示最近或较近的将来，有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”，给人期待感，多是转移动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我打算明天离开。
Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿待到下个星期吗？
They’re coming here this afternoon. 今天下午他们要来这儿。
She is leaving on the New York flight. 她要乘飞纽约的航班去。
Do you know if he is going to school tomorrow? 你知道明天他上不上学吗？
What time are you coming back? 你准备什么时候回来？
I am starting early tomorrow morning. 我打算明天一早就动身。
The delegation is arriving this afternoon. 代表团将于今天下午到达。
2. 进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词，如do, buy, meet, have, play, spend等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。
What are you doing next Sunday? 下周日你要干什么？
My mother is buying me a bike soon. 我妈妈很快要给我买一辆自行车。
We are playing football this afternoon. 今天下午我们要踢足球。
We’re probably spending the coming Easter with the Greens.
我们会和格林一家共度复活节。
I’m meeting Janet later this evening. 今晚我会与珍妮见面。
3. 现在进行时偶尔也表示较远的将来。
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
4. 表示将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用于否定结构中。
I’m not going there. 我不去那儿了。
I’m not waiting for her any longer. 我不会再等她了。▇
现在进行时的其它用法
1. 表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用。
I’m sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.
我和我的朋友们正坐在河边的一块岩石上。
We’re having a meeting. 我们在开会。
Be quiet！ The baby is sleeping 安静，孩子在睡觉。
2. 表示现在阶段正在进行的动作，而不一定是说话时正在进行的动作，常与today, this week, this term等连用。
What are you doing recently? 你最近在忙些什么？
He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。
Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my dad on the farm.
现在是暑假，我在农场帮我爸爸干活。
3. 现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩，通常与 always， forever， constantly等副词连用。比较：
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。（表示赞扬）
She always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。（陈述一个事实）
The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎。（表示厌恶）
The boy often lies. 这孩子常撒谎。（指出缺点）
How are you feeling today? 今天感觉怎么样？（亲切）
You are constantly complaining. 你总是不停地抱怨。（抱怨）
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯。
He’s not working very hard at the moment. （目前情况）
此时他并没在努力工作。
He doesn’t work very hard.（经常的情况）
他工作不努力。
What kind of music does the woman like? (2018 北京高考)
这位女子喜欢什么种类的音乐？
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 格林先生在写另一部小说。
动词be的现在进行时
动词be的现在进行时，主要用于表示一时的表现或暂时存在的状态。
He is foolish. 他很傻。(性格如此)
He is being foolish. 他显得很傻。(指一时的表现，并非总是如此)
He is friendly. 他很友好。(长期如此)
He is being friendly. 他显得很友好。(指暂时的表现，而且不一定真诚)
He is polite and reasonable. 他讲礼貌而且通情达理。
He is being polite and reasonable. 他这会儿讲礼貌而且通情达理。
“be+形容词”用于现在进行时时，其中的形容词通常只能是angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite等动态形容词，而big, tall, beautiful 等静态形容词不能这样用。
不用进行时的动词
1. 表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。
I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌的酒精含量极高。
2. 表示心理状态的动词，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, need, recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。
I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
They agreed to reserve four tickets for us. 他们答应给我们留四张票。
3. 瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
When will you complete the task? 你什么时候完成任务?
The following evening a party was given for him by his parents.
第二天晚上他父母为他举行了一个派对。
4. 系动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste等。
(2018 高考全国卷III) But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.
但是似乎许多人不在家做鱼这道菜。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
注意：
1. “feel +形容词”表主语情感、感觉、心理状态时，常用进行时：
How are you feeling now? I’m feeling better.
你现在感觉怎么样？ 感觉好多了。
2. 某些系动词，如get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等，用进行时可以表示渐变。
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
一般将来时的几种表达方法
1. will/ shall do表示单纯的将来，或临时要做某事。
will用于各种人称，shall一般用于第一人称，但是will表示将来通常不用于状语从句中，而用一般现在时代替。
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
I’ll tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow. 如果我明天看到他，我就告诉他实情。
注意1：will还表示临时决定要做某事。
You said Tom is ill? I’ll go to see him now.
你说汤姆病了？我现在马上去看他。
注意2：在if引导的条件状语从句中可以用will表示主语的意愿。
If you will listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth. 如果你愿意听我说，我就告诉你实情。
2. be going to指现在的打算、意图，表示最近的计划和安排。
be going to可以表示计划、安排要做的事，也可表示有迹象表明最近的将来要发生的事。
Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. (2018 浙江高考)
我也不打算问你们单词是什么意思。
What are you going to do this weekend? 你这周末打算干什么呢？
It is going to rain, so we’d better stay indoors. 要下雨了，因此我们最好待在室内。
3. be doing与表示将来的时间连用，表示不久的将来计划要发生的事或动作。
When are you going off for your holiday? 你什么时候去度假？
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
4. be to do 表示按预定计划或安排要发生的事情，还可以表示“注定”、“可能性”、“义务”等。
He is to have a holiday. 他要度假了。
You are to pay for your fault. 你得为你的失误付出代价。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.
你要去那家旅馆，房间已经给你预定了。
5. 一般现在时表示将来。分为三种情况：
1）按照规定（如工作计划、各种时刻表）要发生的未来的动作，仅限于go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin等等。
The train leaves ten minutes later. 火车十分钟后启动。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
2）用于时间状语从句（when, unitl， ...）、条件状语从句（if，unless，...）等，代替will表示的一般将来时。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
3）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
离开房间前，务必把窗户关了
6. be about to do 刚要，正要，表示非常近的将来。
1) be about to 不能和表示将来的时间副词连用。
2) be about to do... when ... 正要……的时候……事情发生了。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
She was about to dish up when some guests came.
她刚要上菜开饭，这时来了一些客人。
As she was about to speak, I frowned her down.
她刚要开口，我就皱皱眉示意她别出声。
I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.
我正要去游泳，这时向导大声叫我不要去。
表示将来的各形式辨析
1. be going to 和will/shall
两者都可表示意图，有时可互换，但be going to着重强调事先考虑或决定的事；will 表示临时的打算或决定。用于条件句时，be going to表将来, will表意愿。
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible.
如果你打算来一次旅行，最好是尽快做好准备。
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
如果你愿意脱下你的衣服，我们会在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服。
2. be going to和be to do
1）两者都可以表示将来的计划，但是be going to还能表示不受主观控制要发生的事，而be to do不行。如可以说“It is going to rain.”不能说“It is to rain.”
2）“be going to do”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be to do”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。
This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. (别人安排)
这个淘气的男孩要在这里待到下课。
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.（个人打算）
明天下午我想去踢球。
3. do/ be doing和be going to do
do/ does 时间表排定的事
be doing 近期个人具体安排
be going to do 意图，打算
I’m meeting my friend at the air- port tomorrow. 我明天要在机场见一个朋友。
Her plane arrives at 11 a.m. 她的飞机11点到达。
We are going to have lunch together. 我们打算一起吃午饭。
品味将来时
欣赏下列笑话，了解其中的现在进行时表将来的用法。
1. A: We are sending our son to a vacation next week.
B: Oh! Does he need a vacation?
A: No, but we do!
2. A: I hear you are moving to London next week.
B: Yes, I have to because of my job.
A: Are you working for the same people?
B: Yes, my wife and our six kids!
3. A boy was up an apple tree stealing apples. A policeman came along. He looked up at the boy in the tree and said, “When are you coming down, young man?”
“When you go away!” replied the boy.
4. A very boring speaker talked for two hours without stopping. When he finished, he asked, “Does anybody have a question?”
“Yes,” said a voice from the back of the room. “When are you leaving?”
欣赏下面短文，了解其中现在进行时的用法：
Always in touch
I’m sitting on a train. All around me people are using their cell phones. They’re making calls. They’re getting calls. They’re speaking to their boyfriends and girlfriends, their parents, and their bosses! Phones are ringing everywhere! I’m getting a headache. Cell phones are very useful, but they are also a big problem, there is no “quiet” or “ alone” time. Oh, er,...excuse me. I have to go. My phone is ringing.
总是占线
我在搭乘火车。我周围的人都在使用手机。他们在打电话。他们在接电话。他们在跟男朋友讲电话，跟女朋友讲电话，跟父母讲电话，跟老板讲电话！到处都是手机铃声在响。我很头痛。手机是很有用，但也是一个大问题。人们根本就没有“安静”和“独处”的时间。哦，呃，… …等等。失陪，我的手机在响。
巩固练习
一、完成下列对话
1. Harry: _____ Sarah _____ (come) on the trip tomorrow?
Cindy: Yes. She _____ (leave) tomorrow morning.
Harry: Do you know what time?
Cindy: She _____ (leave) her house at seven o’ clock and will catch the train at eight.
2. Matthew: How _____ you _____ (get) to school?
Joe: I _____ (cycle) to school and leaving my clothes behind. My mum _____ (bring) my clothes to school tomorrow morning.
Matthew: Lucky you! That seems a good idea.
3. Peter: Where _____ we _____ (go)?
James: To the sea.
Peter: How _____ we _____ (get) there?
James: By car.
二、 用所给动词的适当时态填空
1. —Is everybody here?
—No. The speaker _________ (come) soon.
2. The patient _________ (get) worse and worse. When will the doctor arrive?
3. My friend Henry ___________ (think) others first.
4. The girl ____ always ________ (leave) things about.
5. —I’m going to the US to study law.
—How long _______ you _______ (stay) there?
6. What will you want to be when you ______ (grow) up?
7. Look at the lightning. It _________ (rain).
8. Our English teacher _________ (arrive) in Shanghai in a few days.
9. —Jim is in town for a few days.
—Really? Great! I _________ (give) him a call. Is he staying at his Aunt Rosa’s?
10. Put on your coat! I __________ (take) you to see the doctor downstairs.
三、单项选择：
1. —What’s that noise? (2018 北京朝阳期末）
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested
2. —Have you got any job offers?
—No. I _____.
A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting
3. Teenagers _____ their health because they play computer games too much.
A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage
4. My money _____. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.
A. has run out B. is running out C. was running out D. runs out
5. (2018 浙江杭州余杭区期末) Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts. The plane ______ off.
A. takes B. is taking C. has taken D. took
6. —Why have you bought so much food, mum?
—Your grandparents ______ to spend this weekend with us.
A. are coming B. come C. were coming D. came
7. —I hear you’ve won a holiday to New York.
—Yes. And I _____ my daughter.
A. am taking B. take C. took D. have taken
8. My dictionary ___. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______ it.
A. has lost, don’t find B. is missing, don’t find
C. has lost, haven’t found D. is missing, haven’t found.
9. As a UN report warns, animals ________ at a speed 100 times faster now than any time in the past since the dinosaurs were wiped out.
A. are dying out B. have died out C. were dying out D. had died out
10. —I’m not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ______________ for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
11. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?
—The bridge to it ______ .
A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired
12. —I don’t think the headmaster knows who did it.
—Well, surprisingly she does. A boy _____ in her office now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. has questioned
13. I don’t understand why you _____ your mind constantly! We haven’t been able to decide where to spend our holiday, you know?
A. change B. will change C. are changing D. have changed
14. —Are you still busy? (2018 北京东城期末)
—Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long.
A. have just finished B. just finished C. am just finishing D. just finish
15. —Is this handbag yours?
—No, mine ______ there on the wall.
A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung
16. John moved to Laos five years ago and _____ there ever since.
A．was B．has been C．is staying D．was staying
17. —Do you live in this city?
—No, we ______ it for holidays.
A. just visited B. are just visiting C. had already visited D. just visit
18. (2018 北京东城期末) The manager _______ for London for a business conference this afternoon. Can you get him to the airport?
A. is leaving B. left C. have left D. was leaving
19. ---What's the weather like tomorrow? (2018 北京东城期末)
---I have no idea. Just a minute, I ________ it for you.
A. will check B. have checked C. checked D. had checked
20. Mr. Smith _____ to have a talk with you. He will be here in a minute.
A. come B. coming C. has come D. is coming
四、改正下列各个句子中的时态错误。
I’ll write to him when I finished the book.
Charles worked hard since leaving school.
In fact, I am very thin when I was young.
He is kind to me. Although he is very busy, he still came to see me.
How long have you been here？ How did you like our city？
As is known to us all, the earth turned around the sun.
I’m interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do.
Don’t worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.
Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan.
Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave.
I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now？
五、 翻译句子：
1. 玛丽和我下个星期天去钓鱼。
2. 我明天将什么东西也不做。
3. 他下个月将去美国吗？
4. 你在西安要待多久？
5. 别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
6. 星期一在实验室见她。（She…）
7. 别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
8. 我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。
答案和解析
一、完成对话
1. Is, coming; is leaving; is leaving
2. are, getting; am cycling; is bringing
3. are, going; are, getting
二、动词填空
1. is coming 2. is getting 3. is always thinking of
4. is; leaving 5. are; staying 6. grow
7. is going to rain 8. is arriving 9. will give/going to give
10. am taking
三、单项选择
1. C. 根据上文“那噪音是什么？”可知，机器正在被测试，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。所以选C。
2. D. 依上文可知, 前者在询问后者是否有人提供工作，而对方回答说还没有, 还在等待。显然在说现在的状况, 现在一直在等。所以用现在进行时。
3. B. 考查时态。因为年轻人电子游戏玩得太多, 所以他们正在损害自己的健康。
4. B. 考查时态及run out的用法。由语境可知，当时钱还没有用完，因此不用A、C项。而D项一般表示时刻表上将要发生的动作。钱花光并不是写在时刻表上的。B项用进行时表示将来。
5. B. 句意：女士们，先生们，请系好安全带，飞机要起飞了。根据句意，选B，即用现在进行时表示将来。
6. A. 由句中this weekend这一将来时间可排除C、D，位移动词常用现在进行时态表示计划将来发生的动作。
7. A. 现在进行时表示将来的动作或状态。
8. D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
9. A. 从now和in the past相对比可以看出动物正在逐步地灭绝，因此选用现在进行时。
10. D. 本题考查动词时态。句意：——我的饭还没有吃完呢。 ——但是，朋友们正在等着我们。根据二者之间对话的逻辑分析可知，是在吃饭的同时朋友们在等着（现在），故用现在进行时。
11. C. 由第一句提供的信息可知通往那条路的桥正在修建中。因此选择C项表示“动作正在进行，且用被动语态”。
12. B. 根据对话内容可知，“这个男孩正在被盘问”，强调说话时正在进行的动作。故正确答案为B。
13. C. 考查时态。句中constantly是关键词，说明被质问者总是在改变主意。用进行时表示厌烦，符合语境。
14. C. 由“it won’t take long”可知工作将要完成, 故用现在进行时态表将来。
15. C. “我的手提包在墙上挂着”表示目前正在进行的状态。
16. B. 考查时态。ever since通常用于现在完成时。题意为：John五年前移居老挝，从那以后就一直住在那里。
17. B. 问话人的意思是“你现在在这儿，那你是住在这个城市吗？”，从答话人的答语No可以看出，答话人想强调他们“正在这里参观”而不是住在这儿，因此用进行时态。
18. A。句意：今天下午经理要去伦敦开商务会议，你能送他去机场吗？根据句意，leave是将来的动作，所以用现在进行时表示将来。所以选A。
19. A. 答话人对第一个人提出的话题进行回应“我马上为你查”，是临时决定要做的事，用will do。
20. D. “is coming”为现在进行时表将来。
五、时态改错
1. finished 改为finish，或在 finished 前加 have.即在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来意义，但这里也可用现在完成时表示完成。
2. worked 前加has，句中的 since 表示“自从……以来一直……”，即表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，故用现在完成时。
3. am 改为 was，根据从句中的一般过去时可知 am 应改为 was.
4. came 改为 comes，根据前面的两处一般现在时可知。
5. did 改为 do，根据前面的现在完成时可知“你”现在还在我们城市，故后面一句问的是“你”现在对我们城市的看法。
6. turned 改为 turns.本句叙述的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。
7. spoke 改为 speak.全句叙述的是现在的情况。
8. come 前加 will，根据句意，此处应是将来时态。
9. cost 改为 costs，句子讲述的是现在的一般情况。
10. 去掉 will，时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
11. forget 改为 forgot，根据句意，此题的“忘记”应是指过去忘记
六、 翻译句子：
1. Mary and I are going fishing next Sunday.
2. I am not doing anything tomorrow.
3. Is he going to America next month?
4. How long are you staying in Xi’an?
5. Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
6. She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
7. Don’t worry. You won’t miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
8. My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.