课时作业(八) Unit 2 English around the world
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.将下面的直接引语变为间接引语
1．“Go to bed at the same time every night，” the doctor said to me.
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： The doctor told me to go to bed at the same time every night.
2．My father said to me，“Don’t drink and drive.”
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： My father told me not to drink and drive.
3．“Please post the letter for me on your way to school，Mary，” said Tom.
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： Tom asked Mary to post the letter for him on her way to school.
4．He said to the girl，“Go away！”
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： He ordered the girl to go away.
5．“Could you call back later？” the secretary asked Mike.
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： The secretary asked Mike to call back later.
6．My mother said to me，“Please turn on the computer.”
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： My mother asked me to turn on the computer.
7．The teacher said，“Don’t make so much noise，boys.”
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： The teacher asked the boys not to make so much noise.
8．Tony said to them，“Be careful when you stop your cars.”
→________________________________________________________________________
答案： Tony told them to be careful when they stop their cars.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The English language has a lot of words which can be used in many different ways and in many different expressions.
One such example is the word matter.In fact，matter can mean just about anything.It could be one of the most useful words in the English language.
Let’s get to the heart of the matter—a matter of principle (原则)．
If someone says that you owe (欠) him $50，but you don’t，a friend might say，“Well，you could pay him the $50.It’s not that much money.Then you won’t have to hear him say it anymore.” But if you do not owe him the money，do not pay him the money.It’s a matter of principle.
There is another way to use the word matter.But be careful with your choice of words.
If you ask someone，“What’s the matter？”，it shows you are worried about the other person.But saying，“What’s the matter with you？” has a completely different meaning.And it usually sounds rude (粗鲁的)．In fact，when you say，“What’s the matter with you？”，you are suggesting that the person did something wrong or stupid.
Another expression that could sound rude is to say，“It doesn’t matter to me.” Here，it depends on the context，and how you say it.
Let’s say you tell someone that a friend just got a big raise at work.That person answers with，“It doesn’t matter to me.”Here，it means he or she does not care.And it sounds rude.
But saying，“Oh，you pick where we eat dinner.It doesn’t matter to me.” does not sound rude.In this situation，“it doesn’t matter” shows you are easy-going (随和的)．
No matter how you look at it and what you say，matter is a very useful word.And it’s only a matter of time before you will become an expert on the use of matter.
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了matter一词的诸多用法。
1．We can infer from the text that the word matter________.
A．has a wide use
B．can mean money
C．is the most used English word
D．has the most different expressions
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一、二段的描述可知，matter一词用法很广。
答案： A
2．What is the author’s suggestion in Paragraph 4?
A．Every penny counts.
B．Stick to what is right.
C．Follow your friend’s advice.
D．Be careful when making friends.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的But if you do not owe him the money，do not pay him the money.It’s a matter of principle可推测，作者认为钱的数目不重要，重要的是原则问题。因此他觉得在对的事情上要坚持自己的立场，不要轻易作出让步或改变。
答案： B
3．The underlined word “context” in the text probably means________.
A．choice B．person
C．situation D．answer
解析： 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二、三段举例说明It doesn’t matter to me在不同的语境意思不同可知，该表达取决于上下文语境，故选situation。
答案： C
4．The author develops the text mainly by________.
A．using examples
B．giving instructions
C．describing his experiences
D．discussing research findings
解析： 写作手法题。根据文中用不同的例子来讲解matter的用法可知，作者主要是通过举例来展开全文的。
答案： A
Ⅲ.完形填空
Every day，more than one billion people connect with each other using social media (社交媒体)．The main positive effect (积极的效果) of social media is also its__1__：connection.Modern life can be very__2__.Many people work long hours.Other people live far away from family and friends in__3__cities or countries.And it can be __4__to stay connected with the people that are important to us.With social media，people everywhere can__5__with each other.
It can also help people make new friends.Often，these are friends they would not have met __6__social media.Suppose you have a very special interest.__7__，you would not meet very many people who __8__your interest！But through social media，you can __9__people all over the world with the same interest.
Social media can also help people __10__news about big world events.This lets people all over the world act more__11__.This is very true when an earthquake breaks out.
It is__12__that social media has many positive effects.But some scientists __13__people that it can also be harmful (有害的)．Often，when people put things on social media，they only __14__the best things about their lives.They __15__the fun things they are doing or show pictures that make them look__16__.So，when people look at these things，they are only seeing__17__of their friends’ lives.This can make them feel less__18__with their own lives.And，they can begin to feel envy (嫉妒) __19__their friends’ lives look so perfect.
Anyway，social media has become a part of human life.You can use it or not use it as much as you __20__.But we may need to think more carefully about how we use it and how it makes us feel.
语篇解读 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体的利与弊。
1．A.interest B．purpose
C．chance D．method
解析： 根据该空后的connection以及该段接下来具体介绍社交媒体将世界各地的人连接在一起可知，社交媒体的主要好处也是其“目的(purpose)”所在。
答案： B
2．A.busy B．short
C．cool D．strange
解析： 根据下一句Many people work long hours可知，现代生活很“忙碌(busy)”。
答案： A
3．A.beautiful B．large
C．different D．expensive
答案： C
4．A.difficult B．exciting
C．simple D．surprising
解析： 根据上文中的Other people live far away from family and friends可知，一些人远离家人和朋友，住在“别的(different)”城市或国家，因此，很“难(difficult)”和这些亲朋好友保持联系。
答案： A
5．A.work B．live
C．play D．connect
解析： 该段主要讲述社交媒体帮助人们保持联系，故填connect。该段中的connect，connection均为提示。
答案： D
6．A.except B．beside
C．without D．beyond
解析： 根据该空前的It can also help people make new friends和these are friends they would not have met可知，社交媒体还有助于人们结交新朋友。如果“不(without)”借助社交媒体，人们往往是不能遇到这些新朋友的。
答案： C
7．A.Usually B．Immediately
C．Recently D．Finally
答案： A
8．A.attract B．express
C．develop D．share
解析： 根据常识可知，“通常情况下(Usually)”，你不会遇到很多和你趣味“相投(share)”的人。
答案： D
9．A.discuss B．find
C．trust D．visit
解析： 根据该空前的But through social media和该空后的people all over the world with the same interest可知，有了社交媒体，你可以“遇到(find)”来自世界各地的和你有着相同兴趣爱好的人。
答案： B
10．A.make B．spread
C．use D．control
解析： 根据下一句中的This lets people all over the world act可知，社交媒体帮助人们“传播(spread)”关于世界重大事件的新闻。
答案： B
11．A.naturally B．publicly
C．correctly D．quickly
解析： 根据下一句举的例子This is very true when an earthquake breaks out可知，社交媒体让人们更“快地(quickly)”行动起来。
答案： D
12．A.clear B．special
C．common D．popular
解析： 前三段分别讲述了社交媒体的好处：有助于人们保持联系、利于人们结交新朋友和帮助传播重大新闻。这些好处是“显而易见的(clear)”。
答案： A
13．A.promise B．teach
C．warn D．advise
解析： 根据该空后的it can also be harmful可知，一些科学家“警告(warn)”人们社交媒体也可能是有害的。
答案： C
14．A.remember B．enjoy
C．choose D．discover
解析： 根据下文中的fun things和their friends’ lives look so perfect可知，通常情况下，人们只“挑选(choose)”自己最好的东西在社交媒体上展示。
答案： C
15. A．think of B．talk about
C．notice D．love
解析： 根据本句后半部分中的or show pictures可知，他们在社交媒体上“谈论(talk about)”生活中发生的有趣的事情。
答案： B
16. A．normal B．good
C．famous D．serious
解析： 该空与前面的fun things是并列关系，故选good。
答案： B
17．A.part B．problems
C．the rest D．the past
解析： 根据本段可知，人们在社交媒体上往往只展现出自己最好的一面，那么其他人也只是看到这些朋友生活的“部分(part)”，而非全貌。
答案： A
18．A.careful B．patient
C．angry D．satisfied
解析： 根据下一句中的begin to feel envy可知，一些人对自己的生活感到不太“满意(satisfied)”。
答案： D
19. A．and B．but
C．because D．so
解析： feel envy的原因是their friends’ lives look so perfect，故填because。
答案： C
20．A.like B．try
C．know D．expect
解析： 根据该空前的You can use it or not use it可知，你可以根据自己的“喜好(like)”来决定使用社交媒体与否及其使用频率。
答案： A
Ⅳ.语法填空
Keeping a diary in English is one of the 1.______ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
2．________(compare) with other forms of writing，it is shorter and takes 3.________(little) time.It can help us to develop the habit of 4.________(think) in English.If we persist in this practice,5.________(gradual) we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English.In keeping a diary in English，we certainly run up against many 6.________(difficulty)．In the first place,7.________often happens that we have trouble finding proper words and phrases to give expression to our mind.Secondly，there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese.And it is extremely hard for us 8.________(put) them into English properly.
As far as I’m concerned，my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary 9.________easy reach.Whenever something beats us，we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary.We can also turn to our English teacher for help，if necessary.In short，I believe that it is of great 10.________(useful) to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
答案： 1.effective 2.Compared 3.less 4.thinking 5．gradually 6.difficulties 7.it 8.to put 9.within 10．use
Ⅴ.书面表达
最近，你校英语学习俱乐部将举办一次学习经验交流活动。假如你是成员之一，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，分享自己在听、说、读、写方面的成功经验。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear boys and girls，
I’d like to share my experience in learning English with you.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
All in all，I hope all of you have fun learning English.
参考答案
Dear boys and girls，
I’d like to share my experience in learning English with you.
I make it a rule to listen to VOA or the BBC in my spare time to improve my listening.At the same time，I repeat what the speaker says while listening to improve my pronunciation.Besides，watching English movies can combine English learning with relaxation.I always take every chance to speak in class and I am proud of making myself understood in English.Sometimes I practise speaking with my classmates after class.To increase my vocabulary，I have formed the habit of reading English magazines and novels at weekends.I have learned to guess the meaning of new words.In addition，I find keeping a diary in English is helpful.
All in all，I hope all of you have fun learning English.
课件40张PPT。Period ThreeUsing LanguageWarming Up expression
midwestern
African
Spanish
eastern
n. 语言；表达；表示
adj. 中西部的
adj. 非洲的；非洲人的；
非洲语言的
adj./ n. 西班牙；西班牙语的
adj. 东方的；东部的southeastern
northwestern
recognize
dialect
adj. 东南方的；
来自东南的
adj. 西北方的；
来自西北的
vt. 辨认出；承认
n. 方言play a part (in)
Believe it or not扮演一个角色；
参与
不管你信不信；信不信由你1. China is a very big country where
different dialects are spoken. Can
you list some of them?dialects family in China 北方方言吴语闽南语客家话湘语赣语粤语ChineseDo you have any funny jokes caused by different dialects?
Do you think there
are some dialects
in English?English dialects in different countriesBritainThe U.S.ACanadaAustraliaIndiaNew ZealandWhich one is the standard English?Presentation Detailed Reading Read the text for 3 minutes and answer the following question.1. How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text?Mid-western, southern, African American,
Spanish dialects2. Why do people from both Northwestern and Southeastern of U.S. speak with almost the same dialect?
Because when Americans moved from one place to anther, they took their dialects with them.3. According to the whole passage, which
doesn’t play a part in making dialects?
A. History
B. Tradition
C. Age
D. Geography1. What’s standard English?
什么是标准英语?
standard (n.) 标准, 规格 (adj.) 标准的
meet standard 符合标准
standard of living 生活水平
on a standard 根据某一标准
focusThe mountains are not high____
world standard.
A. by B. at C. to D. on2. Believe it or not, there’s no such a
thing as standard English.
信不信由你，世界上没有所谓的标准 英语。
1) believe it or not 信不信由你
Believe it or not, all the people present have agreed to the plan.2) 句型：There’s no such person/ thing as sb. / sth. 没有……这样的人/物等，用于表示某人或某物并不存在。
世上没有免费的午餐之类的好事。 There is no such thing as a free lunch.Such 用法点拨当such与a/an连用时,such要放在a/an前面。John is such a clever boy。
当such与all, no, one, some, any等词连用时,such应放在这些词的后面。One such dictionary is enough.
当名词前有few, little, much, many修饰时，只能用so 来修饰，不能用such.
3. expect
vt.(理所当然)期望，预料，认为，预期
usage: expect sb. to do sth.
expect +that-clause
expect sth.
expect to do sth.I expect so. 我想是这样。I expect not. I don’t expect so.我想不是这样。4. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
然而，甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。
the way后面接定语从句时, 关系代词用that/in which或不用关系代词。
I did it in the way that/in which/不填 you taught me.I don’t like___ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which5. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.
美国英语有很多方言，尤其是在中西部， 南部，黑人和西班牙方言。
especially 尤其, 表达事物不寻常或特别重要
specially 专门(指专为某一目的) Our garden is beautiful, especially in autumn.
I came here specially to see you. 6. Geography also plays a part in making
dialects.
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
play a/an + adj.+ part
扮演……角色，起……作用
She play a leading part in the play.7. Although many Americans move a lot,
they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
虽然许多美国人经常搬家, 但他们
仍然能够辨认并理解彼此的方言。
recognize 辨认,认出(pick out)
recognize sth. / sb. as sth. / sb.
把……认作……
Drugs were not recognized as a problem then.
recognize sb. / sth. to be 承认某人……注意：recognize是一个终止性动词。是指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。Exercises Read and recognize where they are from:
Amy: Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me where the nearest subway is?
Lady: Er… the underground? Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets. It’ll be on your right-hand side.
Amy: Thanks so much!
Friends: What did she say, Amy?
Amy: She told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. The subway will be on our right. Amy comes from _______; the lady comes from_______.America England Try to write down the words from the dialogue.undergroundleft-hand sidego straight ontwo streetsright-hand sideAmy: Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me where the nearest subway is?
Lady: Er…the underground? Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets. It’ll be on your right-hand side.
Amy: Thanks so much!
Friends: What did she say, Amy?
Amy: She told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. The subway will be on our right. What’s the dialogue about?If you can’t understand others, you can say: Pardon? / I beg your pardon?
I don’t understand. Could you say that again please? / Could you repeat that please?
Sorry, I can’t follow you. Could you speak more slowly please?
How do you spell that?Pair-work:Work in pairs, imagine you are from England, and your partner is from America, make a dialogue according to the situation2.
1. Make your dialogue with the help of the sample and the map.
2. While making dialogues, remember to make use of these useful expressions.Pardon? I beg your pardon? I don’t understand.
How do you spell that? Could you say that again please? Could you speak more slowly, please?
Sorry, I can’t follow you! Could you repeat that? with the help of the map, make your dialogue like this:
You: Excuse me, madam/sir. Could you tell me
where …? American lady/sir: You mean _____ station? Yes, of
course. … and then …
You: …? I can't follow you.
American lady/sir: First you …
You: Yes, …? I want to write this down.
American lady/sir: Then turn …, you’ll see it on
your…
You: oh, I see. I should go…, and… and it’ll be
on my… Thanks so much. Act-outMapConclusion Useful expressions:
1. believe it or not; play a part in; recognize
2. Pardon? / I beg your pardon?
I don’t understand. Could you say that again please? / Could you repeat that please?
Sorry, I can’t follow you. Could you speak more slowly please?
How do you spell that?
Reading skill:
Find the topic sentence. It’s always the first or the last sentence in a paragraph.SummaryMake the dialogue according to situation 1.
Work in groups to make a list of the words that have the same meaning in American English and British English. Asking the waySample Unit 2 English around the world
第四课时
Ⅰ教学目标：
跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语
Ⅱ重难点突破：
1. 常跟动名词作宾语的动词：? enjoy,?finish,?suggest,?avoid,?excuse?,delay,?imagine,?keep,?miss,?consider,?admit（承认），deny（否认）,?mind,?permit,?forbid,?practise,?risk（冒险）,?appreciate
2. 常跟动名词作宾语的短语：
be?busy,?be?worth,?feel?like,?can't?stand,?can't?help, ?think?of,?dream?of,?be?fond?of,?prevent…(from),keep?…from,?stop…（from）,protect…from,?set?about,?spend…(in),?succeed?in,?be?used?to,?look?forward?to,?object?to,?pay?attention?to,?insist?on,?feel?like? ，give up，insist on
3. 能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组： forget, mean, remember, stop, try， regret
eg: mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
remember to do sth 记得要做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
4. 动名词前可以加上其逻辑主语：
eg：She didn’t mind my smoking there.
5. need ,require,want主语是物时 其后的动名词表示被动意义。
Ⅲ 强化训练:
（一）练习：用下列方框中动词的正确形式填空:
turn down play argue miss spend
feel master speak
1.I suggest ___________ our summer vacation in a seaside town.
2.Would you mind ________________ your radio a little , please?
3.Giving up the job means ______ a good opportunity.
4.Dana admitted ______ hurt by what I had said.
5.My father always enjoyed ____ golf at weekend.
6.He began to practise ________ English.
7.You’d better stop _______ and do as you are told.
8.Can you imagine him _______ three foreign languages within one year?
(二)单项填空：
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ______ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B.losing C. to be lost D.being lost
2. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A.his being not able B. him not to be able
C.his not being able D.him to be not able
3. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well,now I regret _______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
4.I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses ______ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D.to work; to stop
5. —There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine ____ that old.
A. to be B.to have been C.being D.having been
6. I would appreciate ____ it a secret.
A.your keeping B.you to keep
C.that you keep D.that you will keep
7. Your hair wants _____. You had better have it done now.
A.cut B. to cut C.cutting D.being cut
8. Henry always forgets things he has done.Yesterday he forgot ______and looked for it everywhere.
A.to post the letter B. to have the letter posted
C. to have posted the letter D. having posted the letter
9. Sorry,we don’t allow ______in the lecture room.
A.to smoke B.smoke C.smoking D. to smoking
10.There is something wrong with this bicycle. It really needs _____ .
A.to repair B.repairing C. be repaired D.being repaired
11. I remember _____ him before,but I’ve forgotten where it was.
A. to see B.to have seen C.having seen D. seen
12. —I have been knocking the door ,but no one answers.
—Why not ____ at the back door?
A. try knocking B. try to knock
C. to try knocking D.to try to knock
Unit 2 English around the world
第五课时
Ⅰ教学目标：
词汇：revise, discipline, prefer, couple
短语：would rather, would prefer, a couple of,
句式：It’s up to you；I don’t think…
Ⅱ重难点突破：
1. prefer vt. 宁愿（要）；更喜欢 prefer sth.更喜欢某事物
prefer doing sth./ to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做……
prefer that-clause 宁愿……
典型例题：I prefer to stay at home rather than __________ shopping.
A.go B.going C.to be going D.to go
2.would rather 宁愿
would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事
would rather … than … = would … rather than … = (would) prefer
to … rather than … 宁愿……，也不……
would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事（用一般过去时表现在和将来）
would rather sb. had done sth. 宁愿某人做过某事（过去完成时表示过去的情况）
相关知识：had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事
would (not) like to do sth. （不）想做某事
典型例题：--Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
--_____________.
A.I’d rather you didn’t.
B.Of course not, it’s not allowed here.
C.Great! I love pets.D.No,you can’t.
3. a couple of 两个的，一对的；几个，三两个
① couple “一对，一双”， 为同种类的东西，但未必是一套。
② pair “一副，一双，一条”，指成套的.两件一起使用的配对的东西。
典型例题：A week? It’s too long! How about ____________ days?
A.a dozen of B.many C.a few D.a couple of
4.It’s up to you. 这由你说了算
It’s up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定作某事，作某事是某人的责任
be up to sth. 谋划某事，作某事
be (feel / seem) up to (doing) sth. （觉得/似乎）胜任……（常用于疑问句或否定句）
典型例题：--Who will look after the baby when his parents are away?
--____________?
A.It’s up to youB.You are welcomeC.No problemD.Thank you
5. ……I don’t think there is one answer only to this important question……我认为对于这个重要问题，答案不止一个……
【此句使用了否定转移】
典型例题：Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_____________?
A.is he B.isn’t he C.dosen’t she D.dose she
Ⅲ强化训练：
1.Rather than _________ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ____ a bike.
A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding
2.I prefer stuying English at home ____________ the match.
A.to watching B.to watch
C.rather than watch D.rather than watching
3.---Are you going to leave now?
---Unless you would prefer ____________ here?
A.me to stay B.I will stay C.that I stay D.me stay
4.---Shall we go skating or stay at home?
---Which ________ do yourself?
A.do you rather B. would you rather
C.will you rather D. should you rather
5.---Shall I smoke here?
---I _______ you _________.
A.would prefer ; don’t B.would rather ; won’t
C.hope ; not D.would rather ; didn’t
6.I found a ____ of socks in the bedroom, but they didn’t make a _____.
A.pair;couple B.pair;double C.couple;pair D.pair;pair
7.Do you feel up to ______ out, or do you still feel sick?
A.go B.going C.be gone D.be going
8.---Whose advice do you think I should take?
---_____________.
A.You speak B. That’s it C.It’s up to ypu D.You do it
Ⅳ写作常识：
句号的用法：（1）用于陈述句或部分祈使句之末；（2）用于缩写词之后
问号的用法：（1）用语疑问句句后；（2）用于之后，表示询问对方“有什么事？”或表示对对方有怀疑，或鼓励对方讲下去。（3）用于句中某一词之后，常放于圆括号之内，表示对一词﹑一事或一数字等的疑问。
逗号的用法；（1）用来连接句中的平行成分；（2）用来把非限制性的同位语或定语与句子的其他部分分开；（3）用来把状语与句子的其他部分分开；
（4）用来把独立成分呼语或语气词等与句子的其他部分分开；（5）用来把重复强调的成分分开；（6）引起直接引语的说明语，位于句首或句中时，其后用逗号；（7）表示省去的词语（8）把反意疑问句中的陈述部分和疑问部分分开；（9）标写日期和地址（10）分开倒装的姓名
