课时达标(十九) Unit 4 Body language
(见学用课时P43)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·不同民族文化习俗 体裁 说明文
词 数 283 难度
(2019·全国名校大联考)In a foreign country, a man visited a local restaurant. He didn't speak their language. He ordered something indecipherable off the menu. When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious looking fried noodles, he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle. Looking angry, the waiter then picked up the dish and thrown it to his lap. What he did wrong, he wondered. Well, nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country.
Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries, and they are often specific to a given culture. Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture, but is highly offensive in another.
The gesture “thumb?up” is commonly misinterpreted. In English, it is popularly known as “thumbs up”， despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand. English?speaking Caucasians use it to signal “OK”， which is the same meaning as OK ring gesture. The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably.
Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight. While American, British and Australian would use the thumb?up to signal hitch?hiking to the drivers, this message will not encourage a Greek driver or motorist to stop to give them a ride.
There are no right or wrong signals, only cultural differences. Lack of cultural understanding will lead to disharmony among people from different cultures. When we know what to look for, such encounters with other cultures are actually very interesting, fascinating and fun. It is certainly a great topic to discuss over a cup of coffee and cakes.
语篇导读 本文主要讲述了手势语言在不同文化背景下的不同含义。
1．What did the man in the first paragraph do wrong?
A．He misunderstood the waiter.
B．He didn't realize cultural differences.
C．He ordered something off the menu.
D．He made the signal in a rude way.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在不同国家使用同样的手势所表达的意思可能不一样，这个人没有意识到文化差异，所以造成了误会，故选B项。
2．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean?
A．Full of admiration. B．Full of aggression.
C．Full of complexity. D．Full of certainty.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的but is highly offensive in another可知，画线词与offensive意思相反，offensive意为“无礼的；令人讨厌的”，由此可猜测，complimentary的意思是“赞美的”，故选A项。
3．What will happen if you make a thumb?up toward a man in Northern Greece?
A．He will stop to give you a lift.
B．He will get annoyed and fight against you.
C．He will ask you to give him a lift.
D．He will make the same signal toward you.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，在希腊北部，如果你对一个人伸出大拇指，他会认为你想打架，故选B项。
4．What's the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the meaning of different gestures.
B．To tell stories about different cultures.
C．To advise us to have an understanding of cultural differences.
D．To persuade people from different countries to live in harmony.
解析 C 写作意图题。文章开头讲述了因不了解文化差异引发不愉快的小故事，后面进一步阐述了不同国家对手势语言的不同理解，所以本文旨在建议我们要了解文化差异，故选C项。
B
课标话题 人与社会·人际关系与社会交往 体裁 说明文
词 数 341 难度
(2019·哈三中调考)Happy, angry, amazed—these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we're sending a message on our smart phones！That's why many of us now add little pictures to our texts to brighten up someone's mobile screen but we're also using them as a quick way of telling someone how we're feeling.Yes，emojis have become a vital tool for communication.
Let's clear one thing up first—there are emojis and emoticons(表情符号). The latter are little images made using normal keys on a keyboard. For example, a colon, two dots, followed by the curved line of a close brackets is a “smiley face”．
The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word “emoji” comes from the Japanese words for “picture” and “character”. The number of different images has dramatically increased since then and now we have a picture for every mood or situation.
So now we have the option to give this new creation the visual “thumbs?up” but have you thought why we've become so addicted to using emojis? Professor Vyv Evans, has written a book called The Emoji Code——he says, “What we're finding is that digital communication is taking over from certain aspects of face?to?face interaction…One of the reasons emojis are so interesting is that they really do enable us to express our emtional selves much more effectively.”
Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language—they don't use words but tell a message in pictorial form so they can be easily interpreted whatever your native language is.
Emojis are a good way for showing empathy—they are a virtual hug or a flirtatious tease. But as linguist Neil Cohn says, “To many, emojis are an exciting evolution of the way we communicate; to others, they are linguistic(语言学的) Armageddon.” It does show there is a lot more to our communication than words alone but does this mean the decline in traditional writing?
语篇导读 本文介绍了表情包的来源以及人们热衷于在交流中使用表情包的原因。
5．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The decline in traditional writing.
B．The differences between emojis and emoticons.
C．The origin of the emoji.
D．The rise of the emoji.
解析 D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了表情包成为重要交流工具的原因，即表情包的兴起，故选D项。
6．Why are emojis so appealing according to Professor Vyv Evans?
A．Because they are easy to use.
B．Because they allow us to express whatever we want.
C．Because we are capable of conveying our feelings better.
D．Because digital communication has taken the place of face?to?face communication.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，教授认为表情包有吸引力是因为通过它人们可以更加有效地表达情绪，即可以更好地表达情感，故选C项。
7．What can we know according to the passage?
A．An emoji is a small picture which is made using normal keys on a keyboard.
B．The emoticon appeared in Japan for the first time.
C．People including linguists all become crazy about emojis now.
D．Emojis have become a quicker and more effective tool to express our feelings in modern society.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第四段最后一句可知，在当今社会，表情包成了更快、更有效地表达情感的工具，故选D项。
8．What does the underlined word “Armageddon” probably refer to?
A．Nightmare. B．Excitement.
C．Preference. D．Future.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据该单词的后一句可知，因为有表情包，人们意识到不单单只有文字可以用于交流，而这对于语言学家来说并非好事，故选A项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与自我·语言学习 体裁 说明文
词 数 256 难度
Dead languages are those that no longer have a native speaking community. __1__?
Before we get into how to learn a dead language, or even an extinct language, let's take a step back and talk about what they are.
__2__,_so I think it's worth taking a moment to distinguish the two.
A dead language is a language that is no longer the native language of a community, even if it is still used in other contexts. __3__—perhaps academia or amongst individuals or in special circumstances—such as the use of Latin in the Vatican City.
In contrast, extinct languages are those that are no longer in current use and that do not have any speakers.
While scholars have tried to draw a clear line between the two, the division is still a little fuzzy. Why? Because both languages experienced the same process and no longer have any native speakers. The difference is that dead languages may still have communities that speak the language.
__4__. Maybe they are as many as hundreds of thousands. There's a lot of history on that list.
What caused so many of the languages once spoken around the world to die? In fact, there are a lot of factors that can lead to the end of a language.
Language death happens as a language is either absorbed into another—usually a minor language into a major—or the last native speaker is lost. __5__. Sometimes there are radical language deaths where the native speakers stop speaking the language, whether by force or choice.
A．Its uses tend to only exist in specific situations
B．The dead language is beneficial to the native students
C．How do you learn a language without native speakers
D．Dead languages are often confused with extinct languages
E．What do you think about the dead language spoken outside or inside
F．According to various sources, there are thousands of dead languages
G．This typically happens over a long period of time, but there are exceptions
语篇导读 本文介绍了有关死语言的一些情况。
1．解析 C 顺承关系。根据空处上下文可知，C项(没有以说这种语言为母语的人，如何学习该语言)符合语境，故选C项。
2.解析 D 因果关系。根据下文的taking a moment to distinguish the two以及In contrast, extinct languages…可知，作者在此处对比死语言与灭绝的语言的差别，解决死语言经常与灭绝的语言相混淆的问题，故选D项。
3．解析 A 总分关系。根据上句的still used in other contexts以及下文的perhaps academia or amongst individuals or in special circumstances…可知，空处与死语言运用的场合有关，A项符合语境，故选A项。
4．解析 F 递进关系。根据下文的Maybe they are as many as hundreds of thousands以及最后两段内容可知，空处与死语言的数量有关，故选F项。
5．解析 G 转折关系。根据上文讲到的死语言的发展变化并结合下文提到的有些当地人突然停止说他们的语言可知，G项符合语境，故选G项。
Ⅲ 短文改错
The day right after my seventeen ① birthday during last summer vacation, I② a visit to my grandparents. They've been living in a village outside the city ③ I had a wonderful childhood with them.I was sitting at a bus stop talking ④ my mother about what to eat for lunch. ⑤ I realized that someone was looking at me.⑥ around, I found it was Linda, the girl I had stayed with her⑦ for so long when I was a child.She was staring at me curiously.Did she recognize me, ⑧ was she just wondering who my mother and I were？I called out her name.And for ⑨ next few minutes we ⑩ hugged each other.
① 解析 此处表示次序，指“第17个”，故用序数词。
② 解析 根据前面的时间状语last summer vacation可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。
③ 解析 此处引导定语从句，先行词是地点名词a village，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。
④ 解析 talk to/with对/和某人说话，为固定搭配，talk to和talk with均符合此处语境。
⑤ 解析 soon很快，不久；sooner更快。根据语境可知，此处指“很快我意识到有人在看着我”，故用soon。
⑥ 解析 turn around和主语Ⅰ之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。
⑦ 解析 the girl后面是省略了关系代词whom/who/that的定语从句，关系代词指代的是先行词the girl，而且在定语从句中作with的宾语，故her多余。
⑧ 解析 本句为疑问句，两个句子之间为选择关系，故用表示选择的并列连词or。
⑨ 解析 “the next＋名词”在过去时态中表示“第二个……；接下来的……”，此处应是“接下来的几分钟”。
⑩ 解析 此处应用副词作状语修饰动词hugged。
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必修 4
Unit 4 Body language
1．_____________ n．宿舍
2．________ n．食堂
3．________ n．飞行；航班
4．________ vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近 n．接近；方法；途径
dormitory
canteen
flight
approach
5．________ vi.猛冲；突进
6．________ n．成年人；成人 adj.成人的；成熟的
7．________ n．西班牙
8．________ n．意大利
9．________ adj.可能的
10．______________ n．十字路口
11．________ adj.面部的
12．________ n．作用；功能；职能 vi.起作用；运转
dash
adult
Spain
Italy
likely
crossroads
facial
function
13．________ n．安逸；舒适 vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
14．________ adj.错误的；假的
15．________ n．拳头
16．________ vi.打呵欠
17．________ adj.主观的
18．________ vi.& vt.拥抱
19．________ n．等级；军衔
ease
false
fist
yawn
subjective
hug
rank
1．____________ n．陈述；说明→________ vt.陈述；声明
2．________ vi.& vt.迎接；问候→________ n．迎接；问候；招呼
3．________ vt.代表；象征→_____________ adj.有代表性的；典型的 n．代表；代理人
statement
state
greet
greeting
represent
representative
4．___________ n．社团；联系；联想→________ vt.把……联系起来
5．________ adj.好奇的→________ adv.好奇地→________n.好奇心
6．________ vt.保护；保卫→________ n．防御；保卫→___________ n．守卫者；防御者
7．________ adj.主要的→________ n．大多数
association
associate
curious
curiously
curiosity
defend
defence
defender
major
majority
8．___________________ vt.误解；误会→____________________ n．误解；误会
9．________ adj.口语的→________ adj.未说出口的；非口语的
10．________ adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→________ adj.真实的→________ n．真理
11．________ n．怒气；怒火→________ adj.生气的
misunderstand
misunderstanding
spoken
unspoken
truly
true
truth
anger
angry
1．In my view, what you have said makes yourself ____________________ by your mother. In other words, there is some __________________ between you and your mother.(misunderstand)
2．To tell you the ________,_I'm ________ grateful for your helping me make my dream come ________.(true)
misunderstood
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
misunderstanding
truth
truly
true
3．Entering a supermarket, I was warmly ________ by the greengrocer(蔬果商). His cheery ________ made me feel at home.(greet)
4．I wouldn't want to be ________ with the illegal ________.(associate)
greeted
greetings
associated
association
1．_________________ 防御；保卫……以免受
2．___________ 很可能……；有希望……
3．________ 总的来说；通常
4．________ 舒适；快活；自由自在
5．________ 丢脸
6．_______________________ 背对；背弃
7．______________ 相反地
8．________________ 接近；靠近
defend against
be likely to
in general
at ease
lose face
turn one's back to
on the contrary
get close to
1．They were afraid of risking failure because they didn't want to ___________.
2．Mountain?climbing is great fun.You'll ___________ nature and take exercise at the same time.
3．Their criticism did not discourage me.________________,_I worked even harder.
4．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it ___________ rain later on.
lose face
[选用上面的短语填空]
get close to
On the contrary
is likely to
the first Chinese writer to win
Not all are willing to do such work
is likely to result in
联想拓维
?“四观两极”词语荟萃
①optimistic乐观的 ②pessimistic悲观的
③subjective主观的 ④objective客观的
⑤negative消极的 ⑥positive积极的
?以?e结尾的形容词变为副词集锦
①true→truly ②possible→possibly
③comfortable→comfortably ④entire→entirely
⑤complete→completely ⑥fortunate→fortunately
⑦extreme→extremely ⑧gentle→gently
represent vt.代表；象征；描绘；体现；表现
representative adj.有代表性的；典型的 n．代表；代理人
1
(1)represent…as/to be 宣称……为……；把……描绘成……
represent sth to sb向某人说明/传达某事
(2)be representative of 是……的代表/典型
(3)on behalf of代表……
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)You should represent your complaints about the new discipline ________ the management.
(2)Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly ________________(represent) of the population as a whole?
(3)_______________(represent) our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
to
representative
Representing
(an) approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径
at the approach of (＝with…approaching) 在快到……的时候
approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近；处理，对付
n．接近；靠近；方法；途径；路径；通道
2
【比较网站】
approach 表示“方法”时，侧重解决问题的途径、方式，常用于an approach to中
way 表示“方式，方法”，为普通用词，常用于in the way(用这种方法), the way to do/the way of (doing) sth(做某事的方法)中
method 表示“方法”时，侧重指特别的方法、策略，常用于with a method(用一种方法), the method of/for (doing) sth(做某事的方法)中
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)All the approaches ________ the palace were guarded by troops.
(2)The job market has changed and our approach to ________(find) work must change as well.
to
finding
(1)defend sb/sth from/against 保护某人/某物免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
(2)in defence of为了保卫……
defend v．保护；保卫；辩护
defence n．[U]防御；保卫
defender n．后卫；防御者；守卫者
3
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)It is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer ____________(defend) him.
(2)All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in ________(defend) of their own homes.
to defend
defence
(1)as a general rule 一般而言；通常
(2)on the whole 总的来说
as a whole 就整体来看
in a word 总之
in general＝generally (speaking) 总的来说；通常
1
all in all总之
in conclusion总之
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)It can be really difficult for Peter to deal with the matter at times even though he's a competent person ________ general.
(2)___________(general) speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on the decrease.
(3)________ a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.
in
Generally
As
(1)with ease轻易地；毫不费力地
feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松
put/set sb at ease使某人放松
take one's ease休息；放松一下
(2)ease the pain减轻痛苦
ease one's mind使某人安心
ease sb of sth减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
at ease 舒服；快活；自由自在
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)We live in an age when more information is available _______ greater ease than ever before.
(2)Don't overwork yourself and take ________(you) ease.
(3)I eased my brother ________ his difficulty by telling him what to do.
with
your
of
(1)save one's face挽回/保全面子
make a face做个鬼脸
face to face面对面(作状语)
in (the) face of面对(问题、困难、危险等)
face?to?face adj.面对面的
(2)be faced with面对
lose face (＝lose one‘s face) 丢脸；丢面子
3
【写作微技能】——一句多译
面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。(face)
(1)______________________, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.(过去分词作状语)
(2)____________________,they never give up but try their best to find a way out.(现在分词作状语)
(3)_______________________,they never give up but try their best to find a way out.(介词短语作状语)
Faced with difficulties
Facing difficulties
In (the) face of difficulties
“the＋序数词＋名词＋to do”结构
1
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)If I have any further news about the program, you will be the first person ________(know)．
(2)The ability _________(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
(3)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ___________(contact) you failed.
to know
to express
to contact
be likely to do sth很有可能做某事
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)There is a possibility ________ the robot might uncover valuable artifacts untouched for thousands of years.
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(2)如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康很可能会受到损害。
①You _____________________ bad health if you keep smoking.
②____________________________________ bad health if you keep smoking.
that
are likely to suffer from
It is likely that you will suffer from
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The trees planted at the end of the 1990s have become a powerful ________(defend) against the strong wind.
2．As a ________________(represent) of resettled people, I support the construction of the project.
3．All the new and creative things drive all the children into a world of ________(curious).
defence
representative
curiosity
4．Would you believe that people who live with each other for 25 years actually develop similar ________(face) features?
5．There is a robot capable of understanding ________(speak) commands, though being charged high at the moment.
6．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she ________(true) feels.
facial
spoken
truly
7．_________________________(misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
8．She was put into prison because she was found ________ association with drug consuming activities.
9．She stared at her husband with ________(angry), saying that she would never forgive him.
Being misunderstood
in
anger
10．Though these facilities have been used for so many years, they _______________________(function) well, never affecting the production.
have been functioning
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It's the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child harm and danger.__________________________
2．A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached to our table.________
3．Those who are of great determination are more like to make great achievements. ________
child后加against/from
删除to
like→likely
4．Wang Yaping has become the second Chinese woman astronaut work in space.____________
5．Don't worry about meeting my parents; I'm sure they will put you on ease by being friendly and informal. ________
6．In a general, traffic accidents may happen at a crossroads.________________
work前加to
on→at
删除第一个a
7．He is a reliable and respectable man. Never has he turned his back on his friends, whether he is well or badly off. ________
8．She is studying in Peking University, majors in English Literature.____________________________________
9．Some people argue that no matter how confident a woman is, she will lose faces if her boyfriend or husband doesn't have a house. ________
on→to
majors→majoring或majors前加and
faces→face
10．As we are not familiar with the city, we are likely get lost on the way back to the hotel.________
get前加to
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads.
Yesterday, another student and I, 1.__________(represent) our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport 2.________(meet) this year's international students. It is this experience that told me a lot more about the cultural “body language”．
representing
to meet
The first person who arrived was Tony Garcia from Colombia，3.________(close) followed by Julia Smith from Britain. When they were introduced 4.________ each other, Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her 5.________ the cheek. Julia stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in 6.________(smile), together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to Akira Nagata while Akira Nagata bowed so his nose touched George's 7.________(move) hand, and they both apologized. Cultural mistakes!
closely
to
on
smiling
moving
These are examples of cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they 8.____________(comfort) touching strangers or being too close or too far away. In the same way that people communicate with 9.________(speak) language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through 10.________(keep) physical distance, actions or postures.
comfortable
spoken
keeping
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
Body language is 1.___________________________(交流的一种方式). 2.__________________________(一般来说), people from different cultures 3.______________________ ___________(有着不同的打招呼的方式). Some hug and some shake hands. They 4._____________________________ _____________________(有时很可能引起误会).
a way of communication
In general/Generally speaking
have different ways to greet
each other
are likely to lead to
misunderstanding
So when abroad, we should know 5.___________________________(我们代表着自己的国家) and try 6._______________________(不要丢脸); while at home, we should try 7.______________________(让异国他乡的人感觉放松). It's important to have a good understanding of the body language.
we are representing our country
not to lose face
to put foreigners at ease
