2020版英语高分突破大二轮课标Ⅰ地区专用(课件+PDF教师用书):专题十 名词、代词、冠词

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名称 2020版英语高分突破大二轮课标Ⅰ地区专用(课件+PDF教师用书):专题十 名词、代词、冠词
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专题十  名词、代词、冠词 1 
第五部分
英语基础知识
专题十  名词、代词、冠词
对应学生用书起始页码 P221
考点一 名词
    一、名词的分类


专有名词:人名、地名及机构、团体的名称:Tom,China
普通
名词
个体名词:一类人或物的个体的名称,如:dog,
chair,boat,nurse,piano
集体名词:一些人或物的总称,如:class,family,
team
物质名词:原材料或一般无一定形状或大小的
实物的名称,如:wood,paper,water,sand
抽象名词:动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称,如:
happiness, honesty, courage, music
ì
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二、名词的“数”
(一)可数名词
1.定义:可用数目计算的名词是可数名词。 个体名词、集体名
词大多为可数名词。
2.可数名词单数变复数的规则
(1)规则变化
规则 例词
①一般情况下,在词尾直接
加?s
book—books
cap—caps  tree—trees
②以?s,?x,?ch,?sh 结尾的
名词,在词尾加?es
glass—glasses      box—boxes
watch—watches brush—brushes
③以辅音字母加?y 结尾的
名词,把?y 改为?i,再加?es
story—stories
country—countries
④以?o 结尾的名词变为复
数时,常在词尾加?s,但中学
英语中下列名词要加?es,它
们是:黑人英雄
????
爱吃土豆
??

西红柿
???
radio—radios    photo—photos
Negro—Negroes  hero—heroes
potato—potatoes    tomato—tomatoes
⑤以?f 或?fe 结尾的名词变
为复数时,一般直接加?s,但
下列以?f 或?fe 结尾的名词
需把?f 或?fe 去掉,加?ves,
它们是:为了自己
??
的牛犊
??


?
,小偷
??
和他的妻子
??
手里拿
着刀子
??
和一片树叶
????
站在架
?

?
上,把狼
?
劈成两半
?
self—selves  calf—calves
life—lives  thief—thieves
wife—wives  knife—knives
loaf—loaves  leaf—leaves
shelf—shelves  wolf—wolves
half—halves
⑥合成名词变复数时,通
常只将里面所含的主体名
词变为复数。 如果没有主
体名词,则将最后一部分
变为复数
son?in?law—sons?in?law
storyteller—storytellers
续表
规则 例词
⑦ “man / woman + n.” 变
复数时,作定语的 man /
woman 和中心词都要变
为复数
man teacher—men teachers
woman engineer—women engineers
    (2)不规则变化
规则 例词
①单复数不同
形的名词
foot—feet 脚        man—men 男人
woman—women 女人  mouse—mice 老鼠
tooth—teeth 牙 goose—geese 鹅
gentleman—gentlemen 绅士
child—children 孩子  ox—oxen 公牛
②单复数同形
的名词
sheep 绵羊          deer 鹿
Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人
Swiss 瑞士人 means 方法
crossroads 十字路口 headquarters 总部
series 连续 species 种类
works 工厂  head (禽兽群中的)头,只
③外来名词的
复数形式
criterion—criteria 标准
curriculum—curricula / curriculums 全部课程
phenomenon—phenomena 现象
analysis—analyses 分析
basis—bases 基础
crisis—crises 危机
thesis—theses 论文
diagnosis—diagnoses 诊断
bacterium—bacteria 细菌
medium—media 媒体
datum—data 数据
    用所给词的适当形式填空
①Two  months (month) ago,three  Negroes (Negro),
who were all  heroes  ( hero), caught four   thieves  ( thief)
because they had stolen some  potatoes  ( potato) and some
bamboos from 2   zoos  (zoo),where 500   sheep (sheep),200
 deer ( deer), 100  oxen  ( ox) and 1, 000  geese  ( goose)
were raised.
(二)不可数名词
1.定义:不可用数目计算的名词。 物质名词、抽象名词大
多为不可数名词。
2.英语中常见的不可数名词有:
furniture 家具            equipment 设备
clothing 衣服(总称) news 新闻
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2  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
information 信息 toothpaste 牙膏
bread 面包 knowledge 知识
poetry 诗歌(总称) machinery 机器(统称)
advice 建议 weather 天气
progress 进步 baggage 行李
work 工作 luck 运气
music 音乐 wealth 财富
(三)有些名词既可作不可数名词又可作可数名词,但意
义有所变化
词汇 不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸张 文件,论文,试卷
chicken 鸡肉 鸡
hair 头发,毛发 强调几根头发
iron 铁 熨斗
fish 鱼肉 鱼
    三、名词所有格
1.名词所有格的形式
形式 基本用法 举例
名词末
尾加 ????s
多用来表示有生命
的人或动物的所有
关系
child????s play 很容易做的事
Uncle Tom????s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的
小屋》
介词 of
加名词
多用来表示无生命
的东西的所有关系
the top of a house 房顶
the title of the passage 该文章的
题目
of+?????s
表示部分概念或表
示赞赏或厌恶等感

a friend of Stephen????s 斯蒂芬的一
个朋友
That dog of Mike????s is always
making trouble.迈克的那只狗总
是惹祸。 (比用 Mike????s dog 更具
有厌恶情绪)
    2.名词加 ?????s变为名词所有格的规则
构成 举例
单数名词和不以?s 结尾
的复数名词通常在词尾
加“ ????s”
the boy????s schoolbag 那个男孩的书包
the children????s rooms 那些孩子们的
房间
以?s 结尾的复数名词,只
在词尾加“ ????”
the workers???? struggle 工人们的斗争
复合名词中,在最后一个
词的词尾加“ ????s”
her brother?in?law????s character 她姐夫
的性格
不定 代 词 后 加 else, 在
else 后加“ ????s”
somebody else????s possessions 别 人 的
财产
    3.名词所有格的一般含义
关系 举例
表示所属
Tom????s car 汤姆的小汽车
the door of the room 房间的门
表示主谓
his mother????s request 他母亲的要求
a car for the use of the guests 客人用的车
表示动宾
love of one????s country 对祖国的热爱
The play ends with Hamlet????s murder.本剧以哈姆
雷特被杀结束。
表同位 the city of Beijing 北京市
    用所给词的适当形式填空
②The  girls????  ( girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I
asked them to take them off before they got into  Tom????s 
(Tom) car.
四、名词的句法功能
(一)
句法功能 例句
主语
Mr. Smith was born in Canada.史密斯先生生
于加拿大。
宾语
Johnson is reading a novel in his study.约翰逊
正在书房读小说。
表语 She is a lovely girl.她是一个可爱的女孩儿。
补语
Everyone elected him monitor.每个人都选他当
班长。
定语
We will have a meeting on Friday evening.周五
晚上我们将开一个会。
    (二)名词作定语
1.作定语的名词说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、
内容、类别等时,用名词而非名词所有格作定语。
作定语的名词
说明被修饰词的
例词
材料
a diamond necklace 钻石项链
a bamboo pole 竹竿
paper money 纸币
功能
a meeting room 会议室
the telephone poles 电话线杆
the railway station 火车站
water pipes 水管
时间
Friday night 周五晚上
the dinner party 晚宴
an evening suit 晚礼服
afternoon tea 下午茶点
地点
Beijing University 北京大学
body temperature 体温
a table lamp 台灯
内容
piano lessons 钢琴课
the sports meet 运动会
oxygen supply 氧气供应
the grammar rules 语法规则
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专题十  名词、代词、冠词 3 
续表
作定语的名词
说明被修饰词的
例词
类别
children education 儿童教育
enemy soldiers 敌军士兵
a bus driver 公交司机
    2.名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别
区别 例词 /句
①名词作定语通常说明
被修饰的词的性质,而名
词所有格作定语则强调
与被修饰的词的所属关
系或表示逻辑上的主动
关系
the Party members 党员 (名词 Party
表示 members 的性质)
the Party????s calls 党的号召(Party 具有
动作发出者的作用,calls 虽然是名
词,却具有表示动作的含义)
②名词作定语强调 “类
指”,而名词所有格则表
示“特指”
Please don????t put the dog????s food under
the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子下
面。 (特指给某一条狗的食物)
Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的
食品和人的食品一样贵。 (指类别,
即供狗食用的食品)
    单句改错
③He went to the cinema yesterday????s evening.
  yesterday????s→yesterday 
④She likes shopping at shoe????s shop.
  shoe????s→shoe 
五、名词常考构词法
后缀 意义 例词
?ment 表示“行为、结果”
develop—development 发展
achieve—achievement 功绩
equip—equipment 设备
manage—management 管理
agree—agreement 协 议, 同 意,
一致
?ness
表示 “状态、性质或
特点”
aware—awareness 意识
calm—calmness 平静
lazy—laziness 懒惰
?ist
表示 “干……的人;
……专家;从事……
的人;信仰……的人”
art—artist 艺术家
science—scientist 科学家
piano—pianist 钢琴家
?ion
?ation
?ition
?tion
表示“行为、状态”
attract—attraction 吸引力,吸引
pollute—pollution 污染
introduce—introduction 介绍
educate—education 教育
invite—invitation 邀请
?er
?or
?ant
表示“……的人”
begin—beginner 初学者
employ—employer 雇主
direct—director 主任,主管
assist—assistant 助手
serve—servant 仆人,用人
?ian
?an
表示 “有 …… 特征
的; 专 长 于 …… 的
人”
history—historian 历史学家
music—musician 音乐学家
续表
后缀 意义 例词
?ity
?y
表示“性质、状态”
able—ability 能力
honest—honesty 诚实
?ance
?ence
?ancy
?ency
表示 “性质、状态或
行为”
accept—acceptance 接受
exist—existence 出现
expect—expectancy 期望
tend—tendency 趋势
?age
表示“行为、状态、结
果或一组”
marry—marriage 结婚
pack—package 包裹
short—shortage 缺少
?ship
?dom
表示“状况、状态,职
位、地位”
friend—friendship 友谊
wise—wisdom 智慧
member—membership 会员资格
?ure 表示“行为或结果”
expose—exposure 暴露,揭露
fail—failure 失败
    用所给词的适当形式填空
⑤ The   expression  ( express ) in her eyes told me
something was wrong.
⑥ Due to the   application  ( apply ) of this medical
technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
⑦ She was unable to attend because of the  pressure 
(press)of work.
⑧ Curiosity  ( curious) is part of children????s nature. They
always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
⑨—How can I take the medicine, sir?
—Just follow the  directions (direct) on the bottle.
考点二 代词
    一、人称代词
1.人称代词的形式
    数、格
人称     
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称
he him
she her
it it
they them
    2.人称代词的用法
用法 例句
人称代词的主格和宾格
在句中作不同的成分,主
格多作主语,有时作表
语;宾格作及物动词或介
词的宾语,也可作表语或
同位语。 在口语中,常用
人称代词的宾格作表语
He would drown his sadness in coffee.
(主格作主语)
Thank you for your letter.(宾格作及
物动词的宾语)
I bought a present for him.(宾格作介
词的宾语)
Hi, it????s me.(宾格作表语)
在没有谓语动词的句子
中,人称代词常用宾格
—Glad to meet you.
—Me,too.
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4  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
    用人称代词填空
①People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop   them 
( they) off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no
need to find a fixed place.
②The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea
since ancient times, and they use   it  to treat everything from
headaches to depression.
二、物主代词
    词义
类别   
我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容
词性
my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
    形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词之前,作定
语。 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在
句中作主语、表语、宾语。
Is this your seat,sir? 这是你的座位吗,先生? (形容词
性物主代词 your 作名词 seat 的定语)
This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.
这不是我的字典,我的借给露西了。 (名词性物主代词
mine 相当于 my dictionary, 作主语)
用物主代词填空
③When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate
  its ( it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing
folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist activities.
④Before getting on the plane, train, or bus, learn from
these mistakes to avoid the crowds and make the most of   your 
(you) holiday.
三、反身代词
1.反身代词的形式
    人称
数   
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself,herself,itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
    2.反身代词的基本用法




作宾语
动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese.
    汤姆自学了汉语。
介宾:You can????t leave the baby by himself.
    你不能留下孩子一个人。
ì
?
í
??
??
作表语:She is not quite herself today.
      她今天不在状态。
作同位语:I myself can repair the bike.
        我自己能修那辆自行车。
ì
?
í
?
?
?
?
?
?
注意:oneself 也是反身代词。
用反身代词填空
⑤I don????t believe you. Did you see it   yourself ?
⑥It is not his fault. I cut  myself  with a knife.
⑦We should be independent of our parents. We should
depend on  ourselves  .
四、疑问代词
为了方便学习,我们把疑问代词和疑问副词一并介绍。
1.基本用法
分类 形式 词义
功能
主语 表语 定语 宾语 状语
疑问
代词
who 谁 √ √ √
whom 谁 √
whose 谁的 √ √ √ √
what 什么 √ √ √ √
which 哪个(些) √ √ √
疑问
副词
when 什么时候 √ √
where 什么地方 √ √
why 为什么 √
how 如何 √ √
    2.注意以下两组疑问代词的用法
(1)—What is he? 他是干什么的? (问职业)
—He is a teacher.他是老师。
—Who is he? 他是谁? (问姓名或与人的关系)
—He is Tom.他是汤姆。
(2)What subject do you like best? 你最喜欢什么科目?
(无范围)
Which subject do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个科目?
(有范围)
3.注意下面疑问词的用法
(1)What is the population of China?
How many people are there in China?
中国有多少人口?
(2)What is the distance?
How far is it?
距离有多远?
(3)What do you think of the film?
How do you like / find / feel the film?
你觉得这部电影怎么样?
(4)What is his address?
Where does he live?
他住在哪里?
(5)What is the depth of the well?
How deep is the well?
那口井有多深?
五、不定代词
1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的区别
    词义
指代   
都 任何一个 都不
两个人或物 both either neither
三个或三个以上的人
或物;不可数名词
all any none
    I????ve bought two books;you can have either.
我买了两本书,你要哪本都行。
I am sorry I can????t lend you any(money) .
对不起,我不能借给你钱。
None of this money is mine.
这笔钱都不是我的。
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专题十  名词、代词、冠词 5 
用适当的代词填空
⑧He had lost his temper and his health in the war and
never found   either of them again.
⑨The research group produced two reports based on the
survey,but   neither contained any useful suggestions.
2.one,another, the other,some,others, the others 的
区别
一个 /一些 另外一个 /一些 剩余的一个 /一些
单数 one another the other
复数 some others the others
一本 /一些书 另外一本 /一些书 剩余的一本 /一些书
单数 one book another book the other book
复数 some books other books the other books
    注意:
(1) the other 后通常加可数名词(单数或复数),但不能
加不可数名词;短语 the rest of(剩余的)后既可以加可数名词
(单数或复数),也可以加不可数名词;else 一般放在不定代
词或特殊疑问词后。
—What else did you do last weekend?
—Oh,nothing else.
———上周末你还做什么了?
———哦,没做什么别的事。
(2)体会下列句子中黑体词的用法
① I have two books: one is English, and
the other(one)
one{ } is French.
我有两本书:一本是英语书,一本是法语书。
②He will stay here for
another three
three other
three more
{ } days.
他在这里还要待上 3 天。
③There are many books on the table:some are English;
the others
the rest{ } are French.
桌子上有很多书。 一些是英语书,剩下的是法语书。
④He????ll be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life.
他的余生将在轮椅上度过。
⑤Would you please make it
some other day
another day{ } ?
你能改天吗?
⑥I saw him in London the other day / week / month( = a
few days / weeks / months ago) .我几天 /周 /个月前在伦敦见
过他。
⑦He has no other close friends like John.
他没有别的像约翰那样亲密的朋友了。
⑧If this dictionary is not yours,who else????s can it be?
如果这本字典不是你的,会是谁的呢?
用 another 或 the other 填空
⑩We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so let????s
have   another one this month.
    ????????????He raised one arm and then   the other  .
3.nobody / no one,nothing,none的区别
指代 用来回答 相当于 是否加 of 短语
nobody /
no one
人 who
not anyone
not anybody

nothing 物 what not anything 否
none 人或物
how many
how much
not a / an / any+名词
或 no+名词

    如:—How much money do you have?
—None.
———你有多少钱?
———一点儿也没有。
If I had some money, I would lend him some, but
unfortunately,I have none.(none=not any money)
如果我有钱的话,我就借给他了,但遗憾的是,我没钱。
I wished someone could help me,but there was no one at
the moment.(no one=not anyone)
我希望有人能帮我,但当时没有人。
As we were asleep,none of us heard the sound.
由于我们都睡着了,所以我们当中没人听到那个声音。
用 none,nobody / no one,nothing 填空
???????????? Nobody / No one can be good at something for 40 years
if he doesn????t love it.
????????????Swimming is my favorite sport. There is  nothing  like
swimming as a means of keeping fit.
????????????—Wow! You????ve got so many clothes.
—But  none of them are in fashion now.
????????????I couldn????t just stand by and do  nothing  .
4.many,much,few,little,a few,a little的区别
多 少
复数名词概念 many few
不可数名词概念 much little
肯定 否定
复数名词概念 a few few
不可数名词概念 a little little
    注意:only a few = few;only a little = little;quite a few =
many;quite a little=much。
根据汉语提示完成下列句子
???????????? Many (很多)people don????t have  much (很多) food.
???????????? Many  (很多) of the mistakes were just caused by
carelessness.
????????????  Few (很少)people can live to be 100 years old.
????????????You have done very   little (很少) for me.
????????????Come in and have   a little (一点)whisky.
????????????She has written many books but I????ve only read   a few 
(少数) .
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6  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
    5.one,ones,the one,the ones,those(指示代词),that
(指示代词)的区别
代词 替代内容 例句
one
a / an + 单
数名词
We have various summer camps for your
holiday.You can choose one( = a summer
camp)based on your own interest.我们为
您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营,您可
以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。
ones
零冠 词 +
复数名词
Mr???? Zhang gave me many valuable
presents,ones( = presents) that I had never
seen.张先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,都是
一些我从来没见过的礼物。
the one
the +单数
名词
The book on the desk is better than the
one / that( = the book) under the desk.书桌
上的那本书比书桌下的那本书好。
the ones
the +复数
名词
those
the+复数名
词(尤其是
有后置定
语时)
The books on the desk are better than the
ones / those( = the books)under the desk.书
桌上的那些书比书桌下的那些书好。
that
the +单数
名词或不
可数名词
( 尤 其 是
有后置定
语时)
Little joy can equal that ( = the joy) of a
surprising ending when you read stories.几
乎没有什么乐趣能比得上你在阅读故事
时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。
    用适当的代词填空
????????????I????m moving to the countryside, because the air there is
much fresher than   that in the city.
????????????Helping others is a habit, one you can learn even at an
early age.
6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语
He is nothing but a clerk.他只是
??
一名职员。
He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是
????
一名职员。
He might be a scientist or something.
他大概是科学家之类
??
的人物。
Your house is something like ours.
你们的房子有点像
???
我们的。
They get something like 97% renewals every year.
他们每年大约
??
有 97%的用户续订。
用 anything,nothing 填空
????????????She????s always trying to get something for  nothing  .
????????????They work very hard.They are   anything but lazybones.
????????????The visit is boring.It is  nothing but a waste of time.
7.全部肯定、部分否定和全部否定
全部肯定 部分否定 全部否定
both
all(+名词)
everybody / every?
one;everything;
every+名词
当 not 出现在含
有表示全部肯
定的不定代词
的句子中时
neither
none;not any(+名词);no+名词
no one / nobody;nothing
    Not all of them smoke. =All of them don????t smoke.
他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
All of the boys are clever,but none of them can work out
this problem.这些男孩都很聪明,但他们当中没有一个能解出
这道题。
此外,not 与总括性副词如 everywhere, always, wholly,
altogether 等连用时也表示部分否定。
Such a thing can????t be found everywhere.
这种事并非到处可见。
六、it 的用法
1.it的基本用法
用法 例句
指代上文提到的
某样东西
Where is my dictionary? I left it right on the
desk.我的字典在哪里? 我就把它放在书桌
上了。
用以代替指示代
词 this,that
—What????s this? ———这是什么?
—It????s a flag.———是一面旗。
指不知性别的婴
儿( baby) 或身份
不明确的人(由于
某种原因而不知
道对方是谁)
The baby cried because it was hungry.这个婴
儿因饥饿而啼哭。
—Who is knocking at the door?
—It must be the milkman.
———谁在敲门?
———一定是送奶工。
指时间、距离、价
值、天气、气候或
温度
It is nine o????clock sharp now.现在是 9 点整。
It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。
It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长
一段路。
it 常用来代替不
定式、动名词短语
或名词性从句作
形式主语或形式
宾语而将真正的
主语或宾语后置
It????s not easy to learn a foreign language.学习
一门外语不容易。 (代替不定式短语作形式
主语)
I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to
smoke here.我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都
不准在这儿吸烟。 (代替名词性从句作形式
宾语)
    用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子
????????????我认为我们开这个会是必要的。
I think   it( is)necessary that we have the meeting.
????????????众所周知,在世界上中国人口最多。
  It is well known that China has the largest population in
the world.
????????????据说他们都去看电影了。
  It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.
2.it用于强调句型
分类 用法 例句
陈述句
It is / was / 情态动词+be
+被 强 调 部 分 + that /
who+其他成分。 被强
调部分为“人”时可用
who / that,被强调部分
不是“人”时用 that
It is I who / that am right.(强调
主语)我是对的。
It was him that / who we met at
the school gate.(强调宾语)
我们在学校门口遇到的是他。
It was in the park that Tom
lost his watch. (强调状语)汤
姆是在公园丢失的那块手表。
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专题十  名词、代词、冠词 7 
续表
分类 用法 例句
一般疑
问句
Is / Was it+被强调部分
+that / who+其他成分?
Was it in 1939 that the Second
World War broke out? 第二次
世界大战是在 1939 年爆发
的吗?
特殊疑
问句
特殊疑问词 + is / was it
that+其他成分?
Who was it that broke the
window? 打破窗户的是谁?
not...
until...
It is / was not until... +
that+其他成分
It was not until ten o????clock
that he went to bed.直到 10 点
他才上床睡觉。
    根据句子意思填空
???????????? Was   it  because Jack came late for school   that 
Mr???? Smith got angry?
????????????It  was only after he had read the papers  that Mr???? Gross
realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
????????????It was not until I came here   that  I realized this place
was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
????????????It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in
the village   that the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
考点三 冠词
    一、冠词的泛指、特指
泛指
??
是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。 特指
??
是指在
上文已提到的人或事物,也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的
特定的人或事物。 冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下:
泛指
a / an+单数名词。 如: A( =One)horse is enough.
(表数量)
a / an+单数名词。 如:A horse is a large four?legged
animal.(强调类别中任何一个的特点)
the+单数名词。 如:I think the most useful animal is
the horse.(强调整个类别)
零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词。 如:
Horses are useful animals.(强调类别中的许多个体)
ì
?
í
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
特指:the+单数名词 /复数名词 /不可数名词。
ì
?
í
?
??
?
??
    冠词填空
①Laszlo Biro invented   the ballpoint pen.
②The biggest whale is   the blue whale,which grows to be
about 29 meters long—the height of   a 9?story building.
二、不定冠词
1.不定冠词的基本用法
用法 例词 /句
不定冠词有 a, an 两种形
式,当紧跟着冠词的第一个
音素为辅音音素
????
(注意:不
是辅音字母
????
)时用 a;当紧跟
着冠词的第一个音素为元
?
音音素
???
(注意:不是元音字
???

?
)时用 an
a university,a useful animal,a one?
eyed dog,a European car,an hour,
an honest boy, an X?ray, an ugly
man,an honor
续表
用法 例词 /句
表示 one,the same 或 every
的意思
They are of an age.( = the same)他
们年龄相同。
I will return in a day or two. ( =
one)我将在一两天后回来。
    冠词填空
③ I earn 10 dollars   an  hour as   a  supermarket cashier
on Saturdays.
④ The teacher asked us to write   an  800?word?long
composition.
⑤Christmas is   a  special holiday when the whole family
are supposed to get together.
⑥They are twins,so they are of   an age.
2.含有不定冠词的常考短语
have a cold 得了感冒 have a good time 玩得高兴
have a gift for 有……的天赋
have a word with 与……谈话
have / take a rest 休息一下
have a holiday 度假 make a living 谋生
get a lift / ride 搭便车 go on a diet 节食
as a result 因此 as a matter of fact 事实上
as a rule 通常,照例 after a while 一会儿后
in a hurry 匆忙地 in a sense 在某种意义上
in a word 总之 in a moment 立刻
once in a while 偶尔 at a loss 困惑,不知所措
at a distance 离一段距离 for a while 暂时,一时
once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然
a waste of...……的浪费 a matter of...……的问题
have a population of 有……人口
have a history of 有……的历史
a collection of 一批……
have a knowledge of( =know)知道
have an understanding of( =understand)懂得
注意:通常成对出现的名词(被视为一套),一般只用一
个不定冠词。 如:a knife and fork 一副刀叉。
冠词填空
⑦I don????t want to have words with you.I prefer to have   a 
word with you.
⑧The power supply was cut off.All of   a sudden,the lights
went out.
⑨China has   a far larger population than Canada.
⑩The quality of the ambulance service is   a matter of life
and death.
三、定冠词
用法 例词 /句
用在表示特指的人或物的名
词前
The book on the desk is mine.书
桌上的那本书是我的。
用在姓氏复数前,表一家人或
夫妇二人
The Chens are going to move to
Langfang.姓陈的一家要搬到廊
坊去。
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8  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
续表
用法 例词 /句
用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的
数词(表某个年代)前或用在
表示方位的名词前
the Tang dynasty 唐 朝; the
Spring and Autumn Period 春秋
时期; in the 1990????s / 1990s 在 20
世纪 90 年代;the south 南方 / 部
用在表度量单位的名词前,表
示 “每一”。 如 by the hour /
day / week / month / year / dozen /
yard / ton / kilo, 但 是 size /
weight 这类名词跟 by 连用时
不加定冠词
We got paid by the month.我们
按月计酬。
Meat is sold by weight.肉按重量
出售。
“ the+形容词或分词”有时也
可表类指
the wounded 伤员
the dying 垂死之人
the unknown 未知的事物
the deaf 聋人
“动词+sb.+介词+ the+身体某
一部位”结构中的 the 不可用
物主代词代替。 此外,在 be
red in the face(脸红),be lame
in the right leg (右腿瘸), be
blind in the left eye (左眼失
明) 等结构中, 名词前也要
用 the
An apple fell from the tree and hit
him on the head.一个苹果从树
上落下,砸在了他的头上。
He was blind in the left eye and
lame in the right leg.他左眼失
明,右腿瘸。
用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海
湾海峡等地理名词前
The Yellow River is the cradle of
Chinese culture.黄河是中国文化
的摇篮。
The West Lake is famous for its
beautiful scenery.西湖以其美景
著称。
用于含普通名词的国家、组织
机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议
条约等名称前
I shall never forget seeing the
Great Wall for the first time.我永
远不会忘记第一次参观长城的
情景。
用在 same, very, only 前构成
“ the same / only / very + 名词”
结构
He is the very person( = just the
person) I am looking for.他正是
我在找的人。
He is the only poet in this
country that deserves the name.他
是这个国家唯一的一位名副其
实的诗人。
续表
用法 例词 /句
用在某些固定短语中
in the countryside 在乡下
in the end 最后,终于
in the daytime 在白天
in the habit of 习惯于
make the most / best of 充分利用
in the distance 在远处
in the way 挡路
on the whole 总的来说
on the right / left 在右 / 左面
at the moment 此刻
for the time being 暂时
in the mean time 同时
at the end of...在……的尽头
in the playground 在操场上
go to the doctor????s 去看医生
by the way 顺便说,附带地说说
the other day 几天前
on the radio / phone 通过无线电 /
电话
on the spot 在场,到场,立即,马
上,当场
to tell(you) the truth 说实话,老
实说
go to the cinema 去看电影
not in the least( =not at all)一点
也不
on the one hand...,on the other
hand... 一 方 面 ……, 另 一 方
面……
for the most part 通常,多半
    冠词填空
????????????The little boy took the blind man by   the  arm and
walked him across the street.
????????????Then,   the  Smiths were listening to the boy who was
playing   the piano.
????????????In fact,  the Chinese language is the most difficult one in
the world.
????????????I think Tom is   the cleverer of the two boys who is   the 
first to solve the problem.
????????????Marco Polo is said to have sailed on   the Pacific Ocean
on his way to Java in   the thirteenth century.
四、零冠词
用法 例句
不可数名词、复数名词表泛
指,用零冠词
He likes to read novels.他喜欢读
小说。
My father went to his doctor for
advice about his heart trouble.我
父亲去了医生那里寻求关于他
的心脏病的建议。
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专题十  名词、代词、冠词 9 
续表
用法 例句
名词 前 已 有 this, that, my,
your,some,each,no,any 等限
定时不再用冠词
She is not my type of woman.她
不是我心目中的那类女人。
He went to some place in France.
他到法国某地去了。
Each student must hand in his
exercise book. 每个学生必须上
交作业本。
零冠词的用法口诀:
月、季、星期、节假、洲,
称呼、头衔、职务前;
三餐、球类、惯用语;
学科、棋类名词前。
但以上用法是相对而言的,在
不同的句子中,可能会用到不
定冠词或定冠词。 因此,用哪
种冠词要视情况而定
A year can be divided into four
seasons—spring, summer,
autumn and winter.一年可以分
为四个季节———春、夏、秋、冬。
Mr???? Li is chairman of the
meeting.李先生是本次会议的
主席。
(注:表示称呼、头衔的名词作表
语、同位语、补语时用零冠词)
The organization was founded in
the spring of( the year) 2010.这
个组 织 是 在 2010 年 春 天 成
立的。
英语中常见的不可数名词有:
baggage, luggage, furniture,
health,weather, fun, space (太
空 ), advice, progress,
information,news, luck,wealth
(财产)等。 以上不可数名词
不能与不定冠词连用
Beyond the stars, the astronaut
saw nothing but space. 除 了 星
星,那个宇航员只看见太空,看
不到别的东西。
系动词 turn(变成)后的单数
名词作表语,用零冠词
Has he turned scientist? 他成为
科学家了吗?
“零 冠 词 + 单 数 名 词 + as /
though+主语+谓语+主句”,意
为 “ 虽 然 / 尽 管 ……, 但 是
……”
Hero as he is, he has some
shortcomings.他虽然是英雄,但
是也有一些缺点。
用在一些固定短语中
There are all kinds of books in
our library.在我们的图书馆里有
各种书籍。
Press the red button in case of
fire.如果有火情请按红色按钮。
We have no vacancies now, but
we????ll certainly bear / keep your
application in mind. 我们目前没
有空缺, 但是我们一定记住你
申请的事。
At first I thought he was shy, but
then I discovered he was just not
interested in other people. 起初我
还以为他很腼腆, 后来我才发
觉他是不爱理人。
    五、冠词的活用
用法 例词 /句
抽象名词具体化:抽象名词表
示泛指,与零冠词连用,但被
具体化后可以和不 定 冠 词
连用
surprise 惊奇  a surprise 一件意
外的事情
success 成 功   a success 一 个
(件)成功的人(事)
个体名词的抽象化:个体名词
被抽象化后,与零冠词连用
go to a school 去 一 所 学 校
(school 为个体名词)
go to school 去上学( school 为抽
象名词)
专有名词普通化:专有名词不
与冠词连用,但被普通化后表
示泛指要与不定冠词连用
Learn from Comrade Lei Feng.
向雷锋同志学习。 (Lei Feng 为
专有名词,与零冠词连用)
He is a Lei Feng.他是一个活
雷锋。
表示世界上独一无二的事物
的名词,如:sun, moon, earth,
universe, world 等,常与定冠
词连用,但该名词前有形容词
修饰时,可以与不定冠词连用
The moon travels around the
earth.月亮围着地球转。
A bright moon is hanging in the
sky. 一轮明月悬挂在空中。
We have friends all over the
world.我们的朋友遍天下。
We are building a new world.我
们正在建立一个新世界。
“ the+形容词比较级”表示“较
……的”
“a / an+形容词比较级” 表示
“更……的”
Tom is the taller of the two boys.
(两个男孩子中较高的)
This pair of shoes is too small.
Would you show me a bigger
pair? (更大的)
“ the+形容词最高级”表示比
较,意为:最……的;“ a / an+形
容词最高级”无比较含义
It is the most useful dictionary.
它是最有用的词典。
It is a most useful dictionary.
(most=very)它是一本非常有用
的词典。
“ the+序数词”表示次序;“ a /
an+序数词”不表示与其他人
或物排序,表示“又一,再一”
It is the second time that he has
visited the city.这是他第二次参
观这座城市。 (表示次序)
Can you give me a second
chance? ( a second = another)你
能再给我一次机会吗?
乐器名词前的冠词活用
He is playing the piano.(西洋乐
器前常加定冠词)
He is playing a borrowed piano.
(西洋乐器被当作普通名词使用
时,可与不定冠词连用)
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(共47张PPT)
三年模拟
A组 2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
考点一 名词
1.(2019河北保定摸底考试,70) Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being
in  ???? (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.
答案 competition 句意:将西医与中医结合,而不是相互竞争,才会有好的效果。根据设空处
前的介词in可知设空处需填名词,与介词in构成介词短语,根据提示词compete可知设空处填名
词competition。
2.(2019海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his   ????(die), he was the best-selling Chinese au-
thor, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world.
答案 death 句意:到他去世时,在中国作家中,他的作品最为畅销,在全世界共出售了一亿多
册。设空处作of的宾语,再根据设空处前的his可知设空处填名词,故答案为death。
3.(2019河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern   ????(platform) have taken the place of traditional
focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design
and robots.
答案 platforms 句意:到目前为止,现代化的平台已经取代了传统中心,……。设空处作主
语,根据谓语动词have taken可知设空处应为名词复数形式,故填platforms。
4.(2019吉林省吉林市一次调研,70) Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of
brain and body   ????(benefit).
答案 benefits 句意:实际上,不同的睡眠阶段会给你的大脑和身体带来不同形式的好处。考
查名词。设空处作give的宾语,需用名词形式;根据 different types of 可推知此处需填名词复数
形式,故答案为benefits。
5.(2019河北衡水中学一调,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us
the chance to watch world-class matches and  ???? (compete)close to home.
答案 competitions 句意:对于杭州市民来说,最好的是它将给我们提供在家门口观看世界级
比赛的机会。设空处与名词matches一起作watch的宾语,故设空处填名词,表示“比赛”;com-
petition为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故填competitions。
6.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,65)How can students manage  ???? (anxious) and
stress during exam time and still get the grades they need?
答案 anxiety  句意:在考试期间学生如何应对焦虑和压力,并且还能得到他们需要的分数
呢?根据语境可推知设空处需填名词作及物动词manage的宾语,故填anxious的名词形式anxi-
ety。
7.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考,68)Nowadays, of course, the harmful  ???? (effect) of both
smoking and sugary drinks have been well known.
答案 effects 句意:当然,现在吸烟和含糖饮料的不良后果已经众所周知。句中谓语部分为
have been well known,故主语effect要用复数形式,故填effects。
8.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,67)He learns what to do by reading books and computer maga-
zines and checking out sites on the Internet about home-built PCs, and sites that answer  ????
(question) for people doing it for the first time.
答案 questions  句意:通过阅读书籍、电脑杂志,浏览关于组装个人电脑和为第一次组装个
人电脑的人答疑的网站,他学到了应该做什么。考查名词。根据常识可推知网站回答的不止
一个问题,故答案为questions。
9.(2018湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考,65)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500
years, but  ????(express)from them have entered various languages.
答案 expressions 句意:不仅这些寓言本身存在了近1,500年,而且里面的一些词语已经被收
录到各种语言中了。设空处表示“词语”之意,在句中作主语,需用名词形式;根据设空处后的
have entered可推知设空处需用名词复数形式,故填expressions。
10.(2018河北百校联盟一月联考,63)It is believed that upper-class Victorians in England invented
the table tennis in the 1880s,using whatever they could find as  ????(equip).
答案 equipment 句意:人们相信英国维多利亚时代的上层阶级的人们在19世纪80年代用他
们随便发现的任何东西作为设备发明了乒乓球。介词as后需用名词;equipment意为“设备”,
是不可数名词,故填equipment。
11.(2018福建厦门期末,61)The 17th-century philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon declared
that nothing had changed the world more deeply than three great  ????(invention):gunpowder,
printing and the compass.
答案 inventions 句意:17世纪的哲学家兼政治家弗朗西斯·培根宣称:任何东西都不如火
药、印刷术和指南针这三项伟大的发明对世界造成的变化大。根据设空处前的three可知设
空处填名词复数形式。
12.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考,66)Now, Sanzhenzhai has approximately 100  ????(outlet)
across the country.
答案 outlets 句意:现在三珍斋在全国有大约100家经销店。根据设空处前的数字100可推
知设空处需填名词复数形式。
13.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ,63)Deep worry began to destroy my   ???? (confident).
答案 confidence 句意:极度忧虑开始毁掉我的自信。设空处在本句中作宾语,且设空处前
有形容词性物主代词,故可判断设空处应填名词,confidence为不可数名词,故答案为confi-
dence。
14.(2017山东临沂一模,62)In China,I always spend the Spring Festival with Chinese  ????(fami-
ly),eating dumplings,laughing and joking.
答案 families 句意:在中国,我总是和中国家庭在一起过春节,吃饺子,谈笑风生。family意
为“家庭”时为可数名词,设空处前没有不定冠词,故需用名词复数形式表示泛指。
15.(2017河北唐山一次调研,67)Hearing of Al????s death, I thought, “What a complete  ????
(fail)!”
答案 failure 句意:听到Al去世的消息,我想:“真是一个彻头彻尾的失败者!”感叹句结构为
“What+a/an+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!”。故设空处填名词failure。
考点二 代词
1.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially   ???? in the coun-
tryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”.
答案 those 句意:然而,还有很多其他的人,尤其是那些在乡下的人,会择吉日举行婚礼以便
能够“双喜临门”。考查代词。设空处替代the people,以避免重复,故填代词those。
2.(2019山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of
shopping malls, so   ???? is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.
答案 it 句意:作为回报,书店提升了购物中心的文化氛围,所以这样的合作是双赢的。本句
真正的主语是to have such cooperation,设空处作形式主语,故答案为it。
3.(2019河北衡水中学一调,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare  ????
(it)for the big show.
答案 itself 句意:在接下来的几年里,杭州为了这次大的展示将尽全力做好准备。设空处与
主语Hangzhou为“同指”关系,故填反身代词itself。
4.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students
to work and think faster and more effectively,as well as improve  ????(they)performance.
答案 their 句意:他们说正常水平的压力能够帮助学生更快、更有效地学习、思考,同时也
能提升他们的表现。考查代词。根据句意可推知设空处指的是“他们的”,因此此处需填形
容词性物主代词their,修饰名词performance。
5.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考,67)And a 1955 US ad advised mothers to mix the sugary soft
drink 7UP with   ???? (they) baby????s milk.
答案 their  句意:1955年美国的一则广告建议妈妈们将含糖的软饮料七喜和婴儿奶粉混
合。设空处作baby的定语,再根据提示词they可知设空处填形容词性物主代词their。
6.(2019浙江金丽衢十二校二次联考,60)You have to drive your daughter to school  ???? (you).
答案 yourself  句意:你需要亲自开车将女儿送到学校。设空处与主语you为“同指”关系,
故填反身代词,根据提示词可知设空处填yourself。
7.(2019山东师大附中五次模拟,62)Written Chinese came out in  ???? (it) earliest form approx-
imately 6,000 years ago.
答案 its  句意:大约在6,000年前,汉字以其最早的形式出现了。设空处作earliest form的定
语,指“汉字的”,故填its。
8.(2018福建莆田九中二次月考,62) However, while   ????is fun to keep up with the latest news,
we may actually be putting ourselves in danger.
答案 it????句意:尽管了解最新的消息很有意思,但实际上我们可能会使自己置身于危险之
中。从句中真正的主语是to keep up with the latest news, 设空处应为形式主语,故填it。
9.(2018河北衡水中学五次调考,64)In general,third-culture kids benefit from  ????(they)intercul-
tural experiences and they often reach excellent academic results.
答案 their 句意:一般而言,“第三文化的孩子们”受益于他们对不同文化的体验,并且他们
的学习成绩往往会非常优秀。设空处作intercultural experiences的定语,故填形容词性物主代
词their。
10.(2018河南天一大联考Ⅲ,61)Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years
ago, and has put  ????to good use since then, saving dozens of old tree stumps(树桩)from being
removed by turning them into impressive works of art.
答案 it 句意:Gabi Rizea在3年前才发现了自己有做木雕的天赋,自从那时他便很好地利用
自己的天赋,通过将很多老树桩雕成令人印象深刻的艺术作品避免了人们将它们移除。设空
处作宾语且指代上文中的his talent,故填代词it。
11.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考,70)  ????(we)products are especially popular with the mid-
dle-aged and seniors.
答案 Our 句意:我们的产品尤其受到中老年人的欢迎。设空处作定语,表示“我们的”,故
填形容词性物主代词Our。
12.(2018河南中原名校五次联考,67)After teaching  ????(she)to surf with one arm, in 2004, she
entered a major competition and won the ESPY Award.
答案 herself 句意:她自学独臂冲浪之后,在2004年,她参加了一项大型比赛并获得了年度卓
越体育表现奖。设空处作宾语且与主语为同一人,故用反身代词作宾语。teach oneself也为固
定短语,意为“自学”。
13.(2017湖北襄阳一次调研,67)In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show ap-
plause not by clapping their hands but by waving  ???? in the air.
答案 them 句意:在北美聋人文化中,许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在空中挥动双手来喝
彩。设空处用them代替hands以避免重复。
14. (2017江西赣中南五校一模,66) Dating sites also make  ????easy to avoid someone who you
are not interested in.
答案 it 句意:约会网站还能轻易避开那些你不感兴趣的人。设空处用it作形式宾语,“to
avoid someone...”为真正的宾语。
15.(2017山东师大附中二模,66) At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book
came up to me and introduced   ????(her).
答案 herself 句意:那时,一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书,向我走来并介绍她自己。设
空处作宾语,该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人,故用反身代词herself。
考点三 冠词
1.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding
ceremony very often ends with   ???? unique banquet.
答案 a 句意:婚礼总是被主持得很温馨,并且婚礼往往以独特的宴会结束。考查冠词。设
空处修饰名词banquet,表泛指概念,故填不定冠词;unique的第一个音素为辅音音素,故填不定
冠词a。
2.(2019吉林省吉林市一次调研,64)But naps can actually be   ???? double-edged sword because
while we????re awake during the day, we????re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.
答案 a 句意:但实际上,小睡是一把双刃剑,因为当我们在白天醒着的时候,睡意或睡眠压力
是不断累积的。考查冠词。设空处后的double-edged sword在本句中表泛指,意为:一把双刃
剑,故填不定冠词a。
3.(2019湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television
(CCTV) and the Ministry of Education(MOE),“First Class for New Semester” has become ????
????mandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.
答案 a 句意:由中国中央电视台和教育部(联合)制作的节目《开学第一课》已经成了家长
和学生在秋季学期开学第一天强制性的观看活动。设空处后的mandatory viewing activity表
泛指,故设空处填不定冠词a。
4.(2019浙江金丽衢十二校二次联考,56)10% of life is made up of what happens to you and 90%
of life is decided by how you react.What does this mean? Let us use  ????example.
答案 an 句意:发生在你身上的事情占生活的10%,生活的90%则由你的反应而决定。这意
味着什么?让我们举例说明。设空处后的名词example作宾语,example在本句中表示泛指,需与
不定冠词连用;example以元音音素开头,故填an。
5.(2019山东师大附中五次模拟,69)Whether you are interested in basic communication, scholarly
research, or pursuing a career in China, standard Mandarin is  ????necessary tool for communica-
tion.
答案 a 句意:无论你是对在中国的基本交流、学术研究还是就业感兴趣,标准普通话都是
交流的必要工具。设空处后的名词tool在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词a。
6.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考,61)Jinan, the capital city of East China????s Shandong Province,
will host  ????international winter swimming competition at Daming Lake Scenic Area on Jan. 1
2 and 13.
答案 an 句意:在1月12日和13日,华东的山东省的省会——济南,将在大明湖景区举办国际
冬泳比赛。设空处后的“international winter swimming competition”在本句中表示泛指,故设
空处填不定冠词;international的第一个音素为元音音素,故填an。
7.(2019湖北孝感二次联考,61)Xu Jin was born in a medical family.Under   ????influence of his
family, he chose his medical specialty without hesitation.
答案 the 句意:徐进生在一个医学世家,在其家人的影响下,他毫不犹豫地选择了医学专
业。设空处后的influence在本句中表示特指,故设空处填the。
8.(2018河南郑州一中六次测试,42)Four boys were taking  ????walk in the woods near Mon-
tignac.
答案 a 句意:四个男孩儿正在蒙提涅克附近的树林里散步。take a walk为固定短语,意为
“行走,散步”。
9.(2018河北五个一联盟二次联考,41)As you know, science plays  ????very important role in
our education.
答案 a 句意:正如你所知,科学对我们的教育起着非常重要的作用。设空处后的名词role在
本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词;设空处后的very以辅音音素开头,故填a。
10.(2018陕西榆林二中三模,61)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teach-
ers, and researchers use it as  ????investigative tool.
答案 an 句意:因特网是一种令人惊叹的信息资源。学生、老师和研究人员都将其作为一
种调查工具使用。设空处后的名词tool在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词;设空处后的inves-
tigative以元音音素开头,故填an。
11.(2018河北百校联盟联考,61)Table tennis is a fast, demanding sport and has  ????most play-
ers of all sports in the world.
答案 the 句意:乒乓球是一项速度快,需要高技能的运动,参与这项运动的选手在全世界所
有体育运动中人数最多。设空处后的most为形容词最高级作players的定语,形容词最高级前
需填定冠词the。
12.(2018福建莆田3月质检,65)Among  ????“four new great inventions”,online shopping was
invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U.K. in 1979.
答案 the 句意:在“新四大发明”中,网上购物是Michael Aldrich于1979年在英国发明和开
创的。设空处后的名词inventions在本句中表示特指,故填定冠词the。
13.(2018江西名校学术联盟质检Ⅱ,42)My age put me at  ????disadvantage.
答案 a 句意:我的年龄使我处于劣势。设空处后的名词disadvantage在本句中表示泛指,故
填a。
14.(2017江西赣中南五校一模,62)  ????World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world????s most
popular matchmaker(媒人).
答案 The 句意:万维网迅速成了世界上最受欢迎的媒人。“World Wide Web”为含普通
名词的专有名词,这类专有名词常与定冠词连用,故填The。
15. (2017江西九江十校二次联考,61) In 1990, over 100 countries signed   ???? international a-
greement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory.
答案 an 句意:在1990年,有100多个国家签订了一项国际协议,认定买卖象牙为非法的。a-
greement为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故设空处填不定冠词;international的第一个音素为元音
音素,故填an。
B组????2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
单句改错
1.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Undoubtedly, he????s one of the most popular
teacher in our school.?     ????
答案 teacher→teachers  句意:毋庸置疑,他是我们学校里最受欢迎的老师之一。考查名词
的“数”。根据题干中的“one of”可知错误处应该用名词复数形式,故将teacher改为teach-
ers。
2.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Once you have found such true friends, do
treasure him.?     ????
答案 him→them  句意:一旦你找到那样的真正朋友,一定要珍惜他们。考查代词。根据从
句中的friends(名词复数形式)可知需将him改为them。
3.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Encouraged by her,I overcame my fear and finally
made successful attempt.?     ????
答案 successful前加a  句意:受到她的鼓励,我克服了恐惧,最后做了一次成功的尝试。at-
tempt为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故在successful前加a。
4.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)On the one hand, smart phones can distract students???? atten-
tions.?     ????
答案 attentions→attention 句意:一方面,智能手机会分散学生们的注意力。考查名词。at-
tention(注意力)是不可数名词,故将attentions改为attention。
5.(2019安徽皖南八校一次联考)I would never ask much from my parents because I knew it was
not easy for him to make a living.?     ????
答案 him→them 句意:我从不会向父母要太多的钱,因为我知道他们谋生不容易。考查代
词。根据语境可知错误处指代父母二人,故将him改为them。
6.(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟一次联考)Last Sunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park.
?     ????
答案 walk前加a 句意:上周日,我们一家人去附近的一个公园散步了。考查动词短语。go
for a walk为固定短语,意为:去散步。
7.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考)She is such an inspiring person with a strong sense of responsibil-
ities, and we all respect and admire her.?     ????
答案 responsibilities→responsibility 句意:她是一个有很强的责任感的如此鼓舞人心的人,
我们都很敬佩她。考查名词。a sense of responsibility意为:责任感。
8.(2019江西红色七校二联) At that moment, the assistant replied that it would cost myself much
money to fix this watch.?????     ????
答案 myself→me 句意:正在那时,那位助手回答说修好这块手表要花费我很多钱。考查代
词。错误处(myself)与主语it并不是指同一人或物,故错误处不能用反身代词,错误处作cost的
宾语,构成cost sb. some money句型,故将myself改为me。
9.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考)One Monday afternoon, we were playing basketball on playground
when I suddenly slipped and fell over.?     ????
答案 playground前面加the 句意:一个周一的下午,我们正在操场上打篮球,这时我突然滑了
一下摔倒了。考查冠词。playground往往与定冠词连用,表示“操场”。
10.(2019吉林省重点中学二次联考)During that time I was aimless person.?     ??? ?
答案 aimless前加an  句意:在那段时间,我是一个漫无目的的人。考查冠词。person为可数
名词,在本句中表泛指,需与不定冠词连用;aimless以元音音素开头,故加an。
11.(2018河南郑州一中阶段检测Ⅵ)Located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen has a history
of about 6,000 years.Like many small towns in the southern area, which has a lot of small bridges
going over clean streams.?     ????
答案 which→it 句意:乌镇位于浙江省嘉兴市,有大约6,000年的历史。像许多南方的小镇那
样,乌镇清澈的小溪上有许多小桥。整个第二句无主语,故需将which改为it,it代替上文中的
Wuzhen。
12.(2018河北五个一联盟二模)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday,
causing 4 death.?     ????
答案 death→deaths 句意:上周五,一场大暴雨毁掉了南非的两个村庄,导致4人遇难。考查
名词的“数”。death作“死,死亡”讲时为可数名词,根据错误处前的“4”可知将death改为
deaths。
13.(2018山东潍坊一模)After all, helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy.?
     ????
答案 happy→happiness 句意:毕竟,帮助有困难的人是获得快乐和幸福的好办法。错误处
应该用名词而非形容词作obtain的宾语,故将happy改为happiness。
14.(2018福建莆田3月质检)We all liked this activity which gave me relaxation from heavy
schoolwork and promoted our friendship.?     ????
答案 me→us 句意:我们都喜欢这项活动,它使我们从繁重的作业中解脱出来而得以放松并
促进了我们的友谊。根据句意尤其是题干中的We,our可知需将me改为us。
15.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考)In my opinion, online voting is inseparable part of modern
life and should be welcomed.?     ????
答案 inseparable前加an 句意:在我看来,网上选举是现代生活不可分割的一部分,应该得到
认可。名词part在此处为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故与不定冠词连用;inseparable以元音音
素开头,故在其前面加an。
16.(2018河南中原名校五次联考)As the result, their communication with people around them be-
comes less and less.?     ????
答案 the→a 句意:因此,他们与周围人的交流越来越少。as a result为固定搭配,意为“因
此”。故将the改为a。
17.(2018福建福州3月质检)We changed our questions and our interviewees were more willing to
share their ideas with us in end.?     ????
答案 end前加the 句意:我们改变了我们的问题,最终接受采访者更愿意和我们分享他们的
想法了。in the end为固定搭配,意为“最后,终于”。
18.(2017东北三省四市联考Ⅰ)He said he painted for a pleasure.?     ?? ??
答案 去掉a 句意:他说他画画是为了消遣。此处的pleasure为不可数名词,故将不定冠词a去
掉。
19.(2017湖北荆门调研考试) Miss Ding was a very kind women teacher.?     ????
答案 women→woman 句意:丁小姐是一位非常热心的女教师。a woman teacher一位女教
师。
20.(2017江西红色七校二联) It has been a long time since I did anything good for the environ-
ment.?     ????
答案 anything→something anything一般用于否定句或疑问句中,肯定句中应使用some-
thing。
Passage 1
My name is Wil Wheaton—and I am a nerd(怪人). It????s awesome to be  1???? nerd. When I was a
little boy, people really teased me about that and made me feel like there was  2???? wrong with
me for loving strange  3???? (thing). Now that I????m  4???? adult, I????m a professional nerd, and  5???? world has changed. I think we have realized that being a nerd is not about what you love but
about how you love. So there????s going to be a thing in your life that you love. I don????t know what it????s going to be. It might be sports or science or reading or telling  6???? (story)—  7????
doesn????t matter what it is. Some of us love Game of Thrones, while  8???? love Star Wars. But we all love those things so much that we travel  9???? (thousand) of miles—which is probably easy for you,
but we????re still using fossil fuels, so it????s difficult to be around people who love the things that we
love the way that we love them. That????s why being a nerd is awesome.
I want you to work hard because everything worth doing is hard. I want you to be awesome, and I
will do  10???? (I)very best to leave you a planet that you can still live on.
C组????2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。一个人不要在意别人对你的看法,你该关注的是做你想做并认
为值得做的事情。
1.a 成为一个怪人非常可怕。考查冠词用法。设空处后的名词nerd在此句中表示泛指,故与
不定冠词连用。
2.something 当我小的时候,人们总是因为我怪而取笑我。因为我喜欢一些奇怪的东西,这使
我感到自己有问题。设空处表示肯定,there is something wrong with...意为:……有毛病,故答案
为something。
3.things 设空处表示泛指,故填名词复数形式。
4.an 既然我是一个成年人,我就是专业的怪人,并且世界也发生了变化。设空处后的adult在
本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词,adult以元音音素开头,故填an。
5.the 本题考查冠词。world是独一无二的且该词前没有形容词,需与定冠词连用,故填the。
6.stories 那可能是体育运动、科学、阅读,也可能是讲故事。story(故事)为可数名词,在本句
中表示泛指,故填其复数形式stories。
7.it 它是什么无关紧要。设空处作形式主语,“what it is”为真正主语,故设空处填it。
8.others 我们当中有些人喜欢《权力的游戏》,而有些人却喜欢《星球大战》。根据本句中
的Some可推知设空处填others。
9.thousands 但是我们都如此喜欢那些东西以至于我们走几千英里路。thousands of意为:几
千……。
10.my 我想尽我最大的努力给你留下一个星球,你可以在那上面生活。do one????s best to do
sth.为固定短语。根据提示词可知设空处填my。
Passage 2
In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7000 years. As
early as the Shang dynasty, bamboo was being used in ancient  1???? (people)daily lives.  2????
was used for food, clothing, housing, transportation, musical  3???? (instrument)and even weapons.
The  4???? (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in
Sichuan, led the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the
world, in which bamboo played  5???? important role. The world????s oldest water pipe was also
made of bamboo. During  6???? Han dynasty, the people in Sichuan successfully sank a 100-metre
-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe until the 19th
century, and it was by using the technology that the Americans drilled  7???? first oil well in
Pennsylvania in 1859.
In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known as one of the “four  8???? (gentleman)” in plants. To
many distinguished  9???? (man), bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty. It is always close-
ly related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold
on when facing tough  10???? (situation).
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了人们种植、使用竹子的历史。
1.people????s 早在商朝,古人在日常生活中就使用竹子了。设空处后为名词短语(daily lives),由
此可推知设空处作定语且表示所属关系;提示词为名词,故使用名词所有格形式people????s。
2.It 竹子被用作食物、衣服、住房、交通工具、乐器甚至武器。设空处指代上文中的
“bamboo”,且bamboo为不可数名词,故用it替代,故答案为It。
3.instruments  并列连词and前后的词汇(food, clothing, housing, transportation,weapons)均为
名词,由此可推知设空处填名词,instrument为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,需用复数形式,故填in-
struments。
4.application 竹子在科技方面的应用是令人兴奋的。设空处作主语,再根据设空处前的冠词
The可知设空处需填名词;根据提示词apply可知设空处填application,意为:应用。
5.an 公元前251年,四川的李冰,率领当地人建造了都江堰,世界上第一个水利枢纽工程,竹子
在其中起了非常重要的作用。设空处后的名词role在本句中表示泛指,故设空处用不定冠词,
又因为important以元音音素开头,故答案为an。play an important role起重要作用。
6.the 在汉代,四川人用粗粗的竹绳挖出了100米深的水井。 设空处后的名词(Han dynasty)表
示朝代,需与定冠词连用,故答案为the。
7.the 这项技术直到十九世纪才传到欧洲。正是运用了这项技术美洲人于1859年在宾夕法
尼亚州挖出了第一口油井。设空处后的first为序数词,在本句中表示次序,需与定冠词连用,故
填the。
8.gentlemen 在中国文化中,竹子作为植物中的“四君子”之一而闻名。four提示此题需填
名词复数形式。
9.men 对于很多杰出的人来说,竹子是善良和诚实的象征。根据设空处前的形容词many可
推知设空处需填名词复数形式,故填men。
10.situations 竹文化有助于鼓舞人们在面对困境时仍坚持不懈。situation为可数名词,在本句
中表示泛指,故设空处填名词复数形式situations。
考点一 名词
1.(2018天津,6)The  ????(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always
inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
答案 possibility 句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命,这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外
太空。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语,故填名词。possibility可能,可能性,其后为that引导的
同位语从句。
2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand what????s actually happening instead of acting on the  ????(as-
sume) you????ve made.
答案 assumption 句意:要努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事,而不要根据自己的假设就采
取行动。根据语境和设空处前的定冠词the可知此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption
假定;假设。
历年高考试题汇编
3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical inci-
dents. But alternative   ???? (explain) are hard to find.
答案 explanations 句意:恐龙灭绝未必是由天体事故造成的,但是也很难找到其他的解释。
设空处在此处作句子的主语,要用其名词形式。根据系动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形
式。
4.(2016浙江,4 )It is important to pay your   ????(electric)bill on time, as late payments may af-
fect your credit.
答案 electricity 句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名
词作定语。名词作定语时,常用其单数形式,故答案为electricity。
5.(2016江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for   ????(happy) and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
答案 happiness 句意:——你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的秘诀吗?——确切地说,就是充实
地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式,happiness作“幸福”讲,为不可数名词,故答案为happi-
ness。
6.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make  ????(adjust) in agreement with the national
soccer reform.
答案 adjustments/adjustment 句意:有些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持
一致。设空处作动词make的宾语,故需用名词,adjustment既可为可数名词也可为不可数名词,
在本句中表示泛指,而设空处前没有冠词,故可填adjustments/adjustment。
7.(2015江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.
—I????d like to,but I????m afraid she won????t be happy with my  ????(apologize).
答案 apology/apologies????句意:——戴夫,去向你妈妈道歉。——我想去,但是我怕她并不会
对我的道歉感到满意。设空处前为形容词性物主代词,故设空处应为名词形式。
8.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce   ????(stressful)is to talk about feelings
with someone you trust.
答案 stress 句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。设空处作动词
reduce的宾语,故用名词形式。reduce stress减压。
9.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some  ????(think)and then
let me know.
答案 thought 句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,考虑一下然后再让我知道。some后需用
名词形式,而thought作“考虑,思索”讲时为不可数名词,故答案为thought。give sth.thought考
虑某事。
10.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his   ????(identify)when he went to carry
out the secret task.
答案 identity 句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新名
字。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式,故答案为identity。identity身份。
11.(2014安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don????t have enough money for a
new one?
—That????s a good  ????(suggest).
答案 suggestion 句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢?
——那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处前有不定冠词,故设空
处填suggestion。
12.(2014湖北,21)Her  ????(motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to high-
er education.
答案 motivation 句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物
主代词后需用名词形式,此外后面的系动词为was,故设空处需用名词单数形式。
考点二 代词
1.(2019天津,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier
than   ???? who are not.
答案 those 句意:研究表明参加课外活动的学生比那些不参加的学生更快乐。此处用those
替代复数名词the students。
2.(2017天津,11)  ????was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new
neighbors.
答案 It 句意:就在我返回我的公寓的时候,我第一次偶遇了我的新邻居。根据语境和结构
可知,本句考查强调句式,被强调部分为when引导的时间状语从句,根据基本结构“It is/was...
that...”可知设空处填It。
3.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from  ????in
the UK.
答案 that 句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查替代
词。首先将原句改为:In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from the
education system in the UK.然后考虑用that代替特指的单数名词。
4.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than   ????in some larger
schools.
答案 that 句意:这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。本句需用that
替代the quality of education,以避免重复。
5.(2015浙江,12)How would you like   ????if you were watching your favorite TV program and
someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
答案 it????句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关了,
你觉得怎样?表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that,if或when引导的从句。
6.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but   ????knows the date for sure.
答案 nobody 句意:会议将在9月份召开,但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的but可知
此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。
7.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the
  ????.
答案 other 句意:为了使自己暖和,那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other两者
中的另一个。
8.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but   ????is useful to my knowledge.
答案 none 句意:Niki总是会有很多想法,但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查
代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不,都没。
9.(2014大纲全国,25)—Who????s that at the door?
—  ????is the milkman.
答案 It 句意:——门口的那个人是谁?——是送牛奶的人。考查代词用法。it可用于明确
身份,指某人。
10.(2014山东,4)Susan made  ????clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
答案 it 句意:苏珊清楚地向我表明,她希望自己开始一种新生活。句中that she wished to
make...是真正的宾语,空格处应为形式宾语,故用it。
11.(2014重庆,1)A smile costs  ????,but gives much.
答案 nothing/little 句意:微笑不会损失什么,但是却能给予很多。根据题干中的but可推知
设空处应为表示否定的代词,故答案为nothing或little。
12.(2014福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in  ????,knives and forks.
答案 others 句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。
some...others...表示“一些……,另一些……”。
13.(2014浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making  ????the driest year
since California became a state in 1850.
答案 it 句意:去年加利福尼亚的平均降雨量只有18.75厘米,使得这一年成为加利福尼亚自
1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。本题考查代词的用法。此处it指代前面的last year以避免重
复。
14.(2014安徽,24)You can ask anyone for help.  ????here is willing to lend you a hand.
答案 Everyone/Everybody 句意:你可以找任何人帮忙。这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。根
据上下文逻辑可知此处表示“这里的每个人”,故答案为Everyone或Everybody。由于系动词
为is,故all(所有人)不符合。
15.(2014陕西,21)I????d appreciate  ????if you could let me know in advance whether or not you
will come.
答案 it 句意:假如你提前让我知道你是否会来,我将不胜感激。考查代词。I????d appreciate it
if...属于固定句式,表示“假如……我将不胜感激”。
16.(2014四川,1)She????d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked  ????and moved to Cam-
bridge.
答案 neither 句意:她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过,但是她不喜欢这两座城市,然后搬到剑桥
了。由表示转折的连词but可知该空应该表示否定意思且指代London and Manchester,故答案
为neither。
17.(2014江西,32)—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?
—  ????.I????ll be in all day.
答案 Either 句意:——我该在上午还是在下午打电话?——上午或下午都行。我一整天都
在。根据句意,答句表示在上午或下午两个时间中任意一个时间都可以,故答案为Either(两者
中的任意一个)。
考点三 冠词
1.(2016浙江,2)  ???? prize for the winner of the competition is  ???? two-week holiday in Paris.
答案 The; a 句意:这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。第一空后的名词prize在本句中表
示特指,故用the;第二空后的holiday为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故与不定冠词a连用。
2.(2015浙江,2)Jane????s grandmother had wanted to write a children????s book for many years,but
one thing or another always got in   ????way.
答案 the 句意:多年以来,简的外祖母本来想写一本儿童读物,但是这样或那样的事情总是
阻碍她的计划。in the way妨碍。
3.(2015重庆,3)I just heard   ????bank where Dora works was robbed by   ????gunman wearing
a mask.
答案 the;a 句意:我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名戴面具的持枪人抢劫。考查冠
词。第一个空后的名词后有定语从句修饰,特指Dora工作的那家银行,应该用定冠词the;第二
个空后的名词gunman在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。
4.(2015陕西,14)  ????more learned a man is,  ????more modest he usually becomes.
答案 The;the????句意:一个人学识越渊博,他通常就会越谦逊。“The more...the more...”为固
定句型,意为“越……就越……”。
5.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be  ???? Beethoven.
答案 a 句意:Brian在作曲方面很有天赋,他很有可能会成为一个贝多芬式的人物。本题考
查冠词。a在此处表示……式的人物。
6.(2014天津,8)Life is like  ????ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.
答案 an 句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean为可数名
词,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词,ocean以元音音素开头,故答案为an。
7.(2014重庆,6)I can????t tell you  ????way to the Wilsons???? because we don????t have  ????
Wilson here in the village.
答案 the;a 句意:我不能告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为我们村里没有姓威尔逊的。本题考查
冠词。第一个空表示特指,故用the;第二个空用不定冠词表示“某一,一位(用于陌生人的姓名
前)”。
8.(2014浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days  ????week,often long
into  ????night.
答案 a;the 句意:论文下个月要上交了。我现在每周工作七天,经常工作到深夜。第一空填
a相当于one;第二空是固定搭配long into the night。
9.(2014陕西,19)  ????village where I was born has grown into  ????town.
答案 The;a 句意:我出生的那个村庄已经变成一个城镇了。由village后的定语从句where I
was born可知这里特指“我”出生的村庄,故第一个设空处用定冠词the。而第二个设空处泛
指一个城镇,故用不定冠词a。