2019_2020学年牛津译林版选修7 Unit4 Public transport4.1知识点课件（63张ppt）

(共63张PPT)
Unit 4 Public transport
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
为了减少污染,保护环境,很多专家提倡使用公共交通。你知道公共交通的好处吗?
Advantages of public transport



A new study has shown that public transport is more efficient① than cars.The study found that the Western Australian city Perth is a good example of a city with public transport.As a matter of fact,17% of its wealth went into transport costs.Some European and Asian cities,on the other hand,spent as little as 5%.These more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live in.
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
According to Professor Newman,the larger Australian city Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison.He describes it as “A European city surrounded by cars”.Melbourne’s large tram② network has made car use in the inner city much lower,but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure③ as most other Australian cities.
Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most “bicycle-friendly” cities considered—Amsterdam and Copenhagen—were very efficient,even though their public transport systems were “reasonable but not special”.
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city.One objection is climate.Some people say their city could not make more use of public transport because it is either too hot or too cold.Newman rejects this,pointing out that public transport has been successful in both Toronto and Singapore and,in fact,he has checked the use of cars against climate and found “zero correlation④”.
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
译文:
公共交通的好处
一项新的研究显示,公共交通比小汽车效率更高。研究发现,澳大利亚西部城市珀斯是个公共交通发展得很好的例子。事实上,这个城市17%的财富用于交通消费。另一方面,一些欧洲和亚洲城市,在这方面的花费只有5%。这些效率较高的城市能够把这个不同用于吸引工业和工作或者创造更好的居住的地方。
根据纽曼教授说的,较大的澳大利亚城市墨尔本相比之下在这方面是一个极其不寻常的城市。他把它描述为“一个被汽车包围的欧洲城市”。墨尔本的大型有轨电车系统网使得城市里汽车的使用率更低,但是外部郊区有着和大部分其他澳大利亚城市相同的以汽车为基础的结构。
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
自行车的使用在这项研究中没被包括在内,但是纽曼说,被认为的两个自行车最受欢迎的城市——阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根,效率非常高,尽管它们的公共交通系统是合理的但并不特殊的。
对于支持公路网络的人来说,通过争辩说这样的系统在他们的特殊城市是行不通的来反对这些拥有良好的公共交通系统的模范城市是很常见的。一个反对因素就是气候。一些人说,他们的城市不能更多地使用公共交通是因为天气要么太热要么太冷。纽曼反对这个说法,指出公共交通在多伦多和新加坡都是成功的,事实上,他检验了气候对于使用汽车的影响,发现根本是不相关的。
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
1.efficient [I?fI?nt] adj.(尤指工具,机器,系统等)有效力的
2.tram [tr?m] n.有轨电车
3.structure [?str?kt??(r)] n.结构
4.correlation [?k?rI?leI??n] n.相关
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most “bicycle friendly” cities considered—Amsterdam and Copenhagen—were very efficient,even though their public transport systems were “reasonable but not special”.
自行车的使用在这项研究中没被包括在内,但是纽曼说,被认为的两个自行车最受欢迎的城市——阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根,效率非常高,尽管它们的公共交通系统是合理的但并不特殊的。
本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句;even though引导让步状语从句;considered是过去分词作后置定语。
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
1.Which of the following cities are successful in public transport?
A.Shanghai and Paris.　　B.Amsterdam and France.
C.Toronto and Singapore. D.Singapore and Beijing.
答案C
2.Do you like using public transport?Why?
答案Yes.Because it can reduce air pollution.
?
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
一
二
三
四
Pre-reading?
一、写作词汇
预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段
1.—What are the scientists doing?
—They are measuring the 　　　　　　(外围的)walls of the town.?
2.—What did you say to her just now?
—I asked her to 　　　　　　(表达)my best wishes to her parents.?
3.—What happened last night?
—　　　　　　　　　(不幸地),two boys were killed in the accident.?
4.—Why are the villagers so happy?
—The government has 　　　　　　　　(承诺)to build a new school here.?
outer　
convey　
Unfortunately　
undertaken
一
二
三
四
5.It is 　　　　　　　　　(难以置信的)that the trams are so popular in this city.Many citizens have learned the news 　　　　　　(通过)the Internet.The project will reduce traffic jam greatly,and many citizens won’t have to 　　　　　　(延迟)their work.?
6.The 　　　　　　　(部长)has come here to tell us about the 　　　　　　(出租车).They have played an important part in 　　　　　　(运送)passengers.At the same time,some drivers don’t obey the traffic rules and 　　　　　　(中途下客)the passengers causally,causing the 　　　　　　(堵车).So he calls on the citizens to use the public transport.?
unbelievable
via
postpone　
minister
cabs
conveying
drop off
traffic jam
一
二
三
四
二、阅读词汇
预习Reading部分的词汇,写出画线部分的汉语意思
The cabs 1.　　　　　　played an important part in conveying
2.　　　　　　the passengers and most cab drivers undertook
3.　　　　　　to obey the traffic rules seriously.Unfortunately 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　,some cab drivers didn’t obey the traffic rules and dropped off 5.　　　　　　　　　the passengers at some dangerous places,causing the traffic jam 6.　　　　　　　　　,and even causing some accidents.?
出租车
运送
承诺　
不幸的是
中途下客
通堵塞
一
二
三
四
While-reading?
三、阅读The first underground in the world,选择正确答案
1.Why did most trains to London only go to the outer city limits?
A.Because building railway tracks into the city would have needed much money.
B.Because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.
C.Because the London government didn’t approve the plan.
D.Because the technology was not so advanced then.
答案B
一
二
三
四
2.If you travelled on the underground in 1884,you would 　　　.?
A.look out of the window of your carriage to enjoy the scenery
B.see the smoke caused by steam engines
C.suffer from noise
D.go to the south in London
答案B　
一
二
三
四
3.Why are travelling on the underground lines inconvenient in the 1880s?
A.Because the price of the tickets was very high.
B.Because you should queue up.
C.Because the speed of the underground was slow.
D.Because each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.

4.The underground stations functioned as the following except 　　　.?
A.bomb shelters
B.an underground airplane factory
C.meeting rooms
D.field hospitals
答案D　
答案D　
一
二
三
四
5.What is true about Victoria Line?
A.It links with some lines of London.
B.It is the last line added.
C.It was built in honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning.
D.It helps make the underground system more user-friendly.
答案D
一
二
三
四
Post-reading?
四、下面一段文章是课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读并根据课文内容将其补充完整
The London Underground has the distinction of being the oldest and 1.　　　　　　 complex underground system in the world.2.　　　　　　 the first tunnels were opened in 1863,the traffic jams of London were unbelievable.3. 　　　　　　,in 1884,the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.4.　　　　　　 better ways of digging tunnels developed,six independent deep underground lines were constructed 5.　　　　　　 the next twenty-five years.Then a wealthy American businessman,
most　
Before　
Later　
With　
over　
一
二
三
四
Charles Yerkes obtained many different lines and set 6.　　　　　　 the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.Between 1918 and 1938,many new stations 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　.During World War Ⅱ,the underground system had some unusual uses.After the war,the system was enlarged and more lines were added 8. 　　　　　　 more people travelled on the underground.The London underground system is working to 9. 　　　　　　 huge numbers of people as it has done for many years.Buy one of the travel cards 10.　　　　　　 you can take a trip on all over the underground system.?
up　
were constructed　
because　
transport　
and
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.Buses have routes.They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route.(教材P49)
公交车都有线路,它们在沿途不同的站点上下客。
★考点　drop off 中途下客或卸货
①Could you drop me off near the post office?
你可以在邮局附近让我下车吗?
②You left your bag,but I can drop it off on my way to work tomorrow.
你把你的包落下了,不过我可以在明天上班的路上顺便捎给你。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Why don’t you drop by for coffee some time?
干嘛不找个时间到我家喝杯咖啡?
词组 drop by　含义 顺便来访?
④She was injured in the first round and had to drop out.
她在第一轮受伤了,只好退出比赛。
词组 drop out 　含义 退出?
⑤Jack has dropped behind into last place.
杰克已经落到了最后。
词组 drop behind 　含义 落后?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
⑥Let’s drop in on Nick when we’re in Bristol,shall we?
咱们在布里斯托尔的时候,顺便去看看尼克,好吗?
词组 drop in on sb.　含义 顺便拜访某人?
⑦I plan to drop in at the temple when I arrive there.
我打算到那里时,顺便去看看那座庙。
词组 drop in at sp.　含义 顺便走访某地?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
drop off 中途下客或卸货
drop by 顺便来访
drop out 退出,退学
drop behind 落后;落后于
drop in 顺便拜访
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at sp. 顺便走访某地
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.Horse-drawn buses,trams,cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.(教材P50)
用马拉的公交车、有轨电车、出租车和马车被用来运送人们到城市中心或者城市周围。
★考点　convey vt.运送;输送;表达
①We convey oil from Middle East.
我们从中东输送石油。
②Words can’t convey my feelings.
语言无法表达我的心情。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
convey,transport和transform
convey:表达,通常是指不可见物质,如感觉,情绪,问候,信息等。
transform:转变,指物质产生质变,一物(人)变成另一物。
transport:运输,运送,是指一物(人)被另一物(人)带去另一个地方,有一定的距离。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.Unfortunately,the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams,and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.(教材P50)
不幸的是,道路上的车辆数量造成了令人难以置信的交通拥堵,并且道路是如此拥挤以至于大家哪里都去不了。
★考点一　unfortunately adv.不幸地
①Unfortunately,he lost his job last week.
不幸的是,他上个星期丢了工作。
②Unfortunately,she was visited by a severe illness.
不幸的是,她得了一场大病。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
③Everyone is the architect of his own fortune.
每个人都是自己命运的缔造者。
词性 名词　含义 命运
④The girl was fortunate enough to have her mother as a friend.
这个女孩非常幸运,她的妈妈是她的知心朋友。
词性 形容词 　含义 幸运的
⑤Fortunately,you have the power to change all that.
幸运的是,你有能力去改变一切。
词性 副词　含义 幸运的是
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
fortune n.运气;好运;命运;财富
fortunate adj.幸运的;侥幸的
fortunately adv.幸运地;幸运的是
unfortunately adv.不幸的是;不幸地
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
★考点二　unbelievable adj.令人难以置信的;不可相信的
⑥It is unbelievable,but I like that.
这令人难以置信,但是我喜欢。
⑦We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
考点延伸?
1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
⑧This book is full of believable, interesting characters.
这本书里充满了真实可信的有趣人物。
词性 形容词　含义 可信的
⑨His firmness on his belief supported him in difficulties.
困境中,他坚定的信仰支撑着他。
词性 名词 　含义 信仰
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑩Some people believe in God and others don’t.
有人相信上帝,有人则不相信。
词组 believe in　含义 相信,信仰?
11.The story of his miseries is beyond my belief.
他的悲惨身世令我难以置信。
词组 beyond one’s belief　含义 令某人难以置信?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
unbelievable adj.令人难以置信的;不可相信的
believable adj.可信的
believe in 相信,信仰
belief n.信仰
beyond one’s belief 令某人难以置信
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(4)Her explanation certainly sounded 　　　　　　(believe).?
完成句子
(5)在那个国家,大多数人信仰上帝。
In that country most people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　God.?
(6)发生在他身上的事情是令人难以置信的。
What has happened to him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案(1)fortunes　(2)fortunate　(3)Fortunately　(4)believable/unbelievable　(5)believe in　(6)is unbelievable

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.In 1854,the British government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London,between Paddington and Farringdon,via King’s Cross,St Pancras and Euston.(教材P50)
1854年,英国政府授权大都会铁路公司在伦敦中心修建帕丁顿和法录登之间途经国王十字、圣潘克拉斯和尤斯顿的地铁。
★考点　via prep.经由;经过(某一地方);通过;凭借
①Her flight will be rerouted via Tokyo.
她乘坐的航班将改变航线途经东京。
②The news reached us via a friend of mine.
这个消息是通过我的一个朋友传到我们这里的。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
by,via和through
by表示“通过某种方式或途径”(如by train/by means of等),是借用或引申推广出来的,但by在表示该意思的时候有个前提:主体自己要跟随工具在一起,这是by的本义(在附近、在旁边)所决定的。
via表达的意思是“经由某个人、某个区域、某个工具达到某个目的”,这里的人/区域/工具都是中间媒介,它们起着传递、连接等作用,这时候主体跟工具是注定要分离的。
through指的是从事物的内部穿透过去。而这个内部可以是完全封闭的,也可以是部分封闭的,甚至可以是开放的。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
选词填空(by/via/through)
(3)The man will go there 　　　　　　train.?
(4)This afternoon the travelers will walk 　　　　　　the forest.?
(5)I will send her the news 　　　　　　the Internet.?
答案(1)via New York　(2)via the mail system　(3)by　(4)through　(5)via

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.However,new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money,so the digging was postponed until 1860.(教材P50)
然而,新火车不得不被发展起来,并且这项计划需要筹集大量资金,所以一直推迟到1860年才开始挖掘隧道。
★考点　postpone vt.延期;推迟;延迟
①The commander decided to postpone the big push until the spring.
指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行。
②We agree to postpone the shipping date,considering(that)there is no steamer recently.
由于/考虑到最近无船,我们同意推迟装船期。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
考点延伸?
1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Can we postpone the meeting till tomorrow?
我们能把会议推迟到明天吗?
词组 postpone...till...　含义 把……延期到……
④I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars.
在未获悉详情之前我得从缓做出决定。
词组 postpone doing sth.　含义 推迟做某事?
2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
⑤Rain caused the postponement of several matches.
好几场比赛都因雨延迟了。
词性 名词　含义 推迟
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
postpone vt.延期;推迟;延迟
postpone...to/until/till... 把……推迟到……
postpone doing 延迟做
postponement n. 延缓;推迟
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(3)It may be a simple 　　　　　　　　　(postpone)and once the war is over,they have children. ?
完成句子
(4)我只好把我们的约会延期了。
I will have to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案(1)sending　(2)till/until/to　(3)postponement
(4)postpone our appointment

5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
6.Sixteen years later,in 1884,the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.(教材P50)
十六年后的1884年,大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合,为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。
★考点　link up 联合;连接
①The two highways link up here.
这两条公路在这里衔接起来。
②The two spacecrafts will link up in orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上对接。
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Railway lines link country towns with the capital.
铁路线把各个乡村小镇与首都连接起来。
词组 link...with...　含义 把……与……连接起来
④The police have evidence linking Tom to this case.
警察有证据表明,汤姆和这个案件有牵连。
词组 link...to...　含义 把……和……联系起来
⑤The space shuttle will link up with the space station this afternoon.
航天飞机将于今天下午和太空站对接。
词组 link up with　含义 与……连接起来?
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
link up 联合;连接
link...with...把……与……连接起来
link...to...把……和……联系起来
link up with与……连接起来
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
(3)你需要和你的老朋友联手。
You need to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　your old friend.?
答案(1)is often linked to　(2)Link up theory with
(3)link up with

6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
7.Because of the smoke from the steam engines,early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals,so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.(教材P50)
由于来自发动机的烟,早期的地铁线需要大量的通到地表的有规则间隔的小洞,以便人们能够呼吸到新鲜的空气而不至于窒息。
★考点一　leading to the surface是动词的-ing形式作后置定语,修饰holes.
①There is a bag lying on the ground.
地上有一个包。
②The old man drawing a picture there is my grandfather.
在那边画画的老人是我的爷爷。
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
★考点二　interval n.间隔;间隙
③He comes back to see us at regular intervals.
他每隔一段时间就回来看看我们。
④The proper intervals should be maintained between vehicles.
车辆之间应保持适当的间距。
★考点三　choke v.(使)窒息;哽住;堵塞;阻塞;抑制;压住
⑤Very small toys can choke a baby.
很小的玩具可使婴儿窒息。
⑥You have to choke the engine when it is cold.
当发动机冷却的时候,你要阻塞住它的气门。
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑦She found it hard to choke down her anger.
她感到难以压下心中的怒火。
词组 choke down　含义 抑制(眼泪,愤怒等)?
⑧She choked with emotion.
她激动得说不出话来。
词组 choke with　含义 说不出话来?
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
⑨She kept talking and nobody could choke her off.
她说个不停,没人能阻止她。
词组 choke off 　含义 阻止?
⑩The roads are choked up with traffic.
道路都在塞车。
词组 be choked up with　含义 塞满……?
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
choke off 阻塞(交通);突然阻止
choke back/down 抑制(眼泪、愤怒、悲痛等)
choke with 说不出话来
choke up 堵塞;(紧张得)说不出话来
be choked up with 塞满,堵塞

6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10

7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10
8.Having seen the situation,a wealthy American businessman,Charles Yerkes,undertook the job of improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.(教材P51)
看到这种情况,一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程,他买下许多不同的地铁线,创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10
★考点一　having seen the situation是现在分词短语在句中作状语。
①Having finished all the work,the woman left the factory.
做完了所有的工作,这个女人离开了工厂。
②Not having received an answer,he wrote to her again.
没有得到回信,他又给她写了一封信。
③Walking in the street,she came across an old friend.
在街上走着,她遇到了一个老朋友。
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10
★考点二　undertake vt.&vi.承担,从事;承诺,答应
④【高考典句】(2015课标全国Ⅰ)The Thames had many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
泰晤士河有很多岛,Miranda已经把这些都回顾了一遍。她要告诉我们关于那些最伟大名胜的事情。
⑤She will undertake responsibility for the changes.
她将承担这些变革的责任。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑥She undertook to pay back the money within six months.
她答应在6个月内还清款项。
词组 undertake to do sth.　含义 承诺做某事?
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10
undertake vt.&vi.承担,从事;承诺,答应
undertake to do sth.承诺做某事
?
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10

7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
10
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
10
9.After World War Ⅱ ended in 1945,more people travelled on the underground,so the system was enlarged and more lines were added,including the Victoria Line,which was linked with other lines at almost every station.(教材P51)
1945年二战结束后,更多人乘坐地铁,因此地铁系统被扩大,更多的地铁线建成,其中包括几乎连接所有站点的维多利亚线。
★考点　enlarge vt.扩大;扩展;扩充;放大
①I have to enlarge my vocabulary.
我必须扩大自己的词汇量。
②I planned to enlarge this photograph.
我计划放大这张照片。
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
10

9
10
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
10.Important people who influenced or contributed to the development are also referred to sometimes.(教材P51)
有时候影响了或者促进了这个发展的重要人物也会被提及。
★考点　contribute to 促进,有助于;导致
①Various factors contributed to his downfall.
多种因素导致了他的倒台。
②Your success should contribute to the success of others!
你的成功应能有助于他人的成功!
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③He has made a contribution to our society.
他对我们的社会做出了贡献。
词组 make a contribution to...　含义 对……做出贡献?
9
10
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
④It was this disease that led to her father’s death.
是这种病导致了她父亲的死亡。
词组 lead to　含义 导致?
⑤The economic reform brought about great changes in the lives of the common people.
经济改革在老百姓生活方面带来了巨大的变化。
词组 bring about 　含义 引起,导致?
⑥The anger of the workmen resulted in a strike.
工人的愤怒引起了一场罢工。
词组 result in 　含义 导致?
9
10
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
contribute to 促进,有助于;导致
make a contribution to...对……做出贡献
lead to导致
bring about引起,导致
result in导致
9
10
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4