Lesson 8 A Universe of Thought 同步练习（含答案）

Lesson 8　A Universe of Thought
Ⅰ.根据课文内容，完成下面表格
单词
1.解决________　　 2.先锋________
3.universe________ 4.lifetime________
5.relativity________ 6.nuclear________
7.weapon________ 8.conclusion________
9.false________ 10.theory________
短语
1.(婉辞)去世________________
2.相对论________________
3.继续________________
4.犯错误________________
5.放弃________________
6.诺贝尔奖________________
7.在……领域________________
8.因……而出名________________
句型
1.在爱因斯坦的一生中，他思考宇宙(的奥秘)并解决了许多物理学难题。
________ his lifetime, Einstein ________ ________ the universe and ________ many problems in physics.
2.这封信呼吁人们放弃核武器。
The letter asked people ________ ________ ________ nuclear weapons.
3.重要的事情是不要停止发问。
The important thing is ________ ________ ________ ________.
4.你用你的头脑做什么？
What do you ________ ________ your mind？
Ⅱ.根据课文内容，完成短文
Einstein 1.________ born in Germany in 1879. During his lifetime, he 2.________ about the universe and 3.________ many problems in physics. He is most famous for his Theory of 4.________. In 1905, he began to write articles and became a 5.________ in the 6.________ of modern physics. He 7.________ the Nobel Prize in 1921.He said, “The important thing is not to 8.________ questioning.” He 9.________ Germany in 1933. Einstein died in 1955. He told people to give up 10.________ weapons.
Ⅲ.根据句意及所给提示，写出单词的正确形式
1．We all know a c________ means a hundred years.
2．Li Dazhao was a p________ of the Chinese revolution(革命)．
3．After I finish university, my hope is ________(go) abroad soon.
4．Einstein ________ in 1955. Before his ________， he signed his last letter.(die)
5．How about ________(solve) that problem in another way?
Ⅳ.单项填空
(　　)1.After I had breakfast, I went on ________ my report.
A．written B．write
C．wrote D．to write
(　　)2.Li Lin was very sad because his grandma ________ last week.
A．went away B．went out
C．passed away D．walked out
(　　)3.—Do you mind my ________ on the light?
—Of course not.
A．turn B．to turn
C．turning D．turns
(　　)4.—________ do you do with your old books?
—I've no idea. ________ I'll sell them.
A．What; Maybe B．How; May be
C．What; May be D．How; Maybe
(　　)5.Xi'an is famous ________ Silk Road and its Walled City.
A．for　 B．as
C．in　 D．to
Ⅴ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1．老师告诉我任何时候都不要停止学习。
The teacher told me ________ ________ ________ ________ at any time.
2．爱因斯坦在近代物理学领域非常出色。
Einstein was excellent ________ ________ ________ ________ modern physics.
3．宋祖英作为歌手而出名。
Song Zuying ________ ________ ________ a singer.
4. 昨天当他做实验的时候，他犯了一个错误。
He ________ ________ ________ when he was doing the experiment yesterday.
5．雷锋一生中做了许多好事。
Lei Feng did many good things ________ ________ ________．
Ⅵ.完形填空
In 1896, 17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met Marits, a girl from Hungary(匈牙利). They studied in the same class and soon fell in love with__1__. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he__2__ Marits.
After the marriage, Einstein__3__ himself to the research of the great Theory of Relativity. To help her husband, Marits__4__ her own work, and became a good wife and assistant. She tried her best to encourage him. She was sure that her husband would__5__. They often discussed the theory while__6__ outside or sitting together in the room.
In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin(柏林). At that time, Einstein's theory proved to be correct and he became__7__ all over the world. Marits was very__8__ her husband.But it was not long before World War Ⅰhappened. Marits and her two sons were__9__ holiday in Switzerland, and couldn't come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einstein's work but also broke up(破坏) his warm, happy__10__. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had to get divorced.
(　　)1.A.other　 B．others
C．the other D．each other
(　　)2.A.met B．forgot
C．married D．left
(　　)3.A.gave B．helped
C．enjoyed D．devoted
(　　)4.A.put up B．gave up
C．looked up D．picked up
(　　)5.A.succeed B．success
C．successful D．successfully
(　　)6.A.walked B．walking
C．went D．going on
(　　)7.A.happy B．pleased
C．excited D．famous
(　　)8.A.proud of B．mad at
C．famous as D．worried about
(　　)9.A.in B．at
C．on D．for
(　　)10.A.house B．neighbourhood
C．family D．bedroom
Ⅶ.[2018·沈阳]阅读理解
Cai Lun invented paper around 2，000 years ago in China. It is an important invention. Before the invention of paper, people had to remember lots of information or write it on stone, wood, leaves, etc.
Today everyone in the world uses paper. With paper, we can make books and print newspapers. Sharing information is a lot easier with the help of paper.
People use paper every day. Students do homework and keep a diary on paper. Paper is a great invention.
Alan Turing was born in London, England, in 1912. He attended Cambridge University from 1931 to 1934. Turing was a mathematician(数学家) and a computer scientist. Many people called Turing the father of computer science. He created the first design(设计) for a modern computer.
Turing wanted to know if a machine could think for itself and trick someone into believing they were having a conversation with another person. This became known as the Turing test. In the test, a human talked to two other people through a computer. One was a machine, and the other was a person. This idea is still used today.
(　　)1.When was paper invented by Cai Lun?
A．Around 2，000 years ago.
B．About 200 years ago.
C．Around 1，000 years ago.
D．About 100 years ago.
(　　)2.People can do the following things with paper EXCEPT ________．
A．sharing information
B．printing newspapers
C．having the Turing test
D．making books
(　　)3.Many people considered Alan Turing to be ________．
A．the inventor of printing
B．the father of modern education
C．the inventor of paper
D．the father of computer science
(　　)4.In order to have the test, Turing needed ________．
A．three people, one computer and a machine
B．two people, one computer and a machine
C．two people, two computer and a machine
D．one person, one computer and a machine
(　　)5.From the passage, we know Cai Lun's invention and Turing's idea are ________．
A．hard to accept
B．not used any more
C．unknown to people
D．still used today

教师详解详析
本课教学资源
素材一　新课导入设计
导入一　名人名言(爱因斯坦)(利用多媒体展示)
1. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.
一个从不犯错误的人，一定从来没有尝试过任何新鲜事物。
2. Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them.智者解决问题；天才预防问题。
3. Science is a wonderful thing if one does not have to earn one's living at it.
科学是一个美妙的东西——如果无须靠它维生的话。
4．The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.
世界上最让人难以理解的东西就是个人所得税。
5. I am convinced that God does not play dice.
我确信上帝不玩赌博游戏。
6. Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.
现实不过是幻象，尽管这幻象挥之不去。
7. I never think of the future. It comes soon enough.
我从不去想未来。因为它来得已经够快的了。
8．The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.
妨碍我学习的唯一障碍就是我的教育。
9. Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.
宇宙中唯有两件事物是无法衡量的：宇宙的大小与人的愚蠢。我不能确定的是宇宙的大小。
10. I know not with what weapons World War Ⅲ will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.
我不知道第三次世界大战会用哪些武器，但第四次世界大战中人们肯定用的是木棍和石块。
导入二　小故事
One day, a young man asked Albert Einstein, a great scientist, what the secret(秘诀) of success was. The scientist told him that the secret of success was hard work. A few days later the young man asked him the same question again. Einstein was very angry. He did not say anything, but wrote a few words on a piece of paper and handed it to the young man.The young man looked at the piece of paper. It read: A＝X＋Y＋Z.“What does this mean？” asked the young man.“A means success，” answered the old scientist. “X means hard work, Y means good methods(方法), and Z…Z means stopping talking and starting to work.”
素材二　课堂活动案例
活动一
三人一组复述课文内容。
活动二
教师将课文中的关键词语展示出来，让学生分组围绕关键词语每人说出一句话，最后把课文复述出来。
素材三　新课教学方法
1．教学方法
(1)情景教学法：教师利用多媒体展示爱因斯坦的生平，同时预习本课中的生词。
(2)合作学习法：学生分组表述课文中爱因斯坦的早年生活、任教情况和他的一些名言。
(3)任务型教学法：布置任务，让学生们从文中找出表达爱因斯坦生平事迹的主要语句。
2．学习方法
联想对比记忆法：针对词和词组，启发学生运用记忆技巧。
Jay Chou is famous as a singer.
Jay Chou is famous for his song Shuangjiegun.
更多备课资源：word版电子教案、匹配的课件，详见云资源。
教师详解详析
Ⅰ.单词：1.solve　2.pioneer　3.宇宙；万象
4．一生；终生　5.相对性　6.核能的
7．武器　8.结论　9.错误的；假的
10．理论；学说
短语：1.pass away　
2．Theory of Relativity
3．go on
4．make a mistake/make mistakes
5．give up　6.the Nobel Prize
7．in the field of　8.be famous for
句型：1.During; thought about; solved
2．to give up
3．not to stop questioning　
4．do with
Ⅱ.1.was　2.thought　3.solved
4．Relativity　5.pioneer　6.field
7．received　8.stop　9.left　10.nuclear
Ⅲ.1. century　2. pioneer　3. to go
4．died; death　5.solving　
Ⅳ.1.D　2.C
3．C　mind sb. doing sth.意为“介意某人做某事”。
4．A　5.A
Ⅴ.1.not to stop studying　2.in the field of
3．is famous as　4.made a mistake
5．during his lifetime
Ⅵ.1—5　DCDBA　6—10　BDACC
Ⅶ.1.A
2．C　细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句“With paper, we can make books, print newspapers. Sharing information is a lot easier with the help of paper. ”可知选C。
3．D　细节理解题。由第四段倒数第二句“Many people called Turing the father of computer science.”可知选D。
4．B　细节理解题。由最后一段倒数第二、三句“In the test, a human talked to two other people through a computer. One was a machine, and the other was a person.”可知选B。
5．D　细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Today everyone in the world uses paper.”及最后一段最后一句“This idea is still used today.”可知选D。