课时达标(三十八) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
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阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 体裁 应用文
词 数 301 难度
(2019·天津九校联考)Every November, Time magazine picks out what it calls “The 25 Best Inventions” of the year. Here, Teens has chosen some of the most interesting ones.
Ember Mug
It's hard to always keep coffee at the right temperature, especially in winter. It's too hot to drink at first, but before we know it, it gets too cold and loses all its taste. The perfect level of warmth for a cup of coffee only lasts for 37 seconds, which makes the Ember Mug a great invention. It keeps your coffee or tea at a certain temperature, anywhere between 45℃ and 62℃， once you set it through a smartphone app.
Tasty One Top
TV cooking shows make cooking look so easy, but it's almost impossible to get the recipes to cook the same as how the professionals cook. However, the Tasty One Top DIY cooking companion is here to help. Developed by Buzzfeed, the cooker can be connected to a smartphone app, which has more than 1,700 recipes and videos. You choose a recipe and the app will let the cooker know what to do. For example, it'll tell you when to turn your steak or when to add certain ingredients.
Jibo
Smart speakers from companies like Amazon and Xiaomi have added a lot of fun to our lives, but they're still just faceless speakers. However, Jibo, developed by MIT professor Cynthia Breazeal, has brought smart technology to life. Said to be “the world's first social robot for the home”， Jibo looks like a cartoon character. Inside its “head”， there are various sensors and cameras, which allow it to recognize faces and speech. It can also set alarms, remind you of important things, tell you the weather and read news or messages from your friends and family.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了《时代》周刊选出的年度25个最佳发明中的最有趣的3个。
1．How can Tasty One Top help people?
A．By teaching people how to cook.
B．By offering people different recipes.
C．By saving energy while cooking.
D．By offering different kinds of cooking apps.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据Tasty One Top部分最后一句可知，Tasty One Top可以教人们烹饪，故选A项。
2．What can Jibo probably be?
A．A cartoon character. B．A faceless robot.
C．A family assistant. D．A smart alarm.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的the world's first social robot for the home及最后一句可以推知，Jibo可以充当家庭助手，故选C项。
3．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To advertise high－tech products.
B．To introduce some new inventions.
C．To encourage subscription to Time.
D．To tell about some “tasty” products.
解析 B 写作意图题。根据第一段第二句和下文内容可知，本文旨在介绍几个新发明，故选B项。
B
课标话题 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 体裁 议论文
词 数 333 难度
(2019·河南林州一中月考)We all think we know what is good, but like all definitions, its shine fades when applied to real life. What might be good for you is probably bad for someone or something else. What we usually consider to be good is rarely beneficial to everyone: it depends on who you are and where you stand. As Shakespeare said in Hamlet, there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. And our diverse thinking on good is reflected by the 50 or more definitions for the word “good” offered by most dictionaries.
The same goes for innovation. Is an innovation good if it solves your problems or lets you make money? Definitely. But what if it also causes people to lose their jobs? Or, as is more often the case, what if after people spend days learning to use the innovation, there is little benefit, or their lives become more complicated? And then consider plastics, typewriters and televisions, innovations that have brought many good things to the world. But what if the 2－litre soda bottles rested forever in landfills, the typewriters were used to schedule trains to Auschwitz, or millions of children watched hours of televisions in lieu of reading or doing sports? Can we call these, and others like them, innovations because they're good in the largest sense? And, despite all the positive revolutions they've brought to the world, personal computers leave tons of toxins and chemicals every time they're replaced by newer machines.
There's no easy answer to the question whether innovation is good, leaving plenty of room for the belief of “all innovations are good” to survive. We have so much history with innovation as the driving force for our culture, economy and psychology that our confidence in innovation approximates(接近) faith. But there is at least one truth: all innovations have good and bad effects regardless of the intention of the innovators. If we accept this, we can reevaluate our judgment on innovations.
语篇导读 本文主要论述了创新的好坏，作者认为任何创新都有利有弊，我们可以重新评估对创新的判断。
4．What's the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．It's hard to please all.
B．Good is a relative concept.
C．There is nothing really good.
D．Our thinking determines what is good.
解析 B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第二、三、四句可知，本段要表达“好”是一个相对的概念，故选B项。
5．Why does the writer mention plastics, typewriters and televisions in Paragraph 2?
A．All innovations benefit people greatly.
B．All innovations have their negative sides.
C．Not all innovations make people' lives better.
D．Not all innovations are environmentally friendly.
解析 B 写作意图题。根据第二段第一句及下文可知，作者通过列举塑料、打印机和电视，是为了说明任何创新都有不好的一面，故选B项。
6．What does the underlined phrase “in lieu of” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Instead of. B．Because of.
C．In favour of. D．In charge of.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，看电视和读书、运动是互斥的活动，由此可知画线处表示“代替”，故选A项。
7．What does the writer intend to do in the last two paragraphs?
A．To show the power of innovation.
B．To question the value of innovation.
C．To criticise the blind faith in innovation.
D．To deny the positive effects of innovation.
解析 C 推理判断题。作者在最后两段主要批判了一种普遍的认识：所有的创新都是好的。而作者认为任何创新都有利有弊。由此判断，作者主要是批判人们对创新的盲目信仰，故选C项。
完形填空
课标话题 人与自我·创新与创业意识 体裁 记叙文
词 数 279 难度
(2019·广东仲元中学调考)I'm Alina Morse, a fifth grader from Michigan. I have always wanted to __1__ my own business. Since I was about four years old, I have been __2__ a journal of business ideas. My dad told me __3__ you want to make it happen, you need to note it down. So I did.
During a trip to the bank with my dad, a teller __4__ me a sugary lollipop(棒棒糖). I love candy.__5__, my dad had told me that too much sugar was bad for my teeth. So I asked, “Why can't we make some __6__ lollipops？” Every time I went to the bank and saw free candy, it was a(n) __7__ to ask. At last, I __8__ my family—both of my parents have professional experience in sales and marketing—to get my idea __9__ the ground, including $47,500 in __10__ from my grandparents.
Our first step was research. We spoke to __11__ and food scientists. We went into stores and searched online for information. We __12__ that tooth decay(蛀牙) was being a serious problem in America. Then we decided to make lollipops with the teeth cleaning materials at home but it didn't __13__. So we found a factory that had the right equipment for __14__ lollipops.
The idea quickly __15__. I started a company that sells Zollipops, a kind of sugar－free lollipop, to help __16__ the risk of tooth decay. Its sales were topping $70,000 in 2014 and increasing more than four times in 2015, __17__ $300,000. We have been working to make the lollipops more stable and less __18__ in hot or wet environments. We are very __19__because the new Zollipops will be __20__ later this year.
1．A.set up B．carry on
C．put off D．take over
2．A.reading B．writing
C．editing D．copying
3．A.unless B．whatever
C．if D．though
4．A.bought B．awarded
C．ordered D．offered
5．A.However B．Instead
C．Otherwise D．Besides
6．A.tasty B．healthy
C．popular D．good－quality
7．A.predictor B．motivation
C．indicator D．reminder
8．A.attended to B．backed up
C．relied on D．stood by
9．A.off B．beyond
C．against D．into
10．A.charges B．savings
C．expenses D．donations
11．A.dentists B．physicists
C．chemists D．psychologists
12．A.suspected B．assumed
C．concluded D．complained
13．A.end B．act
C．fail D．work
14．A.inventing B．advertising
C．producing D．designing
15．A.paid up B．paid off
C．paid back D．paid out
16．A.reduce B．remove
C．avoid D．involve
17．A.costing B．valuing
C．making D．hitting
18．A.harmful B．sticky
C．sweet D．poisonous
19．A.astonished B．confused
C．appreciative D．excited
20．A.drawing out B．sending out
C．coming out D．giving out
语篇导读 Alina Morse从小就很有生意头脑，小小年纪成功创业，发明了健康无糖棒棒糖且销量很好。
1．解析 A 根据语境可知，Alina从小就很有商业头脑，立志创办自己的企业。set up创建，开办；carry on继续；put off推迟；take over接管，故选A项。
2．解析 B 根据空后一句可知，此处指Alina听从爸爸的话，从大约四岁起就开始写(write)关于商业理念的日记，故选B项。
3．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处表示如果(if)你想要实现一件事，你需要把它记下来，故选C项。
4．解析 D 根据常识和选项可知，Alina和爸爸去银行时，一位出纳员给(offer)了她一个含糖的棒棒糖。
5．解析 A 根据语境可知，此处表示转折。Alina很喜欢糖果，然而(However)爸爸却告诉她太多的糖对牙齿不好，故选A项。
6．解析 B 根据上文可知，此处应是Alina问爸爸为什么不做一些健康的(healthy)棒棒糖，故选B项。
7．解析 D 根据句意可知，每次Alina去银行看见免费的糖果时，都会提醒她这个问题。reminder起提醒作用的东西，故选D项。
8．解析 C 根据下文可知，Alina的想法最后得以实现，有赖于(rely on)其家人的帮助。attend to接待，处理；back up支持；stand by忠于，支持，故选C项。
9．解析 A 由下文可知，在家人的帮助下，Alina的想法得以实现。get sth off the ground为固定搭配，意为“使某事顺利开始，开始发生”，故选A项。
10．解析 B 根据语境可知，Alina得到了祖父母积攒的47 500美元的资助。savings存款，符合语境，故选B项。
11．解析 A 根据上下文可知，Alina要做不会引起蛀牙的棒棒糖，所以她要向牙医(dentist)和食品科学家咨询，故选A项。
12．解析 C Alina和家人进行了一系列调查，他们得出结论(conclude)：在美国蛀牙正在成为一个严重的问题。suspect怀疑；assume假设；complain抱怨，故选C项。
13．解析 D 根据语境可知，最开始Alina尝试在家做棒棒糖，但是失败了。work有效，起作用，故选D项。
14．解析 C 根据常识可知，他们找了一家具有合适设备的工厂来生产(produce)棒棒糖。produce与上一句的make对应，故选C项。
15．解析 B 根据下文可知，很快Alina的想法就取得了成功。pay off取得成功，奏效；pay up付清，偿还(欠款)；pay back偿还；pay out付出(大笔款项)，故选B项。
16．解析 A 根据常识可知，无糖棒棒糖可以减少(reduce)患蛀牙的风险，故选A项。
17．解析 D 根据语境可知，此处指在2015年，公司的销售额增加了四倍多，达到了30万美元。hit达到(某水平)，故选D项。
18．解析 B 根据常识可知，棒棒糖在高温或潮湿环境中会融化进而变黏(sticky)，故选B项。
19．解析 D 根据上文可知，Alina的公司大获成功，因此新款的棒棒糖将要发行时，Alina和家人都十分兴奋(excited)，故选D项。
20．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处表示新款棒棒糖上市。come out推出，发行；draw out(天黑)渐晚，(白昼)渐长；send out发出；give out分发，故选C项。
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选修 8
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
高考话题对接 Popular science and modern technology (科普知识与现代技术)之发明创造 相关
单元 必修2 Unit 3
必修3 Unit 4
选修7 Unit 2
选修8 Unit 2
1．______________ n．专利证书；专利权
2．_____________ adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的
3．_____________ vt.抓住；捉住；夺
4．_____________ adj.有效的；确凿的
patent
passive
seize
valid
5．____________ n．文件；档案；文件夹
vt.将……归档；提交
6．____________ adj.熟的；成熟的
7．____________ vt.忍受；忍耐；负担
8．___________ n．堵塞；阻塞；果酱
9．_______________ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的
file
ripe
bear
jam
dynamic
10．___________ v．轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
11．_______________ n．(水或气)流；电流
adj.现在的；当前的
12．_________________ n．扩大；延伸
tap
current
extention
1．___________________ vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→_____________________ adj.卓越的；著名的→_______________________ adj.易分辨的
2．____________ n．立方体；立方
→_____________ adj.立方的
3．______________ adj.突然的；意外的
→________________ adv.突然地；唐突地
distinguish
distinguished
distinguishable
cube
cubic
abrupt
abruptly
4．__________________ adj.方便的；便利的；就近的
→____________________ adv.便利地；方便地
→___________________ n．方便；便利
5．_______________ n．小心；谨慎
→________________ adj.小心的；谨慎的
→__________________ adv.小心地；谨慎地
6．___________________ n．预料；期待；期望
→______________ v．期待；预期；认为
convenient
conveniently
convenience
caution
cautious
cautiously
expectation
expect
7．_____________ adj.愉快的；高兴的
→_______________ adv.愉快地；高兴地
8．_________________ n．(评判的)标准；尺度
→________________(pl.)
9．________________ adj.冰冻的；严寒的
→______________ v．冰冻
→______________ adj.冻结的
merry
merrily
criterion
criteria
freezing
freeze
frozen
10．________________ adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的
→_________________ n．天真；清白
11．_______________ vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴
→___________________ n．联系；协会
→__________________ adj.有关联的；相关的
12．_________________ adj.实际的；实践的；实用的
→________________ v．& n．练习；实践
→___________________ adj.不明智的；不现实的
innocent
innocence
associate
association
associated
practical
practice
impractical
13．__________________ n．能力；胜任；本领
→______________ adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的
14．________________ adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
→_________________ adj.残忍的；无情的
→_____________ n．宽恕；仁慈
competence
competent
merciful
merciless
mercy
1．They survived for four hours in the ______________ (freeze) water before they were finally rescued.
2．She has such an ________________(innocence) face that I find it hard to believe anything bad of her.
3．He reached a reasonable level of ________________ (competent) in his English.
freezing
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
innocent
competence
4．Although there are many _________________ difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep __________________ speaking it every day. (practice)
practical
practicing
1．_______________ 给……打电话
2．____________________ 偶尔；有时
3．__________________ 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例
4．_________________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．________________ 的确；事实上
6．_______________ 不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等
7．____________________ 次序颠倒；发生故障
call up
now and then
beaten track
dive into
in truth
hang on
out of order
8．___________________
设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
9．_________________ 开始；着手
10．_______________________ 开始(做)；动身
11．_________________ 回复电话
12．________________ 挂断电话
get through
set about
set out (to do)
ring back
ring off
1．If you _______________ for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother to answer the call.
2．The beggar __________________ his pocket and took out several coins.
3．The moment I got home, I _______________ to do my homework.
4．We haven't seen each other for years, but we keep in touch by chatting online ____________________.
hang on
[选用上面的短语填空]
dived into
set out
now and then
before we make
decisions
did I realize
Praise your children often
联想拓维
?“有时”合集
①from time to time不时 ②now and then偶尔；有时
③now and again不时；时而 ④occasionally偶尔
⑤sometimes有时
?“伙伴”聚会
①associate同伴；伙伴 ②companion伙伴；同伴
③partner伙伴；同伙 ④fellow同伴；伙伴
distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的
distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的
1
(1)distinguish…from区分……和……；使……有别于……
distinguish between…and… 区分……和……
distinguish oneself as作为……而出名
(2)be distinguished for因……而出名
be distinguished as作为……而出名
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish _______________ right and wrong.
(2)It's important to distinguish television's influences on children ____________ those of the family.
(3)Distinguished ___________ its magnificent church towers, the city is an attraction to visitors from all over the world.
between
from
for
(1)can't bear doing/to do sth不能忍受做某事
can't bear sb/sb's doing (sth)不能忍受某人做某事
(2)bear/keep sth in mind记住某事
bear/keep in mind that… 记住……
bear vt.(bore; borne/born) 忍受；忍耐；负担；生育
2
【提示】 borne和born都是bear的过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式；表示“生育”时用borne。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldn't bear _______________________ (part) with his dog.
(2)The woman star couldn't bear the media ________________ (expose) her private life to the public.
to part/parting
exposing
【写作微技能】——词汇升级
(3)你要记住你的父母希望你成为一名好医生。
①普通表达：You must _____________________ your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.
②高级表达：You must ___________________________ your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.
remember that
bear/keep in mind that
(1)associate…with把……和……联系在一起
associate with sb与某人交往/联系
(2)in association with与……联合/有关联
(3)be associated with和……有关
associate vt.联想；联系；交往 n．同伴；伙伴
association n．联系；联想；交往；协会；社团
associated adj.有关联的；相关的
3
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)You must bear in mind that you should never associate ____________ bad companions.
(2)We are working in ___________________(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless children.
with
association
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(3)很多健康问题与缺乏锻炼和充足的睡眠有关。
①There are a number of health problems _____________ _____ a lack of exercise and enough sleep.(介词短语作定语)
②There are a number of health problems _____________ a lack of exercise and enough sleep.(分词作定语)
in association
with
associated with
③There are a number of health problems ____________________________ a lack of exercise and enough sleep.(定语从句)
that/which are associated with
call at拜访(某地)
call in邀请；顺便访问；叫……来
call off取消；停止
call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召；邀请；要求
call for需求，需要；去接(某人)
call out大声喊叫；召集
call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起
1
【考点训练】——用call相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)The sound of the happy laughter _________________ memories of his childhood.
(2)The game ______________________ because of the bad weather.
(3)The Ministry of Education _____________________ students to exercise for an hour every day.
called up
was called off
calls on/upon
set about (doing) sth着手/开始(做)某事
set out (to do sth)开始(做某事)；动身；启程
set off启程；开始；使爆发；引发
set about 开始；着手
2
【提示】 set off表示“启程；开始”时，多指开始踏上征程，常和on, for等连用。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)She is going to set _______________ for France at five o'clock in the morning.
(2)The enemy's tank truck caught fire and set _________ a chain of explosions.
(3)We set _____________ discussing when and how we should finish the task.
out/off
off
about
【一词多义】——写出句中get through的含义
(1)I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day. ____________
(2)I managed to get through the project and the pain was worth it in the end. ______________
get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；渡过(难关)；用完；耗尽
3
打通电话
(设法)做完
(3)Eliza found writing helped her get through the rough days. ______________
(4)The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more. __________
(5)Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off. __________
渡过(难关)
用完
通过
get across被理解；使人了解
get along with进展；相处
get down to开始做；开始认真对待
get in收获
get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
【写作微技能】——高考小作文
(6)(重庆卷书面表达)众所周知，当我们陷入困境时，我们的朋友总会伸出援助之手，帮助我们渡过难关。
As is known to us, our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and ________________________ difficult situations.
help us get through
祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
【句式点拨】
本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型，具体情况如下：
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If…，＋主句
(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If…not…，＋主句
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Learn to understand, ___________ you will keep away from a world full of sadness and disappointment.
(2)Work hard, ________________ you will fail the exam.
and
or/otherwise
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man left the association ________________ (abrupt) without informing anyone, causing much trouble.
2．_______________(bear) a heavy burden, the single mother has to work hard to bring up her children.
abruptly
Bearing
3．Mom drove __________________(caution) through the snow and the children wondered what she was going to show them.
4．She argues that the sooner we set about ______________(collect) information, the more active we'll be.
5．I believe I'm competent for this job, and have wonderful performance beyond your ______________ (expect).
cautiously
collecting
expectation
6．The first step to make a friend is __________________ (associate) with other people and learn about their personalities and hobbies as well.
7．The ________________(criterion) of the football match was unreasonable, so the results of the match raised much doubt.
8．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and _______________(seize) opportunities can one succeed.
associating
criteria
seizing
9．I'd like to place things where it is ________________ (convenience) to get them.
10．The ___________________(apply) of the new tax policy, which was to lighten the tax burden, was spoken highly of by all the workers.
convenient
application
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man with the other animals._______________
2．The moment she came back from work, she set about to clean the kitchen thoroughly._________________
3．Sorry, I have some urgency to deal with. Would you mind ringing up now？______________
with→from
about→out
up→off
4．The girl's face called for the image of his dead wife in his mind. ______________
5．You must bear in mind your parents urge that you shouldn't play with fire.__________________
6．The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village. How are they going to get across the winter？
__________________
for→up
your前加that
across→through
7．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with. ______________
8．Pressing the button and the machine will operate by itself.______________________
9．We were going to play football, but it was too hot that we decided to do otherwise. ______________________
10．Seize the chance and you will regret it.
________________________
删除with
Pressing→Press
too→so或that→so
and→or/otherwise
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
When I called up my mother in the countryside 1._______________________ the phone, she told me snakes came near the house now and then, and they seemed to 2._________________(make) their home there. I got the chance to distinguish3.______________(I) by inventing something merciful to catch snakes. No products can help me catch snakes, so I set 4._____________ researching the habits of snakes in order to trap them.
on/over/through
have made
myself
about
I decided on three approaches: firstly 5._____________ (remove) their habitat; secondly, attracting them 6.__________ a trap using perfume or food, and thirdly cooling them. I used the 7.______________(freeze) bowl to make the snakes 8.____________(little) active, and then collected them. The next day we 9._______________(merry) set all of them free, in other words we released them back into 10.___________ wild.
removing
into
frozen
less
merrily
the
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
If 1._________________________________(你不能忍受不方便) that something brings to you, 2._________________________________________(你可以让自己渡过难关) and invent something more convenient.
you can't bear the inconvenience
you can get yourself through the difficulties
More importantly, don't forget 3._________________________ (给专利局打电话) before you apply for the patent, an exclusive right to protect the inventor's interests. 4.___________________________________(如果产品能达到标准) and bear the tests of the market, you will be a successful inventor.
to call the patent office up
If the product can live up to the criteria
