（人教版）高中英语必修一：Unit 5 Nelson Mandela---a modern hero单元语言点及其练习

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela— a modern hero语言点
目标认知
重点词汇
quality, offer, mean, devote, attack, equal, vote, escape, reward, beg, found, sentence
重点短语
out of work, stop...from doing..., set up, in trouble, turn to, blow up
重点句型
1. The first/ next/ last... to do....
2. 地点或时间名词+see
3. stage所接的定语从句
4. way 作先行词引导定语从句
5. only引导的部分倒装句
知识讲解
重点词汇
quality
【原句回放】And what qualities does a great person have? 伟人有什么品质？
【点拨】quality n. 质量（不可数）；品质；性质，特征（可数名词）
常用搭配：
be of good/bad quality 有好/坏的品质
be of high/poor quality 优/劣质
quality education 素质教育
extra fine quality 特等质量
first-rate quality 一等品质
He has a watch of good quality. 他有块质量好的手表。
One quality of wood is that it can burn. 木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。
【拓展1】quality adj. 优质的，高质量的
quality goods 精品 a quality service 优质的服务
【拓展2】qualify v. 使具有资格
This training course will qualify you for a better job.
这项训练课程会使你具有获取一个好工作的资格。
But when I’d qualified and started teaching, it was a different story.
可是等我获得资格开始教书的时候，却是另一番情形了。
【拓展3】形似词：quantity n. 数量
【词语精讲词汇精讲】
offer
【原句回放】He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。
【点拨】
1. offer vt. vi. 主动提供；主动提出；出价；表示愿意
常用搭配：
offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb. 给……提供……
The company offered him a very good job (=offered a good job to him), but he turned it down.
这家公司给他提供了一份很好的工作，但是他拒绝了。
2. offer n. 提议, 提供；供应; 报价
常用搭配：
offer of help/ support/ friendship 提供帮助/支持/友谊
accept/take up an offer 接受出价/帮助
turn down/refuse/decline an offer 拒绝（帮助、出价等）
on offer 销价处理
Thank you for your offer of help. 谢谢你提供帮助。
She accepted their offer of rent-free accommodation. 她接受了他们主动提供的免费住处。
I can’t turn down the offer of a free trip to Milan! 我不能拒绝去米兰的免费旅游。
They made an offer which I couldn’t refuse.
他们提供了一个我不能拒绝的（帮助、出价等）。
Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket.
甜豆这周将在当地超市售卖。
3. offer to do sth. 答应做……
Our school’s offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone was a moving act.
我们学校答应帮助那些患骨质疏松症的孩子们，这是令人感动的举动。◆
mean
【点拨】mean adj. 吝啬的，自私的；卑鄙的
常用搭配：be mean with sth. 在某方面吝啬
He is very mean with his money. 他在金钱方面很吝啬。
That is a mean trick. 那是卑鄙手段。
【拓展】mean v. 意欲，打算；意味着
常用搭配：
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
be meant for 注定要成为
I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。
Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)你要努力学习。
I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的材料。
devote
【原句回放】A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others. 伟人就是全身心地帮助他人的人。
【点拨】vt. (与 to 连用) 献身；专心于
常用搭配：
devote oneself /sth to sb./sth（to 为介词) 为sb./sth付出（时间/精力等），奉献，献身于
be devoted to (to为介词) 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢
He devoted himself to education. 他献身于教育。
She has devoted all her time to looking after her children. 她把全部时间都用于照看孩子。
I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.
我认为我们不应该在这个问题上再花费时间。
The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending.
(2018 四川高考) 母亲对孩子付出的情感、身体和思想方面的能量可能是无止境的。
【拓展】devoted adj. (~ to sb./ sth) 热爱的，非常忠诚的，全心全意的
devotion n. 奉献，挚爱
a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友
She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子。
Obama is completely devoted to his family. 奥巴马十分热爱自己的家庭。
attack
【原句回放】We chose to attack the law. 我们选择与法律对抗。
【点拨】attack vt. 进攻，攻击，抨击；（疾病）侵袭；侵害
n. 攻击，进攻；病情发作（可数名词）
常用结构：
make an attack on/ against...= attack... 攻击……
under attack 遭到攻击
air attack 空袭
a heart attack 心脏病突发
The disease attacked his central nervous system. 疾病破坏了他的中枢神经系统。
The patrol came under attack from all sides. 巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击。
One of my friends had a heart attack from too much stress.
我的一个朋友因为压力太大患了心脏病。
equal
【原句回放】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是我很乐于帮忙，因为我知道这有助于达到我们的梦想——使黑人和白人平等。
【点拨】equal adj. (大小、数量、价值、程度、状况等)相同/等的，同样的
vt. equal sb./ sth. (in sth.) (在某方面)与……相同/相等
n. 和……相当的人/事物
常用搭配：
equal to (doing) sth. 有能力的，能胜任的
A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B
be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；有……的能力；(勇气、力量等)；胜任
They are of equal height. 他们一样高。
Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？
He doesn’t seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求。
No one equals him in strength. 论力气,无人能和他相比。
Two plus two equals four. 二加二等于四。
She is the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.
论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。
(2018 安徽高考) In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.
实际上，说起战争艺术，蚂蚁没有可以匹敌的动物。
【拓展】equality n. 平等
They are fighting for the equality of women.
她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。
vote
【原句回放】Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人不能选举或者选择他们的领导人。
【点拨】vote vt. vi. 投票，选举
n．投票；选票；表决
常用搭配：
vote on... 投票表决……
vote through 投票通过
vote for/ against投票赞同/反对
vote to do sth 投票决定做某事
Did you vote for or against her？ 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？
He was voted the most promising new director. 他当选为最有前途的新导演。
The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3. 这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。
We’ll vote to decide whether to carry out the plan. 我们将投票决定是否要执行这个计划。
escape
【原句回放】It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。
【点拨】escape vi. 逃跑，逃脱；逃避（常与from连用）
vt. 避开，避免
常用搭配：
escape from sth./sb. 从……中逃脱/走；泄露
escape (doing) sth. 逃避（做）某事
escape punishment/being punished 避免惩罚/受罚
sth. escape sb. 被忘记，未被注意
A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了。
She longed to escape from her mother’s domination. 她渴望摆脱母亲的操纵。
Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄个洞让水排出。
He narrowly escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。
His name escapes me for the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字来。
How can we escape observation / being observed？ 我们怎样才不会被人发现？
【拓展】escape n. 逃走，逃脱；逃脱的手段
a narrow/near escape死里逃生 fire escape 太平梯，安全梯；安全出口
reward
【原句回放】….were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks. ……是我为争取黑人的权利而工作了一生的酬劳。
【点拨】
1. reward n. [C] [U] 报酬，奖励
常用搭配：
a cash reward 现金回报
in reward for = in return for 作为对……的回报
He got a reward for helping them. 他因帮助他们而得到了报酬。
He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。
I don’t expect anything in reward；I did it because I enjoyed it.
我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。
(2018 北京高考) Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth tasking．有时我们认定一点不必要的危险是值得的，因为当我们衡量危险与报酬时，危险似乎值得冒一下。
2. reward vt. 奖励/赏
常用搭配：
reward sb. with sth, 用……奖励……
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因为……奖励……
She rewarded him with a smile. 她向他报之一笑。
His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started.
他那些力气没有白费，汽车终于启动了。
Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded.
凡提供线索有助于寻回该画者可获报酬。
【拓展】rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的
a rewarding experience/job 有益的经历/工作
beg
【原句回放】All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. 那段时间，我的妻儿不得不从亲戚朋友处求得食物和帮助。
【点拨】beg vt & .vi. 乞求，恳求，请求（变分词时要双写g加-ed和-ing）
常用搭配：
beg for sth (from sb.) （向某人)恳求……
beg sb to do sth 恳请某人做某事
beg to do sth 恳请做某事
The boy begged for money from passers-by. 那个男孩从路人那里讨钱。
He begged to watch the match. 他恳求要看那场比赛。
He begged his teacher to forgive him. 他恳请老师原谅他。
【拓展】beggar n. 乞丐
found
【原句回放】He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years’ fighting. 许多年的斗争后，他建立了中国的第一个共和国。
【点拨】found vt. 建立，创立 （过去式和过去分词都是founded）
注意：found常用于表示创建国家、组织、机构、学校等。
His family founded the college in 1895．
他的家族于1895年创办了这所学院。
The Sun, which was founded in 1964，is the most successful of the popular newspapers．
《太阳报》，创办于1964年，是流行报中最成功的报纸。
【拓展】find发现，找到（过去式、过去分词：found）
sentence
【原句回放】sentenced to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws 因为鼓励暴力反黑人法律而被判处五年苦役
【点拨】sentence n. vt. 判决，宣判，判刑
常见结构：be sentenced to 被判处（to是介词）
注意：原句是省略句，省略了He was。
The young man was sentenced to death for murder.
那个年轻人因为谋杀被判处死刑。
The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.
法官判决他三年监禁。
a light / heavy sentence 轻判/重判
【拓展】sentence n. 句子
make a sentence 造句
重点短语
out of work
【原句回放】..., and I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我担忧我是否会失业。
【点拨】out of work (= out of a job) 失业
He’s been out of work for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。
Hundreds were thrown out of work. 数以百计的人失去了工作。
【拓展】含out of的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance 失去平衡
out of reach 够不着 out of date/fashion 过时
out of control 失去控制 out of sight 看不见
out of danger 脱离危险 out of order 出故障
out of business 破产；歇业 out of repair 失修
out of date 过时 out of patience 失去耐心
out of the question 不可能的 out of question 毫无疑问
out of temper 发脾气 out of mind 心不在焉
Out of sight, out of mind. [谚] 眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)
It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities.
他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。
stop...from doing...
【原句回放】He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. 他说他们不应该被剥夺为学位而学习的权利。
【点拨】stop...from doing... 阻止……做……
The heavy snow stopped him from coming to our party.
大雪使他未能前来参加我们的宴会。
【拓展】类似短语
keep/prevent/discourage sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
He prevented the villagers from cutting trees. 他阻止村民砍树。
Nothing can keep me from doing that. 没有什么能够阻止我做那件事。
set up
【原句回放】 ...set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg. ……建立法律事务所以帮助约翰内斯堡的贫穷的黑人。
【点拨】set up 建立，设立（机构、组织等）；摆放，竖起
set up a flag 竖起旗帜
set up a new record 创了新纪录
set up a class to help poor readers 办一个班来帮助阅读能力差的学生
Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。
【拓展】含set的短语
set about (doing ) sth. 开始某工作，着手做某事
set aside 把……放一边；节省/保留（钱/时间）；不理会/不顾
set down 让……下车；写下，记下
set off 动身，启程；使爆炸
set out 动身，出发；安排/摆放；陈述/宣布
set out to do sth 开始做某事
in trouble
【原句回放】Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. 当伊莱亚斯处于困境中时，他去拜访了曼德拉。
【点拨】in trouble 在危险，受罚，痛苦，忧虑等的处境中
对比：get into trouble 惹上麻烦
You are not the only one in trouble. 你不是唯一不幸的人。
It’s unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
嘲笑哪些陷入困境中的人是不道德的。
He has got into /is in trouble. We must help him.
【拓展1】相关短语
make trouble 制造麻烦
ask for trouble 自找麻烦
take the trouble to do sth.不怕费事/困难尽力做某事
have trouble (in) doing sth./ with sth. 在……方面有困难
【拓展2】含in的短语
in danger 在危险中 in peace 和平
in control 被控制 in silence 沉默
in turn 依次，逐个地 in return 作为……的回报/付款
in surprise 吃惊地 in detail 详细地
in charge 处于控制/支配……的地位
turn to
【原句回放】Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉改用暴力以求得黑人和白人的平等？
【点拨】turn to 转向；求助于（to是介词）
He turned to me for help. 他向我求助。
She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助无门。
Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to turn to.
似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。
Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.
保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。
【拓展】含turn的短语
turn around/round 转身 turn down 调低；拒绝
turn off 关掉 turn up 调大；出现，露面
turn out 结果是，证明是；培养，生产；熄灭
turn sth. inside out 把里面翻作外面
The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought. 这份工作结果比我们想象的更难。
Why did she turn down your invitation? 她为什么拒绝你的邀请？
blow up
【原句回放】Elias was willing to blow up government buildings. 伊莱亚斯愿意去炸毁政府大楼。
【点拨1】blow up 使充气，爆炸
A balloon expands when it is blown up. 气球充气时会变大。
They threatened to blow up the plane if their demands were not met.
如果他们的要求不被满足，他们威胁要炸毁飞机。
He drove over a landmine and his jeep blew up. 他开车撞上了地雷，吉普车爆炸了。
【拓展】blow (blew, blown) （风）吹，吹起，刮（风），（使）爆炸
A cold wind blew from the east. 冷风从东边刮过来。
The policeman asked me to blow into the breathalyser. 警察让我向酒精测定仪中吹气。
She blew the dust off the book. 她把书上的灰尘吹了下去。
【点拨2】be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
I’m very willing to vote for the plan. 我很愿意为这个计划投票。
They keep a list of people who are willing to work nights.
他们留着一份愿意晚上工作的人员名单。
重点句型
The first/ next/ last... to do....
【原句回放】He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 他是在1969年7月登上月球的第一人。
【点拨】The first/ next/ last... to do... 第……做……
注意：
1. 原句中to land…是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰man。
2. 当被修饰的名词或代词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last等时，经常用不定式作后置定语。
Believe it or not, I was the last to arrive at school this morning.
信不信由你，今天早上我是最后一个到学校的。
What is the next thing to do according to the plan?
根据计划，下一步该做什么？
【拓展】相似句型比较：
It’s the first time that... 这是某人第一次做……
注意：此句型的从句只能用完成时，根据it后面的is或was来选择现在完成时还是过去完成时。
It’s the first time I have visited your hometown. 这是我第一次游览你的家乡。

地点或时间名词+see
【原句回放】The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去的30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【点拨】地点或时间名词+see
注意：
1. see在此句中意为“见证，目睹”，表示在某段时间内发生某情况，主语为时间。
2. 动词see, find, witness等主语有时不是人而是表示时间、地点的名词，这是拟人的修辞手法，可以使句子更加生动形象。
This old house has seen better days. 这座老房子曾有过风光的日子。
My hometown witnessed great changes. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
The last few months have seen more and more traffic accidents.
最近几个月交通事故越来越多。
Dusk found a boy crying in the street. 黄昏时一个男孩在街上哭。
【词语精讲句型分析】
stage所接的定语从句
【原句回放】… until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. …… 一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【点拨】stage所接的定语从句
注意：
1. 原句中where引导定语从句修饰前面的名词stage，此时stage意思是“阶段”。
2. 当point, stage, situation, case, scene等词作先行词，表示抽象地点，若在定语从句中作状语，常由where引导定语从句。
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?
你能想出一个能使用这个单词的场合吗？
Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.
她的病发展到了一个没人能治好的程度了。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where students fail to use the language properly.
今天我们会讨论许多学生不能恰当地使用这种语言的情况。
Their youngest child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他们最小的孩子处于一个能说个别词，而不能说完整句子的阶段。
3. 但是如果这些词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用that和which引导定语从句。
I don’t like the stage that the workers built in the gym.
我不喜欢工人们在体育馆里建的那个舞台。
way作先行词引导定语从句
【原句回放】We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed… 我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……
【点拨】way作先行词引导定语从句
1. way在定语从句中表示“用这种方式”时，后面跟定语从句的关系词有三种形式：in which, that或者省略关系词。
She was pleased with the way in which/that/-- he had accepted her criticism.
她对他接受她的批评的方式很高兴。
Do it the way you were taught. 要照教你的那样做。
2. way在后接的定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，只能用关系代词which/ that。如原文句子：
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. 首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律。
The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的方法非常简单。(the way在从句中作explained的宾语，可以省略)
only引导的部分倒装句
【原句回放】…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有在那时我们才决定以暴制暴。
【点拨】only后接状语并位于句首时，常引起句子的部分倒装，主要有如下形式：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只有那时我才意识到我错了。
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有通过努力工作你才能成功。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.
只有当一个人失去自由的时候才意识到它的宝贵。
注意：only+主语置于句首，该句不倒装。
Only five students have finished the homework on time. 只有5名学生按时完成了作业。
【拓展】使用部分倒装的几种情况：
1. 否定意义的副词或短语，如never, seldom, little, hardly, in no way 等位于句首时；
2. Not only…but also…, Hardly/Scarcely… when, No sooner…than, So/Such…that…等句型；表示“也， 也不”的so, neither, nor位于句首时；
3. 由连词as, however/no matter how等引导的让步状语从句，通常把表语提前。
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Only when the meeting began that he had left his papers in his office.
A. will he realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize
2. If you are willing to support Mr. Lee, you can _______ for him at the meeting tomorrow.
A. vote B. go C. wait D. care
3. All the people should be kept _______, though they are from different countries and aren’t in the same colors.
A. straight B. equal C. loose D. reliable
4. Our teacher often tells us that once in _________, we can call 110 to turn to the police for help.
A. future B. line C. trouble D. agreement
5. Rick’s father was a old man who wasn’t willing to spend a penny on his sons.
A. generous B. kind C. selfless D. mean
6. The man who attacked and hurt 29 children and three teachers at the nursery school in Taixing was to death.
A. made B. caused C. killed D. sentenced
7. Mr. Black decided to give up his farm and devoted all his time to ______ those homeless children.
A. help B. helping C. be helping D. being helped
8. (2018 浙江温州中学期末) Whoever provides useful evidence for the crime will be ______ with 5000 yuan.
A. awarded B. reward C. offered D. supplied
9. A special expert team has already been to make close research on the wildlife and its protection.
A. built up B. picked up C. set up D. taken up
10. The traffic accidents this year in this city may last year’s record of 385.
A. escape B. attack C. equal D. found
11. It is the fifth time that the students in that college our school.
A. have visited B. visited C. were visiting D. had visited
12. —I’m too tired. I want to give up.
—If you don’t _________, you’ll win in the end.
A. calm down B. lose heart C. take care D. cheer up
13. Courage is one of the best ______ of a good soldier.
A. quality B. quantity C. qualification D. feature
14. You were lucky to escape ______.
A. punished B. from punishing C. being punished D. from being punished
15. When ______ great trouble, you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn ______ for advice.
A. in; down B. in; to C. into; up D. under; to
16. Only ______ as an interpreter ______ how important it was to practice speaking English.
A. when I worked; I realized B. when did I work; did I realize
C. when I work; did I realize D. when I worked; did I realize
17. I believe that all people are born _______. The black_________ the same rights.
A. equal; has B. equal; have C. equally; has D. equally; have
18. That’s the best way you thought of _____ tired of study.
A. preventing students from getting B. keeping students from getting
C. to stop students getting D. to protect students getting
19. (2018 北京朝阳期末）They are always ________ to offer their help when we are in trouble.
A. willing B. interested C. hurried D. honoured
20. —How long have you been _______ now? (2018 北京朝阳期末）
—Three months, and I have been trying to find a job as a cook.
A. in danger B. on holiday C. out of work D. in trouble
二、根据括号中的提示填空。
1. ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ (事实上), I don’t want all of you to be ____ ____ (有麻烦).
2. (2018 宁夏银川一中期末) He ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (已经被判处死刑) because the evidence is enough.
3. John wanted to give 100 yuan _____ ______ ______ (作为报酬) to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.
4. If you fail, you shouldn’t ____ _____ (灰心).
5. When he ____ ____ _____ (上台执政), he did all he could to help those poor people.
6. She remains ____ ____ (活跃在) politics in her sixties.
7. They fell in love ____ ____ ____ (第一次) they saw each other.
8. He has ______ most of his time _____ painting. (他把大部分时间用于绘画。)
9. The changes of quantity cause the ____ ____ _____. (量变引起质变。)
10. Women are ____ ____ men. (男女平等。)
三、句子翻译
1. 谁也不理解为什么这个杀人犯没有被判处死刑。（sentence）
2. 我一旦确定了一个目标，就不会轻易放弃。（set up）
3. 不管你什么时候遇到麻烦，你都可以来找我。（in trouble）
4. 我永远也不会忘记我登上黄山的那一天。（使用定语从句）
5. 我用来写我的第一部作品的那只笔再也没有找到。（使用定语从句）
6. (2018 浙江温州中学期末) 任何人考试作弊都逃避不了惩罚。
四、句子改错
1. I'll never forget August, 8th, 2008 what the world’s eyes were on Beijing, China.
2. It was August, 8th, 2008 that the Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
3. During the World War II many people were put in the prison.
4. The necklace from that Mathilde borrowed from her friend Jeane was lost ten years ago.
5. The reason that he was late was that he was caught in the traffic jam.
6. The reason why he explained was that he was caught in the traffic jam.
7. Only then he realized that he made a big mistake.
8. Don’t lose your heart in face of difficulty.
9. We are living in an age where many new things appear every day.
10. He has been out of work a week ago.
答案解析
一、 单项选择
1. C。only修饰状语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故B项可以排除。又根据语境可知用过去时，故选C项。
2. A。句意：如果你想支持李先生，明天可以在会上投他一票。vote for表示“投票；选举某人”，符合题意。go for 喜爱；支持，拥护；wait for 等待，等候；care for 照料，照顾。
3. B。句意：虽然人们来自不同的国家，肤色不同，但应受到平等对待。equal“平等的”，符合题意。straight“直接；挺直”；loose“松的；松开的”；reliable“可信赖的，可靠的”。
4. C。句意：老师经常告诉我们，一旦遇到麻烦，可以打110向警察求助。in trouble 表示“处于麻烦中”，符合题意。in future 在将来，在未来；in line 排队；in agreement 意见一致。
5. D。根据who wasn’t willing to spend a penny on his sons可知，Rick的父亲是位吝啬的老人。mean意为“吝啬的”；generous 慷慨的；kind 好心的；selfless 无私的，忘我的，故选D。
6. D。be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)。句意：攻击并伤害了泰兴幼儿园的29个孩子、3个老师的那个人被判处了死刑。
7. B。devote...to是固定搭配，其中to为介词，后常跟名词或动词ing形式，故选B项。
8.B。 句意：无论谁提供了那个罪案的有用的证据，都会被给予5000元的酬金。award 授予，奖给；reward 报酬，报答，酬谢；offer 提供，提议；supply 供给，向……提供（物资等）。根据句意，应选B，强调“作为酬谢而给”。
9. C。句意：一个专门的专家组已经建立以对野生动植物及其保护进行深入研究。build up逐步建立；增进；增强；pick up 捡起；拾起；set up 建立；创立；take up 开始从事；占据。根据句意，C为正确答案。
10. C。句意为：今年这个城市的交通事故次数可能达到去年385次的记录。equal表示“等于”，符合句意。escape 逃跑；attack 攻击；found 建立。
11. A。It is the first (second/third...) time...that...是固定句型，意为“是第一(二/三……)次……”。该句型中that从句用现在完成时。
12. B。lose heart丧失勇气和信心，符合句意“别泄气，你最终会胜利的”。calm down镇定下来；take care小心，当心；cheer up振作起来。
13. A。指“品质”用quality。quantity 数量；C.资格；D.特色，特征。
14. C。escape being punished＝escape punishment 逃过受罚。
15. B。in trouble 处在困难中；turn to sb. for sth. 向某人请求某物/事。句意：有麻烦而没有人可以求得建议时，你应该学会迅速做出选择。
16. D。当only出现在句首修饰时间状语从句时，主句应用部分倒装。
17. B。第一空考查形容词作状语，表示人出生时的状态是平等的；the black黑人，指一类人，看作复数，谓语用复数形式。
18. C。you thought of 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词way; way后面常接不定式或of短语，故可排除A和B项，另由语境可知应是“防止学生学习疲倦”，故答案为C。句意：那是你想出的防止学生学习疲倦的最佳方法。
19. A。句意：当我们有麻烦时，他们总是愿意提供帮助。be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事。be honoured to do… 被给予做某事的荣誉。所以选A。
20. C。从下文“我一直设法找到一份做厨师的工作”可知问句是在问“现在失业多长时间了？”be out of work失业；on holiday 度假；in danger 处于危险中；in trouble 处于麻烦中。
21. B。句意：因为太忙，汤姆不得不回绝了上周末聚会的邀请。根据句意，选B。turn in 上交；turn down 拒绝；turn over 移交，反转；turn to 转向，救助于。
22.B。 句意：无论谁提供了那个罪案的有用的证据，都会被给予5000元的酬金。award 授予，奖给；reward 报酬，报答，酬谢；offer 提供，提议；supply 供给，向……提供（物资等）。根据句意，应选B，强调“作为酬谢而给”。
二、根据括号中的提示填空。
1. As a matter of fact, in trouble. 2. has been sentenced to death
3. as a reward 4. lose heart
5. came to power. 6. active in
7. the first time. 8. devoted......to
9. changes of quality 10. equal to
三、句子翻译
1. No one could understand why the murderer was not sentenced to death.
2. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.
3. Whenever you are in trouble, you can turn to me for help.
4. I will never forget the day when (on which) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.
5. The pen with which I had written my first work was never found.
6. Anyone who cheats in the exam can't escape being punished.
四、句子改错
1. what—when 2. that—when或者August改成in August
3. the prison—prison 4. 去掉第一个from
5. that—why 6. why—that
7. he realized—did he realize 8. 去掉your
9. where—when 10 has been out of work—lost his work