2019_2020学年牛津译林版选修8 Unit2 The universal language 2.2知识点课件（64张ppt）

(共64张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Word power & Grammar and usage
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一、写作词汇
预习该部分的词汇,完成下列小对话。
1.—Do you think I should join the oral English club?
—It’s a good 　　　　　　　　(机会) to improve your oral English.?
2.—Which 　　　　　　　　　?(系) is the best in your university??
—Computer.
3.—What’s wrong with your 　　　　　　(喉咙)??
—Something is stuck in it.
opportunity　
department　
throat
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二、阅读词汇
阅读下列句子,说出黑体词或词组的含义。
1.The high unemployment rate has a bad effect on the economy.
含义 　　　　?
2.Please send your resume to the personnel department.
含义 　　　　　　　?
3.The papers all chorused the praise of the president.
含义 　　　　　?
4.My legs are sore from all that running yesterday.
含义 　　　　　?
失业　
人事部门
齐声说　
疼痛的
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Grammar
Another kind is called percussion instrument,such as the drums and the gong—this kind of instrument is played by striking with the hand or with a stick.(P22)
另一种被称作打击乐器,比如鼓和锣——这种乐器用手捶或用棍敲。
★考点　strike v.打;击;撞击
①The stone struck me on the head.
石子打中了我的头部。
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考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的词性及含义。
②A good idea struck me.
我突然想到一个好主意。
词性 动词　含义 (使)突然想起
③The girl struck a match to light a cigarette.
那个女孩划火柴点燃了一根烟。
词性 动词　含义 (使某物)摩擦点燃
④I am sure the bus drivers will strike.
我相信公共汽车司机会罢工的。
词性 动词　含义 罢工
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⑤There was a strike.No public transport was running.
那时正举行罢工,公用车辆都停开了。
词性 名词　含义 罢工
⑥They made an air strike on the enemy’s position.
他们对敌军的阵地进行了空袭。
词性 名词　含义 袭击
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的含义。
⑦I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri-La.
香格里拉的美景给我留下了深刻的印象。
词组 be struck by　含义 被……所打动?
⑧It strikes me that we should stay here for the night.
我忽然想我们应该在这儿过夜。
句式 It strikes sb.that...　含义 某人突然意识到……?
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be struck by...被……所打动
It strikes sb.that...某人突然意识到……
【巧记】strike一词多义:
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strike,beat和hit
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The car ran out of control and struck a tree.
汽车失去控制,撞在了树上。
Somebody was beating at the door.
有人在敲门。
She hit him on the head with a book.
她用书打他的头。
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In some special styles of ellipsis,words are left out to save space and time.(P24)
在一些特殊的省略句中,为了节省时间和空间,有些单词可以省略。
★考点　leave out省去;遗漏
①【高考典句】(2016·天津卷)I determined to write them in alphabetical order,never letting myself leave out a tough idea.
我决定按字母顺序写下它们,绝不漏掉一个棘手的想法。
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考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体词组的含义。
②We left out the possibility of his coming for the party.
我们没有考虑到他会来参加聚会。
含义 不考虑
③Let’s leave the matter aside for a moment.
我们把这件事搁一会儿再说。
含义 不考虑;忽视
④No food has been left over after the meal.
饭后没有剩下什么。
含义 留下,剩下
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⑤They leave off work at 4.30 p.m.
他们下午四点半下班。
含义 停止
⑥Leave behind a clean world for future generations.
留给下一代一个清洁的世界。
含义 留下
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leave out省去;遗漏;不考虑
leave aside不考虑;忽视
leave over留下,剩下,剩余
leave off停止
leave behind留下;忘带
leave for动身前往
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How did you feel taking part in Turandot?(P25)
参演《图兰朵》(这部歌剧)你觉得怎么样?
★考点　“How do/did you feel doing sth.?”意为“你觉得……怎么样?”
①How did you feel living in the countryside?
你觉得住在乡村里怎么样?
②How do you feel liking the film?
你觉得这部电影怎么样?
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考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的句型及其含义。
③How do you find/like your new house?
你觉得你的新房子怎么样?
句型 How do you find/like...??
含义 你觉得……怎么样?
④What do you think of the Chinese food?
你认为中国的食品怎么样?
句型 What do you think of...??
含义 你觉得……怎么样?
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询问对方对某人或某事(物)的评价用语:
How do you find...?
How do you like...?
What do you think of...?
How do you feel doing sth.?
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(2)How do you 　　　　　?the life over here??
一句多译
导学号15330016
(3)你觉得这场演出怎么样?
?
答案:(1)giving　(2)like/find　(3)How do you like/find the performance?
What do you think of the performance?
How do you feel about the performance?

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It was a real opportunity for me to be cast.(P25)
对于我来说,能在剧中扮演角色,真是千载难逢的机会。
★考点　opportunity n.机会,时机,机遇
①【高考典句】(2016·江苏卷)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
父母应该积极激励孩子们把握住加入运动队的机会。
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考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分所含词组及其含义。
②This obviously provides an opportunity for us to make friends.
这显然为我们提供了交朋友的机会。
词组 provide an opportunity　含义 提供机会?
③Soon he had an opportunity of explaining that to her.
不久他便有了向她解释那件事的机会。
词组 have the opportunity of doing sth.?
含义 有做某事的机会
④I’m delighted to have the opportunity to meet you at last.
久仰大名,幸会幸会!
词组 have the opportunity to do sth.?
含义 有做某事的机会
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have/get/grasp the opportunity 抓住机遇
give/provide/offer an opportunity 给予或提供机会
have the opportunity of doing sth./to do sth. 有做某事的机会
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一句多译
导学号15330017
(3)所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。
All the participants in the debate 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:(1)to travel　(2)an　(3)had an opportunity to speak/had an opportunity of speaking

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...there was a short period when I was not working,and was just collecting unemployment benefits.(P25)
……有一小段时间我没有工作,我正在收集没有工作的好处。
★考点　unemployment n.失业
①His whole life is a fight against poverty and unemployment.
他的一生是与贫穷和失业作斗争的一生。
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考点延伸?
阅读下面句子,写出黑体单词的词性和含义。
②Different artists employ different painting techniques.
不同的画家会使用不同的绘画技巧。
词性 动词　含义 使用;运用
③She employs herself in reading after work.
工作之余,她忙于读书。
词性 动词　含义 (使)忙于,(使)专心于
④The state of employment in this city is improving.
这个城市的就业状况正在改善。
词性 名词　含义 就业
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⑤【高考典句】(2016·全国乙卷)A latest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last.
最近一份关于大学生就业市场的研究表明雇主对大学生的需求比去年减少了22%。
词性 名词　含义 雇主
阅读下面句子,写出黑体部分所含词组及其含义。
⑥He employed ten workers to sell computers.
他雇用了十名工人卖计算机。
词组 employ sb.to do sth.　含义 雇用某人做某事?
⑦He employed himself in teaching English.
他从事英语教学工作。
词组 employ oneself in　含义 从事……,忙于……?
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employ vt.雇用;运用;使从事于,(使)忙于,(使)专心于
employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in=be employed in从事……,在做……,忙于……
employment n.就业
employer n.雇主
employee n.雇员
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One day,I saw a poster put up by the production company’s Personnel Department,saying they were looking for singers.(P25)
一天,我看到一个制片公司人事部门张贴的海报,说他们正在寻找歌手。
★考点　put up 张贴
①【高考典句】(2016·北京卷)A week before Earth Day,posters were put up around our school,calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
“地球日”前的一周,整个校园张贴了海报,呼吁我们加入“绿色地球”的行动。
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考点延伸?
阅读下面句子,写出黑体词组put up的含义。?
②I’m afraid I can’t put you up.
恐怕我不能给你们提供膳宿。
含义 为……提供食宿
③A new skyscraper has been put up downtown.
市中心又建起了一座摩天大厦。
含义 搭建;建造
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④I put up the proposal on your behalf.
我是为你的利益才提出这个建议的。
含义 提出
⑤He put up his hand to ask a question.
他将手举起来问问题。
含义 举起
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阅读下面句子,写出黑体词组的含义。
⑥We have to put up with her bad temper.
我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。
含义 忍受,容忍
⑦Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
今日事今日毕。
含义 延期,推迟
⑧Put your toys away in the cupboard,when you’ve finished playing.
你把玩具玩完后放进柜子里去。
含义 将……收起来
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⑨He put forward a new theory.
他提出了一种新理论。
含义 提出,提议
⑩He put aside his book and began to listen to me.
他把书放在一边,开始听我讲话。
含义 把……放在一边
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put up 张贴;搭建;举起;为……提供食宿;提出
put up with 忍受,容忍
put off 延期,推迟;取消
put away 将……收起来;积蓄
put forward 提出,提议;推荐
put out 扑灭,熄灭;出版;生产
put down 放下;平息,镇压;记下
put aside 把……放在一边;忽视;储存
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答案:(1)举起　(2)盖,建　(3)张贴　(4)住宿

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(8)把会议推迟到星期五开要好得多。
It’d be much better to 　　　　　　　　the meeting till Friday.?
(9)确保要记下她说的每一个字。
Make sure that you 　　　　　　　　every word she says.?
答案:(5)put up with　(6)putting up　(7)put forward (8)put off　
(9)put down

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I applied for the job,and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.(P25)
我申请了这份工作,他们随后给我发来试演合唱团角色的邀请。
★考点1　apply for申请
①【高考典句】(2016·浙江卷)However,there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something.
然而,想做某事和申请某事之间有很大的差别。
②How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one?
在你得到这一份工作之前你申请过多少份工作?
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考点延伸?
阅读下面句子,写出黑体部分所包含的词组及其含义。
③I advise that they apply to the council for a home improvement grant.
我建议他们向市政会申请改善住房的补助金。
词组 apply to sb.for　含义 向某人申请……?
④What I am saying does not apply to you.
我说的话对你不适用。
词组 apply to　含义 适用于?
⑤This rule cannot be applied to every case.
这项规则不是所有情况都适用的。
词组 be applied to　含义 适用于?
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⑥Over the next months,he applied himself to improving the technique.
以后几个月内,他致力于改进这项技术。
词组 apply oneself to　含义 致力于(做)……?
⑦【高考典句】(2016·天津卷)Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.
后来,我决定把我先前的经验运用到怎样学习读写上。
词组 apply...to...　含义 把……运用/应用于……
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apply for 申请
apply to sb.for...向某人申请……
apply to 适用于/应用于
be applied to=apply to适用于/应用于
apply oneself to (doing)...致力于(做)……
apply...to...把……运用/应用于……
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★考点2　try out for sth.参加……选拔赛
①He tried out for the football team.
他参加足球队的选拔。
②These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.
这些队要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。
考点延伸?
阅读下面句子,写出黑体词组的含义。
③Will you try on the coat?
你试穿一下这件外套好吗?
含义 试穿
④Jim will study hard to try for the scholarship.
吉姆将努力学习来争取获得这笔奖学金。
含义 试图得到,争取
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try out for sth.参加……选拔赛
try on 试穿
try out 试验,检验
try for sth.试图得到,争取
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省略句
在英语中,有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复,并使上下文紧密连接;有时因为语法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。
省略的目的也是为了避免重复,使语言精练。大体上来说,被省略的部分是上文已出现过的词语或被省略的部分,并非上文出现的内容,但是在意义上是不言自明的。
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一、简单句中的省略
1.主语的省略
(You) Come early tomorrow if possible.
(I) Thank you for your help.
(It) Doesn’t matter.
(It) Sounds great!
Why (do) not (you/we) play football this afternoon?
2.在口语中的省略
—How is your mother today?
—Much better.
3.在祈使句中的省略
Open the door,please.
Come on!
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4.在感叹句中的省略
What a boy!
How they are working!
5.某些名词的省略
名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时经常被省略。
I met him at the doctor’s.
我在医生那里见到过他。
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6.动词不定式的省略
(1)为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式符号to。这类动词有:expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,would like,like和love等。
She asked me to dance with her,but I didn’t want to.
她要我和她跳舞,但是我不想跳。
—Will you go with me?
——你愿意和我去吗?
—Well,I’d like to.
——哦,我愿意。
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(2)在have to,need,ought to,be going to,used to 等后省略动词。
I really didn’t want to go there with him,but I had to.
我确实不想和他去那儿,可是我不得不去。
(3)在某些形容词delight,glad,happy,pleased等后省略to后面的动词。
—Will you join in our discussion?
——你愿意加入我们的讨论吗?
—I’ll be glad to.
——我愿意。
提示:若不定式中带有be,have 等,通常保留 be,have。
—Are you a teacher?
——你是一位老师吗?
—No,but I used to be.
——不是,但我过去是。
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二、并列句中的省略
1.在并列句中的后面的分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。
She was poor but honest.她贫穷但是诚实。
Bob has done his homework,but Tom hasn’t.
鲍勃做了他的家庭作业,可是汤姆却没有。
2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中,看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。
Bob works,and Peter lives in London.
鲍勃(在伦敦)工作,彼得住在伦敦。
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三、复合句中的省略
1.主句的省略
(1)主句的省略多见于句首,多用于口语中。
Pity you couldn’t come.可惜你不能来。
(2)在对话中,答句省去整个主句,只用从句。
—Shall I go to play?
——我可以去玩吗?
—If you like.
——随便。
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2.宾语从句中的省略
在以I’m afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess,I expect,I suppose,I imagine等开头的答句中,后面接so与not,用于代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内容。
—Do you believe our team will win?
——你相信我们队会赢吗?
—I guess so.
——我想会。
—I guess not./I don’t guess so.
——我想不会。
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—Will we be late?
——我们会迟到吗?
—I’m afraid so/not.
——恐怕是这样/不会。
—Do you think it will rain?
——你认为会下雨吗?
—I hope so.
——我希望如此。
—I hope not.
——我希望不要。
注意:“I hope so.”的否定式只能用“I hope not.”,不可用“I don’t hope so.”。
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3.状语从句中的省略
(1)在某些状语从句中,如果从句的主语是it,其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为:if (it is) possible,when (it is) necessary等。
Please try to finish your homework by yourself if possible.
如有可能请尽量自己完成你的家庭作业。
We’ll have the old house pulled down when necessary.
当有必要的时候我们将拆除这所旧房子。
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(2)在虚拟语气结构中,当谓语含有were,had,should等时,连词if可省略,但were,had和should需要放在句首。
Were I you,I would do more exercise.
如果我是你,我就做更多的运动。
Had I had time,I would have gone shopping with you.
如果那时我有时间,我就和你去购物了。
(3)以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省略。
He got up early as usual.
他像往常那样起得早。
He studies as hard as you.
他学习和你一样努力。
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(4)如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语部分有be动词,则可以将从句中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有:when,while,though,if和unless。
When crossing the road,you’d better look at both sides.
在过马路的时候,你最好两边都看看。
The little girl began to cry when asked by the police.
当被警察询问的时候,这个小女孩儿开始哭泣。
Unless invited,I will not go.
除非邀请我,否则我不去。
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4.定语从句中的省略
在限制性定语从句中可以省略做宾语的关系代词that,which,whom;在the same...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是the way,在后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或in which。
He is one of the men I can trust.
他是我所能信任的人之一。
We will do the same work as they.
我们将做和他们一样的工作。
I don’t like the way you speak to your mother.
我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
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四、惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略
1.How/What about+名词/代词/动词-ing形式?
What about some more milk?
再来些牛奶怎么样?
What about him?他怎么样?
How about going out for a walk?
出去散散步怎么样?
2.Why not+省略to的动词不定式?
Why not go at once?为什么不马上就走呢?
3.固定短语中介词的省略
have trouble (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
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