人教版高一英语必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes课文讲解学案

Unit4 Earthquake
课文重点知识分析讲解
1. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.
(1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上
Did you hear what happened _________ David last night?
(2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened ______________(see) Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.
(3)It (so) happened that…碰巧......It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.
countryside 高考链接（2015课标）
1）Now I am living in a city but I miss my home in countryside. (改错)
2. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.
积累：rise—rose—risen fall—fell—fallen
rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。
eg: 1.The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点种升起。
rise(vi.) （河水，物价等）上涨；提高；起身
eg: 1.The river is_______________(rise) after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。
2.Prices have _________(rise) steadily during the past decade. 过去十年间物价一直在平稳地上涨。
区分： raise(vt.) 抬起，举起
eg: 1.He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
raise(vt.) 提高；提出；增加
With his head___________(抬头)， he listened attentively.
raise(vt.) 抚养；饲养
eg: 1.She raised a lot of chickens. 她养了许多鸡。
raise(vt ) 筹集， 募捐 raise/ collect money 筹钱
3. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能" eg: He is too old to work.
但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:
⑴ “never / not too …to”这一结构意思是“不太……所以能……”。双重否定表示肯定意义。
　　One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
　　It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。
(2)当too 修饰 happy, surprised, glad 等情感动词时“too…to…”结构不再表示否定意义，而是表示肯定意义。too相当于very，意思是“非常；十分”。例如：
　　I am only too glad to become a member of you. 我非常高兴成为你们中的一员。
　　We are but too eager to receive your invitation. 我们极渴望接到你们的邀请。
(3)与cannot连用时.不再表示否定意义，而是表示肯定意义，意思是“越……越好；无论……也/都不过分”。例如：
　　You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。
eg: You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.
翻译：“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grate magazine for grandparents.（2016高考）
你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).
常考题型： 1. The question is too difficult that I can’t work it out. (改错)
2. The boy is so young to lift so big a stone.
4. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
1) run out of the fields 跑出田野 2）looking for… 在句子中做_______________
常考题型：
1. The boy jumped out bed and pulled on his coat.
2. My teacher entered the classroom, ___________ (hold) many books under his arm.
5. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内,有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
burst(v.) （使）爆炸；胀破，爆破
eg: 1.Water-pipes often _____________(爆裂) in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
拓展：
（1）burst into sth. 突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物
eg: burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来
burst into anger 勃然大怒
（2）burst out (+ doing) 突然开始做某事
eg: burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来
6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
1）think little of 不放在心上；看扁，轻视
eg: 1.Most people thought little of the 8-year-old boy. In fact, they were wrong.
大多数人小看了这个8岁的男孩。事实上，他们错了。
拓展：think well / highly of 高度评价/赞扬
think poorly / badly of 认为......很差；对......评价很低
另外：think of ... as ... 把...... 认为是......
eg: I thought of him as my best friend. However, he treated me as an enemy.
2）that night 那天晚上 前面无介词，无冠词。同类用法： this morning, last week, next week等
常考题型：eg: He went to work earlier in this morning. (改错)
7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。1）at an end 结束，终结 = finished，为固定短语，在句中常作表语。
eg: The war was _______________________. 战争结束了。
辨析：(熟读例句，理解用法)
at the end (of) 在......的尽头；在......的结束，可表时间或空间。
eg: 1.At the end of the street, you'll find a supermarket. 在大街的尽头，你会看见一家超市。
in the end 最后，终于 = at last，不能和of连用。
eg: He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded.他多次努力，最后终于成功了。
by the end of 到......末为止，到......结束时，通常和完成时连用。
eg: 1.How many words had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止，你们已学习多少个单词了？ 2.We'll have finished the work by the end of this month.到本月底我们将完成这项工作。
It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。
eg: It seemed that he didn't notice this. 看起来他好象没注意这件事。
It seemed 后还常跟as if从句。如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一致，则保持正常时态。
eg: 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if it's going to rain.
有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了。（是事实，不用虚拟）
2.She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother.
她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲。（事实上不是，与现在事实相反）
8. Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.（划分该句的成分）
9. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away.
此句子为____________________ 从句
常考题型：It was felt in Beijing, ________ is the capital of China.
It was felt in Beijing, ________ people felt frightened that night.
away: 表示距离的远 （有具体距离没有far, 有far没有具体距离）
常见题型： eg: The supermarket is three blocks far away from my home.(改错)
10. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. （品味句子，划分成分）
11. Hard hills became rivers of dirt. (尝试翻译)________________________________________________
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. __________________________________________
12. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
1） (lie—lay—lain 处于保留某种状态)
eg: Snow was lying thick on the ground.
2) ruin(n.) U 毁坏，毁灭；灭亡 eg: The war brought ruin to the country. 战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。
C 废墟；遗迹 eg: The school is in ruins. 那所学校已成废墟。
注意：ruin表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语 in ruins，意为“严重受损；破败不堪”。
eg: His career lies in ruins. 他已事业尽毁。
ruin(v.) 毁坏，毁灭；使破产 有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比喻的意思。
eg: The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火焚毁了图书馆的藏书。
I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司弄得倾家荡产。
13.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
(1)thousands of 意为“成千上万的..”，指不确切的数量。如果要表示准确的数量，thousand前面加数字,不变复数形式，后面不接of，直接跟复数名词。具有相同用法的还有:million, hundred, dozen, score等。
(2)修饰语是some, many, several等表示不确定的数量词时，则dozen, hundred等常用复数形式，且要加of. some dozens of people several hundreds of persons
文中数词：75 percent of ….. tens of thousands of….. half a million…
常考题型：(改错)
1. 75 percents of the students is going to go abroad.
2. Ten thousand of factories were destroyed in the earthquake.
14. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
eg: The number of private cars _____ have been bought in the last five years ____(be) increasing rapidly.
拓展： a large number of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数
eg: Such a large number of people died because they didn’t know what the strange events meant.
15. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
instead of “代替，而不是” (后接名词，代词，动名词，介词短语等，但不能接句子）
eg. Give me the red one instead of the green one.
instead 是副词，在句子单独作状语，置于句首时，意为“相反地”。
16. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
（1）wonder(vt. / vi) “感到惊奇，感到好奇”；“不知道，想知道”
wonder可构成句型：I wonder if ...是一种用来委婉客气地提出请求或征求对方许可的表达方式。
eg: I wonder if you could show us how to get to the station.不知您能否告诉我们到车站怎么走。
wonder(n.) U 惊奇，惊叹，惊异
eg: They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。
C 令人感到惊叹的事物；奇观，奇迹
eg: the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇迹
拓展：
It is a wonder that ... 令人惊奇的是......；莫名其妙的是......
eg: It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storey building.
他从一幢十层楼的大厦的屋顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是奇迹。
It is no wonder that ... 难怪......；......不足为奇(或 No wonder that…)
eg: She has been studying hard. _______ is no wonder_______ she always takes the first place.
她学习一直很刻苦，她总是得第一不足为奇。
17. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。
all, both, everyone, everybody, everything ,always以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。如：① Both of them haven’t read this story._____________________________。② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
________________________________________
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. _______________________________
④ He doesn’t always finish the work on time. __________________________________
18. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
be trapped in 陷入困境 They were trapped in the burning building.
bury 埋葬，掩埋 be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于
the dead 死者，表示一类人。形容词前加the常用来表示一类人或一类东西。谓语动词用复数
eg: the rich 富人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人 the deaf 聋人
19. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
shelter(n.) 遮蔽；庇护，常与from搭配使用。
eg: 1.They took shelter from the rain under a big tree. 他们在一棵大树下避雨。
2.The high fence gives us some shelter from the wind.这道高栅栏给我们挡住了风。
遮蔽物；避难所，收容所
eg: 1.a bus shelter 候车亭
2.Many of the children in the shelter are orphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。
shelter(vt.) = protect shelter sb/sth from sb/sth 给某人/某物提供庇护处；保护
eg: The wall sheltered us from the wind. 墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹。
shelter(vi.) 躲避；避难
eg: 1.Where can we shelter from the rain? 我们到哪儿避雨呢？
2.They sheltered from the sun under a tree.他们在树底下乘凉。