课时达标(四十) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
建议时间/100分钟
阅读提速练
阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·文学与艺术 体裁 说明文
词 数 262 难度
StrengthsFinder 2.0
by Tom Rath
Do you have the opportunity to do what you do best every day？Chances are, you don't. All too often, our natural talents go untapped(未开发的). We devote more time to fixing our shortcomings than to developing our strengths.
To help people reveal their talents, Gallup introduced the first version of its online assessment, StrengthsFinder, in the 2001 management book, which has led to a global conversation and helped millions to discover their top five talents.
In its latest national bestseller, StrengthsFinder 2.0, Gallup releases the new and improved version of its popular assessment. Loaded with hundreds of strategies for applying your strengths, this new book will change the way you look at yourself and the world around you forever.
Available in StrengthsFinder 2.0：
*A new and upgraded edition of the StrengthsFinder assessment
*A personal strengths discovery and action－planning guide for applying your strengths in the next week, month and year
*50 ideas for action (10 strategies for building on each of your top five talents)
About StrengthsFinder
In 1998，the father of Strengths－Based Psychology, Donald O．Clifton, along with Tom Rath and a team of scientists at Gallup, created the online StrengthsFinder assessment. In 2001, they published the first edition of StrengthsFinder with the bestseller Now, Discover Your Strengths. In 2004, the assessment's name was formally changed to “Clifton StrengthsFinder” in honour of its chief designer.
In 2007, Rath and scientists of Gallup released a new edition of the assessment programme and website, called “StrengthsFinder 2.0”. Rooted in more than 40 years of research, this assessment has helped millions discover and develop their natural talents.
语篇导读 本文简要介绍了《盖洛普优势识别器2.0》一书的相关内容。
1．According to the passage, we don't do what we do best because we usually ________.
A．don't know what we are good at
B．focus on overcoming our weaknesses
C．concentrate on developing new skills
D．lack confidence in our potential talents
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，我们之所以没有在做自己最擅长的事，是因为我们将更多的时间花费在克服自己的缺点上，故选B项。
2．Why was the assessment's name changed in 2004?
A．To make it sound better.
B．To make it easy to remember.
C．To show respect for its chief designer.
D．To attract more potential customers.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据About StrengthsFinder部分的第一段最后一句可知，2004年这一评估系统更名是为了向其主要设计者致敬，故选C项。
3．What's the aim of StrengthsFinder?
A．To help us realise our dreams.
B．To help us discover our interests.
C．To help us conquer our weaknesses.
D．To help us develop our natural talents.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这一评估系统帮助人们挖掘自己的潜力；本文最后一句也提到了discover and develop their natural talents，故选D项。
B
课标话题 人与自我·个人生活 体裁 记叙文
词 数 293 难度
It's absolutely crazy to think that the same 1968 Ford Mustang GT driven in the movie Bullitt by Steve McQueen, would end up in the hands of a modest New Jersey housewife. But that's exactly what happened.
After Bullitt wrapped, the hero car was sold to a studio manager in Los Angeles, who kept it briefly before selling it, coincidentally, to a police detective. The officer shipped the car to New York and kept it for about three and a half years before placing a for－sale ad in the back of Road&Track magazine in 1974. His $6,000 asking price was somewhat steep, but Robert Kiernan, a New Jersey insurance manager and Mustang fan, went out to look at it. He bought it for his wife to use as a daily driver.
The Kiernans had kept the car secret mainly to protect themselves from rumormongers(散布谣言者). But that didn't stop Steve McQueen from finding it in 1977. Kiernan's son said, “Dad had owned the car for three years at that point. And he got a phone call from McQueen asking about the car, how it was, and if Dad had changed anything on it. And McQueen said, ‘I would really like to buy it if there's not too much involved with it. I'll replace it with a similar car so long as it's not a crazy amount of money.’ But Dad declined.”
McQueen didn't receive an answer. “I think a week later, a letter to my dad arrived from McQueen. And it said, basically, ‘I'd love to talk to you again about purchasing my car back.’ And Dad never reached out. And that was the end of that.”
This was a wise decision. The car is now valued at $3 million to $5 million.
语篇导读 本文讲述了美国影星Steve McQueen在电影《Bullitt》中驾驶过的一辆1968款福特Mustang CT汽车一步步成为一名家庭主妇的座驾的过程。
4．Which of the following is crazy according to the author?
A．The role that Mustang played in Bullitt.
B．The history that Mustang covered.
C．The fact that a housewife owned Mustang.
D．The process that many fans bought Mustang.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，这款汽车最终落入一位家庭主妇的手中，作者认为这绝对很疯狂，故选C项。
5．Who might be the owner of the Ford Mustang GT in 1972?
A．A studio manager. B．A police detective.
C．An insurance manager. D．A New Jersey driver.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，这辆汽车被卖给一位警探大约3年半后，于1974年被出售。由此可知，1972年，车主是那位警探，故选B项。
6．What is Steve McQueen concerned about most according to Paragraph 3?
A．The secret of the car. B．The changes of the car.
C．The price of the car. D．The history of the car.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中McQueen所说的话可知，McQueen想购回这辆车时最关注的是车价，故选C项。
7．What is the end of the car?
A．McQueen bought it.
B．Kiernan refused the offer.
C．It was put in a for－sale ad.
D．It was sold at a price.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的And Dad never reached out. And that was the end of that可知，Kiernan拒绝了McQueen的购车请求，故选B项。
C
课标话题 人与社会·科学研究 体裁 说明文
词 数 318 难度
The arm bones of women who lived 7,000 years ago show a surprising level of strength—even higher than today's professional women athletes. That's according to a first－ever study comparing prehistoric(史前的) bones to those of living people. The finding suggests a revision of history—the everyday lives of prehistoric women were filled with hard labor, rather than just sitting at home doing lighter tasks while the men struggled and fought for life.
“Before the study, there are no clear records describing how our ancient ancestors lived. It can be easy to forget that bone is a living tissue, one that responds to the difficulties we put our bodies through，” said lead author Alison Macintosh. “Physical force and muscle activity both put pressure on the bone. The bone reacts by changing in shape, thickness and other aspects over time.”
Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones, the researchers said—and that's a problem, because the response of male bones to stress and change is much bigger than that of women. For instance, as humans moved from a hunter－gatherer lifestyle constantly on the move to a more settled agrarian(农耕的) one, changes can be observed in the structure of the shinbone(胫骨)—and these changes were much more evident in men.
However, a comparison of the bones of prehistoric women to the bones of living female athletes can help us work out a more accurate picture of what those prehistoric women were doing. “By analyzing the bones of living people and comparing them to the ancient bones, we can start to explain the kinds of labor our ancestors were reforming，” Macintosh said. What they found was that women's leg strength hasn't changed a great deal, but their arms used to be very powerful. Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11～16 percent stronger than that of modern women rowers(桨手), and 30 percent stronger than that of non－athlete women.
语篇导读 本文介绍了研究者通过对比史前时期和当今女性的骨头得出的新发现。
8．What does the study tell about prehistoric women?
A．They were stronger than men.
B．They had lighter bones than men.
C．They did tough tasks as the men did.
D．They spent most time staying at home.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，史前女性的日常生活充满了繁重的劳动，即她们和男性一样干重活，故选C项。
9．What problem did previous studies on prehistoric bones have?
A．They lacked enough comparison.
B．They only studied men's bones.
C．They focused little on bones.
D．They ignored the lifestyles.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，以前的研究只把史前女性的骨头与现代男性的相比较，而没有与现代女性的骨头相比较，即缺少足够的比较，故选A项。
10．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Bones' structure.
B．Bones' thickness.
C．Bones' response to stress and change.
D．Bones' stress from hard labor.
解析 C 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的句意和句子结构可知，that指代的是前面提及的骨头对压力和变化的反应，故选C项。
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．It's still hard to explain our ancestors' lifestyle.
B．Prehistoric women went through much suffering.
C．Women's arms have become much stronger over time.
D．Prehistoric women are stronger than contemporary females.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是该段最后两句可知，研究人员发现，史前女性手臂的力量比现代女性强，即史前女性更强壮，故选D项。
D
课标话题 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 体裁 说明文
词 数 332 难度
The right paint can add appeal to your walls—and now it can also make them smarter. Researchers recently transformed a wall into an outsize trackpad and motion sensor by using low－cost conductive paint to create a large grid of electrodes(电极)．
Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance. It can also detect where electrical equipment is and whether it is switched on. The technology could someday turn on lights when a person enters a room, track a player's motion in an interactive video game or monitor a child's television use. “Walls are everywhere, so why not turn them into sensors for smart homes？” says Yang Zhang, a computer science doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University, who helped to develop the concept.
To create the high－tech surface, Zhang and his colleagues applied painter's tape in a lattice(格子结构) pattern to a twelve－by－eight－foot wall, and then coated it with commercially available conductive paint. Removing the tape left a pattern of diamond－shaped electrodes, which the researchers connected using thin copper tape strips. Finally, they wired the strips to a custom－built circuit board and covered the wall with standard latex(胶乳) paint. The entire project took four hours and cost less than $200. In theory, Zhang says, “Anyone can use the technique to make a wall smart.”
In the wall's appliance－detection mode, the power is turned off. The researchers detected iPads up to 6.5 feet away from the wall; fans and floor lamps could be sensed from about 10 feet. Zhang and his colleagues presented the wall in April at the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
“Engineers have long dreamed of technologies that blend into our surroundings，” says Christian Holz, a research scientist at Microsoft Research in Redmond, who did not participate in the work. “It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.”
语篇导读 本文介绍了智能墙壁的发明、安装、用途等。
12．What can a smart wall do now according to the passage?
A．Detect people's locations.
B．Turn on lights automatically.
C．Monitor a person's television use.
D．Track humans' movements at close range.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，智能墙壁可以近距离感应人们的活动，故选D项。
13．What can we learn about the smart wall?
A．It is easy to build.
B．It is cheap but time－consuming.
C．It benefits people in many ways.
D．It adds appeal to the buildings.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可推知，该发明给人们的生活带来了许多好处，故选C项。
14．What materials are required to create the high－tech surface?
A．A lattice pattern and conductive paint.
B．Painter's tape and standard latex paint.
C．A custom－built circuit board and iPads.
D．Diamond－shaped electrodes and copper tape strips.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知，painter's tape和standard latex paint是在制作过程中使用的部分材料，故选B项。
15．What is Christian Holz's attitude towards this new invention?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Neutral. D．Unknown.
解析 A 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Christian Holz认为智能墙壁的发明让我们对装置的概念有了不一样的理解，还说明了感应技术可以多方面地运用到日常事物中。由此可推知，他对该发明持积极的态度，故选A项。
七选五
课标话题 人与社会·历史与文化 体裁 说明文
词 数 237 难度
Children's Games in Ancient China
Unlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn't have smart phones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves. __1__. Let's take a look.
Kicking stone balls
During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet.
Flying kites
Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. __2__. For example, the swallow－shaped kite is a well－known Beijing style.
Playing hide－and－seek
Hide－and－seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many children like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to tease him. __3__.
__4__
The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists manipulate puppets behind the screen, narrating stories and accompanied by music.
Setting off firecrackers
Firecrackers have a history of more than 2,000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China. __5__. After gunpowder was invented, it gradually replaced the bamboo joint cracker. Crackers are still set off during Spring Festival to symbolize auspiciousness(吉祥)．
A．Watching shadow plays
B．Making a film
C．Each of them has distinctive features
D．Different materials are used to make the kite
E．And to scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make them blast
F．More commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them
G．Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了古代中国孩子们玩的一些游戏。
1．解析 G 转折关系。空前一句讲古代的孩子们没有智能手机、平板电脑等，下文讲古代孩子们的游戏。G项(但是，他们想出了一些有趣的游戏以供玩耍)承上启下，故选G项。
2．解析 C 顺承关系。空前一句讲到现在最有名的三种风筝，空后一句讲其中的北京风筝的特色之一，C项(这三种风筝都各具特色)与下一句衔接紧密，故选C项。
3．解析 F 并列关系。根据空前一句可知，空处应讲玩捉迷藏的另一种方式，选项中只有F项符合，故选F项。
4．解析 A 总分关系。空处是主题句，根据下句可知，关键信息是shadow plays(皮影戏)，故选A项。
5．解析 E 顺承关系。E项中的beast和bamboo joints分别与空处前后句的a beast和bamboo joint cracker对应，符合语境，故选E项。
语言知识运用练与写作规范练
完形填空
课标话题 人与自我·家庭生活 体裁 记叙文
词 数 263 难度
(2019·江苏前黄高中检测)The mysterious golden box was tied with ribbon and sat upon a shelf in the dinning room.During my childhood, I would often __1__ where it had come from and why it was never __2__. Sometimes, I would climb upon a chair to get a __3__ look, but would never __4__ it for fear I would __5__ something special.Many years passed as the box continued to sit with its __6__ contents, undisturbed.
The tragic __7__ of my father happened one spring day.After my father's funeral, my mother carefully __8__ the ribbon and opened the treasured box with __9__ in her eyes and a life－time memory in her heart.On a yellow piece of paper were written these words: “My love, I will go __10__， but I will hold dear my love for you, so I leave you this box filled with kisses.Please wait till I return.”
Then my mother told me this story: My parents __11__ in college when their best friends set them up on a blind date.As my parents' friendship __12__, also did their love.They planned to get __13__ after graduation, but my father had to __14__ to war.Before leaving, he prepared that golden box and tied it with the ribbon as a symbol of his everlasting __15__ for my mother.He asked that she should open the box only __16__ she knew he would not be coming home.When my father finally __17__ from the war, they married.__18__, Mom kept that box unopened as a __19__ of their love and devotion during that __20__ time in their lives until the day when Dad passed away.
1．A.suspect B．hesitate
C．wonder D．explain
2．A.tied B．opened
C．fixed D．wrapped
3．A.new B．contented
C．quick D．close
4．A.respect B．admire
C．touch D．decorate
5．A.spoil B．discover
C．release D．expose
6．A.imaginable B．abnormal
C．typical D．mysterious
7．A.loss B．failure
C．illness D．pressure
8．A.fastened B．untied
C．observed D．tore
9．A.smiles B．excitement
C．tears D．anger
10．A.far away B．around
C．back D．out
11．A.met B．worked
C．served D．recognized
12．A.ended B．disappeared
C．weakened D．grew
13．A.connected B．married
C．prepared D．separated
14．A.pay attention B．look forward
C．go off D．settle down
15．A.sympathy B．mercy
C．support D．love
16．A.before B．unless
C．because D．if
17．A.fled B．returned
C．recovered D．heard
18．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．However D．Instead
19．A.reminder B．warning
C．consequence D．notice
20．A.spare B．hard
C．busy D．free
语篇导读 作者通过家里一个神秘的金色盒子讲述了父母之间坚贞的爱情故事。
1．解析 C 根据下文中的两个特殊疑问词where和why，并结合上文中的The mysterious golden box可推知，作者对这个金色盒子充满了好奇。wonder想知道，故选C项。
2．解析 B 根据下文中的undisturbed可推知，金色盒子从来没有被打开(open)过，因此显得非常神秘，故选B项。
3．解析 D 根据语境可知，此处指在好奇心的驱使下，作者爬上椅子想近(close)距离一探究竟，故选D项。
4．解析 C 结合语境以及选项可推知，作者当时不敢碰(touch)那个盒子，害怕破坏什么特别的东西，与下文中的undisturbed呼应，故选C项。
5．解析 A 参见上题解析。spoil破坏，符合语境，故选A项。
6．解析 D 根据continued和undisturbed可知，多年过去了，金色盒子依然神秘(mysterious)，没有被动过，与上文中的The mysterious golden box呼应，故选D项。
7．解析 A 根据下文中的After my father's funeral可推知，此处表示父亲的去世(loss)，故选A项。
8．解析 B 根据上文中的The mysterious golden box was tied with ribbon，并结合opened可推知，此处指母亲小心翼翼地解开(untie)金色盒子上的丝带，故选B项。
9．解析 C 根据常识可知，父亲离世，母亲当时心情沉痛，眼含泪水(tear)，故选C项。
10．解析 A 根据下文中的Please wait till I return可推知，父亲说自己要远(far away)行，故选A项。
11．解析 A 根据下文的a blind date可知，此处表示父母是在大学时朋友为他们安排的初次见面会上认识(meet)的，故选A项。
12．解析 D 根据下文中的they married可推知，随着父母的友谊加深(grow)，他们的爱情也愈加深厚，故选D项。
13．解析 B 父母恋爱了，计划毕业后就结婚(marry)，与下文中的they married呼应，故选B项。
14．解析 C 当时父亲因为战争不得不离开(go off)，与下文中的Before leaving呼应，故选C项。
15．解析 D 根据上文中的I will hold dear my love for you可推知，此处表示父亲对母亲永恒的爱(love)，故选D项。
16．解析 D 根据语境可知，此处表示只有母亲得知父亲不会再回来时，她才能打开盒子。only if只有，符合语境，故选D项。
17．解析 B 根据they married可推知，父亲最终从战场上返回(return)，故选B项。
18．解析 B 根据语境可知，父亲回来了，因此(Therefore)母亲就一直没打开盒子，故选B项。
19．解析 A 根据语境可知，母亲保留那个金色盒子作为对他们之间爱和忠诚的纪念和提醒(reminder)，故选A项。
20．解析 B 根据上文父亲去参战可知，那是他们生命中艰难的(hard)时期，故选B项。
语法填空
课标话题 人与社会·非物质文化遗产 体裁 说明文
词 数 215 难度
Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) over 3,000 years old are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users, thanks to a person who made them 1.____________(close) to people's life than before.
“The ancient characters are not as cool and distant 2.____________ they are supposed to be，” said the 3.____________(create) Chen Nan. “In fact, they are cute and humorous, and they could totally serve our needs for online expression.” 4.____________ 46－year－old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis. For example, the character for “zui”， 5.____________ means “drunk” in English, was created 6.____________(look) like a stumbling figure.
Chen has also combined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures. A cartoon video clip 7.____________(feature) oracle bone inscriptions designed by him was viewed 31 million times and shared 10,000 times.
Chen worked on the road of innovation 19 years ago. In 2016, the ancient typeface 8.____________(include) into the font library under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into people's life. Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters, 9.____________ Chen's research on the project still continues, as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters. In the future, he will apply the ancient characters 10.____________ education and development of games and apps.
语篇导读 甲骨文正在被年轻的微信用户们作为表情包广泛使用，这得益于清华大学陈楠教授的努力。
1．closer 解析 考查比较等级。根据空后的than before可知用比较级；make后用形容词作宾补，故用closer。
2．as 解析 考查副词。as…as…和……一样……，为固定搭配。
3．creator 解析 考查词性转换。这里指产品的创造者，故用表示人的名词creator。
4.The 解析 考查冠词。这里的46－year－old professor即上文中的Chen Nan，表示特指，故用定冠词the。
5．which 解析 考查引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the character for “zui”，且引导词在从句中作主语，故用which。
6．to look 解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，这里应用不定式短语作目的状语。
7.featuring 解析 考查非谓语动词。谓语为was viewed，故空处为非谓语动词。A cartoon video clip与feature为主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
8.was included 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2016可知，用一般过去时；the ancient typeface与include之间是动宾关系，用被动语态；主语为the ancient typeface，谓语用单数。
9．but/yet 解析 考查并列连词。句意：现在，甲骨文字体库里已有多达3 500个汉字，然而陈楠的研究仍在继续。空处上下文为转折关系，故填but或yet。
10．to 解析 考查介词。apply…to将……应用于……，为固定搭配。
短文改错
The other day, an inspirational meeting ① held in our school. Many top students shared / with② their study ③ and unique learning methods. They are beneficial to those who are ④ about their studies. The meeting was ⑤ big success, and what it provided for us was quite valuable.
As for me, I have learnt a lot. First, I've realised a positive attitude towards matters. ⑥ problems we may meet, we'd always try to find approaches to ⑦ them. Then, I've known ⑧ useful learning methods and will apply them to my study. Lastly, I have become more confident about ⑨. I ⑩ believe I can prove my ability through hard work.
① 解析 根据时间状语The other day可知，此处应用一般过去时。
② 解析 share为及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语。
③ 解析 experience意为“经验”时为不可数名词，意为“经历”时为可数名词。此处是指学习经验，故用experience。
④ 解析 根据语境可知，此处指“感到困惑的”，故将confusing改为confused。
⑤ 解析 此处success意为“一件成功的事”，为可数名词，表示泛指，且big以辅音音素开头，故加a。
⑥ 解析 句意：无论我们可能遇到什么问题……。what不能引导让步状语从句，故将What改为Whatever。
⑦ 解析 approach to意为“……的方法”，为固定搭配，其中to为介词，故改为动名词形式。
⑧ 解析 method为可数名词，且为复数形式，需用many修饰。
⑨ 解析 根据语境可知，主语与宾语为同一人，故将me改为myself。
⑩ 解析 此处应用副词作状语修饰动词believe。
书面表达
假设你是李华，你校英文报社将举办主题为“自然灾害”的征文活动。请你给你的美国朋友Bruce Alpert写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．说明缘由；
2．请他介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响，应对措施等；
3．告知征文截稿日期。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Bruce Alpert，
Our school English paper will hold an essay competition whose theme is Natural Disasters. I'd like to invite you to take part in it.
Once a natural disaster occurs, it may cause huge damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters in America, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, and tell some common knowledge about them. For example, you can discuss how they form, when they happen, what harm they may cause, and what you can do in the face of such disasters.The relative measures you take may benefit us, as we also face many natural disasters.
The deadline is June 8th, 2019. I'm looking forward to your article.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
(共58张PPT)
选修 8
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
高考话题对接 History and geography(历史与地理)之人类祖先 相关单元 必修2 Unit 1 必修3 Unit 5 必修5 Unit 2 选修8 Unit 1
1．_________________ adj.试探性的；不确定的
2．_____________ adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的
3．__________________ adv.不管；不顾
4．_____________ adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的
5．_________________ adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的
tentative
acute
regardless
ample
primitive
6．________________ n．种类；类别；范畴
7．_______________ adv.以……方式；不知怎么地
8．____________ adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
9．____________ vt.吐出(唾液、食物等) vi.吐痰
10．_______________ vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
11．______________ vt.逮捕；吸引 n．逮捕；拘留
12．______ adj.晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的
category
somehow
systematic
spit
applaud
arrest
dizzy
1．________________ vt.确认；识别；鉴别
→______________________ n．辨认；鉴定
2．___________________ n．可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的→_____________________ adv.可供选择地
3．________________ n．精确；准确
→________________ adj.精确的；准确的
→_______________ adv.准确地；精确地
identify
identification
alternative
alternatively
accuracy
accurate
accurately
4．_________________ vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→____________________ n．中断；干扰
5．______________ vt.假定；设想
→__________________ n．假定；设想
→_______________ conj.假设……为真；假如
6．_______________ vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰
→_____________ adj.锋利的；尖锐的
→_________________ n．磨具；削具
interrupt
interruption
assume
assumption
assuming
sharpen
sharp
sharpener
7．______________ n．植物学
→_________________ adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的
8．_____________ adj.凌乱的；脏的
→____________ n．凌乱；脏
9．________________ n．分析
→________________(pl.)
→_______________________ vt.分析
botany
botanical
messy
mess
analysis
analyses
analyse/analyze
10．________________ adj.详细而精确的；确切的；特定的；具体的
→_______________ adv.确切的；具体地；特别地
11．_____________ vt.& vi.使……成熟
→____________ adj.熟的；成熟的
12．____________________ n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
→___________________ adj.有重大意义的；显著的
specific
specifically
ripen
ripe
significance
significant
13．__________________ vi.& vt.加速；促进
→____________________ n．加速度
14．__________________ adj.有技巧的；熟练的
→_____________ n．技能；技巧
15．______________ n．分割；划分；分配；分界线
→______________ v．分割；划分；分配
accelerate
acceleration
skil(l)ful
skill
division
divide
1．Many parents opposed the ________________(divide) of the classes into different sets.
2．The engineer in particular must be able to communicate his ideas to others rapidly and ____________ (accurate)．
division
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
accurately
3．Grace has much interest in ______________. Whenever free, she will read as many _________________ books as possible.(botany)
4．Mr Lin is a __________________ worker having a good command of several ______________.(skill)
botany
botanical
skil(l)ful
skills
1．_____________________ 不管；不顾
2．_______________ 至多；最多
3．______________ 切碎
4．___________________ 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5．__________________ 向前看；为将来打算
6．____________________ 追溯到……
regardless of
at most
cut up
fed up with
look ahead
date back to
1．When I was ___________________ listening, I usually entertained myself by reading.
2．Be patient! The whole process will take half an hour _______________.
3．Whenever we are in trouble, we must _____________ and encourage ourselves.
4．Vegetables and meats are ______________ and mixed in various ways into some dishes to serve the guests.
fed up with
[选用上面的短语填空]
at most
look ahead
cut up
as her parents have
been hoping
If only the whole family could be united
only to find that it had been closed
联想拓维
?用作介词或连词的分词小结
①assuming假设；假定 ②considering鉴于；考虑到
③concerning关于 ④given鉴于；考虑到
⑤provided/providing假设；如果
⑥supposing假设；假如
?无被动语态的短语集锦
①belong to属于 ②consist of由……组成
③come true变成现实 ④date from/back to追溯到……
⑤break out爆发 ⑥take place发生
(1)an alternative to ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
alternative n．可能的选择；选择对象
adj.供选择的；其他的
alternatively adv.可供选择地
1
【提示】 alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择；choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择；selection有从人或物中择优选拔的意思。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Do you have __________ alternative solution to the problem?
(2)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two ____________________(alternative)．
an
alternatives
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(3)我们别无选择只能采取有效措施以减轻环境污染。
①We ____________________________ effective measures to reduce environment pollution.(cannot)
②We __________________________________ effective measures to reduce environment pollution. (alternative)
cannot help but take
have no alternative but to take
(1)interrupt sb/sth (with sth)(因某事)打扰/打断某人/某事
(2)without interruption不间断地，连续地
interrupt vi.打断……讲话；打岔 vt.暂时中断或中止
interruption n．打扰；打岔；插嘴；中断；干扰
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)You shouldn't ________________________(interrupt) the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards.
(2)Their argument _______________________(interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.
have interrupted
was interrupted
(1)assume sb/sth to be假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that… 普遍认为……
assuming that… 假设/假定……
(2)make an assumption/assumptions 作出假设
on the assumption that… 假定/假设……
assume vt.假定；设想
assumption n．假定；假设；设想
assuming conj.假设……为真；假如
3
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)A lot of people make the __________________ (assume) that poverty only exists in remote villages.
(2)It is _______________(assume) that mental health is closely related to physical health.
(3)__________the assumption that you are a billionaire, what will you do to make full use of the money?
assumption
assumed
On
(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to对……(很/不)重要
attach significance to(to为介词)认为……重要
(2)It is significant that… 很明显……
significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
4
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)She couldn't grasp the full ____________________ (significant) of what he had said.
(2)Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a ___________________(significance) role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions.
(3)The factory set up last year is of great significance __________ this area's economy.
significance
significant
to
(1)arrest sb for因……而逮捕某人
get arrested遭逮捕
arrest one's attention引起某人的注意
(2)under arrest被捕
arrest vt.逮捕；吸引；使……停止 n．逮捕；拘留
5
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)The beautiful sunset arrested ___________(we) attention, and we stopped to watch it.
(2)The young man got ________________(arrest) for causing that serious accident.
(3)Fifteen persons were _____________ arrest because of the serious violence.
our
arrested
under
(1)as regards sb/sth关于；至于
in/with regard to关于；至于
in this/that regard在这/那一方面；在这/那一点上
regard…as把……当作……
(2)regarding prep.关于；至于
regardless of 不管；不顾
1
【提示】 (1)regardless of强调“不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑”，而despite和in spite of 有“尽管……(某客观事实或已发生某事)”之意。(2)regardless of后可接whether, what等引导的从句，而despite和in spite of后一般不接从句。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless __________ race, religion, or sex.
(2)I have little information as _______________(regard) his health.
(3)He refused to disclose any information ______________ (regard) the man's whereabouts.
of
regards
regarding
【写作微技能】——高考小作文
(4)(安徽卷书面表达)如果你想到什么就说什么，不管别人的感受，你会伤害他人。
You will hurt others if you say what you think, ___________________________________.
regardless of other people's feelings
(1)date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……(后接表过去 的时间)
date back追溯到；始于(后接一段时间)
(2)out of date过时的；陈旧的
up to date最近的；新式的；现代的
up to date with赶上……的潮流；与……保持同步
date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)My interest in stamp collecting dates back __________ my schooldays.
(2)The news you told me was out __________date but you thought it was up to date.
(3)______________(date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun City.
to
of
Dating
【写作微技能】——句式升级
(4)根据专家所说，这个花瓶历史悠久，追溯至宋代。
①普通表达：According to the experts, this vase has a long history. It _______________________ the Song Dynasty.
②高级表达：According to the experts, this vase has a long history ___________________________ the Song Dynasty.(分词作定语)
dates from/back to
dating from/back to
if only引导的混合虚拟句
1
(1)if only…had done…表示与过去事实相反的愿望
(2)if only…did/were…表示与现在事实相反的愿望
(3)if only…could/would/might do…表示与将来事实相反的愿望(不用should)
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy. If only I ___________(have) a warm and harmonious family!
(2)My mother was in poor condition now.If only I _________________(take) good care of her in the past years.
had
had taken
only to do… 结果却……
2
【句式点拨】
only to do…意为“结果却……”，表示出乎意料或者令人失望的结果，有时前面也可不加only，是动词不定式作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，表示伴随谓语动作的发生而产生的自然而然的结果。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)He hurried to the train station, only _______________ (find) he had left both his wallet and cellphone at home.
(2)The boy passed the College Entrance successfully, ______________(make) his parents proud and happy.
to find
making
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Heavy smog and fog continued to hit many parts of east and north China on Thursday, causing traffic _________________ (interrupt)．
2．I'm fed up ____________ this food; it's time we had some change.
interruptions
with
3．At first he insisted on the ________________ (accurate) of his account. However, he agreed with what I said.
4．The man has donated blood voluntarily for ten years. And his kind deed is to ____________________(applaud)．
5．This meeting is __________ great significance, as it serves as a link between the past and the present.
6．The librarians actively collected the books of the world, _____________ (accelerate) the spread of knowledge.
accuracy
be applauded
of
accelerating
7．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and water to grow and _____________(ripe)．
8．In order to succeed, we have no alternative but _______________ (face) failure bravely and learn from it.
9．He hurried to the theatre, only __________________ (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
10．The manager's ________________(analysis) about the market were quite useful, winning a big round of applause.
ripen
to face
to be told
analyses
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We were told that the stone figure dated back to the 16th century was of great value.____________________
2．The carrot should be cut down before you put them into the boiling water._______________
3．With regards to the student, the teacher thought that he was brilliant enough while not dedicated.
______________________
dated→dating
down→up
regards→regard
4．The advertisers should prevent the audience from fed up with the advertisements.__________________________
5．The man got arrested at his home last Friday with setting fire to a bus. ________________
6．When Don paid a brief visit to me yesterday afternoon, I have been writing a film review for hours.________________
7．Which is announced in today's paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems with the new theory.
________________
fed前加being/getting
with→for
have→had
Which→As
8．Assumed that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do？
________________________
9．As time goes by, I attach more great significance to do what I am doing now.________________
10．If only she hasn't told David about that, everything would have been all right. _____________________
Assumed→Assuming
do→doing
hasn't→hadn't
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A group of students from England has come to Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. 1.___ archaeologist is showing them around. The archaeologists 2.____________________ (excavate) here for many years.After finding human and animal bones 3.______ those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments, they think 4.________ is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless 5.__________ the cold.
An
have been excavating
in
it
of
They discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves 6.____________ they made fires. Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes 7.___________(make) of animal skins. The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace 8._______________(preserve) very well.Indeed, as the botanical analyses have 9._______________ (special) shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was trade between early peoples 10.__________ they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.
where
made
preserved
specially
or
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
Li Hua, a Senior Three student, often says to himself，“1.______________________________ (要是我是一名大学生就好了)！” However, looking ahead, 2.____________________________________(他别无选择只能准备) the coming College Entrance Examination.
If only I were a college student
he has no alternative but to prepare for
3.__________________________________(尽管厌烦了很多练习题) every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, 4.________________________(不顾艰难). His parents 5.___________________________(从不干扰他的学习) and they often give him encouragement and applause.
Though fed up with lots of exercises
regardless of difficulties
never interrupt his learning
