课时达标(三十四) Unit 4 Sharing
(见学用课时P79)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·公益事业与志愿服务 体裁 应用文
词 数 175 难度
◆Quick Facts
Imagine contributing to the livelihoods and education of children, or the local farming methods of the community in Ghanaian village. This is an opportunity for you to connect with West African culture. Supported by volunteers from around the world, the community will have a more positive change.
Location: Ghana
Date: flexible dates available
Time: 2 weeks to 6 months
◆Focus Points
*Children
*Education
*Environment
*Poverty
*Food & Agriculture
◆Program Cost
$200 application fee＋$400 per week(1～4 weeks), and $200 per week after this. This includes accommodation, meals, management, direction, training, and airport pickup.
Several different projects are available, including：
*Children's Project
*Farming Project
*Teaching Project
The GVN Foundation is the fund?raising arm of Bamboo. To learn more about any of these amazing opportunities, please see the following link to Bamboo's website and click on “more details” at http：//www.wearebamboo.com/volunteer/ghana/.
◆Language Needed
English(fluent)
◆Volunteers for the Ghana program must：
*be grown?ups(over 18)
*obtain a satisfactory police check from your home country prior to volunteering
*be able to speak English fluently
◆Detailed Location Information
See the Ghana info pack by clicking on “more details” for your chosen project here: http：//www.bamboo?gun.org/volunteer/ghana/.
语篇导读 本文是一则广告，呼吁全世界的志愿者来参加帮助西非国家加纳的志愿活动。
1．What can you do after being accepted to do the volunteer work?
A．Choose your proper time to stay there.
B．Obtain the fund from the local police.
C．Freely choose your own workmates.
D．Go to any African country.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据Quick Facts下面的Date: flexible dates available可知，志愿者去参加活动的时间是灵活的，即可以自由选择合适的时间，故选A项。
2．How much should a volunteer pay for the program for five weeks?
A．$200. B．$400.
C．$2,000. D．$2,400.
解析 C 数字计算题。根据Program Cost下面的第一句可知，申请费用是$200，待1～4周每周收$400，超过4周后的每周收$200。因此，5周的费用为：200＋400×4＋200＝2 000(美元)，故选C项。
3．What is a must for the volunteers?
A．Speaking English as their mother tongue.
B．Being able to cook meals.
C．Volunteer experience.
D．An adult age.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据Volunteers for the Ghana program must下面的be grown?ups(over 18)可知，志愿者必须是成年人，故选D项。
B
课标话题 人与社会·公益事业与志愿服务 体裁 记叙文
词 数 327 难度
James Harrison, who was entitled “The Man with the Golden Arm”， has donated blood almost every week, saving more than two million babies in the process.
Harrison told CNN, an American channel, about why he chooses to donate, even though it's not the most pleasurable experience：“Never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I can't stand the sight of blood, and I can't stand the pain.”
An amazingly unique antibody(抗体) in Harrison's blood makes it a true lifesaver for babies who could be affected by rhesus disease(Rh溶血症)．
The condition occurs during some pregnancies, when a woman who has rhesus?negative blood produces antibodies that destroy her babies' cells. This can happen when the baby has the same rhesus?positive blood as the father. Rhesus disease can cause health issues in babies. It can even result in death.
Harrison's blood helped physicians develop an injection called Anti?D in the 1960s, which prevents women who have rhesus?negative blood from developing the harmful antibodies while pregnant. After Harrison completes one of his routine donations, his blood can be used to create more vaccines(疫苗)．
“I started donating in 1955, two days after I turned 18，” Harrison said when he completed his 1, 075th donation.
As CNN reported, every Anti?D vaccine created in Australia has something to do with a donation from Harrison, who holds the record for the most blood donations in Australia.
“A number of mothers have come up to me and said, ‘Thank you very much for what you've done because I now have one, two, three healthy children.'” Harrison said.
Harrison's own daughter, Tracey Mellowship, had been one of the 17 percent of women who need Anti?D during their pregnancy. The injection helped guarantee her second son would be born healthy.
“Dad had always donated—we knew that，” Mellowship said. “But it didn't hit home until I was pregnant and knew the consequences.”
语篇导读 本文讲述了澳大利亚献血最多的人James Harrison的故事。
4．From the first two paragraphs we can infer that Harrison is ________.
A．humorous and smart B．optimistic but weak
C．friendly but nervous D．brave and unselfish
解析 D 推理判断题。根据第一段Harrison几乎每周义务献血可知，他是无私的；根据第二段可知，他受不了见血和针扎的疼痛，但他依然坚持频繁献血，因此他非常勇敢，故选D项。
5．Babies affected by rhesus disease ________.
A．grow problematic cells
B．can't form blood themselves
C．develop the disease after being born
D．have the same blood type as their mothers
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的produces antibodies that destroy her babies' cells可知，Rh溶血症患儿的细胞被破坏，即会变成问题细胞，故选A项。
6．Harrison's blood can ________.
A．help patients develop Anti?D
B．cure rhesus disease affected babies
C．avoid the risk of rhesus disease
D．stop babies from producing antibodies
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知，他的血液可以帮助医生研发Anti?D，从而避免Rh阴性血的孕妇产生伤害胎儿的抗体，即可预防溶血症，故选C项。
【误区警示】本题易误选A项，根据第五段中的helped physicians develop an injection可知，他的血液能帮助医生研制注射液，而不是直接帮助病人研制。
7．Before Mellowship was injected Anti?D, her family didn't ________.
A．understand the meaning of Harrison's act
B．expect she would have another healthy son
C．know Harrison held a record for donating blood
D．realize the high rate of potential rhesus disease
解析 A 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，B、C项错误；D项内容文中未提及；而A项中的understand the meaning对应原文中的knew the consequences，故选A项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与自我·健康的生活方式 体裁 说明文
词 数 302 难度
(2019·辽宁五校协作体模拟)
How to Overcome Depression
Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month. Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily life. To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you're feeling are the symptoms of depression. __1__ While medications can help relieve these symptoms, it is still important for depressed people to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it.
Keep yourself busy. Fill your schedule with events and activities you love. Keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your list. You can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the night before. __2__
Improve your diet. __3__ Even if you're losing your appetite, you need to be determined to eat three meals a day. You don't need to try to lose weight or be incredibly health?conscious when you're dealing with your depression, but eating healthier food regularly will improve your mental and physical state.
Think positively. Being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way that fills you with hope instead of despair. To think more positively, you should learn how to recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever you can. For a jumpstart, find at least five things to be grateful for. __4__
__5__ Neglecting personal hygiene(卫生) is a common side effect of depression. While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself. Shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.
A．Control your emotions.
B．Improve your appearance.
C．Most importantly, be happy about every single day.
D．Whichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.
E．However, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.
F．Eating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.
G．If you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了几种克服抑郁症的方法。
1．解析 G 诠释关系。根据空前一句可知，空处应讲如何辨别抑郁症，G项(如果你感觉悲伤、孤独、无价值，你可能正患有抑郁症)符合语境，故选G项。
2．解析 D 递进关系。空处所在段主要讲通过制订计划、做事对抗抑郁，选项中只有D项符合语境；D项中的Whichever method对应空前一句列举的方法，故选D项。
3．解析 F 顺承关系。根据小标题Improve your diet，并结合空处下文可知，该段关键词为diet，F项中的diet与之呼应，故选F项。
4．解析 C 递进关系。根据小标题Think positively及下文可知，该段核心为积极思考。C项(最重要的是每天都要开心)符合语境，其中的happy对应positive，故选C项。
5．解析 B 总分关系。根据篇章结构可知，空处为该段的主题句；再根据下文可知，该段围绕appearance展开，故选B项。
Ⅲ 短文改错
I'll never forget the experience as a volunteer for an international marathon race.
As one of the three volunteers ① from our school, I felt excited.In ② spare time I practiced a great deal of③， especially in my spoken English to ensure the best service.Then ④ the day.Early in the morning I arrived ⑤ the match would begin and found many volunteers already there ⑥ preparations.During the match, I, with the others, ⑦ busy helping the runners all the time.We were highly praised for ⑧ we did, without which the race / ⑨ have been a success.
It was my first time to be a volunteer for ⑩ important a sport event, which made me proud.
① 解析 此处volunteers与select之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
② 解析 主语为I，指代应一致，故用my修饰time。
③ 解析 a great deal可单独使用，也可用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示“大量；许多”；a great deal of只能用在不可数名词前，表示“大量的”。此处用于修饰动词practiced，应用a great deal。
④ 解析 根据语境可知，作者做志愿者的事情发生在过去，且全文主体时态为一般过去时，故本句也用一般过去时。
⑤ 解析 分析句子结构可知，arrived后为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
⑥ 解析 此处为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，根据句意可知“作准备”的动作正在进行，故用现在分词作宾补。
⑦ 解析 本句主语为I，其后的with the others为伴随状语，因此，谓语动词应用单数形式。
⑧ 解析 for后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处指“……事情”，故用what。
⑨ 解析 根据without which及句意可知，此处用双重否定表示肯定意义，故将could改为couldn't或在could后加not。
⑩ 解析 important为形容词，应用副词so修饰；such用于修饰名词。
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选修 7
Unit 4 Sharing
1．________ n．两星期
2．________ n．观念；概念
3．________ adj.遥远的；偏僻的
4．________ n．杂草；野草 vt.& vi.除杂草
fortnight
concept
remote
weed
5．________ vi.& vt.嗅；闻
6．__________ conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面
adj.别的；另外的；不同的
7．________ n．宇航员；太空人
8．________ n．角，角度
9．________ n．目录
10．________ vt.& n．买；购买
sniff
otherwise
astronaut
angle
catalogue
purchase
11．_____________ n．周年纪念(日)
12．________ vi.(用针线)缝 vt.缝制；缝合
13．________ n．树干；躯干；大衣箱
14．________ vi.& vt.(使)发出咔嗒声 n．咔嗒声
anniversary
sew
trunk
click
1．________ adj.泥泞的；泥土般的→________ n．泥 vt.弄脏；用泥涂
2．________ adj.有关的；切题的→________ n．中肯；切题→________ adv.有关地；切题地→________ adj.无关的；不切题的
muddy
mud
relevant
relevance
relevantly
irrelevant
3．________ vt.& vi.调整；(使)适合→_____________ adj.可调整的→_____________ n．调整；调节；适应
4．_____________ vi.参与；参加→_____________ n．参与；分担→_______________ n．参与者
5．_____________ n．作口译的人→____________ vi.解释；翻译 vt.说明；口译
adjust
adjustable
adjustment
participate
participation
participant
interpreter
interpret
6．__________ n．特权；特别优待→____________ adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的
7．______________ n．安排；排列→________ v．安排；排列
8．________ vt.捐赠；赠送→________ n．捐赠→___________ n．捐赠者
9．____________ adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→________ n．自愿者；志愿者 vi.自愿做……
privilege
privileged
arrangement
arrange
donate
donation
donator
voluntary
volunteer
10．________ n．种子；萌芽→________ n．秧苗；树苗
11．____________ vt.分配；分发→__________ n．分配；分发；分布状态
12．________ n．安全；保护；保障→________ vt.使安全
13．________ vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→____________ n．手术；运转→____________ n．操作人员
seed
seedling
distribute
distribution
security
secure
operate
operation
operator
1．People were all grateful to the soldiers fighting against the flood in order to ________ the ________ of people's life and belongings.(secure)
2．My son planted some ________ in the dirt and they grew into __________, bringing him a sense of achievement.(seed)
secure
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
security
seeds
seedlings
3．Miss Lu is a famous ____________,who is now ____________ for a grand conference.(interpret)
4．The new ________ wasn't able to ________ the machine well and his improper ________ led to the breakdown of the machine.(operate)
interpreter
interpreting
operator
operate
operation
1．________ 接到……的信
2．_______________ 极想；渴望
3．_____________ 不久前的一天
4．___________ 偶然遇到或发现；碰见
5．______________ 与……有关
6．________ (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
hear from
(be) dying to
the other day
come across
be relevant to
dry out
7．________ (指河流、井等)干涸
8．________ 在困难中；在危急中
9．_____________ 参加……；参与……
10．______________ 把……分配给……
dry up
in need
participate in
distribute…to
1．I am looking forward to _____________ you at your earliest convenience.
2．I am glad that you like the gift I bought you online ______________.
3．During the drought, the river ________;as a result, many fish died.
4．In summer, you should water the plants regularly and never let the soil ________.
hearing from
[选用上面的短语填空]
the other day
dried up
dry out
whether they can finish the project
from where you can find
not in the result but in the experience
联想拓维
?后缀为?ty的常用名词
①safety安全 ②cruelty残忍
③necessity必需品；需要 ④security安全
⑤similarity相似(性) ⑥curiosity好奇心
?“有关的”单词
①relevant有关的 ②concerned有关的
③relative相关的 ④related相关的
⑤involved有关联的；牵涉的 ⑥pertinent相关的
relevant adj.有关的；切题的
relevance n．中肯；切题
relevantly adv.有关地；切题地
irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的
1
(1)be relevant to (＝have sth to do with) 与……有关
(2)be irrelevant to与……不相关
totally/completely/largely irrelevant完全/绝对/大部
分无关的
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)I don't think his remarks are relevant ________ our discussion.
(2)The documents are totally ________(relevance) to the present investigation. That is, they are useless.
to
irrelevant
(1)adjust sth调整/整理……
adjust…to调整……以适应……
adjust to 适应……
adjust to doing sth适应做某事
adjust/adapt oneself to使自己适应于……
(2)make an adjustment作出调整
adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合
adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的
adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
2
to
(2)When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to ________(live) on his own.
(3)Everybody knows that we need to make some necessary ___________(adjust) to this new situation and need to get better.
living
adjustments
【写作微技能】——高考小作文
(4)(天津卷书面表达)然而，虽然天气、食物与你们那里的不同，我认为你会很快适应的。
However, I think that ____________________________ although the weather and the food are different from yours.
you will quickly adjust to them
participate with sb in sth 与某人分担某事/同某人参与某事
participate in (doing) sth参与(做)某事
participate vi.参与；参加；分享
participation n．参与；分担；共享
participant n．参与者；共享者
3
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)All students are encouraged to participate ________ managing the college.
(2)All the ______________(participate) in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.
(3)Things will turn for the better if you can work out some ____________(participate) rules for the members to obey.
in
participants
participation
(1)otherwise conj.＝or (else)/if not
(2)otherwise adj.＝other/different
(3)or otherwise或其他情况；或相反
otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面
adj.另外的；其他的；不同的
4
【提示】 当otherwise后面接句子，表示假想的或与事实相反的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Pay attention to your health, ________,you would suffer from many diseases.
(2)We lost our way in that small village; otherwise we would ______________(visit) more places of interest yesterday.
otherwise
have visited
(1)donate…to向……捐赠……
(2)make a donation to向……捐赠
collect donations for为……募捐
donate vt.捐赠；赠送
donation n．捐献，捐赠；捐款；捐赠物
donator n．捐赠者，赠送者
5
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Charities appealed for ________(donate) of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.
(2)They used to donate large sum of money ________ the Red Cross every year.
donations
to
(1)distribute…to把……分配/分发给……
distribute sth among在……中分发某物
(2)have a wide distribution 分布广泛
distribute vt.分配；分发
distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
6
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags ________ them.
(2)Who will be in charge of the _____________(distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?
(3)This species of butterfly is widely __________(distribute) all over our country.
among/to
distribution
distributed
operate vi.工作；运转；起作用；动手术 vt.操作；经营
operation n．手术；运转
operator n．操作人员；技工
7
起作用
操作
(3)The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.________
(1)operate on sb给某人动手术
(2)come/go into operation开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring…into operation投入运转；使生效
经营
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(4)It's a wonderful scheme, and he's just the man to put it into ________(operate)．
(5)I am afraid your leg will have to ____________(operate) on; there is no other way to stop the pain.
operation
be operated
be dying/eager/anxious to do sth＝long to do sth渴望做某事
be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth＝long for sth渴望得到某物
(be) dying to 极想；渴望
1
to know
(2)Mike is eager ________(stay) away from the busy city life for a while.
(3)Having been working for a month without a single day off, she is dying ________ a holiday to relax herself.
to stay
for
【写作微技能】——词汇升级
(4)我听说你渴望得到一些关于如何缓解压力的建议。
①普通表达：I heard you __________________ some advice on how to relieve your stress.
②高级表达：I heard you _________________ some advice on how to relieve your stress.
really want to get
are dying for/to get
in need of需要……
satisfy/meet one's needs满足某人的需要
there is no need (for sb) to do sth (某人)没有必要做某事
in need 在困难中；在危急中
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children ________ need.
(2)They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their ________(need)．
(3)There is no need ________(put) the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.
in
needs
to put
from where… 从那里……
1
【句式点拨】
句中from where引导定语从句，修饰a ridge；在“介词＋引导词”型定语从句中，引导词常为which或whom，引导词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where和since when。
from where主要有以下两种用法：
(1)相当于 and from there(从那儿)，用于引导非限制性定语从句。
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(1)我已经买下了那幢房屋，从那里我可以欣赏到长江大桥的壮丽风光。
①I have bought that house, _______________ I can enjoy the splendid scene of the Yangtse River.(并列句)
②I have bought that house, __________ I can enjoy the splendid scene of the Yangtse River.(定语从句)
and from there
from where
(2)我和Stephen先生结识了，从那以后我们分享了许多有关克隆技术的知识。
①I made the acquaintance of Mr Stephen, ___________ we have shared a lot concerning cloning technology. (并列句)
②I made the acquaintance of Mr Stephen, __________ we have shared a lot concerning cloning technology. (定语从句)
and since then
since when
not…but… 不是……而是……
2
【拓展】 not only…but (also)…， either…or…， neither…nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数也遵循“就近一致”原则；as well as、 together with等连接主语时，谓语动词的数与前一主语保持一致。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that ________(make) him a scientist.
makes
【写作微技能】——补全句子
(2)对于环保，不是我们说了什么，而是我们做了什么才起作用。
As for environmental protection, it is ______________________________ that makes a difference.
not what we say but what we do
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Brought up in the countryside, little Jack finds it rather hard to adjust ________(he) to the city life.
2．Much new knowledge is remote________ the immediate interest of the ordinary persons.
3．If this product isn't satisfactory, please return it to the manufacturer stating when and where it _____________(purchase)．
himself
from
was purchased
4．The travel company made ______________(arrange) for our hotels and flights.
5．The meeting held ________(week) usually lasts about two hours, which makes the staff bored.
6．We consider ourselves ____________(privilege) to have been invited to give a speech here.
7．Some ___________(volunteer) organizations run workshops for disabled people.
arrangements
weekly
privileged
voluntary
8．Don't refer to a dictionary every time you come ________ an unknown word.
9．In the west of China, the hot sun in summer and cold wind in winter can soon dry ________ your skin.
10．Honestly speaking, I doubt ________they will finish the hard task only in a week.
across
out
whether
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Helen has borrowed my book the other day, saying that she would return it soon.________
2．The story suggests that the best way to show love is to help those that are in need.________________
3．It is really privilege for me to work as an interpreter in the company. __________________
删除has
第二个that→who
privilege前加a
4．He missed his mother so much that he was died to meet her at the airport.____________
5．There is no need to trying to chase things that are beyond one's ability. _____________
6．We want to make a donation for the Hope Project, so we are organizing a charity show.________
7．I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, what you are doing and how you do it in your life.________________
died→dying
trying→try
for→to
what前加but
8．They stood on the top of the building, from which they could see the whole city._______________
9．It's said that the school will put the new rules in operation next Monday. ________
10．The children must have got lost in the woods, or otherwise, they could have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.________
which→where
in→into
删除or
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Jo worked as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea for two years. The high school 1.________ she worked was a bush school, whose classrooms were made 2.________ bamboo and grass.
Sometimes Jo wondered whether chemistry was relevant 3.________ the kids, but she was trying to make 4.________ difference to the boys' lives.
where
of
to
a
The 5.________ day, Jo and Jenny paid a visit to a remote village 6.________ was the home of one of the boys, Tombe. When they arrived, Tombe's mother，who 7._________________(pull) weeds in her garden, started crying “ieeee, ieeee” to show welcome and his father let them into his house, a low bamboo hut with grass 8.________(stick) out of the roof.
other
which
had been pulling
sticking
They had a meal together, sitting round the fire. Jo loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though she could not participate 9.________ the conversation.
Jo left the village the next morning, tired yet happy, for she thought it was a privilege 10.____________(spend) a day with the family.
in
to have spent
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
A fortnight ago, unfortunately, a distant village was struck by floods. It's reported that a large number of people 1.________________________________________(向需要帮助的人们捐赠). Additionally, 2.______________________ ______________(其他人为幸存者购买必需品).
made a donation to the people in need
others purchased necessities
for the survivors
Much to our delight, 3.________________________________ _____________________________(很多志愿者也参与了救援工作). In fact, 4.________________________________ __________(每个人都很渴望为他们做些事)．It was with the joint efforts that the village was rebuilt in a short time.
a great many volunteers participated in
the rescue work as well
everyone was dying to do something
for them
