2020版英语高分突破大二轮课标Ⅰ地区专用(课件+PDF教师用书):专题十三 谓语动词

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名称 2020版英语高分突破大二轮课标Ⅰ地区专用(课件+PDF教师用书):专题十三 谓语动词
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专题十三  谓语动词 1 
专题十三 谓语动词
对应学生用书起始页码 P278
考点一 动词的分类
    一、系动词:用来连接主语和表语,与表语构成“系表
结构”。
分类 例词 例句
“状态”类 be He is a good man.他是好人。
“持续”类
keep, last,
remain, stay,
lie, stand
I hope you keep well.我希望你
保持健康。
The work remains unfinished.该
工作尚未完成。
“似乎”类 seem, appear
It appears that he likes the opera.
他似乎喜欢戏剧。
“感官”类
look, smell,
taste, feel, sound
He looks nervous and apologetic.
他看上去很紧张且有歉意。
“变成”类
become, grow,
go, get, turn,
come, fall
He became famous as a teacher.
他作为一名老师而出名。
“证明”类 prove, turn out
The dictionary proves very
useful.这本词典证明非常有用。
    二、助动词:参与构成不同的时态、语态、语气以及否
定、疑问结构。
分类 功能
be
帮助现在分词构成现在进行时(be+doing)
帮助过去分词构成被动语态(be+done)
与不定式构成 be to do 结构,表示将来、命令、征
求意见、约定等
do,does,did
帮助动词原形构成疑问句、否定句
帮助动词原形构成强调句
用来替代动词
have / has / had
帮助过去分词构成完成体(have / has / had done)
或完成进行体(have / has / had been doing)
will,shall /
would,should
帮助动词原形构成一般将来时或过去将来时
    三、实义动词:表示行为、动作。
分类 用法 句型、例词
及物
动词
可 直 接
加宾语
及物动词+宾语
及物动词+双宾语
及物动词+宾语+宾补
不 及 物
动词
不可直
接加宾语
die, occur, happen(发生),come 等
延 续 性
动词
动 作 可
持续
write, work, carry, repair, live, study 等
非延续
性动词
动 作 不
可持续
stop, die, arrive 等
    四、情态动词:本身有一定的词义,表示说话者的情
绪、态度或语气,和动词原形一起构成谓语。 (详见考点
五)
考点二 动词的时态
    一、一般体
1.一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三
人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加?s 或?es,其变化规则如下
表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加?s eat→eats,rise→rises
以 s,sh,ch,x,
o,z 结尾的动词
加?es
discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
以辅音字母加 y
结尾的动词
变 y 为 ies
carry→carries
fly→flies
    2)be 的变化:am,is,are。
3)have 的变化:has,have。
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2  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
    (2)一般现在时的用法
用法 例句
①表示现在的经常性、习惯性动
作或状态
We have meals three times a
day.我们一日吃三餐。 (现在
的习惯)
He is always ready to help
others.他总是乐于助人。 (现
在的状态)
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自
然现象。 此用法即使出现在过
去的语境中,也用一般现在时
The sun rises in the east.太阳
从东方升起。
He said that hydrogen is a light
gas.他说氢气是很轻的气体。
③用于以 here,there 开头的倒装
句中,一般现在时表示现在正在
发生的动作或存在的状态
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车
来了。
④有些动词的一般现在时可以表示将来(见一般将来时的用法)
    2.一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
1)一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方
法如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加?ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加 y
结尾的动词
变 y
为?ied
carry→carried
以一个辅音字母结尾
的重读闭音节动词
双写辅音字
母加?ed
plan→planned
以不发音的 e
结尾的动词
直接加?d
like→liked
provide→provided
    2)was 用于第一、三人称单数,were 用于其他人称。
3)注意以元音字母加 y 结尾的动词,规则变化是直接加
?ed。 如 play→played;不规则变化是把 y 改为 id。 如:pay→
paid,say→said。
(2)一般过去时的用法
用法 例句
表示过去发生的一次性
或习惯性动作或状态
We often played basketball together.
我们 (过去) 经常在一起打篮球。
(过去的习惯性动作)
I got to know her in 1998.我 1998 年
结识了她。 (过去的一次性动作)
I didn????t know her at that time.那时我
不认识她。 (过去的状态)
want, hope, think, intend
等动词的一般过去时往
往表 示 “ 过 去 原 ……”
之意
I thought he was an honest man.我原
以为他是个老实人。
He didn????t intend to hurt you.他没打
算伤害你。
wonder 的一般过去时有
时也可表示现在的行为,
但口气要比用一般现在
时更加委婉、客气
I wondered if you could do me a
favour.我不知道你能否帮我一个忙。
续表
用法 例句
“used to+动词原形”表示
过去的习惯性动作而现
在已经不再发生了
We used to spend our vacation in the
mountains.我们以前常常在山里度
假。 (暗示现在不再在山里度假了)
    3.一般将来时
构成 用法 例句
will / shall
+动词原形
① shall 往往与
第一人称连用,
will 与各种人称
连用
②表示将来习
惯 性 动 作 或
状态
③表示将来发
生 的 一 次 性
动作
I shall call you as soon as I
arrive.我一到就给你打电话。
Spring will come again.春天还会
再来。
He will be here in an hour.他一
小时后到这里。
If you don????t hurry, you will miss
the train.如果你不快点儿,你就
会赶不上火车了。
will
①表示主语的
固有属性或必
然趋势
②表达偶然的、
临时的决定
Fish will die without water.离开
水,鱼就会死。
—Listen! The doorbell is ringing.
听! 门铃在响。
—I will go.我去(开门)。
is / am / are
going to +
动词原形
①表示计划、安
排要做某事
②表示根据现
在的迹象对未
来进行推断
He is going to speak on TV this
evening. 他 今 晚 要 在 电 视 上
讲话。
Look at the dark clouds. It is
going to rain.看这些乌云,要下
雨了。
is / am / are
about to +
动词原形
表示“立即的将
来 ( immediate
future )”, 该 结
构不与表示将
来的具体时间
状语连用,但可
以和 when 引导
的 状 语 从 句
连用
The train is about to start.火车
就要开了。
I????m not about to stop when I????m
so close to success.在这样接近
成功时我不打算就此罢手。
is / am / are
to + 动 词
原形
表示按计划、约
定、 职 责 要 做
某事
When are you to leave for home?
你什么时候回家?
You are to report it to the
police.你应该报警。
某 些 动 词
的 一 般 现
在时
常用于表达火
车时刻、飞机时
刻、电 影 开 演、
作息安排等时
刻表内容
We must hurry up.The first class
begins at 8 o????clock.我们必须快
点。 第一节课将在 8 点开始。
某 些 动 词
的 现 在 进
行时
表示按计划、安
排近期将要发
生的动作
I????m leaving for Beijing next
month.我计划下个月要去北京。
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专题十三  谓语动词 3 
    4.过去将来时
构成 用法 例句
① should / would + 动
词原形
② was / were going to
+动词原形
③was / were about to
+动词原形
④was / were to+动词
原形
表 示 从 过
去 某 一 时
间 看 将 要
发 生 的 动
作 或 存 在
的状态
He said he would be here at
eight o????clock.他说他将在八
点钟到这里。
I thought it was going to
rain.我当时觉得要下雨。
The plane was about to
land.飞机马上就要着陆了。
He told me he was to get
married the next week.他告
诉我他第二周结婚。
    单句填空
①They   live ( live) in the same building, don????t they?
②I promise I  will support (support)you all the time.
③The plane   takes ( take)off at 8:00 a.m.
④I hoped I  would find ( find)a job soon.
二、进行体
1.进行体的构成
(1)考纲对进行体所要求掌握的时态:现在进行时、过去
进行时、将来进行时,它们的构成形式分别为:
现在进行时:am / is / are+现在分词
过去进行时:was / were+现在分词
将来进行时:will / shall+be+现在分词
(2)现在分词的构成形式:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加?ing try→trying
以一个辅音字母结尾
的重读闭音节动词
双写辅音字
母加?ing
regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的 e
结尾的动词
去掉 e,
加?ing
hate→hating
date→dating
    2.进行体的用法
用法 例句
表示某一时刻正在进行的动作或
存在的状态,具有暂时性和未完成
性的特点
I didn????t really work there; I
was just helping out until
the new secretary arrived.我
并不在那里上班,我只是去
帮忙。 新秘书来了,我就离
开了。 (暂时性)
表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发
生的事情,常与 these / those days,
this / that week 等时间状语连用
We are making model
planes these days.
这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(此时此刻不一定在做)
表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与
always, continually, constantly,
forever,all the time 等连用
He is always thinking of
others first. 他总是先想到
他人。
有些动词的进行时可以表示将来(见一般将来时的用法)
    3.有些动词不用于进行体,常见的有:
分类 例词
感觉类 look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see, hear
情感类 like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore
心态类
wish,hope,want,need,believe, understand, remember,
forget, agree,know
状态类 appear,lie(位于), remain,belong to, have
    单句填空
⑤Sorry, you can????t use my computer. I   am using (use)
it now.
⑥I  was watching (watch)TV when you rang me up.
⑦At this time tomorrow, I  will be sitting  ( sit) at the
table.
三、完成体
(一)完成体的构成
时态 形式
现在完成时 have / has+过去分词
过去完成时 had+过去分词
将来完成时 will have+过去分词
    [温馨提示]
(1)规则动词的过去分词的构成方法同过去式的构成方
法,详见一般过去时部分“规则动词变化方法”。
(2)不规则动词的过去分词构成详见“附录二”(不规则
动词表)部分。
(二)完成体的用法
1.现在完成时
用法 例句
表示一个动作开始于过
去,持续到现在(甚至到
将来)。 常与之连用的时
间 状 语 有: lately,
recently, in the last(past)
few days / years, since
then,up to now,so far(至
今)等
In the past few years, great changes
have taken place in my hometown.在
过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大
变化。
He has written 8 books so far.到现在
为止,他已经写了 8 本书了。
表示过去发生的事情对
现在产生的影响。 说话
者中心在现在,常用的状
语 有: already, ever, just
(刚刚),yet,before 等
He has turned off the light. ( = The
light is off now.)他已经关掉灯了。
The concert has already started. ( =
The concert is on now.)音乐会已经
开始了。
在“最高级+名词”或“ It /
This is + the + 序 数 词 +
time”之后的从句中谓语
动词常用现在完成时
This is the first time ( that ) I have
come here.这是我第一次来这里。
This is the best tea( that) I have ever
drunk.这是我喝过的最好的茶了。
have gone to 意为 “去某
地了”,表示此人现在还
在那里
He has gone to the zoo. 他去动物
园了。
He has gone to live abroad.他到国外
居住了。
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4  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
续表
用法 例句
have been to 意为 “去过
某地”,表示此人已经回
来了
Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你
去过上海吗?
He has been to see his teacher.他去看
过他老师了。 (已经回来)
瞬间动词可以用于完成
时态,但不可以接表示一
段时间的状语
(√)He has finished his work.
(×) He has finished his work for an
hour.
    [温馨提示]
(1)瞬间动词用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间
状语连用时,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变
化。 如:
他参军 3 年了。
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.
(√)He has been in the army for 3 years.(变换动词)
(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.(变换时态)
(√) It has been / is 3 years since he joined the army.(变换
句型)
(2)部分瞬间动词(词组)与延续性动词(词组)对应表
汉语意思 瞬间动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
买 buy have
借 borrow keep
结婚 get married be married
认识 get to know know
离开 leave be away
回来 come back be back
生病 fall ill be ill
死亡 die be dead
关闭 turn off be off
打开 turn on be on
动身 leave for be off to
返回 return be back
变成 become be
开始 begin be on
睡觉 go to bed sleep
穿 put on have on / wear
来 / 去 come / go be in / away
参加 join be a member of
感冒 catch a cold have a cold
入睡 go to sleep / fall asleep be asleep
续表
汉语意思 瞬间动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
到达 get to / arrive in(at) / reach be in
    2.过去完成时
用法 例句
一件事情发生在过去,而另外一
件事情先于它发生(即表“过去
的过去”),那么发生在前的动作
要用过去完成时
She had learned some English
before she came to the
institute.她在来这个机构前已
学过一些英语了。
He said that he had been
abroad for 3 years.他说他在国
外待了 3 年了。
表示从过去某一时间开始,一直
延续到过去的另一时间的动作,
常用的时间状 语 有: by / until /
before / by the end of+“表过去的
某一时间”
By then he had learned
English for 3 years.到那时,他
已学了 3 年英语了。
Until then he had known
nothing about it yet.到那时为
止,他对此仍一无所知。
hope,expect,mean, intend,want,
suppose 的过去完成时表示过去
未曾实现的愿望或意图
I had hoped to see more of
Shanghai.我本希望在上海多
看看。 (但未能如愿)
在“Hardly / Scarcely /
Barely...when...”和“No sooner...
than...”句型中,when 和 than 从
句里用一般过去时,主句用过去
完成时,且用倒装,表示 “刚刚
……就……”
Hardly / No sooner had I got
home when / than the rain
poured down.我刚到家,大雨
就倾盆而下。
在“ It was / had been+一段时间+
since 从句”中 since 从句的谓语
用过去完成时
It was ten years since we had
had such a wonderful time.我
们有 10 年没那么高兴过了。
在 “ That / It / This was the first /
second... time + that 从句” 句型
中,that 从句的谓语要用过去完
成时
It was the third time ( that) he
had made the same mistake.那
是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
    3.将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成,常
用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。
By this time of next year,all of you will have become
college students.
到明年的这个时候,你们大家就都成为大学生了。
单句填空
⑧ Happy birthday! By this time of next year, you
 will have turned ( turn)18.
⑨I  had thought  ( think) you would come the next day,
but you didn????t.
⑩This is the first time that he  has passed  ( pass) the
exam.
????????????Hardly  had  ( have)we started when the car got a flat
tyre.
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专题十三  谓语动词 5 
    四、完成进行体
1.考纲对完成进行体所要求掌握的时态为现在完成进行
时,其形式为:have / has+been+doing。
2.现在完成进行时的用法
用法 例句
动作发生在过去,持续到现
在且现在还在进行
He has been learning English for 6
years.他学英语已经 6 年了。 (强
调到现在还在学)
现在完成进行时是现在完
成时和现在进行时的组合,
因此,它既具备现在完成时
的特征,又具备现在进行时
的特征,如:它具备进行体
的“未完性、暂时性、感
彩”的特点
It has been raining for 3 days.已经
下了三天雨了。 (强调说话者“抱
怨”的感彩)
    五、动词时态的呼应
1.主将从现
用法 例句
所谓“主将从现”,即主句表
将来 (不一定为一般将来
时,祈使句、“情态动词+动
词原形”也可表将来),从句
(包括时间、条件、让步状语
从句)用现在时(不一定是
一般现在时,现在进行时、
现在完成时也可在这类从
句中表示将来)
Whatever you say,I will not change
my mind.无论你说什么,我都不会
改变主意。
If she is still waiting,tell her to go
home.如果她还在等,就让她回家。
I will go with you as soon as I have
finished my work.我做完工作就和
你一起去。
    2.含宾语从句的句子的时态一致问题
(1)宾语从句中的动词时态常受主句谓语时态的制约,如果
主句谓语为现在时或将来时,宾语从句中的谓语可以不受影响。
He says ( that)
his father is a teacher.
他说他父亲现在是老师。
his father was a teacher.
他说他父亲过去是老师。
his father will become a teacher.
他说他父亲要当老师。
ì
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(2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动
词一般需用过去的某种时态,即一般过去时、过去进行时、过
去完成时、过去完成进行时、过去将来时、过去将来进行时
等。 如:
I thought ( that)
he was a smart boy.
(was 与 thought 同时发生)
he was sleeping.
( thought 发生时,sleep 正在进行)
he had got well.
(get well 先于 thought 发生)
he had been learning French
for at least 4 years.
( learn French 发生在 thought 之前,
并延续到了 thought 这一动作,
且在 thought 发生时还在进行)
he would find a job soon.
( find a job 发生在 thought 之后)
he would be going by bus.
(go by bus 发生在 thought 之后)
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    注意:(1)当主句为过去时,宾语从句有明确的表过去的
时间状语时,可不必用过去完成时而用一般过去时。
I knew he was born in 1991.我知道他生于 1991 年。
(2)当宾语从句表达真理时,谓语动词不必变为过去时,
而继续采用一般现在时态。
This proved that the earth is round.这证明地球是圆的。
单句填空
????????????The teacher told us that the Yangtze River  originates 
(originate) in Qinghai.
????????????He said he  was leaving / would leave  ( leave) a few
days later.
3.含虚拟语气的句子中的时态一致问题
用法 例句
在 “ would / should / ought to /
could / might / needn????t / would like
to... have done sth., but...” 句型
中,but 后面的谓语动词需用一
般过去时或过去进行时
He should have turned up but
he had an unexpected visitor.
他本应该到场,但他那里来了
一个不速之客。
在“But for the fact + that 从句”
中,that 从句的谓语动词时态要
根据后面句子谓语动词所表示
的时间而定
But for the fact that he is busy
now,he would be here.要不是
他现在很忙,他就在这里了。
It is(high) time+that 从句,that 从
句中谓语动词需用一般过去时
或 should+动词原形
It is time that we went / should
go to bed.我们该睡觉了。
    单句填空
????????????But for the fact that you  were (be) ill,I would have had
you print the papers.
????????????It is high time that we  had / should have (have) lunch.
???????????? I would have picked you up at the airport, but I
 was having (have)a meeting then.
六、易混时态的区别
1.一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体
确定的,与其他时间没有牵连,它所表示的事情纯属过去;现
在完成时说的是现在的情况。 比较下面几组句子,体会两种
时态的不同:
He served in the army from 2005 to 2017.
(这是过去的一件事)
He has served in the army for 12 years.
(现在他仍在军中服役,他仍然是名军人)
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He wrote many plays when he was at college.
(写剧本是他过去做的事情)
He has written many plays.
(这意味着他现在是剧作家)
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I saw Lost in Thailand last year.
(看《泰囧》的时间是去年,与现在无关)
I have seen Lost in Thailand before.
(以前看过,强调现在知道这部电影的内容。 before
“以前”是一个与现在有联系的时间,而不是一个
确定的与现在无关的过去时间)
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6  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
    2.一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
(1)一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况,而过去完成时
指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事。
He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to
this school.他来这个学校之前就已经学了 3,000 个英语单
词了。
(2)过去完成时的时间状语常用 by 或 before 引导的短
语或句子表示,如 by that time,by the end of,before 2010,by
the time+句子(一般过去时)等。
He had finished writing the book by the end of last
month.
到上个月月底为止,他已经写完这本书了。
3.过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用,但现在完成
时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表
示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某
时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作(句中可有表示过
去特定时间的状语)。 比较下面的说法:
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
(“回来”发生在过去某一时间,“生病”发生在这一时间
之前,即过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week.
(现在仍然病着)
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用所给动词的正确时态填空
????????????The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody  has seen 
(see) them since.
???????????? I????m calling about the apartment you   advertised 
(advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it?
????????????During the last three decades, the number of people
participating in physical fitness programs  has increased 
( increase)sharply.
考点三 动词的语态
    一、被动语态
1.主动语态变被动语态的方法
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    2.被动语态的构成
英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。 主动语态是无标记的,而被动语态则是有标记的。 被动语态
由“助动词 be+过去分词”构成。 助动词 be 随着主语的人称、数和句子的时态、语气的不同而变化。 几种常见时态的被动语态
形式见下表:
        时
  体     
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would be done
进行 is / am / are being done was / were being done — —
完成 have / has been done had been done (will have been done) (would have been done)
完成进行 — — — —
    3.被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或没有必要
指明动作的执行者
Attention, please! A meeting will be held
in the office at 8: 00 a. m. tomorrow.
Everyone is expected to attend on time.请
注意! 明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。
望大家准时参加。
强调或突出动作的
承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.那位女
士被送进了医院。
动作执行者被较长
的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who
wished to make much money.想挣许多钱
的人们支持那个主意。
    [温馨提示]
(1)动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,不可丢
掉后面的介词或副词。
The plan will be given up.这项计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改
掉了。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态形式是:情态动词+be+过去
分词
He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽早执行。
(3)“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周治疗一次。
He fell off the car and got killed.
他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了。
二、主动形式表被动意义
用法 例句
“系动词 look, sound, feel, smell,
taste 等 +形容词 / 名词”构成系表
结构
The steel feels cold.
钢摸起来很凉。
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专题十三  谓语动词 7 
续表
用法 例句
某些与 can????t,won????t 等连用的不及
物动词,如 open,shut,move 等
The door won????t shut.
这扇门关不上。
某些可和 well,easily 等副词连用
的不 及 物 动 词, 如 read, write,
draw,wash,clean,cook 等
Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容
易洗干净。
Your article reads very well.
你的文章读起来很不错。
少数不及物动词用于进行时,其主动形
式表示被动含义,如 print,cook,sell 等
The meat is cooking.肉正在
炖着。
    注意:“介词 in,on,under 等+名词”构成介词短语表被动
意义。
表示方位或目的的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被
动之意,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前
一般不用冠词。 常见的有:
under control 受控制      under treatment 在治疗中
under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中
under construction 在施工中
beyond belief 令人难以置信
beyond one????s reach 够不着 beyond one????s control 无法控制
for sale 待售 for rent 出租
in print 已出版 in sight 在视野范围内
on sale 出售 on show 展出
on trial 受审 out of control 控制不了
out of sight 在视野范围外 out of one????s reach 够不着
out of fashion 不流行
The rumor is beyond belief( = can????t be believed) .
那个谣言令人难以置信。
Today some treasures are on show( = are being shown) in
the museum.今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。
三、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:have
(有),wish(希望),cost(花费),date back to(追溯到),
agree with(同意),arrive at / in(到达),shake hands with
(握手),succeed in(成功),suffer from(受苦),take part
in(参加),walk into / enter(走进),belong to(属于) 等。
This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙正好开这把锁。
四、be to blame(该受责备,对某件坏事应负责任)与
be to let(待出租)两种结构中,用不定式的主动形式表示
被动含义。
Which driver is to blame for the accident?
这次事故是哪个司机的责任?
This house is to let.这座房子要出租。
单句填空
①If nothing   is done  (do),the oceans will turn into fish
deserts.
②Hundreds of jobs  will be lost  ( lose ) if the factory
closes.
③A new cinema   is being built (build) here.They hope to
finish it next month.
考点四 主谓一致
    主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保
持一致。 一般可根据三个原则来确定:
语法一致:主语的单、复数决定谓语动词的单、复数
意义一致:形单意复或形复意单的名词作主语,谓语动
词要根据主语的意义决定
就近一致:谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在数上保持一致
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一、语法一致
用法 例句
主语是单数,谓语动词用单
数;主语是复数,谓语动词
用复数
The results of the research are to be
published soon. 研究结果不久将
发表。
复 合 不 定 代 词 someone,
anyone, everyone, nobody /
no one, something,
anything, everything,
nothing 等作主语,谓语动词
用单数
If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call
me.如果有人看到莉萨,请她给我
打个电话。
Nothing is impossible to a willing
heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
each of+
名词复数
them / us / you{ }
作主语时,谓语动词用单数
形式,但“we, you, they 或
名词复数+each”作主语时,
谓语动词用复数形式
Each of the students has an apple.
这些学生每人有一个苹果。 (不定
代词 Each 作主语)
The students each have an apple.
这些学生每人有一个苹果。 (The
students 作主语,each 作同位语)
代词 all 作主语:若指人,谓
语动词用复数;若指事物或
现象,谓语动词通常用单数
All are equal before the law.法律面
前,人人平等。
All is well that ends well.结局好一
切都好。
不定式、动名词或从句作主
语时,谓语动词通常用单数
Having to change trains is a small
inconvenience.换乘火车多少有些
不便。
many a
the whole
each
every
either
neither
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+单数名词
作主语,谓语动词用单数
Many a page in this book is
missing.这本书缺了许多页。
The whole nation is in deep sorrow.
整个国家沉浸在悲痛之中。
    单句填空
①His suggestion  has (have)been accepted.
②To say you were ignorant of the rules   is (be)no excuse.
③How to earn daily bread by my pen  was (be) then the
problem.
二、意义一致
用法 例句
形式为单数但意义为复
数概念的 police,cattle 等
作主语时,谓语动词用
复数
The police have not made any arrests.
警方未逮捕任何人。
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8  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
续表
用法 例句
表 示 一 类 人 / 物 的 the
poor / rich / dead / injured /
wounded 等和“ the+姓氏
复数”作主语时,谓语动
词用复数
The rich are to help the poor.富人应
该帮助穷人。
The Greens are going to London.格
林一家要去伦敦。
表示某国人的总称的 the
Chinese, the British, the
Irish 等作主语时,谓语动
词用复数
The Chinese are hard?working.中国
人民是勤劳的。
诸 如 maths, physics,
politics,news 等以“ s”结
尾却表示单数或不可数
概念的名词作主语时,谓
语动词用单数
Physics is my favorite subject.物理是
我最喜欢的科目。
Bad news has wings.坏事传千里。
单 复 数 同 形 的 名 词
sheep,deer,means,works
(工厂)等作主语,谓语动
词的数与实际意义一致
3 sheep are eating grass there.3 只羊
在那里吃草。
A sheep is lying there.有只羊正躺在
那里。
集体 名 词 family, class,
crew,team,group,public,
audience, committee,
crowd, government 等 作
主语时,动词的单复数要
根据主语所指的意义而
定。 当集体名词作为一
个整体看待时,谓语动词
用单数;如果指其中各个
成员时,谓语动词用复数
The class consists of twenty?five boys
and twenty girls.这个班由 25 个男生
和 20 个女生组成。 (强调 class 这一
整体)
The class are doing experiments. 全班
学生正在做实验。 (强调 class 里的
各个成员)
    单句填空
④The cattle   are (be)eating grass on the hill now.
⑤Not every means   is (be)useful.
⑥The English   are (be)proud of their sense of humor.
三、就近一致
or, either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but also...,
not...but...在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在 there be 句
型中,谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。
Not his parents but he doesn????t want to go.不是他的父母
不想去而是他不想去。
Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a
holiday.不仅是学生,老师也盼望假期。
There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.桌上有
一杯茶和一些苹果。
单句填空
⑦ Are (be)either you or he fit for the job?
⑧Not you but I   am (be) responsible for this.
⑨ Are  ( be) not only the students but also their teacher
required to attend the meeting?
四、主谓一致的几个难点
1.并列主语的主谓一致
用法 例句
两个单数可数名词或不
可数名词用 and 连接,表
示两个不同的概念时,谓
语动词用复数
Tom and Jack are close friends.汤姆
和杰克是亲密的朋友。
Steam and ice are different forms of
water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
两个单数可数名词用 and
连接,表示同一人、同一
物或同一个概念,或表示
不可分的整体时,谓语动
词仍用单数
The singer and dancer is to attend
our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参
加我们的晚会。
被 every,each,many a,no
等限定的名词由 and 连
接时,谓语动词仍用单数
Many a teacher and ( many a )
student has seen the film.许多老师和
学生看过这部电影。
一个单数可数名词或不
可数名词被几个用 and
连接的并列形容词所修
饰时,可以指一件事或几
件事,这种名词作主语,
要根据意义一致的原则
决定谓语动词的单复数
形式
Simple and plain living is a fine
quality.生活简朴是一种优良的品质。
English and American literature are
appealing to her. 英国文学和美国文
学都对她有吸引力。
由 and 连接的两个 what
从句作主语时,要根据意
义一致的原则决定谓语
动词的单复数形式
What he says and does do not agree.
他言行不一致。
What he says and does does not
concern me.他的言行与我无关。
在含“名词或代词+with,
along with, together with,
as well as, rather than,
but,except 或 not 等 +名
词或代词” 结构的句子
中,谓语动词的数应该和
第一个名词或代词保持
一致
Tom as well as two of his friends was
invited to the party.汤姆以及他的两
个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。
Nobody but one teacher and three
students was in the laboratory.只有一
个老师和三个学生在实验室里。
    单句填空
⑩Many a good man  has (have) been destroyed by drink.
????????????The writer and translator   is (be) delivering a speech in
our school now.
????????????Tom, not the students, has (have)gone there.
????????????Mary, along with her sisters,   attends  ( attend) the
conference regularly.
2.由两部分构成的表示物体的名词,如 trousers, pants,
jeans,glasses, shoes等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of / two / three / ...pairs of 来修
饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于 pair的单复数形式。
The trousers need cleaning.
This pair of trousers needs cleaning.{ } 这条裤子需要洗。
The 2 pairs of trousers are mine.这两条裤子是我的。
{
单句填空
????????????Compasses   are (be)usually used to draw circles.
????????????That pair of compasses   is (be) lost.
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专题十三  谓语动词 9 
    3.数词与量词(+名词)作主语时的主谓一致
用法 例句
表示时间、重量、距离、价
格、体积等名词的复数作
主语时,通常当作整体看
待,后接单数谓语动词
Twenty years is a long time in one????s
life. 20 年在人的一生中是很长的一
段时间。
“分数、百分数、 half、 the
rest 或 most+of+名词”作
主语时,其谓语动词需与
of 后的名词保持一致
About one third of the books are
worth reading. 这些书中大约有 1 / 3
值得一读。
但:Two thirds of the population in
China are / is farmers.中国三分之二
的人口是农民。
由 “ kind / form / type / sort /
series...+ of +名词” 作主
语,其谓语形式取决于 of
前的 这 些 词 的 单 复 数
形式
This type of buses is now on show.
(但 Buses of this kind are now on
show.)现在正展出这种公共汽车。
a number of+名词+谓语
复数形式(许多)
the number of+名词复数+
谓语单数形式(……的数量)
ì
?
í
??
??
A number of students are from the
south.不少学生来自南方。
The number of students from the
north is small.来自北方的学生人数
很少。
如果主语由 “more than
one+名词”构成,尽管从
意义上看是复数,但谓语
动词用单数形式
More than one student has failed the
exam.不止一个学生考试不及格。
但: More students than one have
failed the exam.
a quantity of 后既可接复
数名词,亦可接不可数名
词,这时谓语动词都用单
数形式;quantities of 后接
复数名词、不可数名词,
后面的谓语动词都用复
数形式
There is a large quantity of milk.有
很多牛奶。
A large quantity of books is on sale
now.大量图书现在正在销售。
Great quantities of fish were caught
on the high seas.在公海上捕到了大
量的鱼。
With more forests being destroyed,
huge quantities of good earth are
being washed away each year.由于越
来越多的森林被毁,每年有大量的沃
土被冲走。
    单句填空
????????????Ten years   is (be) a moment in history.
????????????A third of his composition  has (have) been corrected.
???????????? A third of his compositions  have  ( have ) been
corrected.
????????????Some new forms of art   are (be) being discussed at the
meeting now.
五、定语从句、强调句型中的主谓一致
1.定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与其先行
词保持一致。
I am not the one who is afraid of difficulty.我不是害怕困
难的人。
Don????t choose me, who am not fit for this job.别选择我,
我不适合这个工作。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by
Mo Yan.这是莫言所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.她
是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的女生。
2.在强调句型“ It is / was+被强调部分+that / who+其他
部分”中,当被强调部分是句子主语时,“其他部分”中的谓语
动词应和被强调的主语保持一致。
It is I who am a teacher.我才是老师。
It is the boys who are responsible for the accident.是这些
男孩应为这次事故负责。
单句填空
????????????He is one of the boys who  have (have)helped me.
????????????He is the only one of the boys who  has  ( have )
helped me.
考点五 情态动词
    一、情态动词概述
1.情态动词的类型
(1) 只 作 情 态 动 词 的 有: must, can ( could ), may
(might),ought to
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall ( should),
will (would)
(4) 具有情态动词的某些特征的有: have ( had) to,
used to
2.情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它们要和行为动
词或连系动词连用,构成谓语。
(2)适用于主语的各种人称和数 (have to 例外,主语是
第三人称单数时,要用 has to)。
We / He must work hard.我们 /他一定要努力工作。
I have to walk home.我得步行回家。
He has to walk home.他得步行回家。
(3)后面接动词原形,即不带 to 的不定式 (ought to,have
to,used to 本身带有 to)。
He may lose his way.他可能会迷路。
You ought to obey the law.你应该遵守法律。
(4)具有助动词的作用,即可用来构成否定句、疑问句及
用于简略答语。
—I can????t swim. Can you swim? ———我不会游泳,你会游
泳吗?
—No, I can????t, either.———我也不会。
二、情态动词基本用法
(一)can,could
用法 例句
①can 表示现在一般的能
力,could 表示过去一般的
能力,即不表示做与未做
某事
Mary can speak 3 languages.玛丽能
说 3 门语言。
Tom could sing English songs at the
age of 6. 汤姆 6 岁就能唱英文
歌了。
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10  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
续表
用法 例句
②表示请求、允许。 在一般
疑问句中 could 可代替 can,
但比 can 语气更委婉,答语
要用 can
—Can / Could you help me?
—Yes, I can.
———你能帮我吗?
———可以。
③can 表示具体事情发生的
可能,常用于否定句、疑问
句,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相
信等意思。 can 表示理论上
的可能时可用于肯定句。
could 表示推测时比 can 可
能性小,可用于肯定句、否
定句和疑问句
That can????t be true.那不可能是真
的。 (具体事情发生的可能,表示
不相信)
Accidents can happen in this
weather. 这种天气可能会发生事
故。 (理论上的可能性)
It could be weeks before we get a
reply. 我们可能要等好几个星期才
得到回复。
④用于固定句型中:can????t...
too / enough(无论……也不
为过);can????t help doing sth. /
can????t help but do sth.忍不住
做某事;cannot but do sth.不
得不做某事
I can????t thank him too much.我怎
么感谢他也不为过。
I could not but admire her. 我不得
不佩服她。
    (二)may / might
用法 例句
①may 表示请求或允许,意
为:可以。 might 为 may 的
过去式,常用于间接引语
You may leave the book where it
was.你可以把书放在原来的位置。
She said I might call her at the
weekend. (间接引语) 她说我可以
周末给她打电话。
②may,might 表示推测,用
于肯定句, 意为 “ 可 能 ”,
may not 意为“可能不”, 如
表达“不可能”则用 can????t
This coat may be Peter????s.这件大衣
可能是彼得的。
This coat may not be Peter????s.这件
大衣可能不是彼得的。
③may 表示祝愿 May you succeed! 祝你成功!
④用于固定句型中:may /
might as well do 不妨,还是
做 …… 为 好; may / might
well+ do ( =be very likely to
do)很可能
So you might as well do what you
love. 所以你不妨做你喜欢做的
事情。
Her appearance has changed so
much that you might well not
recognize her.她的模样变化如此
大,你很有可能认不出她了。
    (三)must
用法 例句
①表示必要性,意为:必须,
其否 定 式 为 needn????t / don????t
have to
—Must I give up smoking? 我必须
戒烟吗?
—Yes, you must. 是 的, 你 必
须。 / —No, you needn????t / don????t
have to.不,你不必。
续表
用法 例句
② mustn????t 表 示: 禁 止, 为
may 作 “ 可 以 ” 讲 时 的 否
定式
You mustn????t smoke here.你不可以
在这里吸烟。
③表坚持,意为:偏要,非要
Must you make so much noise? 你
就非得弄出这么大声吗?
④表推断,用于肯定句,意
为:一定,准是
You must be tired after your long
walk. 你走了那么长的路,一定
累了。
    (四)shall
用法 例句
①征求对方意见,与第一、
三人称的一般疑问句连用
Shall I / he go to see you? 我 / 他去
看你,好吗?
②与第二、三人称的陈述句
连用,表示说话者的意志,
用来表达说话者给对方的
命令、 指示、允诺。 此种用
法还可用来宣布法律、规定
You shall have a new dress for your
birthday. 你过生日一定会有件新
连衣裙。
Each competitor shall wear a
number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号
码。 (宣布规定)
    (五)should
用法 例句
① = ought to,意为:应该。
可表示义务上的“应该”,也
可表示推测上的 “按说应
该”
You should / ought to be listening.
你应该听才对。 (义务上的 “应
该”)
He should / ought to arrive by now.
现在他按说应该到了。 (推测上的
“按说应该”)
②竟然
It????s strange that he should be late.真
奇怪,他竟然会迟到。
③用于条件从句中。 意为:
万一
If I should be free tomorrow, I????ll
come. 万一明天有空,我就来。
④与表示命令、建议、请求、要求的动词或名词连用
⑤用于表示与将来事实相反的 if 从句中
    (六)will,would
用法 例句
①用于各种人称,表示主语
的意愿和意志
He will / would take you home.他愿
意送你回家。
②与第二人称的一般疑问
句连用,表示请求、建议
Will / Would you go with me? 你愿
意和我一起去吗?
③will 用来叙述目前的习
惯;would 表示过去的习惯
He would get up early when he
lived in the country.他住在乡下时
总是早起。
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专题十三  谓语动词 11 
    (七)need, dare
分类 用法 例句
实义
动词
有人称和数的变化,可用
于肯定句、否定句或疑问
句中,构成否定句或疑问
句 时 要 用 助 动 词 do,
does, did
情态
动词
没有 人 称 和 数 的 变 化
( dare 可 以 有 过 去 式
dared),直接接动词原形,
主要用于否定句和疑问
句中,构成否定句和疑问
句时不用助动词
另外,dare 作情态动词时,还可
用于条件句中;作实义动词时,
dare 用于疑问句或否定句,后面
的 to 也可省略; I dare say 是习
惯说法,意为“我想,大概”
①He needn????t do it.(情态动词)
②He doesn????t need to do it.(实义
动词)
③Dare you jump off the high
wall? (情态动词)
④Do you dare(to) jump off the
high wall? (实义动词)
⑤He dared not do it.(情态动
词)
⑥He didn????t dare(to)do it.(实
义动词)
⑦Try it if you dare come here.
(情态动词)
   
①Although you can   find ( find) bargains in London,it is
not generally a cheap place to shop.
② Life is unpredictable; even the poorest  may / might 
become the richest.
③ Can / May / Shall  I have a word with you? It won????t take
long.
④The rule states that no child   shall  be allowed out of the
school during the day unless accompanied by an adult.
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    (八)“情态动词+have done”用法一览表
情态动词+have done 用法 例句
must have done
想必 / 准是 / 一定做了
否定式为:can????t / couldn????t+have done
It must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为路很泥泞。
can / could have done
1.本来能够做
2.过去可能会做
Can he have gone to his aunt????s?
他有可能去他姨妈家了吗?
cannot / could not
have done
1.过去不可能做
2.过去没能够做
He cannot have forgotten it.
他不可能忘了那件事。
may / might have done
也许 / 或许已经做了,一般只用于肯定句或
否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不
用于疑问句,用 might 则表示语气更加弱
It????s too late.I think he may have gone to bed.
太晚了,我想他或许已经睡了。
He may not have finished the work.
他也许还没完成那项工作。
should / ought to
have done
本该做而实际上未做
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
should not / ought not
to have done
本不该做而做了
You shouldn????t have told her the truth.
你本不该告诉她真相。
needn????t have done 本不必做而做了
You needn????t have taken a taxi here,for it is very near to your house.
你本来不必打车来这里的,因为这里离你家很近。
had better have done
当时最好做了(其否定式 had better not have
done 表达相反的含义)
You had better not have scolded her.
要是那时你没责骂她就好了。
would rather have done
宁愿当时做了 (其否定式 would rather not
have done 表达相反含义,两者都表示 “后
悔”之意)
I raised objections at the meeting,but now I would rather not have
done that.
我在会上提出了反对意见,但现在我宁愿没那么做。
would like / love to
have done
过去愿意做但未做成
I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work
extra hours to finish a report.
昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的,但我得加班完成一个报告。
12  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
    (九) 几组易混情态(助)动词
1.would,used to
用法 例句
would
表示过去反复的动作,
常与 every day, often,
frequently 等连用
When he was abroad, he would
often read as many books as
possible.在国外时,他总是尽可能
多地读书。
used to
表示过去的状态、习
惯,但现在已经不存在
She doesn????t get up so early as she
used to.她不像以前那样起得那么
早了。
    2.could,was able to,could have done
用法 例句
could
表示过去的能力,但不
表示是否做
He could ride a bicycle at the age
of 5.五岁时他就会骑自行车了。
was
able
to
表示过去有能力并且
成功地做了,相当于
managed to do sth.
The fire spread very quickly but
everyone was able to get out.火蔓
延很快, 但 大 家 都 成 功 地 逃 了
出来。
could
have
done
过去本有能力做某事,
但没有做
I could have worked out the
problem,but I was too nervous.我
本能够解出那道题,但当时我太
紧张了。
    3.must,have to
用法 例句
must
多表示主观需要或责
任感驱使有必要、有义
务 去 做 某 事, 意 为:
必须
I must clean the room because it is
too dirty.由于太脏了我必须打扫
房间。
have to
表示由于客观条件、环
境所迫而做某事,意
为:不得不
He has to leave school because he
can????t afford his schooling.因为他付
不起学费,所以不得不辍学。
    4.didn????t need to do,needn????t have done
用法 例句
didn????t
need
to do
过去没必要做某事,不
强调是否做
I didn????t get up that early yesterday,
for I didn????t need to.昨天我没那么
早起床,因为没必要。
needn????t
have
done
过去没必要做某事,但
做了
I needn????t have got up that early
yesterday but I had to because the
dog barked all the time.昨天我本不
必那么早起床,但是狗一直叫,我
不得不起床。
    5.can????t,won????t,don????t / doesn????t
The window won????t open.这扇窗户怎么都打不开。 (强调
实施者执意要打开)
The window can????t open.这扇窗户打不开。 (这扇窗户原
来设计时就不能打开。 是固定死的)
The window doesn????t open.这扇窗户开不开。 (强调这扇
窗户是坏的,存在质量问题)
考点六 虚拟语气
    一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在
事实相

过 去 式 ( be
动词用 were)
would /
should / could /
might + 动 词
原形
If I were you, I would
seize the chance.如果
我是你,我就会抓住
这个机会。
与过去
事实相

had + 过 去
分词
would /
should / could /
might+ have +
过去分词
If you had taken my
advice, you wouldn????t
have failed. 如果你
听了我的建议,你就
不会失败。
与将来
事实相

①过去式
② should + 动
词原形
③were to+动
词原形
would /
should / could /
might + 动 词
原形
If he shouldn????t come
tomorrow, we would
put off the meeting.
如果他明天不来,我
们就推迟这个会议。
    使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点:
用法 例句
①当条件状语从句表示的
行为和主句表示的行为所
发生的时间不一致时,被称
为“错综时间条件句”,动词
的形式要根据它所表示的
时间做出相应的调整
If you had followed my advice,
you would be better now.如果你听
了我的建议,你现在就好多了。
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现
在事实相反)
②在 if 引导的非真实性条
件 从 句 中, 谓 语 动 词 含
were,had,should,可将 if 省
略,但需将 were,had,should
提到主语之前
If I were at school again, I would
study harder. → Were I at school
again, I would study harder.如果我
还有上学的机会,我会更加努力
学习。
③有时假设的条件并不总
是通过 if 引导的条件从句
表达,而是隐含在某些词、
短语或上下文中,此种句子
为“含蓄条件句”,常见的词
或短语有:without, in case,
but for, for fear that,
otherwise 等
Without your help, we couldn????t
have finished the work ahead of
time.
=But for your help,... = If it had
not been for your help,... =Had it
not been for your help,...没有你的
帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项
工作。
④even if, even though 也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与 if 从句在虚
拟语气中的形式相同
    用所给词的适当形式填空
① If he  had caught  ( catch ) the morning train, he
wouldn????t have been late for the meeting.
②If we  had booked (book) a table earlier, we wouldn????t
be standing here in the long queue.
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专题十三  谓语动词 13 
    二、虚拟语气在 wish,if only( =how I wish), as if 后
的从句中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
从句谓语动词
与主句谓语动
词同时发生
过去 式 ( be 动
词用 were)
If only / How I wish I were a
flying bird! 我多希望我是
一只会飞的鸟儿啊!
He looks as if he were an
artist.他看上去好像是名艺
术家。
从句谓语动词
先于主句谓语
动词发生
had+过去分词
If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the
film! 我要是看过那部电影
该多好啊!
She speaks English so
fluently as if she had stayed
in America for a long time.
她说英语如此流利,好像她
在美国待过很长时间似的。
从句谓语动词
后于主句谓语
动词发生
would + 动 词
原形
He learns English so hard as
if he would go to the U.S.A.
他如此努力学习英语,好像
他要去美国。
    注意:当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存
在的事实时,as if 从句要用陈述语气。
It seems as if it is going to rain.似乎要下雨。
He walks as if he is drunk.他走起路来像是醉了。
用所给词的适当形式填空
③We wish we   could  ( can) fly into space by spacecraft
one day.
④She works hard as if she never   knew (know) fatigue.
    三、虚拟语气用在主句含“命令、建议、要求”的名词
性从句中
类别
名词性从句谓
语动词形式
例句
一坚持:insist
二 命 令:
order,command
四建议:advise,
suggest,propose,
recommend
五 要 求: require,
request, demand,
desire, urge
should+动词原
形, should 可以
省略
He suggested that we
( should ) start off
early the next day.
His suggestion was that
we ( should) start off
early the next day.
It was suggested that
we ( should) start off
early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早
点出发。
    注意:suggest 作“暗示”讲,insist 作“坚持说”讲,由于后
面宾语从句谓语动词不再后于 suggest 和 insist 发生,故宾语
从句的谓语动词不再使用虚拟语气形式(should+动词原形),
而使用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with
our work.他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个
人坚持说他没有偷钱。
单句填空
⑤He urged that a referendum   (should) be held  ( hold)
by December.
⑥He gave a proposal that the UN   (should)set  (set) up
an emergency centre for the environment.
四、虚拟语气用在“would rather+that 从句”中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
对现在或将来
的虚拟
过去 式 ( be 用
were)
I????d rather they didn????t hear
of the news.我宁愿他们没
有听到这个消息。
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词
I????d rather I had not told him
the bad news.我宁愿没有告
诉过他那个坏消息。
    五、虚拟语气用在“It is (high) time +that 从句”中
that 从句谓语形式 例句
过去式或 should+动词原形,
且 should 不能省略
It is ( high) time that you went /
should go to school.你们该去上
学了。
    单句填空
⑦It is high time that we   talked / should talk  ( talk)about
the problem.
⑧ I????d rather you   focused  ( focus ) more on your
learning now.
六、虚拟语气用在“It is necessary 等+that 从句”中
在 It is necessary / important / vital / surprising / strange /
natural / a pity / essential 等 +that 从句中,that 从句的谓语动词
用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。 should 表示感
彩,意为:竟然。
It is strange that the meeting (should) be put off till next
week.那个会议竟然被推迟到下周,真奇怪。
It is a pity that you ( should) have to leave.真遗憾你非
得走。
注意:以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。
It????s strange that he didn????t come yesterday.
It????s a pity that you can????t dance.
七、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
由 in case,for fear that,in order that,so that 等引导的目的
状语从句,其谓语动词用“could / should / might / would+动词原
形”表示虚拟。
They left early for fear that they would meet him.他们动
身很早以免和他碰面。
I (共61张PPT)
三年模拟
A组 2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
考点一 动词的时态和主谓一致
1.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,62)The traditional Chinese marriage usually  ????(involve) some
necessary procedures, such as matchmaking, engagements, meeting the bride, and three bows.
答案 involves 句意:中国传统婚礼通常涉及几个必要的步骤,比如:说媒、定亲、迎娶和拜
堂。本题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是中国现在的风俗,故用一般现在时;
主语The traditional Chinese marriage为单数第三人称概念,故填involves。
2.(2019山西太原期中考试,70)So far, the government   ????(offer) tax reduction for bookstores
to encourage the development of physical bookstores.
答案 has offered 句意:为了鼓励实体书店的发展,到目前为止,政府已经为书店提供了减税
政策。考查时态。根据时间状语So far(到目前为止)可知设空处用现在完成时,故答案为has
offered。
3.(2019海南儋州一次统测,61)President Xi Jinping   ????(express) deep sorrow on Friday over
the passing of the famous Hong Kong martial arts novelist Louis Cha Leung-yung.
答案 expressed 句意:周五,习近平主席对香港著名武侠小说家金庸的离世表达了沉痛的哀
悼。本题考查时态。根据本句中的时间状语on Friday可知设空处用一般过去时,故填ex-
pressed。
4.(2019河南洛阳期中考试,66)Shenzhen   ????(be) a coastal city on the east bank of the Pearl
River estuary, separated from Hong Kong by a natural river border.
答案 is 句意:深圳是一个沿海城市,位于珠江口东岸,被一条天然的界河与香港分开。考查
主谓一致。主语Shenzhen为第三人称单数,故答案为is。
5.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考,62)A new study  ???? (find) that elementary
school students who sleep little are more likely to gain pounds.
答案 has found 句意:一份新的研究发现:小学生睡眠越少,发胖的可能性就越大。本题考查
时态。根据宾语从句的时态(一般现在时)可推知设空处也需用“现在时”;设空处表示的动
作现在已经完成,故设空处用“完成体”。综上所述设空处用现在完成时,故填has found。
6.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,70)Being devoted to your work  ????(help) you to
feel calm.
答案 will help/helps 句意:专注你的学习会有助于你保持冷静。设空处为谓语,结合上下文
语境可知设空处表示现在或将来的情况,故用一般将来时或一般现在时。
7.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考,66)For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes  ????
(promise) that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, includ-
ing breathing problems.
答案 promised 句意:比如,1881年法国的一个香烟广告承诺其产品可“立即缓解”包括呼
吸困难在内的许多病症。本题考查时态。根据主语an 1881 advert(一则1881年的广告)可知设
空处用一般过去时,故填promised。
8.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,68)This morning he went to a computer show looking for his latest
project. He  ???? (buy) the parts cheaper than the ones offered by Gateway on the Internet.
答案 bought 句意:……他买的部件比Gateway在网上出售的那些便宜。考查时态。根据上
句中的This morning可知设空处表示过去的动作,且与主语he为主动关系,故答案为bought。
9.(2019江西红色七校二次联考,66)Say “thank you” to the guy behind the counter, telling him
that you appreciate how hard he   ????(work).
答案 works/is working 句意:向柜台后的那个小伙子说声“谢谢你”,告诉他你对他的努力
工作很赏识。设空处表示现在的习惯性动作或正在进行的动作,需用一般现在时或现在进行
时,故填works或is working。
10.(2019河南天一大联考二次考试,63)Secondary education  ???? (occur) mainly during the
teenage years.
答案 occurs 句意:中学教育大都在青少年时期进行。本题考查时态和主谓一致。本句是
对secondary education的一般性介绍,故用一般现在时。occur为不及物动词,没有被动语态形
式;主语为第三人称单数,故填occurs。
11.(2018山西晋中祁县中学月考,62)Xi Jinping, on behalf of the 18th Central Committee of the
Communist Party of China(CPC),   ????(deliver)a work report to the 19th National Congress of
the Communist Party of China, which opened on Wednesday morning at the Great Hall of the Peo-
ple in Beijing.
答案 delivered 句意:习近平代表中国共产党第十八届中央委员会向中国共产党第十九次
全国代表大会做工作报告,这次大会于星期三上午在北京人民大会堂开幕。根据句意可知设
空处用一般过去时,故答案为delivered。
12.(2018山东烟台期末,65)Feeding birds  ????(be)good for everyone. Birders enjoy watching
the birds, while the birds get enough food to survive in big cities.
答案 is 句意:给鸟喂食对每个人都有好处。观鸟者可以享受观看鸟的乐趣,同时,鸟儿也可
以得到充分的食物而得以在大城市生存。设空处前的主语Feeding birds为动名词短语,由此可
知设空处用单数形式;根据题干中的enjoy,get可推知设空处需用一般现在时,故填is。
13.(2018河北百校联盟联考,68)Over the years, table tennis  ????(develop)into a worldwide
sport.
答案 has developed/has been developed 句意:经过了这些年,乒乓球已经发展成了一项世界
性的运动。根据时间状语Over the years可知设空处用现在完成时;develop既可作及物动词,也
可作不及物动词,因此设空处可用主动语态也可用被动语态,故填has developed或has been de-
veloped。
14.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考,67)The museum  ????(become)a hit since it opened at the
end of October.
答案 has become 句意:自从10月底开馆,该博物馆便很受欢迎。根据时间状语since...可推
知设空处需用现在完成时,故填has become。
15.(2018湖北襄阳调研,70)In Sweden, and Quebec City in Canada, there  ????(be)no great dif-
ference in the number of obese children since the government banned food ads in children????s televi-
sion.
答案 has been 句意:在瑞典和加拿大的魁北克,自从政府禁止在儿童电视节目中插播食品
广告以来,肥胖儿童的数量没有发生很大变化。根据时间状语从句since the government
banned food ads in children????s television可知设空处需用现在完成时;there be句型的主语为no
great difference,故填has been。
16.(2018湖南株洲质量检测Ⅰ,70)China????s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Tele-
scope  ????(remain)the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.
答案 will remain 句意:中国的五百米口径球面射电望远镜在以后的10至20年仍会保持全
球领先的地位。根据时间状语for the next 10 to 20 years可知设空处需用一般将来时,故填will
remain。
17.(2018山西实验中学质量监测,65)Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, ????
????(be)carefully prepared according to local customs.
答案 is 句意:茶,一种在中国和许多其他国家很流行的饮品,是根据当地风俗精心准备的。
本句介绍一种事实,故用一般现在时;本句主语Tea为不可数名词,故设空处填is。
18.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ,68)She said she   ???? (notice) a big change in me and won-
dered why.
答案 had noticed 句意:她说她已经注意到了我的巨大变化并想知道为什么会出现这种情
况。设空处notice的动作发生在said之前,表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
19.(2017江西九江十校二次联考,65) However, thanks to the international agreement, there ????
????(be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.
答案 has been 句意:然而,多亏了这项国际协议,自1990年以来,非法捕猎少了很多。根据时
间状语since 1990可推知设空处用现在完成时;本句主语hunting为不可数名词,故填has been。
20.(2017山西晋商四校联考,66)They had to wait and  ????(hope)that someone would come and
help them.
答案 hoped 句意:他们不得不等待,希望有人来帮助他们。设空处与had to wait并列作谓语,
根据逻辑判断设空处应为一般过去时,故填hoped。
考点二 动词的语态
1.(2019河北保定摸底考试,61)There was once a Chinese man in the US who  ????(accuse) after
he used a certain form of TCM treatment to cure his grandson????s disease.
答案 was accused 句意:在美国曾经有一名中国人在使用某种中医疗法为他的孙子治病后
被起诉。设空处在定语从句中作谓语,先行词a Chinese man与accuse为被动关系,需用被动语
态形式;根据上下文可知设空处表示过去的行为,需用一般过去时。综上所述设空处填was ac-
cused。
2.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature,
Jin Yong????s novels   ????(consider) to be of very high quality.
答案 are considered 句意:根据《牛津当代世界文学指南》,金庸的小说被认为品质很高。
考查时态和语态。主语Jin Yong????s novels 与consider为被动关系,故设空处用被动语态;本句介
绍的是《牛津当代世界文学指南》中的内容,需用一般现在时,故填are considered。
3.(2019吉林省吉林市一次调研,61)Should naps actually  ???? (take) during the day?
答案 be taken 句意:实际上,白天应该小睡吗?主语naps与take为被动关系,谓语动词需用被
动语态形式。情态动词should被放在主语前构成了一般疑问句句式,故设空处填be taken。
4.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)The World Wide Web is composed of different websites,
which  ???? (create) by people and organizations around the world.
答案 are created 句意:万维网是由不同的网站组成的,这些网站由世界各地的人和组织创
建。考查语态。“which  ???? (create) by people and organizations around the world”为定语
从句,先行词为websites;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The websites  ???? (create) by people and
organizations around the world.句子主语the websites与create“创建”是被动关系,故答案为are
created。
5.(2019浙江金丽衢十二校二次联考,57)You are having breakfast with your family. Your daugh-
ter knocks over a cup of coffee onto your business shirt. What happens next   ????(determine) by
how you react.
答案 will be determined 句意:你正在和家人一起用早餐。你女儿将一杯咖啡打翻,弄到了
你的商务衬衫上。你的反应将决定接下来会发生什么。根据本句中的next及语境可知设空处
需用一般将来时。主语“What happens next”与determine为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语
态。综上所述设空处填will be determined。
6.(2019广东佛山教学质检Ⅰ,65)Young people are usually more willing to talk if they believe that
questions   ???? (ask) out of real interest and not because people are trying to check up on them.
答案 are asked 句意:如果年轻人认为人们提问他们问题是出自真正的兴趣而不是因为想
要监督他们,他们总是更乐意交谈。根据本句中其他动词的时态可推知设空处需用一般现在
时;主语questions与ask间为被动关系,设空处需用被动语态形式,故填are asked。
7.(2019河南天一大联考二次考试,66)Secondary education in the United States did not appear un-
til 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advanced technology in factories, which required
skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools   ???? (create), with a cur-
riculum focused on practical job skills.
答案 were created  句意:直到1910年,美国才出现中等教育。随着大公司以及先进技术的
出现,工厂需要技术工人。为了满足这种新的工作需要,中学出现了,其课程关注实用的工作技
能。 根据语境可知设空处表示过去的动作,需用一般过去时;主语high schools与create为被动
关系,故设空处用被动语态,综上所述设空处填were created。
8.(2018河南郑州一中六次测试,44)The walls of the cave were  ????(cover)with ancient art.
答案 covered 句意:该洞穴的墙壁布满了古代艺术。主语The walls与cover为被动关系,因
此本句需用被动语态,设空处前已有助动词were,故设空处填过去分词covered,与助动词were构
成一般过去时的被动语态。
9.(2018河北衡水中学五次调考,62)The term“third culture kid”  ????(use)in the 1960s for the
first time by Dr. Ruth.
答案 was used 句意:“第三文化小孩”这一术语是鲁斯博士在20世纪60年代第一次使用
的。根据时间状语in the 1960s可知设空处用一般过去时;主语The term与use为被动关系,故设
空处需用被动语态。综上所述设空处填was used。
10.(2018湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考,63)Up to now, Aesop????s fables  ????(translate)into many
languages and are known all over the world.
答案 have been translated 句意:迄今为止,伊索的寓言已被翻译成了很多种语言,闻名全世
界。根据时间状语“Up to now(迄今为止)”可知设空处用现在完成时。主语Aesop????s fables
和translate之间是被动关系,故设空处用被动语态;主语fables为复数形式,故填have been trans-
lated。
11.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考,63)A museum has managed to draw in lots of visitors to learn
about a century-old duck recipe. It  ????(build)for the public to understand the brand????s culture.
答案 was built 句意:一家博物馆成功吸引了许多游客来了解一个百年烤鸭配方。之所以
建立这家博物馆是想让公众了解该品牌的文化。根据第一句可知设空处应该用一般过去时;
It与build为被动关系,故设空处用被动语态。综上所述设空处填was built。
12.(2018河南天一大联考Ⅲ,65)Today, he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows
him to work his magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art  ????(create)in the lo-
cal parks.
答案 have been created 句意:现在,他如此擅长木雕以至于他居住的城市允许他在老树桩上
大显身手。到目前为止,他在当地公园里创作出了大约40件艺术作品。根据时间状语“so far
(到目前为止)”可知设空处用现在完成时;主语about 40 works of art与create为被动关系,因此
设空处用被动语态;主语works为复数概念,故设空处填have been created。
13.(2017湖北襄阳一次调研,69)Whistling by listeners   ???? (regard) as a sign of approval in
some countries.
答案 is regarded 句意:在一些国家,听众吹口哨被认为是表示赞同。主语Whistling与regard
为逻辑上的被动关系,故用被动语态。本句表示的是现在的现象,故用一般现在时,故填is re-
garded。
14. (2017江西九江十校二次联考,67) When they destroy a farmer????s crops, the farmer must  ????
 ????(pay) compensation.
答案 be paid 句意:当它们破坏了农民的庄稼时,农民一定要被支付赔偿金。主语farmer与
pay为被动关系,故设空处需要用被动语态;设空处前为情态动词must,故设空处填be paid。
15.(2017山西重点中学协作体一模,67)On one occasion, he  ???? (trap) by a snowstorm in a
vast mountainous area.
答案 was trapped 句意:有一次,他在广袤的山区里,被暴风雪所困。根据“On one occa-
sion”可知,设空处应该用一般过去时;主语he与trap为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态。综
上所述,设空处填was trapped。
B组????2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
单句改错
1.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Consequently,instead of giving us immediate
answers, he is always encouraged us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.?
     ????
答案 encouraged→encouraging 句意:因此每当他提出问题时,他并不是立即给我们答案,而
是经常鼓励我们独立思考。考查时态和语态。根据“puts forward”可推知主句也用现在时;
主语he与encourage为主动关系,需用现在进行时,故将encouraged改为encouraging。
2.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)One of my friends have sent me a short mes-
sage, saying that true friends are one soul in two bodies, which moves me very much and makes
me think what true friendship is.?     ????
答案 have→has 句意:我的一位朋友给我发了一条短信,说:真正的朋友是如影随形的。这
句话使我非常感动,并使我思考什么是真正的友谊。考查主谓一致。主语“One of my
friends”为单数第三人称概念,故将have改为has。
3.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Yesterday, my friend Tony and I decide to go swim-
ming in the sea.?     ????
答案 decide→decided 句意:昨天我的朋友托尼和我决定去大海游泳。考查时态。此句时
间状语是yesterday,表示一般过去时,故谓语用过去式decided。
4.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)The disadvantages of students bringing smart phones to school
is obvious.?     ????
答案 is→are 句意:学生们带智能手机上学的弊端是显而易见的。考查主谓一致。此句的
主语disadvantages为复数,故将is改为are。
5.(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟一次联考)We wanted to breathe the fresh air. However,when go-
ing out,we find it was cloudy and smoggy.?     ????
答案 find→found 句意:我们想在那里呼吸新鲜空气。然而,当我们走出去时却发现是雾霾
天气。考查时态。根据上下文可推知错误处用一般过去时,故将find改为found。
6.(2019安徽皖南八校一次联考)Many a child take what their parents do for them for granted.?
     ????
答案 take→takes 句意:许多孩子认为其父母为他们做的一切事情是理所应当的。考查主
谓一致。“many a +单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数。故将take改为takes。
7.(2019福建安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学期中)She had made huge
progress on the habit so far.?     ????
答案 had→has 句意:到目前为止,她在习惯上取得了很大的进步。考查时态。so far(到目
前为止)是现在完成时的标志,且主语是第三人称单数,故将had改为has。
8.(2019吉林省重点中学二次联考)Growing up, I didn????t have much ambition and I was wasted a
lot of time on video games.?????     ????
答案 删除was 句意:在成长的过程中,我胸无大志,把很多时间浪费在了打电子游戏上。I与
waste为主动关系,需用主动语态,故将was wasted改为wasted。
9.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考)She encourages us to think independently and have discussions
among ourselves when we faced with problems. ?     ????
答案 faced前加are 句意:她鼓励我们在面对问题时独立思考,相互讨论。be faced with为固
定短语,意为:面对……。主语是we,故在we后加are。
10.(2019山东师大附中五次模拟)I hated to fail in any sport, so I continued to try and finally man-
age to skate all the way down a slope (斜坡) without an accident.?     ????
答案 manage→managed 句意:在任何体育运动中我都不愿意失败,因此我继续努力,沿着斜
坡往下滑最后终于成功滑过全程,没有发生任何意外。根据本句中的“hated”“continued”
可推知错误处应该用一般过去时,故将manage改为managed。
11.(2018河南郑州一中阶段检测Ⅵ)Have you ever been to Wuzhen?It is so beautiful a village
that I had already visited it many times.?     ????
答案 had→have 句意:你曾去过乌镇吗?那是一个如此美丽的村庄以至于我去过很多次
了。本题考查时态。根据题干中的Have, ever been, is可知错误处表示“到现在已经去过很多
次了”,需用现在完成时,故将had改为have。
12.(2018河北五个一联盟二模)A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one
hour.?     ????
答案 last→lasted 句意:一个农民说这场暴风雨始于清晨,并持续了一个小时。本题考查时
态。根据题干中的said,began可推知错误处需用过去式,故将last改为lasted。
13.(2018福建龙岩2月质检)The goal of the concerts have always been about young people helping
other young people to spread love and kindness.?     ????
答案 have→has 句意:让年轻人相互帮助以传播仁爱一直是举办音乐会的目的。本题考查
主谓一致。本句主语goal为第三人称单数,故将have改为has。
14.(2018福建莆田3月质检)Bathed in sunshine, we jumped and cheer with joy.?     ????
答案 cheer→cheered 句意:沐浴在阳光下,我们高兴地欢呼雀跃。根据题干中的jumped可推
知错误处也应该表示过去的动作,故将cheer改为cheered。
15.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考)Online voting become increasingly popular, and many com-
petitions get people involved in it.?     ????
答案 become→becomes 句意:网上投票变得越来越流行,这使得许多比赛都让人们进行网
上投票。本题考查主谓一致。主语为Online voting,故将become改为becomes。
16.(2018河南天一大联考Ⅲ)In order to help me with my English, we spoke as much English as
we can when we were together.?     ????
答案 can→could 句意:为了帮助我学好英文,我们在一起的时候尽可能多地讲英文。本题
考查时态。根据题干中的spoke及句意可知需将can改为could(过去式)。
17.(2018河南郑州一次质检)After we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada.
?     ????
答案 come→came 句意:我们离开巴塞罗那后来格拉纳达住了几天。本题考查时态。根据
从句中的left可推知come这一行为发生在过去,需用一般过去时,故将come改为came。
18.(2018河南中原名校五次联考)In my opinion, it is time we throw away our mobile phones and
raised our heads.?     ????
19.(2017黑龙江大庆二模)She also suggested that I can introduce my culture to my classmates.?
     ????
答案 can→should或删除can 句意:她还建议我向我的同学们介绍我的文化。suggest在句中
意为“建议”,后接宾语从句,宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”或省
略should。
20.(2017宁夏银川一中一模)If only I can be successful like you.?     ????
答案 can→could 句意:我要是像你一样成功多好啊。If only...要是……多好啊。if only后
的句子应该用虚拟语气,故将can改为could。
C组????2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组
Passage 1
Ocean pollution  1???? (be) serious. It can  2???? (kill) ocean creatures and even harm humans. It????s
vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.
Pollution in the oceans severely  3???? (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often
mistake pieces of plastic for food. As  4???? result, their bellies  5???? (fill) with plastic from bot-
tles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals.
Ocean pollution  6???? (cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result  7???? disease among
swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might  8???? (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil
leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast
that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed
by pollution prove them wrong.
In  9???? (conclude), it????s clear that ocean pollution is a  10???? (challenge)problem. We need to
learn more about how to stop it.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。海洋污染不仅对海洋生物而且对人类都造成了危害,一些人认
为海洋如此之大,以至于可以吸收各种污染,然而事实表明他们的想法是错误的。
1.is 海洋污染很严重。本句讲的是现在的情况,需用一般现在时;主语为ocean pollution,根据
提示词be可知设空处填is。
2.kill 它会杀死海洋生物,甚至对人类有害。情态动词can后需加动词原形,故填kill。
3.harms 海洋污染物严重危害海洋生物。主语为Pollution,故填harms。
4.a 因此它们的肚子里充满了来自瓶子、容器以及海滩玩具的塑料。as a result为固定短语,
意为:因此。
5.are filled 考查语态。主语their bellies与fill为被动关系,故填are filled。
6.causes 海洋污染对人类也会造成威胁。主语为Ocean pollution,与cause为主动关系,故填
causes。
7.in 被污染的水会使游泳者生病。result in为固定短语,意为:导致,产生。
8.be poisoned 此外,人们会吃可能被石油泄漏导致的有害化学物质和海水中的垃圾污染的
鱼。“which might  8???? (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea wa-
ter”为定语从句,先行词为fish,与poison为被动关系,故设空处填be poisoned。
9.conclusion 总之,很显然海洋污染是一个具有挑战性的问题。本题考查介词短语。in con-
clusion意为:总之。
10.challenging 本题考查形容词。challenging意为:具有挑战性的。
Passage 2
These days,  1???? women and men  2???? (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on di-
eting, exercise and fashion. Gone  3???? (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a
nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things  4???? (change).
Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest
body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to
the pressure or influence of models we  5???? (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up  6????
a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody  7???? (want) to put in
the effort to have perfect muscles  8???? Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has
even  9???? (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男).
But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men????s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is
just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need
to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn????t forget beauty is only skin-
deep. Character is  10???? (important) than appearance.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。本文的主题为:人们对审美标准及行为的改变。
1.both 目前,无论男士还是女士都被充满了有关节食、锻炼和时尚建议的杂志和网站所包
围。根据本句中的and可推知设空处填both,与and构成“both...and...”结构。
2.are surrounded  主语both women and men与surround为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态。
3.are 为了显得睿智、英俊,所有男士考虑穿漂亮的西装的时代一去不复返了。本句为倒装
句。变为正常语序为:The days  3???? (be) gone. 设空处讲的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时;主
语days为复数名词,故填are。
4.have changed????事情都发生了变化。根据上下文可知设空处用现在完成时,主语“things”
为复数名词,故填have changed。
5.see/have seen 一些人认为这种突如其来的虚荣心是我们受在电视或在杂志上看到的模特
的影响导致的。本句中动作see表示现在的习惯性动作,也可表示开始于过去但持续到了现在,
故设空处用一般现在时或现在完成时(see/have seen)。
6.with 最终人们知道了完美的身体应该看上去什么样。end up with为固定短语,意为:以……
告终。
7.wants 但是并非每个人都想尽全力拥有像阿诺德·施瓦辛格那样的完美肌肉。主语every-
body属单数第三人称概念,故设空处填wants。
8.like 设空处表示“像”,与Arnold Schwarzenegger一起构成介词短语,故填介词like。
9.invented 一名投机的设计师甚至发明了一款增强肌肉感衬衫以使购买者看上去更像猛
男。根据设空处前的has可知设空处需填过去分词,与has构成现在完成时。
10.more important 本题考查形容词比较级。根据设空处后的than可知设空处需用形容词比
较级形式。
考点一 动词的时态和主谓一致
1.(2019江苏,22)The musician along with his band members  ????(give)ten performances in the
last three months.
历年高考试题汇编
答案 has given 句意:在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演
出。along with连接两个并列结构作主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语(The musician)保持一致;
根据时间状语in the last three months,可知谓语动词应该用现在完成时,故填has given。
2.(2019江苏,29)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith  ????(fall) in love with
the people and culture there.
答案 fell 句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。根据时间状语A
few months after he had arrived in China,可知谓语动词应该为一般过去时。
3.(2019天津,2)I   ????(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I
couldn????t manage it.
答案 had hoped 句意:我本希望送给彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了,但我没能做到。hope所表
示的动作发生在couldn????t manage之前,属于过去的过去,应用过去完成时。
4.(2018北京,1)—Hi, I????m Peter. Are you new here?I haven????t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I????m Bob. I just  ????(start) on Monday.
答案 started 句意:——嗨,我是Peter,你是新来的吗?我在附近没见过你。——你好,Peter,我
是Bob,我是周一刚来的。本题考查动词的时态。根据Peter所说的话可知现在Bob已经在这里
了, Bob针对Peter的提问解释他是周一来的,所以设空处用一般过去时。
5.(2018北京,4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and  ????(work) as a volunteer in the neighbor-
hood when I visited her last year.
答案 was working 句意:我去年去看望Susan的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志
愿者。本题考查动词的时态。从题干when引导的时间状语从句可知整句话描述的都是过去
发生的事情,看望Susan的时候她正从事志愿者服务工作,应用过去进行时表示。
6.(2018北京,7)China????s high-speed railways  ????(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the
past few years.
答案 have grown 句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高铁已经从9,000千米发展到了25,000千
米。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的时间状语in the past few years可知,句中谓语动词的
时态用现在完成时。
7.(2018江苏,31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we  ????(de-
velop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
答案 will have developed 句意:在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了,因为到那时我们
就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据时间状语by then(相当于by 2025)可知,设空处
需用将来完成时。
8.(2017北京,24)—  ???? (do)you call that company to see how they think of our product yester-
day?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
答案 Did 句意:——你昨天给那家公司打电话了解他们对我们的产品的看法了吗?——打
了,他们很满意。根据时间状语yesterday可知,谓语动词要用一般过去时,所以要用助动词do的
过去式did构成一般疑问句。
9.(2017北京,33)People   ???? (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they????re
living longer as a result.
答案 have 句意:相比以前,人们(现在)能得到更好的医疗服务,因此他们的寿命更长一些。
本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的than they used to可知,这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状
况,所以设空处应用一般现在时。
10.(2017天津,8)I   ????(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
答案 was driving 句意:我正在开车前往伦敦的路上,就在那时我突然发现走错路了。根据
句意可知此处是be doing...when...句型,表示“正在做……这/那时……”。根据语境可知用过
去进行时。
11.(2017江苏,24)The publication of Great Expectations, which   ???? (be) both widely reviewed
and highly praised, strengthened Dickens???? status as a leading novelist.
答案 was 句意:《远大前程》这本书被广泛地评价和高度地赞扬,它的出版巩固了狄更斯
作为最杰出的小说家的地位。本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据题干可以确定,which引
导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Great Expectations,是一本书的名字,因此定语从句中的be动词
应是单数形式。根据题干中的strengthened可知语境为过去的时间,因此设空处的时态为一般
过去时,故填was。
12.(2017江苏,31) He????s been informed that he  ????(do)not qualify for the scholarship because of
his academic background.
答案 does 句意:他被告知由于他的学术背景,他没有资格获得奖学金。本题考查动词的时
态。根据语境可知,宾语从句中所陈述的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时态。
13.(2016北京,21)Jack   ????(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.
答案 was working 句意:杰克正在实验室工作这时停电了。本题考查“be doing sth.
when...”句型。根据题干中的occurred(一般过去时)可知,设空处用过去进行时。
14.(2016北京,23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We   ????(wait)here for more than two hours.
答案 have been waiting 句意:——打扰了,你们在等哪部电影?——新拍的《星球大战》。
我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。本题考查动词的时态。设空处表示该动作从两个多小
时前一直持续到说话时,而且还在进行,因此用现在完成进行时。
15.(2016北京,25)I   ????(read)half of the English novel, and I????ll try to finish it at the weekend.
答案 have read 句意:这本英文小说我已经读了一半了,我将尽力在周末把它读完。根据句
意可知,动作read发生在过去,对现在产生了影响,故用现在完成时。
16.(2016江苏,29)Dashan, who   ????(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades,
wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
答案 has been learning 句意:大山学习中国传统喜剧形式——相声已经几十年了,他想把它
与西方的单口喜剧传统结合起来。根据句意以及for decades可知,学习这一动作从过去一直
延续到了现在,并且现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时;主语Dashan为第三人称单数,故答案
为has been learning。
17.(2016浙江,9)Silk   ????(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by
about 100 BC.
答案 had become 句意:到大约公元前100年丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路交易的主要货物之一。
根据句中的时间状语by about 100 BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去
完成时。
18.(2015北京,26)In the last few years,China   ????(make)great achievements in environmental
protection.
答案 has made 句意:在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据
时间状语In the last few years可知用现在完成时。
19.(2015北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann????s house?
—Not really.She   ????(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
答案 had given 句意:——你们找到Ann的家有困难吗?——没什么困难。她已经清楚地告
诉我们怎么走了,我们很容易就找到她家了。动词give表示的动作发生在“were able to find”
之前,表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
20.(2015北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I   ????(call)him later.
答案 will call 句意:——杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。——好的。我稍后给他打电话。本
句表示“临时决定”,故用 “will+动词原形”。
21.(2015江苏,30)The real reason why prices   ????(be),and still are,too high is complex,and no
short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
答案 were 句意:物价过去是,现在仍然是那么高的真正原因是复杂的,短短的讨论不可能对
此问题作出令人满意的解释。根据题目中 “and still are(现在仍然是)”可知过去也是一样的
情形,故用were。
22.(2015安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I   ????(leave)my book in the cafe.
答案 had left 句意:就在我到达校门口的时候,我才意识到我把书落在咖啡馆里了。根据语
境可知leave的动作发生在realized之前,所以用过去完成时态。
23.(2015福建,30)—Where is Peter?I can????t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and   ????(write)his essay there ever since.
答案 has been writing 句意:——彼得在哪里?我到处都找不到他。——他吃过早饭后去了
图书馆,从那时起一直在那里写文章。根据时间状语ever since可知设空处表示动作从过去开
始一直持续到现在且还在进行,故用现在完成进行时。
24.(2015湖南,22)As you go through this book,you   ????(find) that each of the millions of people
who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
答案 will find 句意:当你读这本书时,你就会发现数百万从第二次世界大战中活过来的人
中,每个人都有着不同的经历。本句中as引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来,故主
句需用一般将来时。
25.(2015湖南,25)I wasn????t able to hide my eagerness when I   ????(ask),“What do you wish me
to do now?”
答案 asked 句意:当我问:“你现在想要我做什么?”的时候,我掩饰不住内心的渴望之情。
根据题干中wasn????t可知此处为一般过去时态。
26.(2015湖南,28)He must have sensed that I   ????(look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and
said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”
答案 was looking 句意:他一定是感觉到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,然后轻声说道:
“为什么你那样盯着我?”根据语境可知此处为过去进行时态。
27.(2015陕西,22)Marty   ????(work)really hard on his book and he thinks he????ll have finished it
by Friday.
答案 has been working/is working 句意:Marty在他的这本书上确实很用功,他觉得周五前就
可以完成了。根据语境可知设空处用现在完成进行时或现在进行时。
28.(2015重庆,1)—Is Peter coming?
—No,he   ????(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
答案 changed 句意:——彼得要来吗?——不来了。在最后时刻接了一个电话后他改变了
主意。考查动词时态。根据语境可知“改变主意”应该发生在对话前的某一时间,即在过去
的某一时间,故用一般过去时。
29.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success   ????(be) a sum of small efforts made
each day and often   ????(take)years to achieve.
答案 is;takes 句意:记住这一点很重要:成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累,经常需
要很多年才能获得。根据句子结构可知,第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故
谓语动词用单数形式。
30.(2014北京,31)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute,I  ????(check) it for you.
答案 will check 句意:——现在几点了?——我不知道,不过等一下,我帮你看看。根据句意
可知答话者此刻也不知道几点,因此“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作,故使用一般将来
时。
31.(2014北京,32)I found the lecture hard to follow because it  ????(start)when I arrived.
答案 had started 句意:我发现我很难明白讲座的内容,因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。
题干中的语境为过去时,根据句意可知空格处发生的动作先于arrived,故使用过去完成时。
32.(2014重庆,8)James has just arrived,but I didn????t know he  ????(come)until yesterday.
答案 was coming/would come 句意:詹姆斯刚到,但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。主句的谓
语动词是一般过去时,从句的时态应用过去的某种时态,根据句意可知该空表示过去将要发生
的动作,所以要用过去将来时。
33.(2014福建,23)—Haven????t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and  ????(stay) there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.
答案 stayed 句意:——好久没见到你了!你去哪儿了?——我去宁夏支教了一年。答句由
and连接两个并列的谓语动词,根据went及句意可知,此处表示的动作发生在过去,“待”这个
动作与went这个动作几乎同时发生,故用一般过去时态。
34.(2014安徽,23)The twins,who  ????(finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on
the playground.
答案 had finished 句意:这对双胞胎已经完成家庭作业了,他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。
根据题干可知“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作发生在过去,而“完成家庭作业”这个
动作发生在“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作之前,是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成
时。
35.(2014陕西,22)During his stay in Xi????an,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends  ????
(recommend).
答案 had recommended 句意:Jerry在西安逗留期间,他几乎尝遍了朋友推荐的所有的当地
食物。由tried可知,定语从句要用相应的过去时态;“他的朋友推荐”这个动作发生在tried这
个动作之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
36.(2014湖南,28)Since the time humankind started gardening,we  ????(try)to make our envi-
ronment more beautiful.
答案 have been trying 句意:自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来,我们就一直在努力使我们的
环境更美。根据Since the time humankind started gardening以及try to make our environment
more beautiful这一动作现在还在进行可知,设空处需用现在完成进行时。
37.(2014四川,9)She  ????(phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away.
答案 was phoning 句意:她当时正在给某人打电话,所以我对她点点头走开了。根据句意可
知该空表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作,所以要用过去进行时。
38.(2014江西,24)—Tony,why are your eyes red?
—I  ????(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.
答案 have been cutting 句意:——托尼,为什么你的眼睛红了?——过去的五分钟里我一直
都在剁辣椒。根据本题中的 for the last five minutes 可以判断动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并
且可能现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时。
39.(2014湖南,32)All we need  ????(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds
of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
答案 is 句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植
各类果树。根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话
的语境为一般现在时,故填is。
考点二 动词的语态
1.(2019江苏,33)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals  ????(install) by 2022 for the Bei-
jing Winter Olympics.
答案 will have been installed 句意:他们正在努力确保到2022年时为北京冬奥会安装5G信
号终端。根据时间状语by 2022可知谓语动词应该用将来完成时,5G terminals与install之间为
被动关系,故用被动语态。
2.(2019天津,8)Amy, as well as her brothers,   ????(give) a warm welcome when returning to the
village last week.
答案 was given 句意:上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据句中时
间状语last week可知,此处需用一般过去时;当主语后面出现as well as, with, together with, a-
long with, instead of, rather than等词语时句子的谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。本句的主语
为Amy且与动词give构成被动关系,故答案为was given。
3.(2018北京,9)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who  ????(trap) in the moun-
tains for two days.
答案 had been trapped 句意:一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天
的游客。根据句中主句的谓语动词risked可知事情发生在过去,而“被困”发生在risked之前,
故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists,与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系,因
此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
4.(2018天津,13)My washing machine  ????(repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by
hand.
答案 is being repaired 句意:本周我的洗衣机正在维修中,因此我不得不用手洗我的衣服。
根据后面“用手洗我的衣服”可知这里表示“洗衣机正在维修中”,故用现在进行时;My
washing machine与repair为被动关系,需用被动语态。因此,设空处需用现在进行时的被动语
态。
5.(2018江苏,30)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan  ????(carry)
out in the past two years.
答案 had been carried 句意:上个月我被派到这个村子来检查那个发展计划在过去的两年
中的实施情况。考查动词的时态和语态。设空处表示的动作应该发生在主句谓语动词was
sent之前,属于“过去的过去”,且表示被动,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
6.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless
phones   ???? (invent) yet.
答案 hadn????t been invented 句意:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家中只有一部电话,而
且无线电话还没有被发明出来。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语之间是被动关系,且动作发
生在过去的过去,故要用过去完成时的被动语态。
7.(2017天津,6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,   ????(regard) as one of
the best all-round forms of exercise.
答案 is regarded 句意:现如今,与慢跑和游泳一起,骑自行车运动被视为最好的、全面的运
动形式之一。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语之间是被动关系。句子的主语是cycling, 谓语
动词要用单数。根据时间状语Nowadays可知时态为一般现在时。
8.(2017江苏,27)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he   ???? (follow).
答案 was being followed 句意:他匆忙往家赶,从未回头看看是否有人跟着他。本题考查动
词的时态、语态及主谓一致。根据句意可知,设空处需用被动语态,且表示当时正在被跟踪,从
句中主语为he,故填was being followed。
9.(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts   ????
(reward)with success in the end.
答案 will be rewarded 句意:学生们一直都很努力学习功课,最终回报他们努力的将是成
功。根据语境可知设空处需用一般将来时;their efforts与reward之间为被动关系,故用被动语
态。综上所述,答案应为一般将来时的被动语态。
10.(2016江苏,22)More efforts, as reported,   ????(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the sup-
ply-side structural reform.
答案 will be made 句意:据报道,为了加速供给侧结构性改革,在今后几年将做出更大的努
力。根据in the years ahead并结合句意可知,动作发生在将来,故用一般将来时;主语More ef-
forts与make为被动关系,故用被动语态。综上所述,答案为will be made。
11.(2015天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement   ????(reach)so far by the two
sides.
答案 has been reached 句意:尽管之前进行了多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有取得一致意
见。考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干中的时间状语so far可知此处应该用现在完成时,而a-
greement与谓语动词之间为被动关系,所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
12.(2015北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We   ????(treat)well by our hosts.
答案 were treated 句意:——你们在聚会上玩得愉快吗?——是的,我们被主人们招待得很
好。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去,且主语We与动词
treat之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动语态。
13.(2015安徽,29)It is reported that a space station   ????(build) on the moon in years to come.
答案 will be built 句意:据报道,一个太空站在未来几年将会在月球上被建立。本题考查动
词的时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语in years to come及space station和build之间为被动关
系可知这里用一般将来时态的被动语态。
14.(2015福建,26)To my delight, I was  ????(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the
opening ceremony.
答案 chosen 句意:使我高兴的是,在数以百计的申请者中,我被选出来参加开幕式。本题考
查时态和语态。主语I与choose为被动关系,设空处需用被动语态,故填chosen。
15.(2015四川,4)More expressways   ????(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
答案 will be built 句意:四川很快会建更多的高速公路来促进当地经济的发展。根据题干
中的soon可知设空处用一般将来时;expressways与build为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语
态。
16.(2014大纲全国,22)Unless some extra money  ????(find),the theatre will close.
答案 is found 句意:除非找到一些额外资金,否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知
unless引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来,且money和find之间是被动关系,故答案为is
found。
考点三 情态动词和虚拟语气
1.(2019江苏,31)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing, or we  ????(have)a good time together.
答案 would have had 句意:真遗憾啊!你错过了这次游览,否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉
快的时光了。根据语境可知,并列连词or在句中意为“否则,要不然”,为含蓄条件的一种表达
方式,后面的句子与过去的事实相反,故用“would have done”的形式表达虚拟语气。
2.(2019天津,14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they   ????(accomplish) the
task in half the time.
答案 would have accomplished 句意:工人们没有被更好地组织起来,否则他们用一半的时
间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟,需用would have done的形式。
3.(2018北京,12)In today????s information age, the loss of data  ????cause serious problems for a
company.
答案 can 句意:在当今这个信息时代,对于一个公司来说,数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。
本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知,语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性,且cause 为动词原形,
因此用can符合语境。
4.(2018北京,13)They might have found a better hotel if they  ????(drive) a few more kilometers.
答案 had driven 句意:如果他们再多行驶几千米,他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本
题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知本句为与过去事实相反的虚
拟,因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为had done,故填had driven。
5.(2018天津,10)I can????t find my purse. I  ????have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I????m
not sure.
答案 could/might 句意:我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了,但我不确定。
本题考查情态动词。设空处表示对过去事情的推测,且根据题干中的“I????m not sure”可推知
此处表示不确定的推测,故用could/might表示“可能”。
6.(2018天津,15)If we  ????(catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the
beach now.
答案 had caught 句意:如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班,我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的
假期了。本题考查虚拟语气。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,其谓语动词需用“had+过
去分词”形式。
7.(2018江苏,27)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I  ????(have) a second
chance to become more involved.
答案 had 句意:这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活,我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更
多地参与其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气,此处表达现在的一个
愿望,谓语动词要用过去式,故填had。
8.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,   ???? easily reach the books on the top
shelf.
答案 can 句意:Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩,他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。考查情
态动词。can意为“可以,能够”,表示能力,符合语境。
9.(2017北京,34)If the new safety system   ???? (put) to use, the accident would never have hap-
pened.
答案 had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。本题考查
虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的
事进行虚拟,因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境,可知用被动语态。
10.(2017天津,2)My room is a mess, but I   ???? clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
答案 needn????t 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它,我可以早晨打扫。
设空处表示不必,所以用needn????t。
11.(2017天津,15)—Do you have Betty????s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I   ???? (be) able to reach her yesterday.
答案 wouldn????t have been 句意:——你有Betty的电话号码吗?——有,否则,昨天我就不能联
系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,应该用would have done结构,此处要用否定形
式。
12.(2017江苏,22)  ???? (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome
her difficulty.
答案 Were 句意:没有老师们的支持,这个学生不可能克服她的困难。本题考查虚拟语气。
根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知,语境是对现在事实的虚拟,be动词在虚拟语
气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件状语从句省略了if时,从句部分应部分倒装。
13.(2016北京,31)I love the weekend, because I   ???? get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
答案 needn????t 句意:我爱周末,因为我不必在周六和周日早起。needn????t表示不必。
14.(2016北京,34)Why didn????t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you   ????(tell)me, I
could have helped.
答案 had told 句意:你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我,我本可以帮你
的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的could have helped和last week可知设空处为与过去事
实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为had told。
15.(2016天津,5)It was really annoying; I   ????get access to the data bank you had recommend-
ed.
答案 couldn????t 句意:真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根据It was really annoying
可知应用couldn????t。
16.(2016天津,15)I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn????t been wearing one, I would   ????(injure).
答案 have been injured 句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就受伤
了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为would+have
done。主语I与injure为被动关系,故需用被动语态,故答案为 have been injured。
17.(2016江苏,27)If it   ????(be)for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
答案 had not been/hadn????t been 句意:如果不是因为那天他的邀请,我现在是不会在这里的。
根据句意可知,本句为错综条件句。主句和现在的事实相反,从句和过去的事实相反,故从句谓
语动词为过去完成时。
18.(2015北京,34)If I   ????(see)it with my own eyes,I wouldn????t have believed it.
答案 hadn????t seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我是不会相信的。由主句谓语“wouldn????t
have believed”可知此处为与过去事实相反的假设,故if从句谓语动词应为hadn????t seen。
19.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble  ????I known the schedule.
答案 had 句意:要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。此处为省略if的虚拟条件从
句,had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。
20.(2015天津,13)I wish I   ????(be)at my sister????s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business
trip in New York then.
答案 had been 句意:要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了,可是那时我正在纽约出
差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。
21.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we   ????(have)nowhere to stay now.
答案 would have 句意:很幸运,我们预订了一个房间,否则,我们现在就没有地方可以住了。
由句意可知or前面是真实的情况,or后面是与现在事实相反的假设,故设空处用would do形
式。
22.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I   ????(dance)as well as her.
答案 danced 句意:Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的
宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。
23.(2015北京,29)—Can????t you stay a little longer?
—It????s getting late.I really  ????go now.My daughter is home alone.
答案 must 句意:——难道你不能再多逗留一会儿吗?——时间不早了。我确实得走了。我
的女儿独自一人在家。本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知,答案为must(必须)。
24.(2015浙江,4)It was so noisy that we   ????hear ourselves speak.
答案 couldn????t 句意:这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。根据语境可知此处表达
过去的能力,故用couldn????t。
25.(2014湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey  ????(be)present,he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
答案 had been 句意:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮
助。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事
实相反,故答案为had been。在虚拟语气中,如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反,条件从句
谓语动词为:had+过去分词,主句谓语动词为:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。
26.(2014福建,32)  ????(be)there no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for
weeks to get news from around the world.
答案 Were 句意:要是没有现代化的通讯工具,我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。
本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语动词would have to wait可知设空处表示与现在事实相反的
假设,if条件从句谓语动词应为“动词的过去式”,即If there were...,在虚拟条件句中可以省略
if,把were提到句首。
27.(2014重庆,3)I????ve ordered some pizza,so we  ????worry about cooking when we get home
tired.
答案 needn????t 句意:我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做
饭的事了。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知答案为needn????t。
28.(2014江苏,31)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,  ????bring me food.
答案 should 句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查情态
动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”。