Module 2 No Drugs
第二部分：?阅读理解?（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Outdoor Centre
Opening times
Water sports: 9 am-5 pm
Play Park: 10 am-4 pm
Entrance / Car park fees
Low season: Weekdays ￡2.00 per car?
Weekends ￡3.00 per car
High season: 23 July-11 September
Weekdays and weekends ￡3.00 per car
One-day adventure?(冒险)?course
This is a chance you have been waiting for. Come and try sailing, climbing and surfing (冲浪). This course is trying to introduce outdoor activities to adults in a fun way. You do not need to be very fit or to have had experience of the activities. All you need is to be interested.
Play Park
The Play Park is suitable for children from 2 to 10 years of age. It is one of the best of its type in the country. It has sand and water play, large ball pool, play castle (城堡) and much, much more.
Group day and weekend courses
We also offer day and long weekend courses for groups. We receive regular (定期的) visits from schools and colleges. There are three large rooms with twelve beds in each, which can be booked beforehand for groups of up to 36 people (12 at least).
Summer adventure holiday (for 8 -14 years of age)
Safety is of great importance at the Outdoor Centre. All our workers are fully trained in first aid (急救), and able to teach the activities on offer. We also make certain that all children only take part in activities that are suitable for their age and physical abilities. For this programme children must be able to swim 25 metres and be in good physical health.
21. How much should a family driving two cars pay when entering the centre in August?
A. ￡2.00. ???????????????????
B. ￡3.00. ????????????
C. ￡4.00. ???????????????????
D. ￡6.00.
22. Which of the following is suitable for a group of ten children aged 6 to 8?
A. Play Park.
B. One-day adventure course.
C. Summer adventure holiday.
D. Group day and weekend courses.
23. People who want to take the summer adventure holiday _____.
A. can stay overnight if they want
B. should have basic skills in swimming
C. should have a knowledge of first aid
D. can do any sport they are interested in
?
B
American runner Meb Keflezighi thought that he had retired (退役). But he had one more task. At the age of 42, he ran the 2018 Boston Marathon (波士顿马拉松) to raise money for the Martin Richard Foundation (MRF). The organization, created by Martin’s parents, honors the memory of the eight-year-old boy who was killed in the terrorist attack (恐怖袭击) at the 2013 Boston Marathon.
Born in Eritrea, a country in the Horn of Africa, Keflezighi has had to deal with many difficulties from the time he was growing up. “No running water, no electricity,” he said. “You had to go two, three miles to get wood so that you could have fire to cook.”
For Keflezighi, running has always been a way of life.?“It’s what I love to do, and it’s who I am,”?he said. Keflezighi won the 2014 Boston Marathon and the 2009 New York City Marathon, and got a silver medal (奖牌) at the 2004 Summer Games in Athens, Greece.
Keflezighi retired from competition after the 2016 New York City Marathon. But he decided to run one last race. “I’m happy with my achievements,” he said. “Now, I’ll help others reach their goals.”
On the morning of April 16, Keflezighi set out from the starting line with more than 27,000 other marathoners. They raced through Boston’s hilly streets, heavy winds and cold rain. Those were “the most difficult conditions I’ve ever run in,” Keflezighi said after the race.
Keflezighi finished in 3 hours and 13 seconds, nearly an hour slower than his winning time at the 2014 Boston Marathon. But this year, Keflezighi was running not for the prize, but for a cause.
“Marathon Meb”, as he is called, is still?inspiring?others. He said. “We all have difficult situations, but as long as we can overcome those, there’s the finish line waiting for us.”
24. Why did Keflezighi run another race after he had decided to retire?
A. To raise money for an organization.
B. To express thankfulness to Martin’s parents.
C. To try running in the most difficult conditions.
D. To encourage people to face difficulties bravely.
25. How was Meb Keflezighi’s life like as a child?
A. Hard. ????????????????????
B. Lonely. ????
C. Exciting. ?????????
D. Peaceful.
26. What can we learn about the 2018 Boston Marathon?
A. It was supported by MRF.
B. It was held in very bad weather.
C. Keflezighi broke his own record at this race.
D. Keflezighi decided to run another race after this one.
27. What does the underlined word “inspiring” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Helping. ??????????
B. Training. ??
C. Questioning. ???
D. Encouraging.
?
C
One of the major problems facing nursing homes is that patients don’t move around enough. All too often the elderly end up sitting and looking at a wall or into a television. They’re usually not motivated (有积极性的) to exercise, partly because getting moving again after a long period of inactivity can cause pain, and partly because it’s not interesting to sit and look at a wall while you bike.
A new research project from Aalborg University in Denmark may have the solution: virtual reality (VR). The project, led by Jon Ram Bruun-Pedersen, uses the technology to get the elderly on exercise bikes, thus turning exercise into a virtual experience.
In Bruun-Pedersen’s study, large TV screens were set up in front of the exercise bikes in the nursing home’s activity room. While they biked, the 21 seniors rode through various virtual landscapes (风景) on the TV screen. The bikes were connected with the screens so the speed the subjects biked with was related to their speed through the landscape.
“The study showed that seniors were happy with the experience and really lived it,” says Bruun-Pedersen. “They felt as if they had to ride harder to get up the hill on the screen.”
Next, the elderly subjects wore VR glasses with small screens in front of their eyes. The feeling is very true to life, and the elderly subjects vividly (逼真地) experienced being out in the great outdoors?—?even though they were still on an exercise bike in the activity room.
“We set the study up so the elderly could ride in the same landscapes they knew from the screens. They took to the experience amazingly well,” Bruun-Pedersen said. “The seniors’ desire to use the exercise bikes greatly increased.”
“This is really good,” he says. “Partly because it’s good for them physically to move more, but also because I wanted them to experience getting out in the world — even if it’s a virtual world.”
28. According to the text, what is a reason why the elderly seldom move around?
A. They are not in good health.
B. They are afraid of getting hurt.
C. Doing exercise may be painful.
D. It’s more interesting to watch TV.
29. What can we infer about the seniors’ experience in Bruun-Pedersen’s study?
A. The VR glasses helped them bike easier and faster.
B. They tried to avoid moving around in the outdoors.
C. They had to ride harder when climbing a virtual hill.
D. The faster they biked the quicker they traveled on screen.
30. What did the subjects of the study think of their virtual cycling tour?
A. Enjoyable. ???????
B. Dangerous. ?????
C. Relaxing. ????????
D. Tiring.
31. How is the text mainly developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By asking questions and answering them.
D. By raising a problem and offering the solution.
?
D
Iceland is known for its wonderful ice fields and it has one of the best places in the world to see the Northern Lights. However, in the late 1990s, Iceland was also known as a country with one of the highest numbers of teen drug abuse (滥用) in Europe.?“There were large groups of teenagers getting hopelessly drunk,” American researcher Harvey Milkman said.
Noticing their teenagers were out of control, the country decided to do something. With the help of researchers including Harvey Milkman, the government began a special experiment, helping teenagers stay away from drugs. The program, called Youth Iceland, tried to give teens more meaningful and enjoyable things to do. It made kids feel like they were part of something. It also encouraged parents to make time for their children and to actively take part in their lives.
The government spent millions of dollars to support new programs for sports, music, arts and dance. Low-income (低收入的) families?—?who couldn’t afford to sign their kids up for sports programs or art classes?—?were given a special card of $325 a year. This made it possible for those parents to take part in after-class activities with their children. Besides, kids between the ages of 13 and 16 were not allowed to go outside after 10 p.m. in winter or after midnight in summer.?
Today, Iceland has the lowest rate (比率) of teen drug abuse in Europe. In 1998, before Youth Iceland, 42% of 15- and 16-year-olds reported getting drunk. Last year, that number had dropped to 5%. Those smoking cigarettes dropped from 23% to 3%. At the same time, the percentage of those spending time with their parents on weekdays doubled, from 23% to 46%, and the percentage taking part in organized sports at least four days a week jumped from 24% to 42%.
32. What can we infer about the problems mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A. They were quite serious.
B. They were hard to notice.
C. They were easy to deal with.
D. They were common in Europe.
33. What’s the purpose of Youth Iceland??
A. To test a new program.?
B. To prevent teen drug use.??
C. To win support from parents.
D. To give teens more free time.
34. What is the use of the special card?
A. To help poor families live a better life.
B. To encourage poor families to do after-class activities.
C. To make sure kids feel like they were part of something.
D. To provide kids from poor families with formal education.
35. What do the numbers in the last paragraph show?
A. The program proves to be a success.
B. It is important to help teens develop good habits.
C. Teens in Iceland are well under control nowadays.
D. The problem of teen drug abuse in Iceland is serious.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I remember my first day at Usdan Summer Camp. I had a general idea of where the room for my Creative Writing class was, but I’d had trouble finding it.??36??
I was climbing some stairs when I saw a lady in a blue Usdan shirt helping a student. By this point, I was very tired and filled with fear.??37
M15. Same as me.
Relieved (宽慰的), I stated,?“I’m also looking for M15.”
“Creative Writing, right?”
“Yup, mind if we look together?”
Her name was Jorden. She was slim (苗条的), around my height. We agreed to look for our class together. The lady in the blue shirt gave us directions.??38??
Finally, after passing the same violin practice room five times, the instructor came out and greeted us with the obvious question: “?39?”
“Kind of,” we said. “Any idea where M15 is?”
Clearly, we were very close. All we had to do was go down some steps and turn right.
?40??I didn’t know how the teacher would react. She wasn’t mad; she just smiled and said that a lot of people get to class late because of its location (位置). Some even arrived after us.
After that day, Jorden and I remained friends. We’d always laugh about how we met, and what our first day was like.
A. Are you two lost?
B. Which room are you looking for?
C. But neither of us understood them.
D. Even so, we were twenty minutes late for class.
E. It was comforting to know we were in the same boat.
F. Then I heard which room the student was trying to find.
G. There were trees everywhere, and they all looked the same.
?
第三部分：?语言知识运用?（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When learning most things for the first time, it is important to be??41??and understand that becoming good at something takes time. This is??42??for sports, school subjects, and of course languages. When we’re small, we don’t think about the??43??of learning something new; we just go right ahead and do it, sometimes with funny results. One??44??is when I was learning to paint. I was very small so the paint got everywhere. But??45??getting angry, everybody would be patient with me,??46??me and showing me the correct way to hold the paintbrush, and after some time I was able to paint??47?.
This is an important??48??to learn when we learn another language. Many people??49??need one language, because their friends and family can speak the same language. As a??50?, when these people try to learn a new language, it is usually more difficult. This can be for a number of??51?. First, the best way to improve in anything is to have the chance to??52?. In the case of a language, this means having the chance to??53??with speakers of the language they want to learn. If this chance is not there, it can??54??the pace (速度) at which the language can be learned. Second, it is easier for the learner to lose interest because they have less chance to see their? 55 . Without this ability to see how much improvement has taken place, it is??56??for the learner to keep believing that development is happening.
It is??57??to learn something slowly, and then move at a pace which is??58??for the individual (个别的) learner, than to rush into learning too fast. It is a??59??I try to follow in my own teaching, and I hope my students benefit (得益) from a teaching method which??60??them to learn at their own pace.
41. A. patient ? ? ? ? ? B. careful?????? C. excited????????????? ??? D. honest
42. A. funny ? ? ? ?? ? ?B. simple ??? ?C. true ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. different
43. A. advantages ? ? ? B. difficulties? ?C. purpose ? ? ? ? ? ??D. pleasure
44. A. suggestion???? ? ??B. question???? C. idea ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. example
45. A. because of ? ? ? ?B. except for?? C. instead of ? ? ? ? ? ?D. along with
46. A. promising ? ? ? ?B. ordering???? C. answering ? ?? ? ? ?D. encouraging
47. A. naturally ? ? ? ? B. properly??? C. suddenly ? ? ? ? ??D. probably
48. A. skill ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. fact??? ? C. lesson??? ???????????????????D. task
49. A. still ? ? ? ? ? ? B. only??? C. even ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? D. already
50. A. result ? ? ? ? ?? ?B. whole? C. part ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? D. matter
51. A. doubts ? ? ? ? ??B. problems????????? C. instructions ? ? ?? ? ?D. reasons
52. A. change ? ? ? ?? ?B. ask ?? ?C. practice ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?D. choose
53. A. agree ? ? ? ? ? ?B. study ???? ???C. work ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? D. communicate
54. A. build up ? ? ? ? B. slow down????????C. keep ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. reach
55. A. ability ? ? ? ? ? ?B. future???????? C. progress ? ? ? ? ? ? D. influence
56. A. easy ? ? ? ?? ? ? B. important??? C. possible ? ?? ? ? ? ? D. hard
57. A. better???????????? B. stranger???? C. more comfortable ?? ? D. more harmful
58. A. useful? ????????????? B. right ???????? ?????C. special ? ? ? ? ? D. necessary
59. A. decision ? ? ? ?? B. hobby ?????????? C. job ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? D. rule
60. A. allows ? ? ? ? ? B. requires?????????? C. invites ? ? ?? ? ? D. teaches
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found that smokers were more than twice as likely to stop smoking 61. ________ (successful) if they received supportive texts from 62. ________ (they) friends and relatives.
The study looked at nearly 6,000 participants who wanted to stop smoking. They were divided 63. ________ two groups, with one group receiving the text messages, as part of a program called “txt2stop,” and 64. ________ other group receiving text messages unrelated to smoking. Texts sent via txt2stop 65. ________ (include):?“This is it!?—?QUIT (戒掉) DAY, throw away all your cigarettes. TODAY is the start of your QUITTING forever; you can do it!”.
66. ________ (compare) with nearly 5 percent who did not receive the same messages, nearly 11 percent of those who were sent the supportive messages were still abstaining (戒) from smoking after six 67. ________ (month).??
The researchers used saliva (唾液) tests to check 68. ________ those who said they had stopped smoking had really done so or not. The results suggested that text messages could be an inexpensive and simple way 69. ________ (help) improve (改善) health around the world. The researchers said that the rapid spread of mobile phone use and smoking in poor countries means that the txt2stop method could 70. ________ (use) in both rich and poor countries.
?
第四部分：?写作?（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.?每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.?只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday evening I went to the supermarket. When I was about to enter I see an old lady with deformed (畸形的) hands calling me. At the first I got afraid but then I decided to go ahead and find out that she wanted. She asked me about some money. She said I hadn’t eaten anything since that morning. I gave her some money and she happy went to a food stand and had her food. It made me realise we go shopping and spend money without think twice and then forget all about it in a few day. However, there are people don’t even have money to get a meal. I hope to spreading kindness to those in need in any way possible.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，在世界无烟日（World No Tobacco Day）到来之际，你受学生会委托，为你校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则倡议书，内容包括：
1.?陈述吸烟的危害；
2.?倡议大家远离烟草。
注意:?1.?词数100左右；2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
You may not know the name Charles O’Rear, but if you’ve used a computer in the past ten years, you’re familiar with his photo.
O’Rear is the man behind the picture of a green hill and bright blue sky that served as the background for Microsoft’s Windows XP operating system (操作系统).
In the 1990s, because of the spread of a pest (害虫), endless rows of grapevines in Napa Valley disappeared. Instead, the ground was covered with thickly-growing grass.
It was this picture of Sonoma County that passed by Charles O’Rear’s car window as he drove down Highway 121 in 1998. Although he was a photographer, O’Rear wasn’t doing his job that Friday afternoon. Instead, he was headed to visit his then-girlfriend (now-wife) near San Francisco.
But he still had one eye on the green hills. And then, he saw it. “Wow!” he thought. “The grass is perfect! It’s green! The sun is out; there are some clouds.”
So he stopped his car, pulled out his camera, and took a few photos. Those perfect greens and pure blues were totally unedited (未编辑的) when O’Rear posted them on Corbis, a site created by Bill Gates. A few years later, O’Rear got a call from Microsoft asking to use his photo of Sonoma County as the background for its newest operating system.
The company never told O’Rear exactly why they chose his photograph. “Were they looking for a picture that was peaceful?” he wondered. But artists Goldin and Senneby, who spent months researching the photograph, said that Microsoft “wanted a picture with ‘more grounding’ than the pictures of skies they had used in Windows 95.”
O’Rear agreed to sell Microsoft all the rights to his photograph. But Microsoft had valued the photo so highly that none of the shipping companies could cover the insurance. In the end, O’Rear boarded a plane to deliver (递送) the photo himself.
Microsoft named it “Bliss”, and, since Windows XP met the public in 2001, it’s been seen by at least a billion people.
1. O’Rear took “Bliss” _____.
A. on a business trip to San Francisco
B. on a trip to visit his then-girlfriend
C. when he was on holiday with his wife
D. when he was looking for beautiful hills
2. According to Goldin and Senneby, why did Microsoft choose O’Rear’s photo?
A. The picture was peaceful.
B. The picture was of high value.
C. There was more grounding in this picture.
D. The green grass fit perfectly with the blue sky.
3. How was the photo sent to Microsoft?
A. O’Rear carried it all the way there.
B. It was sent by an insurance company.
C. It was delivered by a shipping company.
D. Microsoft sent a plane to get it from O’Rear’s home.
4. What can we learn about “Bliss” from the text?
A. It has been used for about 30 years.
B. It was edited before being sent to Microsoft.
C. The green ground in it used to be covered with grapevines.
D. More and more people choose it as their desktop backgrounds.
?
B
I was sitting in my fourth grade classroom when a student walked up to me. She smiled and handed me a piece of paper covered with hand-drawn flowers. I opened the paper, and within the flowers was a note, which read, “Miss Allie. thank you for all you do for our classroom! I really appreciate you and I’m sure Mrs. Pennington does, too. You do so much for our classroom, so thank you.” The short note made my whole day. It made me feel important in the classroom I was helping.
With the world of media (传媒) that spread around society, it’s become so simple to communicate by text and email, but we shouldn’t overlook the importance of writing handwritten thank-you notes.
Handwritten notes are so powerful because it’s not as easy to write them as it would be to write an email or text. It’s much harder to go back and change the wording, so the writers have to take their time to really think about what they’re thankful for.
Besides, according to an article by?scientificamerican.com, people learn better when they write things out rather than typing (打字). Therefore, writers learn what they’re thankful for as they write it out, helping them remember their thankfulness in the long term.
An office worker usually receives 121 emails per day according to?templafy.com. If the writer sends a thank-you note through email, the receiver may look over it. But a nice letter with that person’s name written on it will quickly draw attention. People may even be excited when they see handwritten letters.
What’s more, while emails are easy to delete (删除) and forget about, physical thank-you notes can’t just disappear easily. I have a box where I keep notes written to me throughout the years, and sometimes I’ll sit down and read through them.
All in all, handwritten notes are powerful to both the writer and the receiver. Even as technology continues to develop, the importance of writing our thankfulness to others should not disappear.
5. Why did the author mention the student?
A. To advise readers to behave like her.
B. To introduce handwritten thank-you notes.
C. To praise the student for what she had done.
D. To show the author’s popularity among students.
6. What does the article by?scientificamerican.com?show?
A. People are more careful when writing things out.
B. Handwritten letters bring the receivers excitement.
C. People are unlikely to forget about handwritten notes.
D. Handwritten notes help people remember what they write.
7. What does the author think of the handwritten thank-you note?
A. It’s quite necessary.
B. It takes too much time.
C. It’s already out-of-date.
D. It’s popular among youths.
8. How is the text organized?
?(P=Paragraph)
参考答案
21-25 DABAA ? ? ? 26-30 BDCDA 31-35 DABBA ? ? ? ?36-40 GFCAD
41-45 ACBDC 46-50 DBCBA ? ? ? ?51-55 DCDBC ? ? ???56-60 DABDA
61. successfully???? 62. their ? ? ? ?63. into?? 64. the ? ? ? ? ? ? 65. included
66. Compared 67. months ? ? 68. whether / if ? ??69. to help?? 70. be used
短文改错
71. ... I see an old ...??????? ???? see?→?saw
72. At the first ...????????????? ??????? 去掉the
73. ... find out that ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? that?→?what
74. ... me about some ... ? ? ? ? ?about?→?for
75. ... I hadn’t eaten ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ?I?→?she
76. ... she happy went ...???? ???? happy?→?happily
77. ... without think twice ... ? ? ? think?→?thinking
78. ... in a few day. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? day?→?days
79. ... people don’t even ... ? ? ? people后加who或that
80. I hope to spreading ...???? ??? spreading?→?spread
书面表达
One possible version：??????
Dear fellow students,
As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. It is reported that worldwide millions of people die from smoking every year. Smoking can cause lung cancer and other breathing-related diseases. It is also a major cause of heart disease. Smoking may also lead to many other problems, such as bad breath and stained teeth. Both smokers and non-smokers are seriously affected by smoking. As students, we should have a healthy lifestyle. Let’s value our lives and stay away from cigarettes!?
?
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是应用文。文章为某家户外活动机构的宣传页。
21. D。细节理解题。由Entrance / Car park fees部分中的High season: 23 July-11 September? Weekdays and weekends ￡3.00 per car可知，八月份属于旺季，收费标准为每辆车3英镑，不分工作日和周末；因此两辆车需交费6英镑。
22. A。细节理解题。由Play Park部分中的The Play Park is suitable for children from 2 to 10 years of age以及Group day and weekend courses部分中的can be booked beforehand for groups of up to 36 people (12 at least)可知，6至8岁儿童组成的十人团没有达到团队课程的最低人数要求，因此，他们适合去Play Park游玩。
23. B。细节理解题。由Summer adventure holiday部分中的For this programme children must be able to swim 25 metres and be in good physical health可知，参加这个项目的儿童必须有能力游25米，且拥有健康的体魄。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——体育
本文是记叙文。马拉松名将Meb Keflezighi在宣布退役之后又一次参加马拉松比赛，但这次他的参赛目的不是夺取冠军，而是为一个组织筹集资金。
24. A。细节理解题。由第一段中的American runner Meb Keflezighi ... ran the 2018 Boston Marathon to raise money for the Martin Richard Foundation (MRF)可知，他再次参加比赛是为一个组织筹集资金。
25. A。推理判断题。由第二段中的Keflezighi has had to deal with many difficulties from the time he was growing up ... go two, three miles to get wood so that you could have fire to cook可推断，Keflezighi幼年时的生活非常艰苦。
26. B。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的heavy winds and cold rain和the most difficult conditions可知，2018年波士顿马拉松比赛举行当天，风雨交加，天气状况不好。
27. D。词义猜测题。划线单词的意思可以通过Keflezighi接下来所说的话体现出来。他告诉人们：我们都会身处困境，但只要我们能够克服困难，就能到达终点。他的话是在鼓励人们要勇敢面对并克服困难。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。疗养院的老人们很少进行锻炼。针对这种现象，某大学启动了一项研究项目。该项目巧妙地利用虚拟现实技术改善老人们的运动体验，使他们能在室内健身自行车上体验在户外运动的感觉。
28. C。细节理解题。由第一段中的partly because getting moving again after a long period of inactivity can cause pain可知，本文作者认为老人们很少锻炼的原因之一是：对于长久缺乏运动的人来说，锻炼可能会导致疼痛。
29. D。推理判断题。由第三段中的The bikes were connected with the screens ... related to their speed through the landscape可知，自行车与屏幕相连，老人们骑车的速度直接影响他们在屏幕上观光的速度。因此推断，老人们骑车越快，他们在屏幕上的风景中行进得越快。
30. A。细节理解题。由第四段中的The study showed that seniors were happy with the experience and really lived it可知，参与该项研究的老人们对于自己的虚拟自行车旅行经历很满意。
31. D。推理判断题。本文作者首先提出问题：疗养院的老人们鲜少锻炼，接着介绍了一个比较有针对性的解决办法：将室内健身自行车与虚拟现实旅行相结合，改善老人们的运动体验，从而促使他们增加运动量。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。文章介绍了冰岛针对青少年滥用毒品问题采取的有效措施。
32. A。推理判断题。由第一段中的one of the highest numbers和large groups以及hopelessly可知，冰岛青少年滥用毒品和酗酒问题很严重。
33. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的helping teenagers stay away from drugs可知，Youth Iceland项目的目的是帮助青少年远离毒品。
34. B。细节理解题。由第三段中的This made it possible for those parents to take part in after-class activities with their children可知，这种特别的卡片是为了鼓励贫困家庭父母与孩子们一起参加课外活动。
35. A。推理判断题。由最后一段的数据可知，Youth Iceland项目取得了成功。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
本文是记叙文。参加夏令营的第一天，作者正为找不到教室苦恼时遇到了同病相怜的Jorden。她们费了一番功夫终于找到了教室，这次“坎坷”的经历也让她们成为了朋友。
36. G。G项解释了上文中的trouble，即作者找不到教室的原因。
37. F。F项中的which room与本空后面的M15相对应。
38. C。C项与上文中的The lady in the blue shirt gave us directions形成转折关系，且C项中的them指代directions。
39. A。由本空前面的question可推断，本空应填一个问句，因此A项和B项符合文本特征；又从下文中作者和Jorden的回答Kind of可推断，A项符合语意。
40. D。D项中的twenty minutes late for class与下文中的get to class late相照应。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是议论文。作者通过自己小时候学画画的经历说明学习新东西不能急于求成，要有耐心。
41. A。由本句中的understand that becoming good at something takes time可知，此处表示要有“耐心（patient）”。
42. C。由上文中的learning most things for the first time以及下文中的This is an important ... to learn when we learn another language可知，学习运动、学校的科目以及语言的时候，也是如此（要有耐心），故填true。
43. B。由we just go right ahead and do it可知，我们不会考虑学习新东西会遇到什么“困难（difficulties）”。
44. D。作者以自己小时候学画画的经历为例，说明学习新东西不能急于求成，要有耐心。故填example。
45. C。?46. D。由本句中的everybody would be patient with me?以及?showing me the correct way to hold the paintbrush可知，大家“不会（instead of）”生气，他们对“我”很有耐心，“鼓励（encouraging）”“我”，教“我”如何正确握画笔。
47. B。由上文中的I was very small so the paint got everywhere以及everybody would be patient with me ... showing me the correct way to hold the paintbrush可知，过了一段时间，“我”能够用正确的方法画画了。properly符合语境。
48. C。作者以自己小时候学画画的经历为例，说明学习新东西不能急于求成，要有耐心。此处表示，当我们学习语言时，也要这样做，lesson符合语境。learn a lesson?吸取经验。
49. B。由because their friends and family can speak the same language可知，大多数人“只（only）”需要会讲一种语言。
50. A。Many people ... family can speak the same language?与when these people try to learn a new language, it is usually more difficult之间是因果关系，故填result。as a result结果；因此。
51. D。下文具体描述为什么这些人在学习一门新的语言时，通常会更难，故填reasons。
52. C。53. D。54. B。由作者小时候学画画的经历可知，不管学习什么，想要提高，最好的方法就是不断地“练习（practice）”，如果是学习语言的话，就要有机会和讲那种语言的人“交流（communicate）”。如果没有交流的机会，那语言习得的速度就会变得“缓慢（slow down）”。
55. C。56. D。由下文中的Without this ability to see how much improvement has taken place可知，学习者容易失去兴趣，因为他们没有机会看到自己的“进步（progress）”，也“难（hard）”以相信自己在进步。
57. A。由本文主题和上下文语境可知，先慢慢学习新东西，然后以适合自己的速度学比急于求成要“好（better）”。
58. B。由上文中的becoming good at something takes time以及下文中的learn at their own pace可知，此处表示学习新东西时，不要急于求成，慢慢来，以“适合（right）”自己的速度进行。
59. D。设空处指代?learn something ... and then move at a pace ... for the individual ... learning too fast这一原则，rule符合语境。
60. A。由第一段的描述以及It is ... I try to follow in my own teaching可知，“我”希望自己的学生在这种能够“让（allows）”他们以自己的步调学习的教学方法中受益。
第二节
61. successfully。考查副词。?设空处作状语修饰stop，表示“成功地”，故填副词successfully。
62. their。考查代词。设空处作定语，表示“他们的”，故填形容词性物主代词their。
63. into。考查介词。设空处所在句意为“他们被分成了两个小组”，故填into。?divide ... into ....?把……分成……。
64. the。考查定冠词。由上文中的two groups, with one group receiving the text messages可知，此处指（两个中的）另一个小组，故填the。
65. included。考查一般过去时。设空处作谓语，结合语境，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填included。
66. Compared。考查过去分词作状语的用法。compare与nearly 11 percent of those（those指代participants）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且compare表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填Compared。
67. months。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“月”，month是可数名词，且其前有six，故填months。
68. whether / if。考查连接词。设空处所在句意为“研究人员通过唾液测试来确认那些声称自己已经戒掉烟的人是否真的戒了”，故填whether / if。
69. to help。考查不定式作定语的用法。way后常跟动词不定式作定语，表示“……的方法/方式”。
70. be used。考查被动语态。method与use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因为设空处前有情态动词could，故填be used。
?
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 BCAC?? ??????? 5-8 BDAD
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史
本文是说明文。文章介绍了微软公司Windows XP操作系统所使用的经典桌面背景图片背后的故事。
1. B。细节理解题。由第四段中的he was headed to visit his then-girlfriend (now-wife) near San Francisco以及第六段中的he stopped his car, pulled out his camera, and took a few photos可知，他在去找当时的女友的途中，被窗外的美景吸引，于是停车拍下了一些照片，Bliss就是其中之一。
2. C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的artists Goldin and Senneby ... ‘more grounding’ than the pictures of skies they had used in Windows 95可知，Goldin和Senneby认为微软公司想要寻找一张地面部分相比先前使用的天空图多的图片，因此选择了O’Rear的照片。
3. A。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的O’Rear boarded a plane to deliver the photo himself可知，O’Rear乘坐飞机亲自将照片送到了微软公司。
4. C。细节理解题。由第三段可知，二十世纪九十年代时，Napa山谷曾经遍布葡萄藤，但因为遭受虫灾，葡萄藤消失，取而代之的是茂密的草场。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
本文是议论文。作者认为，纵使在大众媒体快速发展的当今社会，使用手写感谢函表达感谢仍然是很重要的。
5. B。推理判断题。作者在首段讲述她的一个学生送给她感谢函的故事，主要目的是为了引出本文讨论的话题——手写感谢函。
6. D。细节理解题。由第四段中的people learn better when they write things out ... remember their thankfulness可知，该文章的观点是：手写信函等有助于写作者记住他们所写的内容。
7. A。推理判断题。由作者在第三至六段介绍的手写感谢函的优势和最后一段中的powerful以及the importance of writing our thankfulness to others should not disappear可知，作者认为手写感谢函还是很有必要的。
8. D。篇章结构题。第一段作者用自己的一段经历引出文章话题；第二段作者表达了自己的观点——我们不能忽视手写感谢函的重要性；接下来第三至六段作者从四个方面阐述了手写感谢函的优势；最后一段，作者对全文做了总结，重申自己的观点。
Module 2 No Drugs
第二部分：?阅读理解?（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Dear Mary,
It was so nice to read your letter the other day. I have always dreamed about having a pen friend. Hopefully, we can learn from each other and grow to be the very best of friends. It is my wish that our letters will let us get to know each other and share parts of our lives.
Your horse?Shannon?sounds beautiful. I am very jealous (羡慕的) that you get to live on a farm. I cannot imagine how much fun it is to ride a horse through endless fields and I would love to come and visit you one day. Your siblings (兄弟姊妹) also sound lovely. I am an only child, so I can only imagine what it is like to have older brothers and sisters.
Life in?New York?is so busy and it is difficult to find the time to get to know people. Even becoming close to my classmates has proved to be quite difficult over the years. However, at times it can be the most amazing city in the whole wide world. At night it is so bright and lively and the whole place is full of things to do.
I love reading too! I have never read any books by your favorite author Enid Blyton though. I will have to go to my local library and find some. I also enjoy dancing and often enter competitions. My other favorite hobby is ice skating. In winter, I skate in?Central Park. In the other seasons, I go to an indoor rink (溜冰场). I am hoping to start entering ice skating competitions next year.
Anyway, I have to go now and do my homework. I really hope that I hear from you soon!
Lots of love,
Megan????????
21. What can we infer from the letter?
A. Megan has pen friends all over the world.
B. Mary plans to visit Megan in?New York.
C. Megan has been writing to Mary for years.
D. Mary and Megan have just become friends.
22. What is mainly described in Paragraph 3?
A. Mary's family.
B. Megan's hobbies.
C. Mary's life in?New York.
D. Megan's opinion of?New York.
23. How is Mary similar to Megan?
A. She likes reading.
B. She loves horse riding.
C. She has an older brother.
D. She lives in the countryside.
24. What do we know about Megan?
A. Her favorite author is Enid Blyton.
B. She goes ice skating all year round.
C. Some of her classmates are her best friends.
D. She'll enter a dancing competition next year.
B
Skiing has always been a big part of Mikaela Shiffrin's life. Her dad ski raced all through college and her mom raced and coached skiing. The Shiffrins taught Mikaela and her brother, Taylor, to ski at a very young age. At two and a half years old, Mikaela made her first ski run down her driveway on plastic skis.
Mikaela loved skiing. From ages 8 to 11, she did hundreds of training runs on small hills to learn the skills of slalom skiing (障碍滑雪). When Mikaela was 11, she began to learn at the?Burke?Mountain?Academy, a?Vermont?boarding school for skiers. She took classes, studied, and practiced her skiing. According to Burke Mountain Academy headmaster Kirk Dwyer,?“What separated Mikaela from others was the degree of her commitment (投入) to be the best. Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now.” At age 14, Mikaela began her international career when she raced in the world championships for 13- and 14-year-olds. And she won!
By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race. “Living away from home four and five months at a time can be difficult,” Mikaela says. “But it can also be exciting. I'm getting to see the world.” When Mikaela began ski racing in?Europe, her mother, Eileen, stayed with her. She worked as her high-school teacher while they were on the road. “She has always been a super-hard worker,” says Eileen.
For Mikaela, working hard is a full-time job. Even her off-season is work time. “If you want something, just try your best,” she says. At the 2014 Winter Olympic Games inSochi,?Russia, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal.
25. According to the text, Mikaela _____.
A. learned to ski by herself
B. was born into a skiing family
C. first skied when she was 3 years old
D. got to know slalom skiing at the age of 14
26. What Kirk Dwyer said suggested that _____.
A. Mikaela was cleverer than the other kids
B. Mikaela was too young to learn skiing
C. Mikaela was a hard-working girl
D. Mikaela was a slow learner
27. Who helped Mikaela with her school lessons when she traveled to?Europe?
A. Her mother.????????? ??
B. Her father.???????
C. Kirk Dwyer.???????? ???
D. Taylor Shiffrin.
28. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The 2014 Winter Olympic Games
B. The?Burke?Mountain?Academy
C. An introduction to slalom skiing
D. A young skier's fight for success
C
The world's largest online encyclopaedia (百科全书),?Wikipedia, is celebrating its 15th birthday. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Singer,?Wikipedia?is the world's tenth most popular website. It is available in 270 languages and has a total of 35 million articles, with 20,000 being added each month.
The first non-English versions (版本) of the online encyclopaedia were in German, Catalan, Swedish, Spanish, French and Russian. The English version is the largest with over 5 million articles. The website can be edited (编辑) by everyone. At present, about 80,000 volunteers around the world write articles for it. They are?monitored?by hundreds of editors who correct information if it is wrong. In the early days of the encyclopaedia, users had their doubts about using?Wikipedia, because many mistakes were found and some experts said it was not serious enough. As time went on, however, the online encyclopaedia grew and grew. It brought down Microsoft's?Encarta, which was the largest digital (数码的) encyclopaedia at that time, and the printed version of?Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Today, for almost any topic the first hit you get from Google is almost always a?Wikipedia?article. The Wikimedia Foundation runs the encyclopaedia and it raises money to pay its 400 employees. With the money it can also keep?Wikipedia?free from advertisements. The foundation says that it wants to raise 100 million dollars over the next decade to keep?Wikipedia?running.
In any case,?Wikipedia?is still growing. It has many sister projects, including?Wikimedia Commons, a database with millions of images, or?Wikidata, a free database that everyone can edit. Even though the encyclopaedia may not be the main source of information for scientists and other experts, it has helped change the world of research and knowledge.
29. According to the text,?Wikipedia?_____.
A. has a history of more than 20 years
B. provides information in 270 languages
C. is the largest encyclopaedia in the world
D. has been the world's most popular website
30. What does the underlined word “monitored” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Copied.??????? ????????????
B. Written.??
C. Checked.??????? ??????????
D. Translated.
31. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that?Wikipedia?_____.
A. is full of articles with mistakes
B. is growing at a surprising speed
C. lives mainly on advertisements
D. does not make much money
D
Did you know that a drop of your blood can predict (预测) diseases you may develop in the future? This is possible through genetic (基因的) testing. The most common type of genetic testing is called?“newborn screening,”?which is done to find treatable genetic disorders in newborn babies. In many countries, babies are screened in the hospital shortly after they are born. Although it is unusual to find that a baby has a genetic disorder, those that do have a disorder start receiving treatment right away.
Another type of genetic testing is called “predictive gene testing.” This is used to predict an adult's risk of developing certain diseases later in life. There are many obvious advantages. A negative test (a test that says a person is not likely to develop a disorder) can help people feel really relaxed. Jen Thomson, who recently underwent predictive gene testing for colon cancer, explains, “So many people in my family died of colon cancer, which has made me really worried. When the test came back negative, I felt as if someone had lifted a large weight off my shoulders.”
There are also some controversial (有争议的) downsides to genetic testing. Alzheimer's disease runs in An Lee's family. An has decided to get genetic testing to see if she is likely to develop it. However, her husband Bao is not happy about her decision. Bao explains,?“If the result is positive (阳性的), how will it help to know that she will probably develop the disease? If I had the Alzheimer's gene, I wouldn't want to know.”?Another problem is that even if someone tests positively for a disease, it doesn't mean that they will surely develop the disease. So a person could spend years worrying about something that will never happen.
32. Which of the following is TRUE of newborn screening?
A. It can only be done on certain babies.
B. It is unacceptable in many countries.
C. It can treat any kind of disorder.
D. It helps see if a baby is healthy.
33. What was the problem with Jen Thomson?
A. Something was wrong with her shoulders.
B. She was afraid of developing colon cancer.
C. A positive test changed her life completely.
D. Alzheimer's disease destroyed her memory.
34. What Bao says in the last paragraph shows a feeling of _____.
A. peace?????? ?????????????????
B. pride?
C. doubt?????? ?????????????????
D. loneliness
35. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To explain what genetic testing is for.
B. To encourage people to take a genetic test.
C. To give a description of Alzheimer's disease.
D. To show the influence of a positive test on patients.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
???????根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Our peers usually have a great influence on our lives. However, when it comes to learning valuable lessons about life, we learn much more from older people than our peers.
Unlike our peers, older people have a better understanding of life.??36??So we can learn more from their seasoned knowledge. Many of my friends spend little time on their lessons and they just use their time to have fun. However, my uncle has taught me that if I focus on (专注于) studying instead of playing all the time, my life will be more fulfilling (有成就的) later on.??37
Also, older people can point us in the right direction and away from the mistakes they have already made. If we simply follow our peers, we will often run into similar problems.??38??My brother tried out for the football team last year and did not make it. Many of his peers told him to give up on the sport forever. But my father helped him realize that giving up was not the answer. Then my brother practiced harder.??39??In?the end, older people can help us make the right decisions when we are in difficulties.
?40??Older people have more life experience, and they can give us excellent advice.
A. People who are your age are called peers.
B. That's because they have already been through it.
C. In short, we learn more from older people than our peers.
D. It's human nature to learn from other people in your age group.
E. However, we can avoid them if we listen and learn from our elders.
F. This year, not only did he make the team, but he was also the captain.
G. Without his advice, I would not realize the importance of a good education.
第三部分：?英语知识运用?（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Are you carrying too much on your back at school? I'm??41??lots of children of your age will say “yes”. Not only do the students in?China?have this problem, but children in the?United States?are also??42??of heavy school bags.
Doctors are starting to worry that more and more??43??students are having back and neck problems??44??heavy school bags. “It's??45??for me to go upstairs with my bag because it's so heavy,”??46??Rick Hammond, an 11-year-old boy in the?US. Rick is among the students whose school bags have two straps (带子) to??47??them, but many other students??48??rolling backpacks (拉杆书包). The??49??is that even with rolling backpacks, getting up stairs and buses is??50??a?problem for children.
Well, how much is too much? Doctors??51??that students carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight. Scott Butch, a doctor for??52??pain, said children under 4th grade should stay with 10%, but it is also??53??that older children don't go beyond 15%??54??their bones are still growing. “There are other injuries caused by??55?,” Butch explained. “And it is??56??for children to fall down with these large heavy bags,” he added.
Parents and teachers have come up with some new??57?. They have started to tell children to only take home library books they will be??58??that night. Some teachers are also using pieces of paper or??59??workbooks for students to take home. One of the best answers though, as some???60??themselves have suggested, is to have no homework at all!
41. A. sure ????????????????? B. lucky? C. happy????????????D. surprised
42. A. free????? ????????????? B. proud? C. tired????????? ????D. careful
43. A. good??? ????????????? B. tall ??? C. foreign?????? ???D. young
44. A. as for???????????????? B. because of????????C. instead of ?????D. except for
45. A. hard?????????????????? B. strange?????????????C. exciting??????????D. useless
46. A. asked ? ? ? ? ? ?B. said ?? C. warned????????????D. answered
47. A. find????? ?????????????B. call???? C. carry ? ? ? ? ?D. check
48. A. dislike??????????????? B. borrow C. collect ? ? ? ?D. choose
49. A. truth ? ? ? ? ? ? B. choice C. reason ? ? ? ?D. purpose
50. A. still ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. never? C. hardly ? ? ? ?D. already
51. A. find????? ?????????????B. agree? C. suggest ? ? ? D. promise
52. A. eye ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. back?? C. tooth ? ? ? ? D. stomach
53. A. unclear ? ? ? ? ?B. interesting????????C. impossible ? ?D. important
54. A. once ? ? ? ? ? ? B. though?????????????C. since ? ? ? ? ?D. unless
55. A. desks ? ? ? ? ? ?B. games C. fights ? ? ? ? ?D. backpacks
56. A. easy ? ? ? ? ? ? B. wrong C. special ? ? ? ? D. impolite
57. A. names ? ? ? ? ? B. ideas C. courses ? ? ? ?D. programs
58. A. writing ? ? ? ? ?B. receiving??????????C. reading????????????D. keeping
59. A. old ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. thin??? C. black???????? ?????D. beautiful
60. A. parents ? ? ? ? B. teachers????? C. doctors ? ? ? ?D. children
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：?英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
People 61. ________ smoke may suffer from deadly diseases, as well as long- and short-term health problems. However, smoking can be 62. ________ (danger) not only for the smoker, but also for those around the smoker. Secondhand smoke is 63. ________ third leading reason for avoidable death (after active smoking and alcohol), according 64. ________ the?Manitoba?Medical Association. They also say 65. ________ the smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, 50 of which 66. ________ (know) to be cancer-related. Secondhand smoke can lead to heart diseases, cancers and strokes (中风). In children, it results in great dangers 67. ________ (include) sudden baby death and middle-ear disease.
Not permitting 68. ________ (smoke) in public areas may help reduce the number of smokers. There may also be a sudden 69. ________ (realize) of the dangers of smoking. With the government's support, it may cause people 70. ________ (take) another look at how deadly smoking is.
第四部分：?写作?（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
???????假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
???????增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
???????删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
???????修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
???????注意：1.?每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；?2.?只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My sister has gone on too many crazy diets. Last month, she was on a diet that allowed her eat almost anything but grapes all day. At the begin, the diets seemed to work. Clear she lost weight. But a few week later my sister had put the weight on again. And the diets were making him tired and weak. I asked her to working out a better way of losing weight. She thought it over and agrees to give up the crazy diets. Beside, she planned to take more exercise.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
???????假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Jerry最近深受戒烟困扰，来信向你咨询有关戒烟的好方法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，安慰他并提出你的建议。
注意：1.?词数100左右（邮件的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jerry,
I'm very happy to hear that you are trying to stop smoking.
??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Yours,
Li Hua
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
On January 20, 1925, Dr. Curtis Welch examined a 3-year-old boy, Billy Barnett. He had a deadly disease called diphtheria. There was no medicine in?Nome,?Alaska. The closest supply was 1,000 miles away, in the city of?Anchorage. But how could the medicine reach?Nome? The town was almost completely cut off from the rest of the world in winter. By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick.
There was only one way to get the medicine to Nome?—?along an icy dogsled trail (狗拉雪橇小路). Town officials decided to have the medicine sent by train fromAnchorage?to the town of?Nenana. From there, dogsled drivers?—?known as?“mushers”?—?would carry it to Nome. The mushers would race in a relay. Each team would travel part of the route.
The trip usually took 25 days. But the mushers were the most experienced dogsled drivers in?Alaska. They hoped to complete the difficult task in just 10 days.?
The race began on January?27 in?the night. A musher named “Wild Bill”?Shannon?picked up a 20-pound box of medicine from the train. The temperature was 50 degrees below zero.?Shannon?had to run next to his sled to keep warm. After a night's ride, he handed the medicine to the next musher.
On January 31, Leonhard Seppala picked up the medicine. Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called?Norton Sound. It was the most dangerous part of the journey. The ice would sometimes break up. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. But Seppala made it across.
By February 1, the medicine was close to?Nome. But a huge snowstorm had hit. Conditions were so bad that Gunnar Kaasen couldn't find the trail. Balto, Kaasen's lead dog, put his nose to the ground. Suddenly, Balto found the trail. The team raced on.
Early on the morning of February 2, Kaasen and his dogs arrived in?Nome. Soon Dr. Welch gave the medicine to the sick kids. All of them recovered.?Nome?had been saved.
1. What was the situation like in Paragraph 1?
A. Rather strange.? ????? B. Very satisfying.?
C. Totally hopeless. ????? D. Extremely serious.
2. Why did the mushers run the race??
A. To take a pleasant journey in?Alaska.
B. To enter a great dogsled competition.
C. To carry medicine to sick children.
D. To test their sled dogs' courage.?
3. Which was the starting point of the race?
A. Anchorage.? ??????????
B. Nenana.
C.?Norton Sound.
D.?Nome.
4. How long did it take the mushers to complete the race?
A. Less than a week.
B. Ten days.
C. Twenty days.
D. Around a month.
5. What happened during the race??
A. Shannon carried the box by train.??
B. Seppala fell into an ice hole.
C. Balto helped Kaasen find the way.
D. Welch gave the box to Kaasen.
B
Bounty hunting is a job that exists (存在) in just two countries?—?the US and the Philippines. A bounty hunter's main job is to catch fugitives for an amount of money as a reward? (奖励). A fugitive is a person who is running away to avoid punishment. They've gone missing and are probably on their way to the Mexican or Canadian border (边界). The bounty hunter must find the fugitive and bring them back.
The bounty hunter has to work quickly. They will check up on the fugitive's friends, family and workmates to try to find a lead. They may also get in touch with underground criminal movements to see if anyone can tell them something about the fugitive. Sometimes they get lucky, other times they have to be patient.
Making the arrest (逮捕) is the hardest part of the job. In some cases, the fugitive has no intention of returning to the legal system. They may face a life in prison?—?and will do anything to avoid that. The bounty hunter has to prepare the ground carefully so the arrest can be made as smoothly as possible.
One of the most famous bounty hunters from the 19th century was John Riley Duncan (1850-1911). He was a?Texas?lawman who was most famous for his part in catching Wes Hardin (1853-1895). Hardin was a tough gunman who had killed over thirty men.
John Duncan joined the Texas Rangers in July 1877. The Texas Rangers were (and still are) an organization working to catch fugitives.?Duncan?found out that Hardin and several of his friends had bought tickets for a train leaving from?Pensacola?station in?Florida. On August 24,?Duncan?placed his men in key positions in the train and around the station. After a fight, Hardin was caught, but one of his mates (Jim Mann) was killed. Later, Hardin was transported by train back to?Texas. In the end, he served 17 years in prison for his crimes.?Duncan?ended his service with the Texas Rangers shortly after arresting Hardin, and spent the rest of his life as a bounty hunter, working mostly in?Dallas.
6. What do bounty hunters try to do at the beginning of a job?
A. Spend some time with the fugitive.
B. Wait for the appearance of the fugitive.
C. Look for information about the fugitive.??
D. Communicate patiently with the fugitive.
7. What can we infer about bounty hunting according to Paragraph 3?
A. It is dangerous. ?????? ????
B. It is poorly paid.
C. It is very relaxing. ?? ????
D. It is against the law.
8. Hardin was caught after?Duncan?_____.
A. moved to?Dallas
B. left the Texas Rangers
C. became a famous lawman?
D. knew of his plan to take a train
9. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Hardin went to prison at the age of 34.
B. The fugitive was caught in?Florida.
C. Mann was murdered by Hardin.???
D. The arrest was made smoothly.
10. What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A. To help arrest criminals.
B. To show who a fugitive is.?
C. To describe an unusual job.
D. To introduce a bounty hunter.
参考答案
21-25 DDABB ? ? ?26-30 CADBC 31-35 DDBCA???? 36-40 BGEFC?????
41-45 ACDBA 46-50 BCDAA???? 51-55 CBDCD ? ? ?56-60 ABCBD
61. who / that ?????? ?????? 62. dangerous?? ?? 63. the???????
64. to???????? ??? 65. that??? ?? ????? 66. are known??
67. including???? 68. smoking???? ? 69. realization?
70. to take
短文改错：
71. ... allowed her eat ... ? ? ? her后加to
72. ... anything but ... ? ? ? ? ? anything?→?nothing
73. At the begin ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? begin?→?beginning
74. Clear she lost ... ? ? ? ? ? ?Clear?→?Clearly
75. ... a few week ... ? ? ? ? ? ?week?→?weeks
76. ... my sister had ...?? ????? 去掉had
77. ... making him tired ... ? ?him?→?her
78. ... to working out ... ? ? ? ?working?→?work
79. ... and agrees to ...?? ???? agrees?→?agreed
80. Beside, she planned ... ? Beside?→?Besides
One possible version:
Dear Jerry,
I'm very happy to hear that you are trying to stop smoking.?Giving up smoking is a very difficult experience for every smoker. But you can try the following ways. First, inform those around you that you are giving up smoking. They will remind you not to smoke when you really want to. Next, you should stay away from anything that makes you want to smoke. For instance, avoid staying in crowded places like parties or bars. Last, list your reasons for stopping smoking. Put the list on the fridge or near the phone — wherever you can see it every day.
I hope these ways can be useful for you.
Yours,
Li Hua???????
部分解析
阅读理解：
A篇（朋友）
???????本文是应用文。作者通过这封信向对方介绍了一些自己的情况并表示非常高兴能和对方成为好朋友。
21. D。推理判断题。由第一段中的It is my wish that our letters will let us get to know each other and share parts of our lives可知，Mary和Megan是刚刚结识的一对朋友，故选D项。
22. D。段落大意题。Megan在本段中主要谈论了自己对纽约这个城市的看法，故选D项。
23. A。细节理解题。由第四段中的I love reading too可知，Mary和Megan都喜欢读书，故选A项。
24. B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的My other favorite hobby is ice skating. In winter, I skate in?Central Park. In the other seasons, I go to an indoor rink可知，Megan一年四季都去滑冰，故选Ｂ项。
B篇（个人情况）
???????本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了Mikaela Shiffrin通过滑雪走向奥运冠军的历程。
25. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的Her dad ski raced all through college and her mom raced and coached skiing可知，Mikaela出生在一个热爱滑雪的家庭，故选B项。
26. C。推理判断题。由第二段中Kirk Dwyer所说的Mikaela practiced more than anyone可知，她是一个十分用功的女孩，故选C项。
27. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的When Mikaela began ski racing in Europe, her mother, Eileen, stayed with her. She worked as her high-school teacher可知，在Mikaela前往欧洲参加比赛时，她妈妈一直陪伴着她并且给她补习功课，故选A项。
28. D。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Mikaela Shiffrin这位小姑娘通过滑雪走向奥运冠军的历程，故选D项。
C篇（现代技术）
???????本文是说明文。文章主要就维基百科的相关情况进行了介绍。
29. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的It is available in 270 languages可知，维基百科是一部多达270种语言的网络百科全书，故选B项。
30. C。词义猜测题。由该词后的hundreds of editors who correct information if it is wrong可知，很多编辑会核对这些文章中的信息，发现错误就会改过来，故选C项。
31. D。推理判断题。由该段中的The Wikimedia Foundation ... raises money to pay its 400 employees和The foundation ... wants to?raise 100 million dollars over the next decade to keep Wikipedia running可知，维基百科并不营利，它是通过募集资金来维持运行的，故选D项。
D篇（健康）
???????本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了基因检测这一技术以及人们的不同态度。
32. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的“newborn screening,”?which is done to find treatable genetic disorders in newborn babies可知，D项说法正确。
33. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的So many people in my family died of colon cancer, which has made me really worried可知，她很害怕自己也患上结肠癌，故选B项。
34. C。推理判断题。由该段中Bao所说的If the result is positive, how will it help to know that she will probably develop the disease?可知，他对基因检测是持怀疑态度的，故选C项。
35. A。写作目的题。作者通过本文主要介绍了基因检测这一技术以及人们的不同态度，故选A项。
七选五：
话题：周围的人
本文是议论文。作者认为和同龄人相比，前辈给我们带来的积极影响更大。
36. B。由该空前的older people have a better understanding of life可知，B项说法是对前面内容的解释说明。
37. G。由该空前的my uncle has taught me that ... my life will be more fulfilling later on可知，作者在此谈论叔叔对自己的影响，故选G项。
38. E。由该空前的If we simply follow our peers, we will often run into similar problems可知，如果我们听从前辈的建议，就可以避免类似的问题，故选E项。
39. F。由该空前的My brother tried out for the football team ... my brother practiced harder可知，这里是说作者的弟弟参加足球队的事情，故F项内容符合此处语境。
40. C。此处是对全文内容的一个总结，故选C项。
完形填空：
话题：学校生活
本文是说明文。越来越重的书包给孩子们带来了种种问题。
41. A。由下文的Doctors are starting to worry that more and more ... students are having back and neck problems可知，作者认为该问题的答案是肯定的，故填sure。
42. C。由该空前的Not only do the students in China have this problem可知，不但中国的学生有这样的问题，美国的孩子们也“厌烦（tired）”了沉重的书包。
43. D。由上文的children of your age和下文的an 11-year-old boy可知，这里是说沉重的书包给“小（young）”学生们的脊椎和颈椎带来的问题。
44. B。back and neck problems和heavy school bags之间是因果关系，故填because of。
45. A。由该空后的because it's so heavy可知，Rick觉得背着书包上楼梯太“艰难（hard）”了。
46. B。由该空前的It's ... for me to go upstairs with my bag because it's so heavy可知，这是Rick在“说（said）”自己的情况。
47. C。由该空前的two straps可知，是两根带子“拽着（carry）”书包。
48. D。由下文的even with rolling backpacks, getting up stairs and buses is ... a problem for children可知，其他很多学生“选择（choose）”了拉杆书包。
49. A。50. A。“事实（truth）”上，即使有了拉杆书包，孩子们在上楼、上公交的时候“仍旧（still）”是个问题。
51. C。由该空后的students carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight可知，这是医生们提的“建议（suggest）”。
52. B。由下文的bones和bags可知，Scott Butch应该是一位脊椎方面的医生，故填back。
53. D。54. C。由文中的older children don't go beyond 15% ... their bones are still growing可知，这里是说：还有一点十分“重要（important）”，那就是大一点的孩子背的书包也不要超过自身体重的百分之十五，“因为（since）”他们的骨骼还在发育中。
55. D。下文的these large heavy bags是提示信息。
56. A。由该空后的to fall down with these large heavy bags可知，孩子们背着这些沉重的大书包很“容易（easy）”摔倒。
57. B。由下文的only take home library books和using pieces of paper可知，家长和老师们有了新“想法（ideas）”。
58. C。由该空前的library books可知，这里是说孩子们带回去当晚要“读（reading）”的书。
59. B。本文主要是说孩子们的书包太重，所以为了减轻负担一些老师让孩子们只带些纸张或是“薄薄的（thin）”作业本回家。
60. D。由该空后的to have no homework at all可知，一些“孩子（children）”自己觉得最好的办法就是不留作业。
语法填空：
61. who / that。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词People,?且在从句中作主语，故填who / that。
62. dangerous。考查形容词作表语的用法。be dangerous for意为“对……是危险的”。
63. the。考查定冠词。序数词前用定冠词the，表示“第……”。???
64. to。考查固定短语。according to意为“按照，根据……所说”。???????
65. that。考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，因从句意义及结构均完整，故填that。???
66. are known。考查一般现在时的被动语态。which（指代4,000 chemicals），与know是被动关系，且此处叙述的是一般情况，故填are known。
67. including。考查介词。including意为“包括”。
68. smoking。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。permit doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。
69. realization。考查名词。设空处作宾语，且前面有不定冠词限定，故填名词realization。
70. to take。考查不定式作宾补的用法。cause sb. to do sth.意为“引起某人做某事”。
?[选做题参考答案及解析]
参考答案
1-5 DCBAC?? ??????????? 6-10 CADBC
解析
A篇（历史）
???????本文是记叙文。为了给一个偏远小镇的患病儿童们送药，橇主们赶着雪橇狗在冰天雪地里开始了接力长跑。
1. D。推理判断题。由第一段中的a deadly disease called diphtheria和Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick可知，白喉病在诺姆镇开始蔓延，形势非常危急，故选D项。
2. C。推理判断题。由第二段中的There was only one way to get the medicine to Nome?—?along an icy dogsled trail和dogsled drivers?—?known as?“mushers”?—?would carry it to Nome可知，橇主（赶狗拉雪橇者）参与这次狗拉雪橇长跑是为了给患病的孩子们送药，故选C项。
3. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的the town of Nenana. From there, dogsled drivers ... would carry it to Nome可知，这次狗拉雪橇长跑的起点是尼纳纳，故选B项。
4. A。细节理解题。由第四段中的The race began on January?27 in?the night和最后一段中的Early on the morning of February 2, Kaasen and his dogs arrived in Nome可知，这次狗拉雪橇长跑用了不到一周的时间，故选A项。
5. C。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的Balto, Kaasen's lead dog, ... found the trail可知，Kaasen的领头犬Balto帮他找到了前进的路，故选C项。
B篇（社会）
???????本文是说明文。赏金猎人的工作非常危险，他们出生入死，负责追捕逃犯。
6. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的They will check up on the fugitive's friends ... to see if anyone can tell them something about the fugitive可知，赏金猎人开始工作之后，立刻寻找逃犯的相关信息，故选C项。
7. A。推理判断题。由第三段中的In some cases, the fugitive ... will do anything to avoid that可知，有时逃犯会想尽一切办法逃脱抓捕，因此赏金猎人的工作很危险，故选A项。
8. D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的Duncan found out that Hardin and several of his friends had bought tickets for a train ... Hardin was caught可知，Duncan得知Hardin将要乘火车的消息之后，在火车站采取抓捕行动，成功将其抓获，故选D项。
9. B。细节理解题。由最后一段中的leaving from Pensacola station in Florida可知，Hardin在佛罗里达州被捕，故选B项。
10. C。写作目的题。本文主要介绍了赏金猎人的工作，他们为了追捕逃犯出生入死，所以这是一份不同寻常的工作，故选C项。
