2019_2020学年牛津译林版选修8Unit 3 The world of colours and light3.2知识点课件（63张ppt）

(共63张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Word power & Grammar and usage
一
二
一、写作词汇
预习该部分的词汇,完成下列小对话。
1.—The weather in Xi’an is always 　　　　　　　　(多变的).?
—Yes.It’s not so easy to adapt yourself to the climate.
2.—What about the 　　　　　　　　　(住宿) arranged for you??
—Very good.Thank you a lot.
changeable　
accommodation
一
二
二、阅读词汇
预习该部分的词汇,说出黑体词的含义。
1.He hurt his left ankle in the broad jump.
含义 　　　　　　　　　?
2.He brought a three-piece suite for his new house.
含义 　　　　　　　　　　　?
3.Over there stands the dormitory for the students to live in.
含义 　　　　　　　　　　　?
踝关节　
一套家具　
集体宿舍
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
Oil paints are not mixed with water,as the colours have already been mixed with oil.(P38)
油画颜料与水混不到一起,因为颜色已经与油混合在一起了。
★考点　mix...with...把……和……混合
①【高考典句】(2016·江苏卷)Dashan,who has been learning crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
几十年来,大山一直学习相声,中国的喜剧传统,希望把它与西方喜剧传统相结合。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体短语的含义。
②He is famous for mixing Chinese musical traditions with western forms and instrumentation.
他因把中国音乐传统与西方音乐形式和器乐的使用融合在一起而著名。
含义 把……和……混合
③Someone has mixed up all the forms.
有人把表格全弄乱了。
含义 混淆,弄混
④The sauce needs to be mixed with the broth.
酱汁需要和肉汤混合。
含义 被混合在一起
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
阅读下列句子,写出黑体词的词性及其含义。
⑤The doctor suggested a mixed diet of fruits and vegetables.
医生建议水果和蔬菜搭配着吃。
词性 形容词　含义 混合的
⑥They looked at him with a mixture of horror,envy,and awe.
他们带着一种恐惧、嫉妒和敬畏交织在一起的复杂心情望着他。
词性 名词　含义 混合;混合物
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
(1)mix...with... 把……与……相结合
mix up混淆,弄混
be mixed with...被混合在一起
(2)mixed adj.混杂的;混合的
(3)mixture n.混合;混合物
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
The secret to oil painting is to build up layer on layer on a canvas.(P38)
油画的秘诀在于在画布上逐层作画。
★考点　build up增强,增加;创建,开发;积累,扩大
①【高考典句】(2015·全国Ⅱ卷)I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
我实际上开始摇晃电视来增强我的肌肉力量。
②The clouds are building up.
云层正在聚集。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分所含短语的含义。
③She went for dance and built her body up.
她去跳舞增进了健康。
含义 增强体质
④So people should help each other to build up a harmonious society.
因此,人们应该相互帮助,建立一个和谐的社会。
含义 创建
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
⑤The company has built up a large fund for ages.
多年来这个公司已积累了大量资金。
含义 积累
⑥We must build on our reputation to expand the business.
我们必须以信誉为基础扩大业务。
含义 把……建立于;依赖
build one’s body up 增强体质
build up 创建;积累
build on 把……建立于;依赖
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
In addition,there are many different kinds of paintings according to the subject,such as portrait (for people),landscape (for views) and still life (for objects).(P38)
另外,根据主题划分,有很多不同种类的绘画,比如说肖像画,风景画和静物画。
★考点　in addition另外;加之
①In addition,the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless of time and space.
另外,网络使得调查和投票轻松便捷,而不必考虑时间和空间。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体短语的含义。
②In addition,you need to know how long you should stay,and when you have to leave.
另外,你需要知道该待多久,还有该在何时离开。
含义 此外
③In addition to the names on the list,there are six other applicants.
除名单上的名字之外,还有六个申请人。
含义 除……之外,还……
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
in addition此外(=as well=besides )
in addition to除……之外,还…… (=as well as=besides)
in addition to意为“加在……上”或“不但……”,其中to是介词,因此用in addition to doing sth.,而不是in addition to do sth.。
In addition to learning French,he has to study Japanese.(√)
In addition to learn French,he has to study Japanese.(×)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
The first thing you should decide is whether you are going to paint in watercolours or oils.(P39)
你首先应该决定的事是你将要画水彩画还是油画。
句式剖析 本句是复合句,whether在句中引导表语从句,不能用if替换。
★考点　whether引导的表语从句
①The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是这是否值得做。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出whether引导的从句类型及是否能被if替换。
②Whether this is true or not remains a mystery.
这是对是错,还是个谜。
从句类型 主语从句　是否能替换 不能
③It remains a mystery whether this is true or not.
这是对是错,还是个谜。
从句类型 主语从句　是否能替换 能
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
④【高考典句】(2016·江苏卷)Moreover,I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
另外,通过在网上阅读他人的(信息)我能弄明白我对一件事的反应是否足够合理。
从句类型 宾语从句　是否能替换 不能
⑤They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student.
他们怀疑杰克是否是个好学生。
从句类型 宾语从句　是否能替换 不能
⑥They doubt whether Jack is a good student or not.
他们怀疑杰克是否是个好学生。
从句类型 宾语从句　是否能替换 能
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
(1)whether引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,一般不能用if替换。但是如果主语后置,则可以用if替换。
(2)whether与if在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但如果做介词的宾语或宾语从句置于句首时,只能用whether,不用if。
(3)whether后紧接or not时,不能用if替换,但如果whether与or not分开,则可用if替换。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
A soft eraser will be useful in case you want to make changes.(P39)
一个软橡皮擦会有用的,以备你想改动时用。
★考点　in case以防,以防万一;以免
①【高考典句】(2016·全国乙卷)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.
Larry告诉她他已经扑灭了大火,她应该别动以免伤到脖子。
②In case you’re wondering why he’s here—let me explain.
我来解释一下吧,免得你奇怪他为什么在这里。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体短语的含义。
③Two guards stood beside the door in case of emergency.
两名守卫站在门口以防发生紧急情况。
含义 以防(表示目的)
④We have to go past your house in any case,so we’ll take you home.
不管怎样,我们都要经过你家,所以我们会送你回去。
含义 无论如何;不管怎样
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
⑤In that case,I might as well bring them back with me.
那样的话,我还不如把它们拿回去。
含义 要是那样的话
⑥In no case should I give up.
在任何情况下我都不应该放弃。
含义 决不
in case of以防(表示目的);如果;假使(表示条件)
in any case无论如何;不管怎样
in this/that case要是这样/那样的话
in no case决不
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar
in case可用做副词,也可用做连词。in case of是介词短语,后接名词或动名词。
In case fire,ring the bell.(×)
In case of fire,ring the bell.(√)
【提示】in no case表示“决不”,放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grammar

5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
Grammar
The weather has been changeable,but we are having a great time.(P41)
天气多变,但我们过得很快乐。
★考点　changeable adj.多变的,易变的
①The weather is changeable in June.六月的天气变化无常。
②I will not go with you,for the weather is changeable these days.
我不和你去了,因为这几天的天气总是变幻无常。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体词的词性及其含义。
③All the things in the room were kept changeless.
房间里的所有东西都保持原封不动。
词性 形容词　含义 永远不变的
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
Grammar
④Our plan has changed.
我们的计划已经改变。
词性 动词　含义 变化;改变
⑤The changes are an improvement in one way.
这些变从某种意义上说是一种进步。
词性 名词　含义 变化;改变
⑥One should adapt oneself to the changed conditions.
我们应当使自己适应变化了的情况。
词性 形容词　含义 变化了的
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
Grammar
changeless adj.永远不变的
change n.& v.变化;改变
changed adj.变化了的
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
Grammar

6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
Grammar
Aunt really enjoyed France and so did grandma and I.(P41)
姑妈很喜欢法国,我和奶奶也一样。
句式剖析 句中“so did grandma and I”属于“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构,用来表示上文所述的肯定情况也适用于后者,意为“……也一样”。
★考点　“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构
①He likes to listen to music.So do I.
他喜欢听音乐。我也喜欢。
②Many of my classmates have seen the film and so have I.
我的很多同学都看过这部影片,我也看过。
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的结构类型及其含义。
③—Tom didn’t go to the party yesterday.
——汤姆昨天没有去参加聚会。
—Neither/Nor did Peter.
——彼得也没去。
结构类型 neither/nor +be/助动词/情态动词+主语　含义 前面的否定情况也适合于后者?
④He is only a child but he knows a lot about wild animals;so it is with his sister.
他只是个小孩但是了解很多野生动物,他姐姐也是如此。
结构类型 So it is with sb.　含义 用于前面句中同时有肯定形式和否定形式或者是有两个不同类型的谓语时?
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
Grammar
⑤Todd’s father is an honest man and works hard.It is the same with Todd.
托德的爸爸是个诚实人而且工作努力。托德也是这样。
结构类型 It is the same with sb.　含义 用于前面句中同时有肯定形式和否定形式或者是有两个不同类型的谓语时?
⑥—Tom has been to Beijing before.
——汤姆以前去过北京。
—So he has.
——的确如此。
结构类型 so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词
含义 表示对前面所述情况的肯定,意为“的确如此”
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
Grammar
(1)“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”表示前面所述的否定情况也适合后面的人或事物。
(2)It is the same with sb./So it is with sb.表示“……确实如此”。用于前面句中同时有肯定形式和否定形式或者是有两个不同类型的谓语时。
(3)“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be”表示对前面所述情况的肯定,意为“的确如此”。
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
Grammar

7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
Grammar
So,instead,we found accommodation in a dormitory.(P41)
因此,与此相反,我们在一个集体宿舍里找到了住处。
★考点　accommodation n.住处,住宿,膳宿
①【高考典句】(2016·天津卷)They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort.
一下飞机就有人接他们并他们带到舒适的住处。
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体词的词性及其含义。
②This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这旅馆可供多达500位来宾住宿。
词性 动词　含义 容纳(乘客)
③I can accommodate you with two bedrooms and a sitting-room.
我可以供给你们两间卧室和一间起居室。
词性 动词　含义 提供……膳宿
④She tried to accommodate her way of life to his.
她试图使自己的生活方式与他的生活方式相适应。
词性 动词　含义 使适应
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
Grammar
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的含义。
⑤Our school makes accommodations for the students.
我们学校为学生提供食宿。
含义 为……提供膳宿
⑥You must accommodate yourself to circumstances.
你必须随机应变。
含义 使自己适应……
⑦We can not accommodate him with anything.
我们什么也不能向他提供。
含义 向……提供……
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
Grammar
accommodate vt.容纳;提供……膳宿;使适应
make accommodations for为……提供膳宿
accommodate oneself to...使自己适应……
accommodate...with...向……提供……
【提示】accommodation做“住宿,膳宿”讲时,常用复数形式。
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
Grammar
答案:(1)accommodation　(2)to　(3)seeing　(4)with

7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
Grammar
完成句子
(5)这个大厅只能容纳200人。
The hall can only 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
(6)你愿意让我们在你家借宿一晚吗?
Would you be kind enough to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in your home??
答案 (5)accommodate 200 people　(6)accommodate us for the night

8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.(P41)
第二天早上我们刚离开宿舍,就想起我们把地图忘在房间里了。
★考点　hardly...when...表示“刚……就……,一……就……”。
①We had hardly arrived when she started crying to go home.
我们刚到,她就哭着要回家。
②Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train started.
我刚到车站,火车就开了。
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分所含短语的含义。
③No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.
他刚要开始说话,观众就打断了他。
含义 一……就……
④The moment we arrived home,it began to rain.
我们一到家,天就开始下雨了。
含义 一……就……(名词结构,连接状语从句)
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
⑤Immediately the bell rang,the boys rushed out.
铃一响,男孩子们就冲出去了。
含义 一……就……(此处用作连接)
⑥On arriving home I discovered they had gone.
我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
含义 一……就……
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
表达“一……就……”的句式有:
hardly/scarcely/...when...
no sooner...than...
the moment/minute/second...
immediately/directly/instantly...
on/upon (doing) sth.
【提示】hardly/scarcely/barely...when...和no sooner...than...句型中,hardly,scarcely,barely,no sooner置于句首时,主句用倒装语序,从句语序不变(不用倒装)。
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar

9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
倒装
将谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语的前面,这种句式被称为倒装。倒装又可分为完全倒装和半倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为完全倒装,也叫全部倒装;只将助动词、be动词或情态动词放到主语之前的称为半倒装或部分倒装。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
一、完全倒装
谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子是完全倒装句,这类句型主要有四种:
1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语:here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等,置于句首。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。
【特别提醒】当句子的主语由人称代词担当时,句子不倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
2.such置于句首时
Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
这就是爱因斯坦,一个简单的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
【特别提醒】此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以,such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。
[辨析] 这就是他的临终遗言。
Such is his last words.(×)
Such are his last words.(√)
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
3.“There be”句型
be动词可用“stand,live,exist,lie,remain,seem,appear”等来代替,其形式为:There+谓语+主语。
There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.
山顶有座塔。
There appear some black clouds in the sky.
空中布满乌云。
【特别提醒】在“There be”句型中,be动词根据靠近be动词的名词的单复数来变化。例如:
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子/两把椅子和一张桌子。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
4.表语置于句首时
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分,可将做表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首,构成完全倒装形式,即:形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语+be+主语。
Happy are those who are contented.
知足者常乐。
Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students.
20位老师和30位学生参加了会议。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
席地而坐的是一群年轻人。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
二、部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种:
1.only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句,且放在句首时。
Only then did he realize he was wrong.
直到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方式,我们才能学好英语。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
【特别提醒】
①only修饰主语时,句子不可以倒装。
Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答问题。
②only位于句首修饰状语从句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
[辨析]只有他返回时,我们才查明真相。
Only when did he return we found out the truth.(×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√)
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
2.否定副词或短语never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,at no time,by no means,in no case等置于句首时。
Never before have I seen such a moving film.
我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons.
在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。
3.五个重要的固定句型:
(1)“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“前一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。
He came last night,so did I.
他昨晚来了,我也来了。
Lily can’t ride,neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
【特别提醒】
①如果表示对前面内容的肯定,不使用倒装句式。
—It is hot today.——今天天真热。
—So it is.——的确如此。
②此句型也可写成It is/was the same with+主语或So it is/was with+主语。
—Tom is clever and works hard.
——汤姆很聪明而且工作努力。
—So it is with Jack.
——杰克也是这样。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
(2)在“so+adj./adv....that...”句型中,如果so+adj./adv.置于句首,主句用部分倒装,that从句不倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他的英语说得如此清楚,以至于他总能让别人听懂。
(3)在“not only...,but(also)...”句型中,如果not only置于句首,需将not only引导的句子倒装,但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅帮助人们找工作,而且会向需要的人提供医疗帮助。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
(4)当“not until...”置于句首时,until从句的主谓不可倒装,而只是主句需要倒装。
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来,我们才吃晚饭。
(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中,通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语)。
Child as he was,he made a living by himself.
尽管他是个孩子,他却自己谋生。
Tired as he was,he still went on with his work.
尽管很累,他还是继续工作。
Try as he might,he didn’t pass the exam.
尽管很用功,但他考试还是不及格。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
【特别提醒】如果是单数名词或形容词最高级做表语,不再用冠词。
Youngest as he is in our class,he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。
9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
(2)(2015·湖南卷改编)Only after talking to two students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我才发现) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.?
(3)(2015·天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(她才意识到) that she had left the contract at home.?
答案:(1)did they encourage　(2)did I discover (3)did she realize　

9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
(4)　　　　(护士们不仅)want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.?
(5)No sooner 　　　　　　　　　(莫言一登上舞台) than the audience broke into thunderous applause.?
(6)Only when you can find peace in your heart
　　　　　　　　　　(你才能与他人保持良好的关系).?
(7)Not until he went through real hardship 　　　　　(他才意识到) the love we have for our families is important.?
答案: (4)Not only do the nurses (5)had Mo Yan stepped on the stage　(6)will you keep good relationships with others　(7)did he realize

9
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
Grammar
(8)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness 　　　　　　(我才会说话) to him again.?
(9)At no time 　 　(他们违反了规则) of the game.It was unfair to punish them.?
(10)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent
　　　　　　(病人能够被治疗) properly in this hospital.?
答案:(8)will I speak　(9)did they break the rules　(10)can the patients be treated