课时达标(二十五) Unit 5 First aid
建议时间/100分钟
(见学用课时P57)
阅读提速练
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 体裁 应用文
词 数 257 难度
Notice: Medical Alert(警报)
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Sincerely，
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语篇导读 本文介绍了一款可预警独居老人摔倒的医疗警报系统。
1．Why are there an increasing number of medical related emergencies?
A．Old people's quality of life is down at present.
B．The old are not paying attention to their health.
C．The overall health of the old is worse than before.
D．Many old people have no one to keep them company.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，独居老人的增多使得与医疗相关的紧急情况增多，即老人缺少陪伴者是这种现象的原因，故选D项。
2．What's the main advantage of the system mentioned in the text?
A．Preventing falls.
B．Serving as an alarm.
C．Replacing doctors.
D．Improving health and mind.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段最后一句可知，这种系统可以自动探测到老人摔倒，主要起警报作用，故选B项。
3．What benefit can the first 100 callers to order get?
A．Buy the system at $300.
B．Get a copy of Reader's Digest.
C．Have a pendant at a discount.
D．Get all?day monitoring and help.
解析 D 细节理解题。 根据文章中前100名打电话购买者可得到的好处中的第二条可知，他们可以得到全天候的监控和帮助，故选D项。
B
课标话题 人与自然·自然环境保护 体裁 说明文
词 数 340 难度
(2019·福建三明统测)From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause. But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly, it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate.
According to an essay published by the U．S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao—the plant from which chocolate is produced—may mean that it will soon become extinct.
Most of the world's cacao grows in countries close to the equator, with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast. It's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there. The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity(湿度), as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.
“In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants，it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture(水分) loss，” Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.
To help fight this problem，researchers from UC Berkeley in the U．S. are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to U．S. News. In the meantime, the U．S. company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.
“This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together，” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.
The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.
语篇导读 由于气候变化，为巧克力提供原料的可可树未来可能会灭绝，这可能将导致巧克力成为历史。各方正在努力采取措施，试图拯救可可树。
4．What could make it hard for cacao plants to survive around the equator in the future?
A．The increased heat there.
B．The higher humidity there.
C．The decrease in rainfall there.
D．The moisture loss in the soil and plants there.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段可知，赤道附近的可可树未来很难存活的原因在于气温的升高导致土壤和植物中的水分流失，故选D项。
5.What does the underlined word “offset” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．Hold back. B．Make up for.
C．Protect. D．Accept.
解析 B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的In other words可知，本句是对第三段最后一句的解释说明，应与其含义相近。由此可知，此处应表示，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，而降雨量不太可能增加到足以弥补流失的水分，据此可推断，offset意为“弥补”，故选B项。
6．What will the U．S. company Mars do to help cacao survive?
A．It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.
B．It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.
C．It will give financial support to help fight climate change.
D．It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，美国Mars公司将为减轻气候变化带来的影响投入10亿美元，即为应对气候变化提供资金援助，故选C项。
7．What may be the best title of this text?
A．Chocolate Could Become History
B．Work Together to Fight Climate Change
C．How Do We Grow Cacao in the Future?
D．How Do Cacao Plants Affect Climate Change?
解析 A 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段最后一句可知，巧克力可能会成为历史，故选A项。
C
课标话题 人与社会·社会热点问题 体裁 议论文
词 数 327 难度
The 45?year?old was walking off Boston's Orange Line train at Massachusetts Avenue around 5：30 p．m. on Friday when she lost her footing and threw herself down the gap, giving her a deep cut that went right down to the bone. Her fellow passengers helped push the train to the side and free her, but even as she thanked them, shaking and weeping for the pain, she begged them not to call an ambulance because it cost too much. “Do you know how much an ambulance costs？” she said. “It's $3,000. I can't afford that.”
The woman's heartbreaking requests have caused again the debate over health care in the U．S., with many describing it as “barbaric” that someone should be forced to choose between life and debt.
“It is absolutely shameful that someone has to worry about the cost of an ambulance in a situation like that. My thoughts are with her，” said the Twitter user Yalina. Another wrote：“We need universal health care badly. An accident shouldn't force you to choose between a heavy debt and permanent injury/death.”
Actually, Americans spend more money on health care than any other people, and health care spending rocketed by $900 billion between 1996 and 2013. By 2013, total health care spending hit $2.1 trillion. The researchers say that figure has now likely risen to more than $3.2 trillion, which equals 18 percent of the country's economy. But while the spending increased, American's life expectancy has remained short—with an average of 79 years old, compared to the global average of 83 years old.
The tweet(推特) that started the debate came from The Boston Globe reporter Maria Cramer who was on the platform when the woman got her leg trapped. The tweet has been shared and liked tens of thousands of times. Meanwhile, the victim who has not been named, was eventually taken to the Boston Medical Center, where she would need surgery.
语篇导读 一位女士即使身受重伤也不愿意叫救护车的事件再次引发了美国民众对政府医疗服务的热议。
8．Which of the following best explains “barbaric” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A．Cruel. B．Painful.
C．Unwise. D．Heartbreaking.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，有人不得不在生命和债务之间作出选择，这是残忍的事，故选A项。
9．According to Paragraph 3, what is debated hotly?
A．Concerns over the accident.
B．Inappropriate behavior in the media.
C．Dissatisfaction with U．S. health care.
D．Anger at the poor ambulance service.
解析 C 推理判断题。第三段描述了美国民众在媒体上对此事的评论，表达了对美国医疗服务的不满，故选C项。
10．What do we know about U．S. health care?
A．High health care spending has its intended effect.
B．American's life expectancy is below the global average.
C．The government has cut down on health care spending.
D．More health care spending increases life expectancy greatly.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，美国民众的预期寿命低于世界平均水平，故选B项。
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．I Can't Afford That
B．An Accident Caused a Revolution
C．US Health Care Spending Is Rocketing
D．A Passenger Got Caught
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文由一名女士因负担不起医疗费用而乞求不要叫救护车这一事件引入话题，这一事件再次激起了美国民众对医疗服务的热议。A项既是该女士的原话，也是引发热议的根源所在，故选A项。
D
课标话题 人与社会·不同民族文化习俗 体裁 说明文
词 数 281 难度
(2019·南宁二中摸底)The hit movie Notting Hill(《诺丁山》)begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry.”
His actions in this scene are very British.If Roberts' character were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well—even if the crash were not her fault.But this doesn't happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the U．S.
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not.In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No. I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete over who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the U．K., thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in British class system.“We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.” Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts.For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry.To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry！”
True manners are about being considerate, and today's constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.The word “sorry” has lost some of its original meanings.
Do you see my point? Sorry.It might just be a British thing.
语篇导读 本文用电影《诺丁山》里的一个场景引出话题——英国人爱说“sorry”，分析了产生这种现象的原因。
12．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?
A．To give an example of British modesty.
B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry.
C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the U．K.
D．To draw our attention and lead to the topic.
解析 D 写作意图题。一般来说，文章开头的故事用来引起读者的兴趣，导入主题，再结合下文内容可知，此处也符合这一写作手法，故选D项。
13．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrell agree with?
A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible.
B．Americans care less about manners than British people do.
C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.
D．British people care too much about which social class they are from.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，Mark Tyrell认为英国人爱说“sorry”这一现象根植于英国的阶级体系，故选C项。
14．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It's unnecessary for British people to be so polite.
B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.
C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”．
D．Using “sorry” more doesn't necessarily mean people are more polite.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，如今频繁地使用“sorry”或许意味着现在的人们没有以前那么体贴，即如今多次地使用“sorry”这个词不一定代表有礼貌，故选D项。
15．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry.
B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”．
C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time.
D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.
解析 B 写作意图题。第一段以电影场景开篇，点出话题“英国人爱说‘sorry’”，下文侧重分析这一现象产生的原因，故选B项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 体裁 说明文
词 数 245 难度
Scientists in Denmark have developed a venom(毒液) test machine to help doctors treat victims of snakebites. The machine was created to be simple and has only two pieces of equipment: a centrifuge(离心机) and a smartphone.
For victims, surviving snakebites requires the use of a treatment, known as anti?venom. __1__,_because the victim must first know which kind of snake produces this kind of venom. The venom test machine can help address this problem.
__2__. The different protein patterns in the venom can be used to determine the type of snake. Scientist Catherine Larsen from the Technical University of Denmark(DTU) said researchers found these patterns after testing different snake venoms with different small proteins(蛋白质). Ivan Douka is also with DTU. He explained that the machine works by using a smartphone app from the patient.To create the sample(样本), the patient's red blood cells need to first be separated. This is done by using a centrifuge. __3__,_and 30 minutes later, the sample is placed into another container, which is used with a piece of equipment that analyzes the liquid by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed by it. After that, connect that equipment to a smartphone, which has an app to show the results. __4__.
Andreas Laustsen, another DTU scientist, said the test machine will help doctors make quicker, possibly life?saving decisions. __5__. Those bites kill at least 100,000 people, and cause around 400,000 people to lose their arm or leg.
A．A smartphone is fixed onto a container
B．The sample is then put into a special container
C．Snake venom is made up of various protein patterns
D．However, receiving the correct form of treatment can be difficult
E．The proteins in snake venom have very specific effects on other creatures
F．The app then identifies the type of snake and suggests the most effective anti?venom
G．The team's work could help about five million people who are bitten by snakes each year
语篇导读 丹麦的科学家发明了一个毒液检测机，可以帮助医生治疗被蛇咬伤的患者。
【熟词生义】address常用义：n.地址 生义：v.(着手)解决，处理(问题)
1．解析 D 转折关系。空前提到“被毒蛇咬伤的幸存者需要接受抗毒液治疗”，空后提到“因为受害者必须首先知道哪种蛇会产生这种毒液”，D项(然而，接受正确的治疗可能会很困难)承上启下，故选D项。
2．解析 C 顺承关系。根据空后一句可知，空处应与protein patterns有关，C项包含关键词protein patterns且符合语境，故选C项。
3．解析 B 顺承关系。B项中的a special container与空后的another container相对应且对象均为the sample，衔接紧密，故选B项。
4．解析 F 顺承关系。根据空前的which has an app to show the results可知，F项(然后，该应用程序识别出蛇的种类，并给出最有效的抗毒液)符合语境，其中的The app对应空前的an app，故选F项。
5．解析 G 递进关系。空后的Those bites对应G项中提到的每年约500万人被蛇咬伤的事实，故选G项。
语言知识运用练与写作规范练
Ⅲ 完形填空
课标话题 人与社会·社会热点问题 体裁 夹叙夹议文
词 数 292 难度
Dave worked as a professional speaker. After working for a long time, Dave had to go through painful throat surgery, and his __1__ was frightening and upsetting.
He told me his surgeon was competent and the hospital workers were __2__,_but the cold indifference of the line of nurses and doctors who came in and out of his room __3__ was one of the most __4__ experiences of his life.
They treated Dave's disease rather than treating him as a person with a __5__,_often talking in front of him as if he were a __6__ animal who couldn't understand or wouldn't mind what they were __7__. Although they were assigned to look after him, they acted as if they didn't __8__. Their behavior was completely __9__.
I can understand why medical practitioners keep an emotional __10__ from human suffering as a from of self?protection. And I understand __11__ confronting difficult and demanding patients as well as pain, disease, and death on a daily basis can __12__ calluses(老茧) around one's heart. But when professional distance translates to __13__,_it is a form of bad practice.
The job of medical professionals is not __14__ to cure disease but to care for the overall well?being of patients. They do their jobs best when they help __15__ get better and help them feel better.
What __16__ him, Dave said, wasn't the pain?killing drugs but the __17__ of a few nurses who uplifted his spirits by __18__ acts of human decency—a smile, a kind word, a compassionate expression or tone—that __19__ the message that they truly cared.
We have to love and admire those who can bring their __20__ to their work, knowing that mental sunshine and flowers are powerful medicines.
1．A．performance B．adventure
C．experience D．course
2．A.hospitable B．skilled
C．lazy D．kind
3．A.nervously B．slowly
C．busily D．coldly
4．A.miserable B．wonderful
C．comfortable D．thrilling
5．A.disease B．sense
C．life D．danger
6．A.dangerous B．fierce
C．numb D．gentle
7．A.operating B．saying
C．joking D．laughing
8．A.know B．care
C．worry D．notice
9．A.aggressive B．social
C．good D．bad
10．A.distance B．response
C．condition D．state
11．A.why B．when
C．how D．whether
12．A.form B．gather
C．cover D．produce
13．A.disinterest B．disrespect
C．disappointment D．discouragement
14．A.exactly B．completely
C．fully D．only
15．A.failures B．losers
C．patients D．victims
16．A.saved B．surprised
C．frightened D．moved
17．A.courage B．attitude
C．position D．character
18．A.direct B．complex
C．mysterious D．simple
19．A.conveyed B．received
C．spread D．left
20．A.feelings B．moods
C．hearts D．sufferings
语篇导读 作者的朋友Dave在医院遭到医护人员的冷漠对待，作者认为医护人员不应该只是治疗疾病，更应该关注患者的心理感受。
1．解析 C 根据下文讲的故事及第二段中的提示词experiences可知，这是Dave在医院的一段经历(experience)，故选C项。
2．解析 B 空前提到外科医生是能干的，根据and可知，医院工作人员应该也是技术熟练的(skilled)，故选B项。
3．解析 D 根据空前的but the cold indifference of the line…可推知，此处为同义复现。coldly冷漠的，符合语境，故选D项。
4．解析 A 根据下文可知这是Dave一生中最痛苦的(miserable)经历之一。wonderful极好的；comfortable舒服的；thrilling令人激动的，故选A项。
5．解析 A 根据语境可知，医生对待Dave不像是对待一个有疾病(disease)的人。此处的disease为原词复现，故选A项。
6．解析 C 根据空后的who couldn't understand or wouldn't mind可知，此处是说Dave认为医生把他当作一只麻木的(numb)动物一样对待，故选C项。
7．解析 B 根据句意可知，Dave认为医生似乎觉得他听不懂也不介意他们说(say)的话，故选B项。
8．解析 B 根据倒数第二段中的the message that they truly cared可知，此处为原词复现，应用care(在乎)，故选B项。
9．解析 D 上文提到，这是Dave一生中最痛苦的经历之一，由此可知，医护人员的行为非常糟糕(bad)。aggressive有攻击性的；social社会的；good好的，故选D项。
10．解析 A 根据第13空所在句可知，此处指医护人员会和病人在情感上保持一段距离(distance)。response回应；condition条件，状况；state状态，故选A项。
11．解析 C 句意：并且我理解每天面对不易相处的和要求苛刻的病人，以及面对痛苦、疾病和死亡会怎样(how)让人心形成(form)老茧，故选C项。
12．解析 A 参见上题解析，故选A项。
13．解析 B 句意：但是当职业的距离感变成失礼(disrespect)，这就是一种不好的做法。disinterest不感兴趣；disappointment失望；discouragement灰心，泄气，故选B项。
14．解析 D 根据空后的but to care for the overall well?being of patients可知， 此处是说医护人员的工作不只是(only)治病。exactly确切地；completely完全地；fully充分地，故选D项。
15．解析 C 根据常识可知，医护人员应是帮助患者(patient)康复，故选C项。
16．解析 A 根据下文中的uplifted his spirits可知，此处表示拯救(save)了Dave，故选A项。
17．解析 B 根据下文可知，此处表示拯救了Dave的不是止痛药，而是几个护士充满关怀的态度(attitude)，故选B项。
18．解析 D 根据空后的a smile, a kind word, a compassionate expression or tone可知，护士是通过几个简单的(simple)举动使Dave振作精神的，故选D项。
19．解析 A 根据语境可知，此处是说这几个简单的举动传达(convey)了“他们真正关心”这一信息，故选A项。
20．解析 C 根据全文可知，此处是说我们应热爱并赞赏那些用心(heart)去工作的人，故选C项。
Ⅳ 语法填空
课标话题 人与社会·文化娱乐与传媒 体裁 说明文
词 数 192 难度
For over a century, student journalists at The Daily Tar Heel(DTH) have documented their college life and raised 1.____________(variety) questions on free expression, tuition, and big?time athletics…The independent student newspaper celebrated its 125th anniversary this year. To mark it, student 2.____________(report) asked the question: What's the future of the DTH?
Student newspapers are faced 3.____________ a dark reality. Falling advertising income, increasing digital demands and the lack of subscription fees as they are free 4.____________(read), mean that such newspapers are finding them much 5.____________(hard) to survive. Most college papers have reduced their print editions. And while the DTH 6.____________(use) to produce around 22,000 newspapers, it only makes around 10,000 now.
Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to their digital platforms 7.____________ they can tell stories with social media. And though 8.____________ can be challenging for them to move away from that print tradition, they manage to adapt very well. So what should student newspapers 9.____________(trap) in this situation do? Perhaps the ideal answer would be for universities to 10.____________(financial) support student journalism. In the meantime, college newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along.
语篇导读 本文讲述了学生报纸《The Daily Tar Heel》的发展和变革。
1．various 解析 考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰名词questions，需用variety的形容词形式various。
2．reporters 解析 考查词性转换和名词的数。根据句意可知，此处表示人，又因student前没有限定词修饰，且reporter为可数名词，故用复数形式reporters。
3．with 解析 考查介词。be faced with面临，为固定搭配。
4．to read 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构，其中主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义，故填to read。
5．harder 解析 考查比较等级。分析句子结构可知，空处应填形容词；空前有修饰词much，故填比较级形式harder。
6．used 解析 考查动词。分析句子结构可知，空处要填谓语动词；根据语境可知，此处是两种情况的对比。used to do sth过去常常做某事，为固定搭配。
7．where/so 解析 考查引导词/并列连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词digital platforms，且空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where；此外，此处也可理解为so连接的两个并列分句，前面是原因，后面是结果。
8．it 解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，though引导的让步状语从句中包含“it＋be＋adj.＋(for sb) to do sth”句型，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故填it。
9．trapped 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词；trap与newspapers是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
10．financially 解析 考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰动词support，故应用副词financially。
Ⅴ 短文改错
Yesterday our club held an English speech contest, ① theme was “Challenge Myself”. A large number of students attended to② the contest and showed ③ wonderful performances. ④ the stage, though ⑤ great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged themselves to achieve great success. Moreover, they impressed us ⑥ with their unusual ⑦ and performances.
Through such ⑧ activity, we know a lot more about our students ⑨ we have gained much, such as self?confidence and bravery. Besides, our club ⑩ growing stronger.
① 解析 此处是一个定语从句，先行词与theme为所属关系，故应用关系词whose引导该从句。
② 解析 表示“出席”时，attend后直接跟宾语。
③ 解析 根据主语A large number of students可知，此处应用代词their，表示“他们的”。
④ 解析 on the stage在舞台上，为固定搭配。
⑤ 解析 分析句子结构可知，此处作状语，逻辑主语the speakers和face之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
⑥ 解析 此处作状语修饰动词impressed，应用副词，且表示抽象意义，故将deep改为deeply。
⑦ 解析 confidence表示“信心”时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
⑧ 解析 “such a/an＋名词单数”，表示“这样的一个……”，为固定搭配，且activity以元音音素开头，故在such后加an。
⑨ 解析 根据语境可知，此处know和have gained是顺承关系，而非转折关系，故将but改为and。
⑩ 解析 此处陈述事实应用一般现在时。
Ⅵ 书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码(scan QR codes)就可以轻松实现移动支付(mobile payment)，他对此感到很好奇。请你写一封邮件告知他移动支付在中国的相关情况，内容包括：
1．在中国很流行，提供了便利；
2．快捷且强大的功能：如买早餐，买火车票等；
3．改变了人们的生活。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
I am delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the mobile payment in China and the following information may give you a rough sketch.
Mobile payment has made people's daily life more and more convenient in China. We can buy breakfast on the street and tickets at the railway station by scanning the QR codes. This is a glimpse into the life of most Chinese—allowing us to bid farewell to wallets and bank cards.
Mobile payment has greatly changed people's lives in China. I'm wondering if mobile payment is popular in your country.
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
(共57张PPT)
必修 5
Unit 5 First aid
1．________ n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
2．____________ adj.暂时的；临时的
3．________ vi.& vt.(使)噎住；(使)窒息
4．________ adj.最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
aid
temporary
choke
essential
5．________ n．器官
6．________ n．屏障；障碍(物)
7．________ adj.复杂的
8．________ n．液体
9．________ n．辐射；射线
10．________ n．(pl.)剪刀
11．________ vt.& vi.榨；挤；压榨
12．________ adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
13．________ n．症状；征兆
organ
barrier
complex
liquid
radiation
scissors
squeeze
vital
symptom
14．________ vt.加标签或标记；分类 n．标签；标记
15．________ vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌
16．________ adj.潮湿的
17．________ n．典礼；仪式；礼节
18．________ n．救护车
label
pour
damp
ceremony
ambulance
1．________ n．损害；伤害→________ vt.伤害；使受伤
2．________ vt.& vi.流血→________ n．血液→________n.流血；失血
3．________ n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→_____________ adj.有毒的
injury
injure
bleed
blood
bleeding
poison
poisonous
4．________ n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→________ vt.变化；使多样化→________ adj.各种各样的
5．________ adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→________ adv.轻微地；温和地
6．________ vi.& vt.隆起；(使)膨胀→________ adj.肿胀的
7．________ adj.勇敢的→________ adv.勇敢地→________ n．勇敢；勇气
variety
vary
various
mild
mildly
swell
swollen
brave
bravely
bravery
8．____________ adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→________ vt.容忍；忍受
9．________ adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→________ adv.紧地；牢牢地
10．________ adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→________ adv.坚固地；稳定地
11．________ vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→______________n．治疗；处理；对待
unbearable
bear
tight
tightly
firm
firmly
treat
treatment
12．________ vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→________ n．申请人→____________ n．申请
13．________ n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→________ v．压；按
apply
applicant
application
pressure
press
1．I was under ________(press) from my parents to become a teacher.
2．We are ________(firm) opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.
3．He tried to stop the ________(bleed) by pressing a cloth against the wound.
pressure
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
firmly
bleeding
4．There are a ________ of animals and plants in the world.They ________ in shape and size and exist in different parts of the world.But for ________ reasons, some of them are dying out.(vary)
variety
vary
various
1．________ (对伤患者的)急救
2．________ 生病
3．________________ 触电；电休克
4．_____________ 榨出；挤出
5．____________________ 反复；多次
6．________ 在适当的位置；适当
7．_______________________ 找到
first aid
fall ill
electric shock
squeeze out
over and over again
in place
put one's hands on
8．___________________ 若干；许多
9．___________________ 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
10．________ (飞机)起飞；走红；(事业)腾飞；请假
a number of
make a difference
take off
1．Arriving in London, she suddenly ________ because she couldn't bear the changeable weather.
2．I've told you ______________________ not to do that but you didn't listen.
3．My career as a writer ________ when I discovered my own writing style.
fell ill
[选用上面的短语填空]
over and over again
took off
4．Though busy with work, she still ______________ some time to visit her mother who lives alone in the countryside.
squeezed out
If necessary
were discussing about what to do next
There is no doubt that these measures will contribute to
联想拓维
?各种“症状”
①symptom症状；征兆 ②swollen肿胀的
③bleed流血 ④allergic过敏的
⑤fever 发烧 ⑥poison中毒
?“帮助”家族
①aid n．& vt.帮助；援助 ②assist vt.帮助；协助
③assistance n．帮助；协助 ④favour n．帮助；好意
⑤help vt.帮助 ⑥support n．& vt.支持；帮助
(1)come to one's aid帮助某人
with the aid of在……的帮助下
in aid of为了帮助……
aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
1
(2)aid sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事方面帮助……
aid sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come ________ her aid.
(2)He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother ________(clean) the table, even the furniture.
to
to clean
【写作微技能】——词汇升级
(3)在我们老师的帮助下，这学期我们取得了很大的进步。
①普通表达：With the ________ of our teacher, we have made great progress this term.
②高级表达：With the ________ of our teacher, we have made great progress this term.
help
aid
be vital to/for对……至关重要
It is vital to do sth做某事很重要
It is vital that…(should) do sth ……是十分重要的
vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Enough sleep is vital ________ the students' well?being and health.
(2)There is no doubt that it is vital ________(know) some knowledge of first aid as danger lies in everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.
to/for
to know
【写作微技能】——补全句子
(3)如果我们打算在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点是我们应该从小事开始。
If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that ______________________________________.
we (should) begin with small things
(1)treat…as把……当……看待
treat…with以……对待……
treat sth seriously认真对待某事/某物
treat sb/oneself to用……招待/款待……
treat sb for治疗某人的……病
(2)It's my treat.我请客。
treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待
treatment n．治疗；处理；对待
3
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)She spent her early years treating her patients ________ all kinds of diseases and injuries.
(2)Many patients are not getting the medical ________(treat) they need for lack of money.
(3)I'll treat you ________ lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.
for
treatment
to
apply (to…) for (向……)申请……
apply to适用于……；适用……
apply…to将……涂到……上；把……运用到……中
apply oneself to致力于；集中精力于
apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
applicant n．申请人
application n．申请；申请书；适用；应用
4
【提示】 上述apply的相关用法中，to均为介词。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Please clean the wound with a piece of clean cloth and then apply the medicine ________ it.
(2)You will pass your exams only if you really apply _____________________(you) to your study.
(3)The wide ___________(apply) of computers frees man from complicated computation.
to
yourself/yourselves
application
(4)Later I decided to apply my previous experience to ______________(learn) how to read and write English novels.
【写作微技能】——高考小作文
(5)(陕西卷书面表达)我是李华，一名中学生，我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。
I'm Li Hua, a senior high school student. I'm writing to ________________________ as a student volunteer.
learning
apply for the position
in place of 代替；取代
in the place of 在……位置上
out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适
in the first place 首先；第一
take place发生；举行
take one's place就座；代替
take the place of代替；取代
in place 在适当的位置；适当
1
in place of
in the place of
(3)His frank statements were really _____________ at the party.
(4)One of the first things we need to think about is what is life ____________________.
【写作微技能】——句式升级
(5)妈妈将要出差，我将代替她照顾弟弟。
①普通表达：My mother will be away on business and I'll ______________________________________ take care of my younger brother.
out of place
in the first place
take the place of her to/take her place to
②高级表达：My mother will be away on business and I'll take care of my younger brother _________________.(介词短语作状语)
in place of her
make a difference to对……有作用/影响
make some/no/little difference (to…) (对……)有/没有作用或影响
tell the difference (between…and…) 分辨(……与……)
make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)What the volunteers did made ________ great difference to the children in the small village.
(2)The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell ________ difference between them.
a
the
【写作微技能】——高考小作文
(3)(安徽卷书面表达)我不仅不会到处乱扔垃圾吐痰，而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路面的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到一些作用。
Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, but I will also help clean up the garbage on the road whenever possible. I hope _____________________________________.
my behaviour will make some difference
if necessary如有必要
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)While ________ (cycle), don't forget to pay attention to the traffic lights.
(2)Just now the patient opened her mouth as if ________(say) something to her husband.
(3)I won't attend the party to be held tomorrow unless ________(invite)．
cycling
to say
invited
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The expert has a language barrier in attending such an important meeting, but he should be praised for his ________(brave).
2．My brother knows little English, which is one of the ________(barrier) in looking for a job relevant to English.
bravery
barriers
3．Her son is lying in bed, feeling pain, because he got injured with his right foot severely ________(swell).
4．His father and mother both passed away within one day, leaving him _______________(bear) hurt and pain.
5．The boy was badly bleeding. His deskmate gave him first aid immediately applying pressure ________ the wounded areas.
swollen
unbearable
to
6．He emphasized that it is vital that government ________________(take) the lead in environmental protection.
7．As always, you should stretch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent ________(injury)．
8．Detective Jones said that the victim was attacked with a knife and ________(bleed) to death as a result.
9．After getting back home, Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water ________.
(should) take
injuries
bleeding
out
10．While pressure is often seen as a bad thing, if ________(use) properly, it can actually be a good thing.
used
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Our different views about life made no differences at all to our friendship. _______________________
2．The old man treated each of the children for an ice cream to show his thanks to them for their help.____________
3．The doctor advised her to eat more beans in the place of meat which might be harmful to her heart.______________
differences→difference
第一个for→to
删除第二个the
4．With the local community aid us with our investigation, we soon found out the criminal._____________
5．What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital obey traffic rules.______________
6．Carbon dioxide keeps heat getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.____________
aid→aiding
obey前加to
heat后加 from
7．The moment he saw the poor girl on TV, he determined to aid her continuing her study.________________
8．Though I told him over and over again to be careful when driven, he wouldn't listen.__________________
9．They had just covered three miles while they realized they had left their keys at home._______________
10．There is no doubt whether it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere._____________________
第一个her后加in
driven→driving
while→when
whether→that
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
You have three layers of skin, which act 1.________ a barrier against damage. The complex functions of your skin are 2.________(keep) you warm or cool, and prevent your body from 3.________(lose) too much water. If your skin gets burned, first aid is a very important first step in the 4.____________(treat) of burns.
as
to keep
losing
treatment
You may get burned by a 5.________(vary) of things. There are three types of burns 6.___________(depend) on which layers of the skin are burned.
If you touch 7.________ hot pan, stove or iron for a moment, you will get first degree burns. The burns may affect the top layer of the skin. You can place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.
variety
depending
a
If hot liquids pour on you, you will get second degree burns. You can keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, 8.____________(squeeze) the water out and placing them on the burned area over and over again.
If the burns 9._____________(cause) by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires, you may get third degree burns. 10.________ is vital to get yourself sent to the doctor or hospital immediately.
squeezing
are caused
It
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
There is no doubt that 1.____________________ _____________________(了解一些急救知识至关重要) as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.For example, we often cut our finger.When it bleeds, 2.__________________(及时治疗它)．If the cut is not serious, 3._________________(牢牢按住它) and 4.________________________(很快它将停止流血)．
it is vital to know some
knowledge of first aid
treat it in time
press it firmly
soon it will stop bleeding
If the cut is deep, 5.________________________(首先在它周围系上绷带)．Then 6.______________________________(要求医生给它涂药)．
first tie a bandage around it
ask a doctor to apply medicine to it
