课时达标(三十六) Unit 1 A land of diversity
建议时间/30分钟
阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与自然·地理风物 体裁 应用文
词 数 230 难度
(2019·齐鲁名校联考)Looking for a perfect destination for your upcoming trip? Whether you are looking for a relaxing walking experience or an in－depth city discovery, Austria could be a good choice.
Climate
Austria is located in a temperate climatic zone with a Central European climate influenced by the Atlantic climate. The four seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter) each have typical temperature and climatic characters. Due to the position's diversity and the relatively large west－east expanse, there are two quite different climatic regions：
East
In the Pannonian Plain and along the Danube valley, the climate shows continental features—low rainfall, hot summers but only moderately(适中) cold winters.
Alpine Region(高山区)
Alpine climate—high rainfall (except inner Alpine valley regions such as the upper Inntal), short summers, long winters.
Temperatures
Summer—up to 95 degrees Fahrenheit/average: 68 degrees Fahrenheit
Winter—up to 14 degrees Fahrenheit/average: 32 degrees Fahrenheit
Reminders of the country
Transient climate influenced by the Atlantic (in the West) and a continental influence in the Southeast. Before starting your walk or hike in the mountains please inform yourself about the present weather conditions, danger of avalanches(雪崩) or route conditions. Warnings of locals should not be ignored.
Travel times
The best time for hiking and walking tours or to visit a city is from April to October. The peak season for summer vacation is July and August. The best time to enjoy your winter vacation is from December to March.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了奥地利的气候、温度、最佳旅游时间等。
1．Which is the characteristic of the eastern region of Austria?
A．It has long and cold winters.
B．It rarely rains all year round.
C．Its weather is quite changeable.
D．Its winter temperature can reach 14℉．
解析 B 细节理解题。根据Climate部分的内容，尤其是low rainfall可知，奥地利东部地区的降雨量较少，故选B项。
2．What does the author advise people to do before they hike in the mountains?
A．Talk with the locals.
B．Plan the route in detail.
C．Get suitable hiking equipment.
D．Confirm real－time information needed.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据Reminders of the country部分的第二句可知，在开始徒步旅行或远足之前，要掌握天气情况、雪崩的危险和路况，即确认需要的实时信息，故选D项。
3．When is the best time to visit an Austrian city?
A．January. B．March.
C．August. D．December.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据Travel times部分的第一句可知，游览奥地利城市的最佳时间是4月至10月；选项中只有C项符合，故选C项。
B
课标话题 人与自然·地理风物 体裁 说明文
词 数 343 难度
(2019·廊坊联考)HELSINKI—Struck in a distant corner of the Baltic near the Russian border, Finland, has long had a reputation as a somber, dark place, caught between East and West. The nation's only known personality is Santa Claus. Not any more. Finland is becoming a hit as thousands of fashion－conscious people discover the latest cold place to become hot.
Helsinki is where most first－time visitors stay, sometimes just for a long weekend. Because more and more people travel with hand luggage only, they can look for new, stylish destinations where they can hang out, eat and buy new stuff to remind themselves and their friends of how stylish they are.
But why Helsinki? Isn't the city cold, expensive and dull? Cold, yes. So cold that they heat the pavement in winter, but that's where the bad news ends. Helsinki is cheaper than almost any other major European capital, and there is more than enough to do to fill a long weekend.
Buses and trams cost pennies, and bicycles are free. But the best way to see the city is on foot. The Viking Line cruise groups stick to the traditional sightseeing walkabout, the Lutheran Church, Sibelius's home and the fish and meat market on the docks.
Across from the Klub bar is Teatteri, a restaurant designed by Briton Rupert Gardner. No place better illustrates the change Helsinki has undergone.
Twenty years ago it was a nightclub called Hot Lips. Walk in today and you could be in London or New York.
The country's furniture and home wares may not be as well known as those of Ikea of Sweden, but the kind of people who get excited by teapots swear Finnish varieties are the best money can buy.
A decade after an economic recession that left Finland hunting for money, the country's capital feels stylishly European. The broad, 19th－century boulevards, lined with smart stores and cafes, feel high－spirited. It is a far cry from Helsinki that was once grim enough for Cold War film－makers to use it to represent Russia.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了如今的Helsinki，它已经成为一座现代化的旅游城市。
4．This passage is most likely to be found in ________.
A．a storybook B．a geography textbook
C．a research report D．a travel magazine
解析 D 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了Helsinki的旅游特色，所以最可能出现在旅游杂志上，故选D项。
5．The best way to see Helsinki is ________.
A．by boat B．by bus
C．on foot D．by tram
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，参观这座城市最好的方式是步行，故选C项。
6．What can we learn about Helsinki?
A．It was once used by film－makers to represent Russia.
B．Home wares of Finnish varieties are believed to be most worth buying.
C．If you want to see the change Helsinki has gone through, the best place is the Lutheran Church.
D．Finnish furniture is more famous than that of Ikea of Sweden.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据本文最后一句可知，芬兰曾被拍摄冷战题材影片的电影制作人用来代表俄罗斯，故选A项。
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Not considering this, you will find Helsinki attractive.
B．As it is cold, Helsinki is the place where tourists seldom go.
C．Helsinki is a place which can bring you good luck.
D．If you are unhappy you should go to Helsinki.
解析 A 句义理解题。根据画线部分后面的内容可知，Helsinki除了“冷”这个缺点外，有很多其他优势，故选A项。
完形填空
课标话题 人与自我·生命的意义与价值 体裁 夹叙夹议文
词 数 364 难度
Last year I broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller coaster.I'm 105, but the doctor agrees I'm in good __1__.
The roller coaster I rode __2__ quite fast. It was, however, a bit too __3__ for me. I'd have preferred a really fast one that went upside down. But I was told I couldn't ride it, because my blood pressure could drop and I might have __4__.
I wasn't nervous. I was securely __5__ in, so I knew I wouldn't fall out. The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes, and I __6__ every second. Later, someone came to __7__ me with the Guinness World Records Certificate.
My __8__ ways really began a couple of years ago, with the ice－bucket challenge. My great－granddaughter recommended me to have a bucket of __9__ water poured on my head. I was 102 then. It __10__ that I was the oldest person in the world to do it, and the video clip of me was very __11__. After that, I started to think about what else I could do for different __12__. My family say I'm crazy, but they always go along with me. I do get people __13__ I take it easy, but I'm not taking any __14__.
If someone now broke my world record, I'd say, “Good luck to you.” But the real __15__ is not what I've done; it's how hard I've always worked. I'm taking it easy now, so I have found a new challenge. I was suspended on a rope from a crane about 25 feet high and __16__ myself down. It was fun.
I've got a few ideas for the next charity challenge on my 106th birthday, but nothing has been __17__ yet. All I can say is that it will be __18__ good, if not better than the roller coaster.
I'm not sure if anyone is __19__ of all the fun I'm having. They just say I'm silly and that's about it. On __20__ I've had many good days. I've had a really good life.
1．A.order B．shape
C．mood D．faith
2．A.showed B．dragged
C．ran D．rolled
3．A.loose B．weird
C．violent D．gentle
4．A.passed by B．dived in
C．taken off D．blacked out
5．A.fastened B．trapped
C．locked D．fenced
6．A.enjoyed B．counted
C．forgot D．recalled
7．A.greet B．bother
C．present D．assist
8．A.far－reaching B．record－breaking
C．time－consuming D．everlasting
9．A.freezing B．hot
C．warm D．cool
10．A.worked out B．figured out
C．left out D．turned out
11．A.reasonable B．abstract
C．popular D．flexible
12．A.sections B．divisions
C．charities D．estates
13．A.criticizing B．expressing
C．justifying D．suggesting
14．A.action B．notice
C．trouble D．chance
15．A.problem B．despair
C．limit D．achievement
16．A.lowered B．calmed
C．slowed D．knocked
17．A.promoted B．confirmed
C．explored D．looked
18．A.equally B．extremely
C．typically D．normally
19．A.proud B．ashamed
C．capable D．envious
20．A.average B．occasion
C．reflection D．purpose
语篇导读 作者在100多岁高龄时，进行了一些挑战，既为慈善事业作贡献，同时自己也收获了很多快乐。
1．解析 B 根据空前一句可知，作者105岁高龄还可以乘坐过山车，由此可知，作者身体状况好。in good shape身体状况好，故选B项。
2．解析 C 根据常识及选项可知，此处指过山车行驶(run)速度很快，故选C项。
3．解析 D 根据空后一句可知，作者更喜欢乘坐特别快的过山车，因此，这里指作者认为自己乘坐的过山车不够快，太“温柔”(gentle)了。loose松散的；weird奇怪的；violent暴力的，故选D项。
4．解析 D 根据常识可知，此处指作者被告知不能乘坐太快的过山车，因为他的血压可能会下降并导致他昏厥(black out)，故选D项。
5．解析 A 根据下文的I wouldn't fall out及常识可知，作者乘坐过山车时被安全带牢牢地固定住。fasten系牢，系上，拴上，故选A项。
6．解析 A 根据上文中的I wasn't nervous可知，作者非常享受(enjoy)坐过山车的过程，故选A项。
7．解析 C 根据下文可知，此处指有人给作者颁发了吉尼斯世界纪录证书。present颁发，授予，故选C项。
8．解析 B 根据第一段可知，作者打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，由此可知，该句是作者在回忆自己这些打破纪录(record－breaking)的行为。far－reaching影响深远的；time－consuming耗时的；everlasting永恒的，故选B项。
9．解析 A 根据上文中的the ice－bucket可知，此处指把一桶冰水从头顶浇下来。freezing严寒的，冰冻的，故选A项。
10．解析 D 根据语境和选项可知，此处指结果证明作者是世界上进行冰桶挑战年纪最大的人。turn out结果是，证明是，故选D项。
11．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处指有关作者冰桶挑战的视频非常受欢迎。reasonable合理的；abstract抽象的；popular受欢迎的；flexible灵活的，故选C项。
12．解析 C 根据常识及第17空所在句可知，作者的一系列努力都是为了慈善(charity)事业，故选C项。
13．解析 D 根据I take it easy可知，有人建议作者要放松。criticize批评；express表达；justify证明……正当；suggest建议，故选D项。
14．解析 B 根据语境可知，有人建议作者要放松，但是作者没有在意。take notice留心，注意，故选B项。
15．解析 D 根据语境可知，作者认为真正的成就不是自己做了什么，而是自己付出的努力。problem问题；despair绝望；limit限制；achievement成就，故选D项。
16．解析 A 根据空前的from a crane about 25 feet high可知，此处指作者被吊在25英尺高的吊车上，然后降(lower)下去，故选A项。
17．解析 B 根据空前的but可知，作者虽然对下一个挑战已经有了一些想法，但是，这些想法还没有被确认(confirm)，故选B项。
18．解析 A 根据上下文可知，此处指如果说下一个慈善挑战没有超越坐过山车，那它也和坐过山车一样好。equally同样地；平等地，故选A项。
19．解析 D 根据空后一句可知，此处指作者不确定是否有人嫉妒他所拥有的快乐。envious嫉妒的，故选D项。
20．解析 C 根据语境可知，有人说作者的行为很蠢，但作者经过思考，认为这些活动让自己拥有很多美好的时光。on reflection经过考虑，经过思考，故选C项。
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选修 8
Unit 1 A land of diversity
高考话题对接 History and geography(历史与地理)之历史变迁 相关单元 必修2 Unit 1 必修3 Unit 5 必修5 Unit 2 选修8 Unit 5
1．________________ n．(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责
2．________________ n．苦难；困苦
3．_______________ adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的
4．_____________ n．手段；方法
ministry
hardship
federal
means
5．____________ n．(人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
6．____________ n．& adj.代理的；副职的
7．______________ n．侄子；外甥
8．______________ n．牛(总称)
9．_______________ n．行李
10．_____________ vt.& vi.刮；剃
boom
vice
nephew
cattle
luggage
shave
11．_____________ n．闸；刹车
vi.& vt.刹(车)；用制动器减速
12．____________ vi.滑行；滑动；滑跤
n．滑动；滑倒
13．____________ vt.& n．租用；雇用
14．_______________ adv.无处；到处都无
15．_______________ n．正义；公平
16．_____________ vt.& vi.哀悼；悼念
brake
slip
hire
nowhere
justice
mourn
17．_________________ n．权威；权力
(pl.)当局；官方
18．______________ vt.& vi.改革；革新
n．改革；改造；改良
19．_____________ vt.& n．抓住；抓紧；掌握
20．______________ vt.插入；嵌入
authority
reform
grasp
insert
1．__________________ vt.说明；阐明
→____________________ n．说明；例证；图解
2．___________ v．& n．混合；混淆
→_______________ n．混合物
3．________________ adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的
→___________________ n．差别；区分；卓著
illustrate
illustration
mix
mixture
distinct
distinction
4．________________ n．大多数；大半
→_____________ adj.主要的 vi.主修
n．专业→________________ n．少数
5．___________ vt.选择；决定(做某事)；选举(某人)
→________________ n．选举；推选；选择
6．______________ adj.人种的；种族的
→____________ n．种族；比赛
majority
major
minority
elect
election
racial
race
7．_____________ vi.发生；出现
→__________________ n．发生；出现
8．________________ vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
→__________________ n．迹象
→_________________ n．指示器；指示信号
9．____________ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
→__________________ adv.显然地；显而易见地
occur
occurrence
indicate
indication
indicator
apparent
apparently
1．He was a tall, thin man who lived alone and __________________(apparent) had no family and no visitors.
2．Street－fights are an everyday __________________ (occur) in this area of the city.
apparently
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
occurrence
3．One of the _____________ problems is that a ________________ of the graduates ________________ in English find it hard to get a proper job.(major)
4．Though these students come from different _____________, there isn't any _____________ discrimination among them.(race)
major
majority
majoring
races
racial
1．_______________ 继续存在；继续生存
2．___________________ 用……办法；借助……
3．_________________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4．_______________ 保持；继续
5．____________________ 背靠背
6．____________________ 与……合作或一起工作
live on
by means of
make a life
keep up
back to back
team up with
7．________________ 画线；标出……界线
8．_______________ 包括；吸收
9．_________________________ 许多；很多
10．_________________ 申请
mark out
take in
a great/good many
apply for
1．They __________________ the tennis court on the lawn with white paint.
2．If you ____________________ your classmates, you will surely get the same work done far better.
3．In some distant rural places in China, some people still prefer __________________ their traditional lifestyle.
4．After seeing ____________________ homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.
marked out
[选用上面的短语填空]
team up with
keeping up
a great many
It is likely that
why he didn't succeed
It is generally believed that
联想拓维
?后缀为－ing的名词荟萃
①crossing十字路口 ②engineering工程
③feeling感觉 ④marketing促销
⑤spending花销 ⑥training训练
?on表“继续”构成的短语
①carry on继续 ②go on继续
③live on继续存在 ④keep on继续；反复
⑤hold on坚持 ⑥move on继续前进
by means of用……方法；借助……
by this means用这种方法
by any means 无论如何
means n．手段；方法
1
by no means决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子部分倒装)
by all means务必，不惜一切地；(用于交际英语表示同意) 当然可以/没问题
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Every possible means ______________________(try), and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
(2)All possible means _______________________(try), and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
(3)I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means __________(be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.
has been tried
have been tried
is
(1)a/the majority of大多数……
in a/the majority占大多数/大部分
(2)a/the minority of少数……
in a/the minority占少数
(3)major in主修……；以……为专业
majority n．大多数；大半
major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；专业；主修学生
minority n．少数
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Urban society is a society in which _____________ majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
(2)About 70 percent of the volunteers were female, the majority of whom _______(be) between 20 and 40 years of age.
(3)I graduated from Beijing Normal University and majored __________ information management.
a/the
were
in
【写作微技能】——词汇升级
(4)谈及教育时，大多数人认为教育是一种终生学习。
①普通表达：When it comes to education, ____________ people consider that it is a lifelong study.
②高级表达：When it comes to education, ________________ people consider that it is a lifelong study.
most
a/the majority of
elect to do sth选择/决定做某事
elect sb to be/as＋职务(职务前不加冠词) 选举/推选 某人为……
elect vt.选举；推选；选择；决定(做某事)
election n．选举，推选；当选；选择
3
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Purchasers can elect ______________(pay) in monthly installments.
(2)During his ________________(elect) campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.
(3)If I'm lucky enough to be elected __________ monitor, I will do whatever I can to enrich our students' after－class activities.
to pay
election
as
sth occurs to/strikes sb＝sth crosses one's mind某人突然 想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that… 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth某人突然想起做某事
occur vi.发生；出现
occurrence n．发生；出现
4
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ________________(occur)．
(2)It occurred to him ____________ he hadn't eaten anything since the night before.
occurred
that
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(3)当我正要回家时突然想起来我应该去参加一场会议。
①It occurred to me ______________________________ a meeting when I was about to go home.(It指代从句)
②It occurred to me _______________________ a meeting when I was about to go home.(It指代不定式)
that I should go to attend
to go to attend
(1)indicate sth (to sb)(向某人)指出/暗示某事
indicate that/wh－clause… 表明……；示意……
(2)indication of (doing) sth(做)某事的迹象
indication that… ……的迹象
indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
indication n．表示；暗示；迹象
indicator n．指示器；指示信号
5
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)As ____________________(indicate) in the survey, more and more people choose to travel abroad.
(2)There are clear ___________________(indicate) that the global economy is improving.
is indicated
indications
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(3)他的表情暗示出他对你说的话不满意。
①His expression ______________________ he is not satisfied with what you have said.(宾语从句)
②His expression ________________________________ he is not satisfied with what you have said.(同位语从句)
indicates that
gives an indication that
(1)make/earn a/one's living谋生
(2)come to life苏醒；变得活跃；变得更有趣
come back to life苏醒过来；恢复生气
bring…back to life使……苏醒过来/恢复活力
live/lead a…life过着……生活
make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
1
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)If you want to lead _________ cosy life when you're old, you should work hard when young.
【写作微技能】——高考小作文
(2)(江西卷书面表达)在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你要努力适应新的生活方式。
In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will ____________________ for yourself.
a
try to make a life
take in 包括；吸收；收留；理解；欺骗
2
包括
收留
理解
欺骗
take away拿走；消除(病痛等)
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；(突然)大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接收；接管；取代
take up占据；(开始)从事；继续
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(5)My writing career took _________ when I discovered my own style.
(6)In the past few years, the village has taken __________ a new look due to the new policy.
off
on
why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”
【句式点拨】
This/That is why…为表语从句的常用句型，意为“这/那就是为什么……”，用来表示结果。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)The seed is more productive. This is ___________ it is possible to produce more food on the same amount of land.
(2)There are a number of other reasons ______________ might explain why you have a terrible headache.
why
that/which
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(3)Tom开会迟到的原因是他生病了。
①Tom came late for the meeting. That was _________________.
②The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was ________________.
because he was ill
that he was ill
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is a great deal of evidence ______________ (indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.
2．In doing my reading, I often mark ___________ what I regard as important in a book.
3．Having filled in an ___________________(apply), he was interviewed by the boss.
indicating
out
application
4．Although her husband died, the old lady lived __________ for many years with an optimistic attitude.
5．In my view, the story of Jack Ma is a good ____________________(illustrate) of the importance of being courageous and creative.
6．I managed to rent a big enough house to take __________ homeless people.
on
illustration
in
7．The ____________________(distinct) between traditional and modern societies are huge, while there do exist some similarities.
8．A good judge will try to make the _______________ (punish) fit the crime.
9．If you want to keep off the weight you lost, you must keep __________ the new healthier eating and exercise habits.
10．John preferred to go into business alone rather than team __________ with anyone else.
distinctions
punishment
up
up
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．One day that occurred to her that if she couldn't avoid the problem, she might just as well try looking at it from a different angle.__________________
2．You should apply to the job immediately, in person or by letter. ______________
3．He was lucky to hear a nice voice from a loud speaker announcing that his lost luggage were found.
________________
第一个that→it
to→for
were→was
4．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members is against it.
______________
5．They have tried all means, which possibly are helpful, but unfortunately not a means have worked so far.
___________________
6．A great many people has gained a great deal of information from the Internet.________________
is→are
第二个have→has
has→have
7．Electronic business is boomed in China in the past years, and that trend is likely to continue.
______________________
8．Twenty heads of cattles were eating grass on the grassland when a wolf came over.______________________
boomed→booming
cattles→cattle
9．Since you have made up your mind to be a professional interpreter, you'd better grasp of every chance to speak English.
____________
10．He is addicted to computer games, and that is because he has to drop out of school.___________________
删除of
because→why
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
California is the 1._____________(three) largest state in the USA and has the largest population. It has attracted people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in 2.____________ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans 3.______________(live) in California than in any other state.
third
what
living
California 4._________________(rule) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish 5._________________(influential) in the state today. People began 6._______________________(settle) in California when gold was discovered there.7._____________ (attract) by the climate and the lifestyle, more and more people from different parts of the world still immigrated 8.__________ California, including Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans.
was ruled
influence
settling/to settle
Attracted
to
It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be 9.__________ great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a 10.___________________(mix) of many races and cultures.
so
mixture/mix
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
In the year 1978, when the reform and opening up policy was carried out in China, 1._____________________________ ___________ (很多来自乡下的农民) crowded into the cities. 2._____________________________________(他们中的大多数可以谋生) in the cities despite great hardship.
a good many farmers from the
A/The majority of them can make a life
countryside
Some even have 3.___________________________________ (申请了在城市居住的权利). Some enjoy the same rights as the local people. Besides, they have 4.____________________ ______________________ (为城市的繁荣作出了巨大贡献). 5._________________________(通过努力工作的方式), they live a happy life.
applied for the right to live in the cities
made great contributions
to the boom of the cities
By means of working hard
