课时达标(五) Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
阅读提速练
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·社会服务 体裁 应用文
词 数 315 难度
China Train Guide
Quick guide on China train travel
If you’re looking for an affordable and comfortable way to get around China, train travel is the way to go.Getting train information and cheap train tickets has never been easier. Online train ticket booking makes it easy for travelers to look through China’s train timetable, compare train fares, and look for ticket availability.Once you’ve found a suitable train, you can book online and pick your tickets up at the train station or get them delivered to your home or hotel.Train tickets can be booked online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 30 days before departure.
How to choose train types
When you’re buying China train tickets online, you’ll notice that the journey duration differs depending on which type of train you choose.China train types can be recognized by their letter codes.G，D and C trains are high?speed trains, while Z，T and K are slower or overnight trains.China’s high?speed trains run mainly between Chinese provincial capitals and first?tier Chinese cities.G trains(high?speed trains, standing for gaotie)are China’s bullet trains—the fastest trains with a maximum speed of 400 km/h.Tickets for these trains are the most expensive.
How to buy train tickets
Unless you can read Chinese, there are only two ways to make train reservations in China：
—Online train ticket booking with a travel agency (up to 30 days before departure)．
—At the train station/local ticket agency with your passport (up to 28 days before departure)．
How to read train tickets
When reading your train ticket, please take note of the Chinese characters and pinyin printed next to your departure/arrival city.Directions (north, south, east, and west) appear in pinyin (bei, nan, dong, and xi), not English.Please make sure you are going to the correct train station.
语篇导读 本文主要向外国游客介绍了在中国乘火车出行时的注意事项。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Traveling by train in China is not very expensive.
B．It’s difficult to get train information in China.
C．You can get on the train without tickets after booking online.
D．Train tickets online are available at any time within 30 days before you leave.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据Quick guide on China train travel部分的第一句可知，在中国乘火车旅行是经济实惠且舒适的，故选A项。
2．If Mr Smith needs to travel from Jinan to Beijing for something urgent, he’d better take ________.
A．G trains B．Z trains
C．T trains D．overnight trains
解析 A 推理判断题。根据How to choose train types部分的倒数第二句可知，高铁是中国速度最快的火车，有急事应选择高铁；同时根据该部分可知，高铁、动车、城铁这样的快速列车主要在省会城市和一线城市间运行，济南、北京分别是省会和一线城市，有高铁通行，故选A项。
3．Who are the intended readers of the passage?
A．Native tourists． B．Travel agencies．
C．Foreign travelers． D．Businessmen.
解析 C 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据Quick guide on China train travel部分的第一句及How to buy train tickets部分的At the train station/local ticket agency with your passport可推知，本文的目标读者应该是外国游客，故选C项。
B
课标话题 人与社会·法律常识与法治意识 体裁 说明文
词 数 215 难度
(2019·重庆南开中学摸底)China’s first law on public libraries officially came into effect from 2018.
The law, passed by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee on Nov 4, 2017, asks governments at county levels or above to establish public libraries to provide reading space for residents and improve cultural developments.
The law, with the aim of delivering better services to the public, states that modern technology should be integrated(结合) into public libraries, with more digital content and networks.
According to the law, public libraries shall strengthen the protection of ancient books, and publicise books by exhibitions, lectures and reproductions to spread Chinese traditional culture.
“Public libraries must not hold or allow organisations or individuals to hold activities that go against the laws, including those that harm the national security or infringe on(限制) public interests，” according to the law.
“It provides public libraries, especially the national ones, with a strong support for further development，” said Han Yongjin, director of the National Library of China. “In the meantime, I feel great responsibility and honour.”
“The law strengthens the responsibility of the government in library construction, service and socialisation，” said Li Guoxin, a professor of public culture studies at Peking University.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》的生效日期、内容及得到的相关评价。
4．What does the law ask governments at county levels or above to found public libraries for?
A．To carry out the new law on public libraries.
B．To strengthen the relationships among people.
C．To make people know more about public libraries.
D．To supply reading space to people and improve cultural levels.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这项法律要求县级以上人民政府设立公共图书馆，目的是给社会公众提供阅读空间，提高文化水平，故选D项。
5．Which can reflect modern technology in public libraries?
A．Better services.
B．More people reading there.
C．Many different kinds of books.
D．More digital content and networks.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的modern technology…and networks可知，拥有更多的数字化内容和网络才能突显图书馆的现代技术，故选D项。
6．What’s the purpose of asking public libraries to protect ancient books and publicise books?
A．To make public libraries popular.
B．To promote Chinese traditional culture.
C．To attract more people to public libraries.
D．To make more people know the law about public libraries.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，公共图书馆加强保护古籍和宣传图书，目的是为了传播中国传统文化，故选B项。
7．What can we learn from Han Yongjin’s words?
A．He dislikes the law. B．He is indifferent to the law.
C．He thinks highly of the law. D．He thinks the law is special.
解析 C 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可推知，韩永进对这项法律表示赞成，给予了很高的评价，故选C项。
C
课标话题 人与社会·科学精神 体裁 应用文
词 数 363 难度
Google says it will no longer permit its artificial intelligence, or AI technology to be used in any activities involving weapons. The policy was one of several new principles aimed at guiding the company’s development and sale of AI technology and tools.
The principles were announced after more than 3,000 Google employees signed a document calling for the company to cancel an AI agreement, known as Project Maven, with the U．S. Department of Defense.
Kirk O. Hanson is the director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University in California. The center examines how ethics can be used as guidelines for technology development. He decided that the protest by Google employees against the U．S. military agreement was based on fears that AI technology could lead to the creation of weapons which might cause disasters to humans.
“If you have artificial intelligence which identifies targets and automatically launches weapons, you have an autonomous weapon. Just as with driverless vehicles, autonomous weapon systems may not be as safe as their supporters promise. We should be more concerned about how an autonomous weapon might make a mistake. Is that artificial intelligence targeting system as good as we think it is? And until we have trust that those systems will not make mistakes, we’re going to keep skeptical about the use of artificial intelligence.”
A top Department of Defense official was asked about the use of autonomous weapons during an event last year at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. Air Force General Paul J. Selva, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said such systems should never be used to replace human commanders.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai said the company does not plan to stop providing AI technology for all military uses. He said Google will still seek government projects in areas such as military training, Internet security and search and rescue.
语篇导读 谷歌发布人工智能应用原则，宣布将禁止其AI技术武器化，但仍会与军方合作。
8．What new policy has Google announced about its AI technology?
A．To expand its application fields.
B．To absorb advanced technologies.
C．To encourage its exchange activities.
D．To restrict serving military purposes.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，谷歌公司宣布不再允许其人工智能技术被用在任何涉及武器的活动中，即不用于军事目的，故选D项。
9．The underlined word “ethics” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A．moral principles B．military challenges
C．traditional virtues D．applied technologies
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的can be used as guidelines可知，此处表示某种规范；结合画线处下一句可知AI武器可能给人类带来灾难，因此可推知，应是“道德规范”，故选A项。
10．What is Hanson’s attitude to the AI technology for defense?
A．Enthusiastic． B．Doubtful.
C．Positive． D．Confused.
解析 B 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Hanson对人工智能技术用于国防持怀疑态度，故选B项。
11．What can we infer about Google and the Department of Defense?
A．They blame each other for the deal.
B．They share the same concern about AI.
C．No more deals will be possible between them.
D．They will continue to cooperate in other areas.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，谷歌将在军事训练、互联网安全与搜救等非武器方面和国防部继续合作，故选D项。
D
课标话题 人与社会·人际关系与社会交往 体裁 夹叙夹议文
词 数 274 难度
The use of gentleness and friendliness is demonstrated day after day by people who have learned that a drop of honey catches more flies than a gallon of gall(一加仑胆汁). F．Gale Connor of Lutherville, Maryland, proved this when he had to take his four?month?old car to the service department of the car dealer for the third time. He told our class：“It was obvious that talking to, reasoning with or shouting at the service manager was not going to lead to the satisfactory resolution of my problems.”
“I walked over to the showroom and asked to see the agency owner, Mr White. After a short wait, I went into Mr White’s office. I introduced myself and explained to him that I had bought my car from his dealership because of the recommendation of friends who had had previous dealings with him. I was told that his prices were very competitive and that his service was outstanding. He smiled with satisfaction as he listened to me. I then explained the problem I was having with the service department. ’I thought you might want to be aware of any situation that might damage your fine reputation，’ I added. He thanked me for calling this to his attention and assured me that my problem would be taken care of. Not only did he personally get involved, but he also lent me his car to use while mine was being repaired.”
The sun can make you take off your coat more quickly than the wind; and kindness, the friendly approach and appreciation can make people change their minds more readily than all the storms in the world. Remember that Lincoln said：“A drop of honey catches more flies than a gallon of gall.”
语篇导读 本文讲述了F.Gale Connor找销售方处理车子质量问题，并借此论述了温和友好态度的重要性。
12．Lincoln’s words were used to stress ________.
A．the harm of being cold B．the power of being warm
C．the effect of being generous D．the advantage of being patient
解析 B 推理判断题。根据文章首句可推知，作者引用林肯这句名言是为了强调人际交往中温和与友好态度的重要性，故选B项。
13．What was F．Gale Connor’s problem?
A．His car broke down again. B．His car was beyond repair.
C．He wanted to get a new car. D．He wanted to get his money back.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，F.Gale Connor遇到的问题是他新买的汽车四个月就坏了三次，故选A项。
14．F.Gale Connor solved his problem ________.
A．in a friendly way B．in an interesting way
C．by arguing with Mr White D．by reasoning with Mr White
解析 A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，F.Gale Connor既没有跟销售方大吵大闹，也没有争辩和理论，而是通过温和、友好的方式解决了问题，故选A项。
15．What do we learn about Mr White?
A．His cars were very expensive. B．His service was very terrible.
C．He was very stubborn. D．He was very helpful.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，销售方负责人White先生不但亲自跟进了汽车的维修问题，而且还把自己的汽车借给了F.Gale Connor，由此判断他非常乐于助人，故选D项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与社会·社会热点问题 体裁 说明文
词 数 203 难度
(2019·长郡中学月考)Empty nest syndrome(综合症) is a phenomenon in which parents experience feelings of sadness and loss when the last child leaves home. You might find it difficult to suddenly have no children at home who need your care. __1__ If you have only one child, you might have a particularly difficult time adjusting to an empty nest.
__2__ In the past, research suggested that parents dealing with empty nest syndrome experienced a sense of loss that makes them easy to experience depression, alcoholism and identity crisis. __3__ When the last child leaves home, parents have a new opportunity to improve the quality of their marriage and restart interests for which they previously might not have had time.
If you’re experiencing feelings of loss due to empty nest syndrome, take action. __4__ This might be an opportune time to explore or return to hobbies, leisure activities, or career pursuits.
Many suggest preparing for an empty nest while your children are still living with you. __5__ They may include family vacations, long talks, and taking time off from work to make special memories. Also, make specific plans for the extra money, time, and space that will become available when children are no longer living at home.
A．What’s the impact of empty nest syndrome?
B．You might also worry about your children’s safety.
C．What can parents do to deal with empty nest syndrome?
D．Make plans with the family while everyone is still under the same roof.
E．Social support can be incredibly helpful during times of stress and loneliness.
F．For example, time and energy that you directed toward your child can now be spent on different areas of your life.
G．However, recent studies suggest that an empty nest might reduce work and family conflicts, and provide parents with many other benefits.
语篇导读 本文介绍了空巢综合症的症状以及原因，讲述了空巢的好处和坏处，并给出了一些应对空巢综合症的建议。
1．解析 B 并列关系。根据空前一句可知，需要父母照顾的孩子突然离开家以后，父母可能难以适应，因此此处应该也是父母难以适应的原因，故选B项。
快解：根据空前的You might和空后的you might可知，此处形式应该与这两处一致，故选B项。
2．解析 A 总分关系。根据下一句可知，这些情况都是空巢的不利影响，A项(空巢综合症的后果是什么)引出下文，故选A项。
3．解析 G 转折关系。根据下一句可知，空后讲述空巢的好处，而空前在讨论空巢的坏处，因此空处需要一个转折过渡句，故选G项。
4．解析 F 例证关系。根据上下文可知，此处应与空巢父母怎样分配时间、精力有关；结合选项可知，只有F项符合，故选F项。
5．解析 D 顺承关系。根据上下文可知，D项(趁着孩子离家前就为空巢作准备，一起制订计划)符合语境，且D项中的make plans与下文中的make specific plans相呼应，故选D项。
语言知识运用练与写作规范练
Ⅲ 完形填空
课标话题 人与社会·人际关系与社会交往 体裁 记叙文
词 数 257 难度
(2019·日照校际联测)Making friends can be a challenge, and it becomes even harder as one gets older. __1__ , people often overlook the reality that for many elderly people, living alone can lead to serious __2__ and sadness. Marleen Brooks of California was __3__ of this when she came home to find a(n) __4__ note from her 90?year?old neighbor, whom she’d __5__ spoken to before.
The elderly woman had __6__ Marleen to admit that she was extremely lonely, asking if the two of them could be friends. The note read：“Would you __7__ becoming my friend？I’m 90 years old—live alone. All my friends have passed away. I’m so lonesome and scared. Please I __8__ for someone.”
Marleen sent a photo of the note to a local news __9__ , who shared it on his Facebook page along with a(n) __10__ from Marleen：“Came home to this note, which makes my heart sad, but on the __11__ side it looks like I will be getting a new friend.”
Later, Marleen went over and __12__ herself to her elderly neighbor, Wanda. During the visit, Wanda __13__ to Marleen about her constant isolation and how __14__ she was to meet her.
__15__ lonely elderly people, having someone around makes all the difference in the world, __16__ it seems like a small thing to __17__ them and have a conversation. The newsreader reminded his __18__ in the post, “I would __19__ that maybe you can knock on their door and say hi. I know it would mean the __20__ to them.”
1．A．Additionally B．Honestly
C．Obviously D．Sadly
2．A.illness B．loneliness
C．tiredness D．bitterness
3．A.reminded B．informed
C．convinced D．required
4．A.delicate B．thoughtful
C．heartbreaking D．impressive
5．A.ever B．never
C．still D．even
6．A.contacted B．advised
C．promised D．inspired
7．A.fancy B．enjoy
C．regret D．consider
8．A.pray B．prepare
C．answer D．wait
9．A.reporter B．presenter
C．publisher D．editor
10．A.announcement B．comment
C．explanation D．composition
11．A.bright B．right
C．effective D．practical
12．A.recommended B．addressed
C．introduced D．devoted
13．A.opened up B．came over
C．held on D．turned back
14．A.nervous B．pleased
C．cautious D．embarrassed
15．A.In regard to B．In response to
C．In view of D．In terms of
16．A.now that B．so that
C．even if D．only if
17．A.recognize B．greet
C．encourage D．comfort
18．A.colleagues B．acquaintances
C．family D．audience
19．A.ask B．command
C．ensure D．predict
20．A.hope B．benefit
C．surprise D．world
语篇导读 作者通过讲述一位老妇人写便条请求与邻居交朋友的事情，呼吁大家关注孤独的老年人。
1．解析 D 上文讲随着年龄的增长人们交友会更加困难，下文提到人们往往忽略独居会导致老年人孤独和悲伤这一事实。additionally此外；obviously明显地；honestly诚实地；sadly不幸地，故选D项。
2．解析 B 参见上题解析。illness疾病；loneliness孤独，寂寞；tiredness疲倦；bitterness痛苦，怨愤。下文中的she was extremely lonely亦是提示，故选B项。
3．解析 A 根据语境可知，此处指Marleen Brooks回到家发现了一张来自90岁邻居的便条，这提醒(remind)她注意到了这个事实。inform通知；convince使确信；require要求，故选A项。
4．解析 C 根据下文中老妇人所写便条的内容及Came home to this note, which makes my heart sad可知，这张便条是令人心碎的(heartbreaking)。delicate精致的，精美的；thoughtful深思熟虑的；impressive引人注目的，故选C项。
5．解析 B 根据语境可知，Marleen与这位90岁的邻居之前从没有(never)说过话，故选B项。
6．解析 A 根据语境及选项可知，这位老妇人联系(contact)Marleen，承认自己非常孤独，并询问她们俩能否成为朋友，故选A项。
7．解析 D 根据语境可知，此处指老妇人问Marleen：“你愿意考虑(consider)成为我的朋友吗？”，故选D项。
8．解析 A 根据上文中的All my friends have passed away. I’m so lonesome and scared可知，老妇人所有的朋友都已经去世了，她感到非常孤独和恐惧。所以此处指她祈求(pray)有人能与自己交朋友，故选A项。
9．解析 B 根据最后一段中的The newsreader可知，此处指的是Marleen将这张便条拍成照片发给了一位当地的新闻播音员(presenter)，故选B项。
10．解析 C 根据下文中的Came home to this note…getting a new friend可知，这是Marleen针对照片写的一段说明性文字(explanation)，故选C项。
11．解析 A 根据语境可知，but连接的两个分句间存在转折关系，且空后的it looks like I will be getting a new friend表示的是积极含义，故bright符合语境。bright side光明面，令人高兴的一面，故选A项。
12．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处指随后Marleen走过去向年老的邻居介绍(introduce)了自己。recommend推荐；address提出，处理；devote献身，致力于，故选C项。
13．解析 A 根据语境可知，此处指老妇人向Marleen袒露心声，诉说自己一直以来的孤独以及见到Marleen有多高兴。open up直抒胸臆，畅所欲言；come over短暂造访；hold on抓紧；turn back重新开始(做某事)，故选A项。
14．解析 B 参见上题解析。pleased高兴的，符合语境。nervous紧张的；cautious谨慎的；embarrassed尴尬的，故选B项。
15．解析 D 对于孤独年老的人来说，有人在身边会让世界大不相同。in regard to关于，至于；in response to作为对……的答复；in view of 鉴于，由于；in terms of对……而言，故选D项。
16．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处指即使(even if)与他们打招呼并交谈一下看起来(只)是一件小事。now that既然；so that以便；only if只有，故选C项。
17．解析 B 参见上题解析。greet和(某人)打招呼(或问好)，符合语境。下文中的say hi亦是提示。recognize认出；encourage鼓励；comfort安慰，故选B项。
18．解析 D 这位新闻播音员在他的Facebook分享中提醒他的听众(audience)：“我请求大家，或许你们可以去敲他们的门，(和他们)打招呼。”故选D项。
19．解析 A 参见上题解析。ask请求，要求；command命令；ensure确保；predict预测，故选A项。
20．解析 D 此处呼应上文中的makes all the difference in the world，指这对老年人非常重要。mean the world to sb对某人非常重要，故选D项。
Ⅳ 语法填空
课标话题 人与社会·物质文化遗产 体裁 说明文
词 数 207 难度
(2019·辽宁五校协作体模拟)The Forbidden City, 1.____________(locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.
But more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing 2.____________(serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes.
Most structures aren’t made to survive 3.____________(nature) disasters, let alone those built hundreds of years ago.
To show 4.____________ strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and 5.____________(engineer) were shown building a scale model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.
The model 6.____________(put) to the test. It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved 7.____________(gentle) during the test.
According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, lies in dougong— 8.____________ old building method invented in China.
In spite of being held together 9.____________ any nails or glue, dougong is perfect at 10.____________(keep) structures together. So as China’s most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
语篇导读 本文揭秘故宫六百年遇200次地震仍岿然不倒的真相。
1．located 解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，空前无连词，故用非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处充当定语，省略了which is；be located at表示“位于”。
2．to serve 解析 考查非谓语动词。manage后面接动词作宾语时，应用动词不定式，故填to serve。manage to do sth成功做某事。serve up提供；上菜。
3．natural 解析 考查词性转换。空处充当定语，修饰disasters，说明被修饰词的性质，表示“自然的”，故用形容词natural。
4．how 解析 考查副词。句意：为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实，英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了中国古代建筑设计师们的技艺。感叹句中how表示“多么”，修饰形容词strong。
5．engineers 解析 考查名词的数。根据句意及限定词A group of可知，应用名词engineer的复数形式。
6．was put 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时；主语为The model，谓语应用单数；主语The model与谓语动词put构成动宾关系，故用was put。
7．gently 解析 考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰动词moved，故用副词gently。
8．an 解析 考查冠词。method是可数名词，这里表示泛指一种，故用不定冠词；old以元音音素开头，故填an。
9．without 解析 考查介词。根据上下文可知，用斗拱这种技术建造房子不需钉子和胶水，故用without。
10．keeping 解析 考查非谓语动词。空处充当介词at的宾语，故用keep的动名词形式。
Ⅴ 短文改错
I am glad to know that a DV competition will be ① next month. All the senior students are welcome to film videos about the colorful school life, ② will go by soon. Those who are interested are expected to limit the videos to 5 minutes and ③ upload ④ to the school website.
Though not ⑤ expert in video?making, but⑥ I still want to have a try. I ⑦ take this chance to record those wonderful ⑧ with my teachers and friends. ⑨ my opinion, nothing is ⑩ valuable and meaningful than the days with them.
① 解析 a DV competition与谓语动词hold之间是动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态。hold的过去分词为held。
② 解析 此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词school life指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
③ 解析 此处作状语修饰动词upload，应用副词形式。
④ 解析 此处指代前面的videos，作upload的宾语，应用宾格them。
⑤ 解析 expert以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。
⑥ 解析 though引导让步状语从句时，不与but连用，但可与yet连用。
⑦ 解析 此处表示“我将抓住这次机会”，应用一般将来时。
⑧ 解析 moment为可数名词，根据前面的those可知，此处应用复数形式。
⑨ 解析 in one’s opinion在某人看来，为固定搭配。
⑩ 解析 根据than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。
Ⅵ 书面表达
假定你是李华，计划在暑假期间骑行游览丝绸之路西安至兰州路段(约660千米)。请给你的加拿大朋友Henry写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．出发时间；2.骑行路线；3.注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Henry，
How is everything going? Knowing you are interested in touring China, I’m writing to invite you to join me in a bike trip along the Silk Road during the summer vacation.
We are to meet in Xi’an, the starting point of the journey, on July 20. Then we’ll ride through Shaanxi Province, and finally stop in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, covering a length of approximately 660 kilometers. The journey is a part of the Silk Road, during which we can admire the splendid scenery. Besides, we need to prepare some necessities such as food, water, tents and jackets for our trip. I’m expecting to enjoy the exciting trip with you.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
(共71张PPT)
必修 1
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
高考话题对接 Personal information(个人情况)之人物介绍 相关
单元 必修4
Unit 1、Unit 2 必修5
Unit 1
1．___________ n．质量；品质；性质
2．________ adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3．_________ vt.建立；建设
4．_____________ n．法则；原则；原理
quality
mean
found
principle
5．_______ n．费(会费、学费等)；酬金
6．___________ adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
7．_________ n．青年；青年时期
8．_________ n．舞台；阶段；时期
9．__________ vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
10．__________ vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
11．_______ vi.请求；乞求
fee
hopeful
youth
stage
attack
escape
beg
1．__________ adj.积极的；活跃的→ ____________ adv.积极地；活跃地→ ____________ n．活动
2．____________ adj.慷慨的；大方的
→ ______________ n．慷慨；大方
3．________ n．自我；自身→ ___________ adj.自私的→ ____________ adj.无私的；忘我的
active
actively
activity
generous
generosity
self
selfish
selfless
4．_________ vt.献身；专心于→ __________ adj.忠实的；深爱的→ ____________ n．献身；奉献；热爱；忠诚
5．____________ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→ ______________ adv.和平地；平静地→ _________ n．和平；平静；和睦
6．___________ n．指导；领导→ ________ vt.指导；引导；管理；操纵 n．向导；指导原则；入门书；手册
7．_________ adj.法律的；依照法律的→ ___________ adj.违法的；非法的
devote
devoted
devotion
peaceful
peacefully
peace
guidance
guide
legal
illegal
8．____________ n．暴力；暴行→ ___________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的→ _____________ adv.猛烈地；强烈地
9．________ adj.相等的；平等的→ __________ n．平等；相等→ _________ adv.相等地；同等地；公平地
10．_________ adj.乐意的；自愿的→ ___________ (反义词)adj.不情愿的；不乐意的
11．___________ vt.教育；训练→ ____________ adj.受过教育的；有教养的→ _____________ n．教育→ ____________ n．教育工作者；教育家
violence
violent
violently
equal
equality
equally
willing
unwilling
educate
educated
education
educator
12．__________ n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→ _________ n.恐怖主义→ _____________ n．恐怖分子→ _______ vt.使恐惧；使惊吓→ _____________ adj.恐惧的；害怕的
13．___________ n．残忍；残酷→ _________ adj.残酷的；残忍的→ _______ adv.残酷地；残忍地
14．__________ n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬谢；奖赏→ _____________ adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
terror
terrorism
terrorist
terrify
terrified
cruelty
cruel
cruelly
reward
rewarding
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
1．We should take an __________ part in all the ______________ in our school.(active)
2．All men are born _________ , so everyone hopes to be treated _______ because ____________ is the basic demand. (equal)
active
activities
equal
equally
equality
3．A child receives its early _____________ at home. A well ________ mother will have a great influence on her child’s future. (educate)
4．After years of fighting, the people longed for _________ . They hoped the crisis could be resolved ______________ so they can live a ____________ life.(peace)
education
educated
peace
peacefully
peaceful
1．_______________________ 事实上
2．____________________ 蹲监狱
3．___________________ 被判处……(徒刑)
4．______________ 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5．___________ 求助于；致力于
as a matter of fact
put sb in prison
be sentenced to
in trouble
turn to
6．______________ 丧失勇气或信心
7．_________________ 当权；上台
8．__________________ 在某人看来
9．set up ______________
10．out of work ________
11．be willing to do sth ______________
12．blow up ________________
lose heart
come to power
in one’s view
设立；建立
失业
愿意做某事
使充气；爆炸
[选用上面的短语填空]
1．According to the report, the new president will _________________ at the very beginning of next month.
2．_______________________ , the news that he told me yesterday is true.
come to power
As a matter of fact
3．Depending on the kind of race students plan to enter, they can __________ a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
4．It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone ______________ .
set up
in trouble
has seen great changes
to go to university
can this unfavourable situation be improved
【仿写】 第一次面对公众演讲时，我感觉很紧张。
I felt very nervous ______________________________ __________ .
the first time I made a public
speech
联想拓维
?否定前缀non?用在形容词或名词前
①stop n．停止→non?stop adj.不停的，不间断的
②smoker n．吸烟者→non?smoker n．不吸烟者
③existent adj.存在的→non?existent adj.不存在的
④essential adj.必要的；本质的→non?essential adj.不重要的
联想拓维
?词形相近的单词
①quality n．质量；品质；性质→quantity n．数量
②award n．& v．奖品；奖赏；给予，授予→reward n．& v．报酬，酬金，奖赏；酬谢，奖励
③abroad adv.在国外，到国外→aboard adv.在船(或车、飞机)上，上船(或火车、飞机)
④attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击→attach v．系上，贴上，把……固定
devote vt.献身；致力于；专心于
devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
devotion n．[U]献身；奉献；热爱；专心；忠诚
1
(1)devote…to把……用于……
devote oneself to (doing) sth致力于/献身于(做)某事
(2)be devoted to (to为介词)专心于……；奉献于……
【拓展】 以下短语中to是介词，后接动词时应用动名词形式：look forward to(盼望), object to(反对), get down to(开始), pay attention to(注意), be/get used/accustomed to(习惯于)。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)He could only devote two hours a day to working on the project, but his ____________ (devote) to duty is worth respecting.
(2)You will never gain success unless you are fully ___________ (devote) to your work.
devotion
devoted
(1)be attacked with (a disease) 患/得(病)
(2)make/launch an attack on/against对……发动攻击
under attack 遭到攻击
a heart attack 心脏病突发
attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病、虫、化学物等)侵袭
n．攻击；抨击；(疾病的)突然发作
2
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)When an animal is _________ attack, it can run away or fight back.
(2)It’s a pity that the old man has been attacked ________ diseases for ten years.
under
with
equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的
vt.等于；抵得上 n．同等的人；相等物
equality n．[U]平等；相等
equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地
3
(1)be equal to sth等于/胜任某事
be equal to doing sth等于做某事
(2)A equals B in (doing) sth A 在……(做某事)方面比得上B
(3)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Little pleasure can be equal ______ that of a cool drink in hot summer.
(2)The teacher who will teach you is popular in this city because he treats the students as his __________ (equal)．
(3)We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to _______ (waste) your life.
to
equals
wasting
(1)escape (doing) sth避开(做)某事
escape from从……逃脱/逃避
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生
escape vi.& vt.& n．逃脱；逃走；泄露；避开；被忘记
4
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Charles made such a big mistake that he didn’t escape ____________________________ (punish) this time.
(2)Last year I had a narrow escape ________ a car crash, and I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
【熟词生义】——写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
(3)Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. __________
punishment/being punished
from
被忘记
(1)as a reward (for…) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb for sth为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for作为对……的奖励/酬谢
in reward＝in return作为回报
(2)reward sb with…for sth为某事而以……报答某人
reward n．报酬；报答；奖金 vt.报答；奖赏；酬谢
rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
5
【比较网站】
reward 作名词时，意为“报酬；报答；奖金”；作动词时，意为“奖励”，不可跟双宾语，只可用reward sb with sth；reward sb for (doing) sth
award 作名词时，意为“奖品；奖金”；作动词时，意为“授予，颁发”，常用于award sb sth中，相当于award sth to sb
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and _____________ (reward)．
(2)Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai ________________ (reward) with a magnificent view.
rewarding
was rewarded
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(3)我送给他一本从香港买的书来答谢他的帮助。
①I gave him a book bought from Hong Kong __________________________ .(reward n．)
② ____________________________ , I gave him a book which was bought from Hong Kong.(reward n．)
③ ______________________________ which I bought from Hong Kong for his help.(reward v．)
in reward for his help
As a reward for his help
I rewarded him with a book
turn to 求助于；致力于；开始从事；翻到(书的某页);
查阅；转向
1
【一词多义】——写出句中turn to的含义
(1)People usually turn to the police for help when they are in trouble. __________
求助于
(2)He turned to the study of Shakespeare when he was 20. __________
(3)After leaving the university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism. ____________
(4)You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words while reading. ________
致力于
开始从事
查阅
turn around 转身；旋转；回转
turn up调高；出现
turn down调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn in上交，交出
turn into把……变成
turn over翻转；翻身；移交
turn out证明是；结果是
【考点训练】——用turn相关短语的适当形式填空
(5)She didn’t ___________ at the party as she had promised.
(6)It ______________ that the job was much harder than we had thought.
(7)She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to ___________ .
(8)He did not fall asleep, ________________ in bed from time to time.
turn up
turned out
turn to
turning over
【写作微技能】——词汇升级
(9)当你有麻烦时，可以向我救助。
①普通表达：When you are in trouble, you can ___________________ .
②高级表达：When you are in trouble, you can _______________________ .
ask me for help
turn to me for help
learn sth by heart 背诵；牢记
put one’s heart into sth用心去做某事
lose one’s heart to倾心于；爱上
strike…into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心
heart and soul 全心全意地
from the bottom of one’s heart发自内心地
lose heart 灰心；泄气
2
【写作微技能】——补全句子
(1)正如有句老话说的：“世上无难事，只怕有心人。”
As an old saying goes, “Nothing is too hard if you __________________________ .”
put your heart into it
(2)尽管我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。
Although we didn’t win the match, ________________________ .
(3)因此，我应该全心全意服务我的国家。
So I should serve my country __________________ .
we didn’t lose heart
heart and soul
see的拟人用法
1
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们仍处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【句式点拨】
see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
【拓展】 与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。
【写作微技能】——补全句子
(1)1949年见证了中华人民共和国的建立。
__________________________________ of the People’s Republic of China.
(2)天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。
The two stone lions standing in front of Tian’anmen _____________________________________________ .
The year 1949 saw the founding
saw/witnessed many great historic events
“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句
2
【提示】 “only＋从句”放在句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装；only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
【考点训练】——单句语法填空
(1)Only after we’d had the car for a few days _______ we realize we’d been taken in by the dealer.
(2)Only after we’ve lost everything _______ (be) we free to do anything.
did
are
【写作微技能】——句式升级
(3)只有言行一致我们才能实现我们的目标。
①普通表达：We can achieve our goals _____________________________________________ .
②高级表达： __________________________________ _______________________________ .(倒装句)
③高级表达： _________________________________ ___________________ we can achieve our goals.(强调句)
only when we match our words with actions
Only when we match our words with actions can we achieve our goals
It is only when we match our words with actions that
the first time引导的时间状语从句
3
【考点训练】——单句改错
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ改编)For the first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals. ___________
删除For
【写作微技能】——一句多译
(2)我第一次上这位年轻老师的课时，就被他的学识打动了。
①I was struck by the young teacher’s learning when ___________________________________________ .
②I was struck by the young teacher’s learning _______________________________________ .
I attended his class for the first time
the first time I attended his class
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Your teacher can give you ____________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application.
2．I’m ___________ (will) to admit that I have hurt her, but that’s not my real meaning.
3．The union said it was __________ (fair) to ask workers to adopt a policy of wage restraint(限制)．
guidance
willing
unfair
4．His sister ran away from home and went abroad because of family ____________ (violent)．
5．The mine owner was sentenced ______ ten years in prison because he employed children as miners illegally.
6．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still ___________ (hope)．
7．The company ___________ (found) in 2018 is one of the new high?tech companies.
violence
to
hopeful
founded
8．He ________________ (attack) by a dog when he was walking along the street.
9．Nowadays, women’s contributions, skills and experience are equal ______ men’s and must be rewarded accordingly.
10．You can’t imagine the trouble I had ______________ (persuade) him to change his mind.
was attacked
to
persuading
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost their heart at once. _____________
2．Lei Feng is a moral model in China. His selfless is revealed in everything he does. ________________________
3．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to play computer games. _________________
删除their
selfless→selflessness
play→playing
4．As far as I know, he has been out of the work for several months. ___________
5．My cousin appears to have a strong body, however, as matter of fact, he has been suffering from a weak heart since he was born. ___________
6．This position is equal suitable for a school?leaver or for somebody who has work experience. __________________
删除the
as后加a
equal→equally
7．Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape the rising flood waters. __________________
8．Being kept in the prison for over 25 years is a miserable memory for Nelson Mandela, but he never regrets it. ___________
escape后加from
删除the
9．In Singapore, government reports and most business letters are the main situations which English is used. _____________________________
10．We must take proper steps to guarantee the students’ psychological health to which special attention should be paid to. __________________________
which→where或which前加in
删除第二个to或第三个to
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Nelson Mandela, a freedom fighter, was 1. __________ (act) in fighting 2. _______ the equal rights of the black. During the time when Mandela lived, blacks had no rights 3. ___________ (vote) and were out of work. They were put into a position 4. _________ they had either to accept the fact that they were less important, 5. ______ fight against the government.
active
for
to vote
where
or
Mandela helped black people by offering 6. ____________ (guide) to them on their legal problems. This prevented them from 7. _________ badly treated by the government. He also called on blacks to attack the laws. Only when the peaceful way was of no use 8. _______ they answer violence 9. ________ violence. The black even blew up some government buildings, though it was dangerous. This turned out to be useful as it helped to achieve their dream of 10. __________ (make) black and white people equal.
guidance
being
did
with
making
Ⅳ.微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇或句式表达)
1．_________________________ (我第一次听说) Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research. In his daily life, he 2. ______________________ (处于很大的麻烦之中). 3. ____________________________________ (只有求助于电脑时) was it possible for him to speak, read and write.
The first time I heard of
was in great trouble
Only when he turned to the computer
His contributions to the world 4. ___________________ _________________ (无与伦比). In my opinion, 5. _______________________________________ (任何东西都无法回报) his contributions to science.
have no equal/are
without equal
nothing could be in reward for
