专题七 语篇型填空 1
第三部分
语法知识应用
专题七 语篇型填空
对应学生用书起始页码 P169
专题七
真题多维细目表
卷名 年份
语篇
类型
主题
主题
语境
主题
语境
内容
考点
词性
转换
名词 /
数词
代词 冠词
介词、
动词
短语
形容词、
副词
谓语动词
非谓语
动词
连词、复
合句及
其他
课标
全国
Ⅰ
2019
说
明
文
人与
自然
人与
动物
????????????poor
变为
poorly
????????????believe
变为 belief
????????????the ????????????of / for
????????????形容
词比较
级
????????????现在
完成时
????????????一般
现在时
和主谓
一致
????????????不定式
作状语
????????????动名词
作介词
宾语
????????????同位
语从
句
2018
说明
文
人与
自我
生活
方式
????????????strength
变为
strengthen
????????????energy
变为
energetic
????????????名词
变复数
????????????代词 it ????????????than
????????????副词
比较级
????????????一般
现在时
和主谓
一致
????????????不定式
作目的状语
????????????动名
词作宾语
????????????动名
词作宾语
????????????定语
从句
2017
说明
文
人与
自我
生活
方式
????????????care
变为
careful
????????????名词
变复数
????????????不定
冠词
(As) a
( result)
????????????as
????????????形容词
比较级
????????????一般现
在时的被
动语态
????????????一般
现在时
和主谓
一致
????????????不定
式作主
语补足语
????????????动名
词作
介词
宾语
????????????定语
从句
2016
记叙
文
人与
自然
人与
动物
????????????attract
变为
attraction
????????????official
变为
officially
????????????名词
变复数
????????????it 变
为 its
????????????the
(other)
????????????动词
短语
(go
back)
to
????????????一般
过去时
的被动
语态
????????????过去
分词
作定语
????????????动名
词作
宾语
????????????定语
从句
2015
记叙
文
人与
自然
自然
环境
????????????regular
变为
regularly
????????????名词
变复数
????????????it 变
为 its
????????????by
(car)
????????????(段时
间+)
before /
earlier
????????????一般
过去时
????????????一般
现在时
和主谓
一致
????????????过去
分词作
定语
????????????现在
分词作
定语
????????????定语
从句
合计 8 4 3 3 4 4 8 11 5
2 5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
命题规律与趋势
01 设题方式
语法填空的设题方式分为给出提示词和不
给提示词两种,比例一直维持在 7 ∶ 3。
02 考点设置
形容词、副词、非谓语动词、谓语动词为近
五年语法填空的考查热点。 给出提示词的
设空通常考查:词性转换、形容词比较级与
最高级的变化、名词单复数的变化、动词的
时态和语态以及非谓语动词等;不给出提
示词的设空通常考查:冠词、连词、代词以
及副词等。
03 命题趋势
在未来高考语法填空试题中,对动词(谓语
动词、非谓语动词)、形容词、副词、名词的
考查仍会是考试热点;对于介词、动词短
语、复合句的考查仍会是考试的难点。
对应学生用书起始页码 P175
考点一 英语句子成分
(一)主语
主语相当于句子的话题或主题,即要说明的人或物。 能
用来作主语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句
等。 如:
1.My pen is green. 我的钢笔是绿色的。 (名词作主语)
The rich are not always happy.富人也不总是开心的。
(“ the+形容词”表示一类人,相当于名词)
2.Her pen is blue, and mine is red.她的钢笔是蓝色的,我
的是红色的。 (名词性物主代词作主语)
These are my books. 这些是我的书。 (指示代词作主语)
Who is absent today? 今天谁不在? (疑问代词作主语)
Is anything wrong with your umbrella? 你的伞有毛病吗?
(不定代词作主语)
3.Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你
的健康有害。 (动名词短语作主语)
Taking a walk is much better than staying at home. 散步
比待在家里要好得多。 (动名词短语作主语)
4.To see is to believe.眼见为实。 (动词不定式作主语)
It will take him 3 hours to go to the station on foot.他步
行去车站需要 3 个小时。 ( It 作形式主语,动词不定式短语作
真正的主语)
5.What the teacher said yesterday is important.昨天老师
讲的很重要。 (从句作主语)
(二)谓语
句子中用来说明主语的动作或存在的状态的部分叫谓
语。 谓语一般位于主语之后,谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动
词,它有时态、语态和语气的变化,并受主语人称和数的
影响。
谓语动词分类
(1)行为动词(或实义动词)具有明确的动作意义。 行为
动词分为不及物动词和及物动词,不及物动词本身词义完
整,可以独立作谓语,而及物动词本身词义不完整,必须后跟
宾语。
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 (believe 为及物动词,
后加 that 引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中 consider 为及物动词,
后加 our suggestion 作宾语)
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! ( fly 为不及物动词)
(2)系动词(或连系动词)起连接主语和表语的作用,本
身有一定的词义,它和实义动词一样有时态的变化,也受主
语的人称和数的影响。
It was late at night when we finally arrived.我们最后到达
时已是深夜。
Was there a pool at the hotel? 宾馆里有游泳池吗?
The dish tastes good.这盘菜尝起来很好。 ( taste 为系动
词,后加形容词作表语)
Gong Yue????s voice sounds so sweet.龚玥的嗓音听起来真
甜。 (sound 为系动词,后加形容词作表语)
(3)助动词可以协助主要动词构成不同的时态或语态,
也可帮助主要动词构成疑问句、否定句或强调句。 常见的助
动词有 be( am / is / are / was / were)、do( does / did)、have( has /
had)、will。
We are running in the playground.我们正在操场上跑步。
(are 帮助现在分词 running 构成现在进行时)
The flowers are often watered by me.我经常给这些花浇
水。 (are 帮助过去分词 watered 构成被动语态)
He doesn????t get up early every day.他并非每天起床都很
早。 (does 帮助 get up 构成一般现在时的否定式)
He does work very hard.他工作的确十分努力。 (does 帮
助行为动词 work 构成强调句)
Do you want to pass the exam? 你想通过考试吗? ( do
帮助 want 构成疑问句)
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their
work.到上月末为止,他们已经完成一半的工作了。 (had 帮
助过去分词 finished 构成过去完成时)
He will come here tomorrow.他明天将来这里。 (will 帮
助 come 构成一般将来时)
(4)情态动词
情态动词有一定的词义,主要用来表示说话人对某一动
作或状态的态度或看法,表示能力、允许、请求、必要性、可能
性等。 (情态动词的用法详见本书相关专题)
(三)表语
表语在句中用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职
业、(动作)方向或处所等。 表语需位于系动词之后。 可以作
表语的有名词、代词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、动名词以及
从句(表语从句)等。
Five years later, he became an engineer.五年后,他成了
一名工程师。 (名词作表语)
This is my dictionary. That is yours.这是我的词典,那本
是你的。 (代词作表语)
We must keep healthy. 我们必须保持健康。 (形容词作
表语)
My aim is to become a doctor.我的目标是成为一名医生。
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专题七 语篇型填空 3
(不定式作表语)
The movie is quite moving.这部电影非常感人。 (现在分
词作表语)
My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英文。 (动名
词短语作表语)
That????s why I want to stay here. 那就是我想待在这里的
原因。 (从句作表语)
(四)宾语
表示谓语动词动作对象的成分叫宾语,即宾语是动作的
承受者。 英语中,及物动词(或相当于及物动词的动词短
语)、介词需带宾语。 可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、动词不
定式、动名词、名词化的形容词以及从句(宾语从句)等。
I am reading a book. 我在看书。 (名词作动词的宾语)
I????m going to Beijing with my father.我计划和我父亲去北
京。 (名词作介词的宾语)
Yesterday, Tom????s mother looked after him at home.昨天
汤姆的妈妈在家照顾他。 (代词作动词短语的宾语)
What would you like? 你想要什么? (疑问代词作动词
like 的宾语)
Yesterday my father bought me a new bike. 昨天我父亲给
我买了一辆新自行车。 (代词 me 和名词 bike 分别作动词的
间接宾语和直接宾语)
We got lost and couldn????t find each other.我们迷路了,彼
此找不到对方了。 (代词作动词的宾语)
I like to play basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。 (不定式作动词
的宾语)
I think it impossible to climb the mountain. 我认为不可
能爬上那座山。 ( it 作形式宾语,动词不定式短语作真正的宾
语)
I enjoy listening to music very much.我非常喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作动词 enjoy 的宾语)
(五)补语
在英语中,需要在一些及物动词的宾语后加上一个补足
语,对其做进一步补充说明,意思才够完整和明确,该补足语
被称为宾语补足语。 能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不
定式和分词(现在分词、过去分词)等。
We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干
净。 (形容词作宾补)
We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。 (名词作宾
补)
Our teacher told us to play outside. 我们老师让我们在外
面玩。 (动词不定式短语作宾补)
I saw Jack playing under a tree. 我看到杰克在树下玩
耍。 (现在分词短语作宾补)
My father made me stay at home last night.昨晚我父亲让
我待在家里。 (不带 to 的不定式短语作宾补)
(六)定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子叫定语。 英语中的定
语可以前置,也可以后置。 独立的单词作定语时,习惯上放
在被修饰的词之前作前置定语;短语或定语从句作定语时,
应放在被修饰的词后面,作后置定语。 能作定语的有形容
词、名词、分词(短语)、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语以及定
语从句等。
The beautiful picture was drawn by a famous artist.那幅美
丽的画是一位著名的艺术家画的。 (形容词作定语)
The apple trees were planted 3 years ago.那些苹果树是 3
年前种的。 (名词作定语)
The boy under the tree is Jack.树下的那个男孩儿是杰
克。 (介词短语作后置定语)
The destroyed bridge was rebuilt last winter.被毁掉的那
座桥去年冬天重建了。 (过去分词作定语)
I know a boy called Tom.我认识一个名叫汤姆的男孩
儿。 (过去分词短语作后置定语)
The flying birds are moving towards the south because of
the coming winter. 那些飞翔的鸟儿正向南方迁徙,因为冬天
快到了。 (现在分词作定语)
The car running in the playground is my uncle????s.在操场
上奔驰的那辆汽车是我叔叔的。 (现在分词短语作后置定
语)
At last, we had nothing to eat.最后我们没有任何吃的了。
(动词不定式作后置定语)
I often go to the reading room in the evening.我经常在晚
上去阅览室。 (动名词作定语)
I know the two boys who broke the window yesterday.我
认识昨天打破窗户的那两个男孩子。 (定语从句)
(七)状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词、短语或从句
(状语从句)叫状语。 状语在句中可以表示时间、地点、目的、
原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随状况
等。 能作状语的有副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式及状语
从句等。
He plays the guitar well.
他吉他弹得很好。 (副词作状语)
Luckily, he didn????t hurt himself.幸运的是,他没伤到自己。
(副词作状语)
He works hard to earn money.他努力工作挣钱。 (不定
式短语作状语)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下
雨,我们就待在家里。 (从句作状语)
(八)同位语
所谓同位语,是指跟在某些名词的后面,对前者作进一
步解释、说明和补充的句子成分。 常用来作同位语的有名
词、数词、不定代词(each, both, all)、从句等。
The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money.那
个最小的男孩彼得拒绝接受那笔钱。 (名词作同位语)
We four were greatly touched to hear the old man????s story.
听了老人的故事,我们四个都很感动。 (数词作同位语)
They each have a dictionary.他们每人都有一本词典。
(不定代词作同位语)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth
trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖。 (从句
作同位语)
考点二 英语基本句型
1.主语+系动词+表语(SVP)
常见的系动词有:be (是),become (变成), look (看上
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4 5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
去),seem(看起来), appear (显得),get (变得), feel (摸起
来),grow(变得),turn(变成),remain(仍然是),fall(变成),
keep(保持),stand(保持),stay(保持),smell(闻起来),sound
(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。 常用作表语的有:名词、形容
词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句等。 如:
This machine is in good condition.
这台机器状况良好。
The garden smells pleasant.
这座花园香气怡人。
2.主语+动词(SV)
这一句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有直接宾语,
但常带有状语。 如:
The water is boiling.水开了。
The train will leave soon.
火车马上就要开了。
3.主语+动词+宾语(SVO)
这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,它必须带有自己的
宾语。 在英文中,当一个动词(包括单个动词和动词短语)作
及物动词用时,它必须要有自己的宾语(除非宾语在上下文
里很明确地提到过,为避免不必要的重复,才会省去),否则
会视为“句子不完整”。 如:
He has a sister.他有一个妹妹。
They wanted to have a rest.他们想休息一会儿。
4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)
这一句型中常见的谓语动词有: give (给某人……),
bring(带给某人……),tell(告诉某人……),send(寄给某人
……),leave(留给某人……),pass(递给某人……),read(给
某人读……),write(给某人写……),take(给某人拿……),
show(给某人看……),teach(教某人……),get(给某人弄到
……),award(授予某人……),lend(借给某人……),rent(租
赁给某人……),buy(给某人买……),pay(支付某人……),
hand(递给某人……)等。 如:
She brought me a shirt.
她给我带来了一件衬衣。
Pass him the dictionary,please.请将词典递给他。
5.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
此句型概括了这样一种情况:有些及物动词的后面常带
复合宾语结构(即宾语+宾语补足语),在这一结构中,宾语补
足语与前面的宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或系表关系。 宾
语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担
当。 常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有:elect(选举),feel(感
觉到),find(发现),get(使得),have(使,让),hear(听到),
imagine(想象),keep(保持),make(使),notice(注意到),see
(看见),let(使),smell(闻到),start(使……开始),watch(注
视,看),appoint(任命),believe(相信),call(称),catch(发
现),allow(允许),ask(请求,要求),cause(使得),consider
(认为),expect(预计),know(知道),tell(告诉),think(想,认
为),want(想要),wish(希望),listen to(听),look at(看,瞧)
等。 如:
We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
The president appointed John manager of marketing.
总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。
The news made me happy.那则消息使我很高兴。
我们记住以上五个句型并不难,重要的是要利用这五个
句型去阅读或写英文句子。 这样,再长、再复杂的句子也可
以被看成那么“几块”,即主语、谓语、宾语、补语、表语再加上
定语、状语。 这就如同“造框架建筑”,先定型,再完善。 我们
学语言也应该先从语言架构着手,再去解决细节问题。 这就
大大地提高了学习进度,从而也避免了那种“只见树木,不见
森林”的错误倾向。
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对应学生用书起始页码 P178
语篇型填空解题技巧
一、有提示词填空题的解题技巧
有提示词填空题要求使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,
主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副
词的比较级及最高级、名词的复数形式、词性或词形转化这
几种情况。
1.给出动词原形
当设空处后面给出动词原形时,设空处一般会考查动词
的时态,几种常见时态的被动语态形式或非谓语动词。
(1)考查时态或语态
第一步:分析句子结构,确定句中是否缺谓语。 如缺谓
语动词,则考查动词的时态和语态。
第二步:看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,
以确定用主动语态还是被动语态,同时还要根据语境考虑用
哪种时态。
第三步:要注意主谓一致。 如:
【例 1】
At that time, soda pop was sold in bottles,and they were
washed and ( fill) again.
解析:分析句子结构可知, 设空处为谓语动词且与
washed 并列,主语 they 与 fill 为被动关系,但设空前已经有了
助动词 were,故设空处应填 filled。
【例 2】
In Logan, three people ( take) to a hospital,while
others were treated at a local clinic.
解析:根据 were treated(一般过去时的被动语态)可知此
空需用一般过去时,根据语境可知此空还需用被动语态,又
因主语为 three people(复数概念),故答案为 were taken。
(2)考查非谓语动词
第一步:若句中已有谓语,且设空处不作并列谓语,应考
虑该空是否考查非谓语动词。
第二步:根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的
特殊要求或某些词语的特殊要求,确定用哪种非谓语动词形
式。 如作目的状语一般用不定式形式,而作原因、伴随、时间
等状语时,需用现在分词、过去分词形式;如作主语或宾语用
动名词或不定式;如作动词 enjoy,finish 等的宾语时,需用动
名词;如作动词 decide,refuse 等的宾语时,需用不定式。 如设
空前为系动词,需用现在分词或过去分词作表语。
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专题七 语篇型填空 5
第三步:确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系
还是被动关系。
第四步:根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生
的先后顺序确定用一般式还是用完成式。
【例 1】
When I was a young boy about 8 years old,my younger
sister and I got the idea to buy something for my mother for
Mother????s Day.Money was hard (make) .
解析:设空处所在的句子为主系表结构,根据句子结构
可判断设空处作状语,be+表示难、易、好、坏的形容词,后面
需用不定式的主动形式作状语,故答案为 to make。
【例 2】
( complete) the project as planned,we????ll have to
work two more hours a day.
解析:逗号后为一个完整的句子,逗号前既没有并列连
词也没有从属连词,故设空处应用非谓语动词作状语。 根据
语境可知设空处作目的状语,故需用不定式形式。 句子主语
we 与 complete 为逻辑上的主动关系,又因设空处位于句首,
故答案为 To complete(首字母 “ t”需大写)。
2.给出形容词或副词
当给出形容词或副词时,往往要求写出形容词或副词的
比较级或最高级形式;有时考查形容词与副词之间的转换。
第一步:分析结构,确定设空处在句子中作定语还是
状语。
第二步:根据结构、语境或句子意思确定是填比较级还
是最高级以及要不要加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。
【例 1】
Soon Charlie made friends with Patrick and his stepsister
Sara and they (gradual)became best friends.
解析:第二个 and 后的分句结构完整,故可判断设空处应
为副 词 作 状 语, 而 gradual 的 副 词 形 式 为 gradually, 故
gradually 为本题答案。
【例 2】
The water was simply the container for an act of kindness
and love.Nothing could be (sweet) .
解析:用 nothing 与 an act of kindness and love 相对比,这
里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级,因此答案是 sweeter。
【例 3】
The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could...He
jumped even (hard)and finally made himself out.
解析:联系前句和 even(更加)可知设空处用比较级,故
答案为 harder。
【例 4】
The higher you stand,the ( far) you will see.
解析:本题考查“ the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,故
设空处需用 far 的比较级形式,即 farther。
3.给出名词
当设空处后的括号中给出的提示词是名词时,一般考查
其复数形式和名词所有格等。
第一步:判断词性。 根据题干的语法结构,特别是空前
的限定词判断词性。 冠词、代词、数词、形容词等后应用
名词。
第二步:确定名词的形式。 确定词性为名词后,再确定
名词是否可数,用单数还是复数,用名词的所有格还是其他
形式。 如果是可数名词,则要根据设空处前的修饰语、谓语
动词的形式或语境确定是用单数还是复数。
【例】
She has turned down several ( invitation) to star at
shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析:考查名词单复数。 句意:为了专心致志地学习,她
拒绝了很多在走秀中担任主角的邀请。 invitation 为可数名
词,且由空格前的 several 可知,设空处应用复数形式。 故填
invitations。
4.词性或词形转化
词性转化多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与名词间的
相互转化,形容词与动词间的相互转化,动词与名词间的相
互转化等。
第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子
成分。 比如,修饰动词、形容词或副词或修饰整个句子作状
语,用副词;作主语或宾语,用名词;在冠词、形容词性物主代
词或名词所有格后,用名词。
第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
注意:有时不但要注意词性转化,而且还要考虑用表示
相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺;而且要特别注
意所填词的正确的拼写形式。
【例 1】
Jane knew from past experience that her (choose)of
ties hardly ever pleased her father.
解析:在形容词性物主代词 her 后,用名词或动名词形
式,而空后有 of 短语作定语,所以填名词 choice。
【例 2】
Despite Crabtree????s professional and family success, those
around her had noted her ( satisfy) with not finishing
school.
解析:由空前的 her 和空后的 with 可分析出,此处应该用
satisfy 的名词形式 satisfaction,而空后的 not finishing school
则进一步暗示,Crabtree 对此并不满意,故用否定含义的名词
dissatisfaction。
二、无提示词填空题的解题技巧
无提示词填空题需考生在不给出提示词的情况下填出
符合上下文逻辑、词法、句法的单词,主要考查代词、冠词、介
词、情态动词、并列连词、复合句、特殊句式等。
1.代词(不定代词、指示代词、替代词、it 的用法、人称代
词的主格和宾格、反身代词、名词性物主代词等)。
第一步:分析句子结构。 若句子缺主语,则要填代词主
格、指示代词、不定代词或 it;若动词或介词后面缺宾语,则要
填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或 it。 如果该宾语与主语
是同一人(或物),应用反身代词。
第二步:理解句子意思。 根据各个代词的意义和用法以
及句子所需的意义,填入合适的代词。
【例 1】
When stressors throw your nervous system out of balance,
relaxation techniques can bring back into a balanced
state.
解析:根据前后语境可知,此处应用 it 指代上文的 your
nervous system。
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6 5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
【例 2】
A strong memory depends on the health and vitality(活力)
of your brain.Humans are highly social animals,so relationships
stimulate(刺激)our brains—in fact,interacting with may
be the best brain exercise.
解析:由上文的关键信息词 social animals 和 relationships
分析可知,与人沟通即与“别人” (others)沟通是对大脑的最
好锻炼。
【例 3】
It is said that a short?tempered man in the Song dynasty was
very anxious to help rice crop grow up quickly.
解析:根据句意,这个急性子的人当然是急于使“他的”
禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词 his。
2.冠词、形容词性物主代词或限定词
弄清句子结构,设空处后为名词,设空处为名词的定语,
又无提示词,可确定设空处应填冠词(a,an,the)、形容词性物
主代词(如:my,your 等)或限定词(如:other,another,either,
both 等)。
【例 1】
Please spend time with those who make you laugh easily—
both at themselves and at life????s humorous events. Surround
yourself with reminders to lighten up.Keep toy on your
desk or in your car.Put up a funny poster in your office.Choose a
computer screensaver that makes you laugh.
解析:本段介绍的是如何使自己心情舒畅。 设空处后的
toy 为单数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词 a。
【例 2】
To say it is one thing,but to do it is thing.
解析:根据第一个分句中的 one thing 可判断设空处应为
another。 习惯用语 A is one thing, and / but B is another / it????s
one thing to do A, and / but it????s another thing to do B……是一
回事,(但是)……是另一回事;……和……截然不同。
3.介词
第一步:若设空处后是名词、代词、动名词或 what 从句,
且它们不作主语或动词宾语时,很可能就是填介词。 若设空
处前是动词且设空处后为名词、动名词,设空处也可能填介
词构成动词短语。
第二步:根据具体的语境或空格所在句的意思来确定填
哪个介词。
【例 1】
The only reason why a man would sell his house a
lower price would be that he needed money badly.
解析:a lower price 在句中不作主语,也不作动词的宾
语,应为介词的宾语,根据习惯搭配可知,应用介词 at。
【例 2】
...who should have the honour of receiving me a
guest in their house.
解析:由句意可知,他们把我“当作”客人来接待,所以此
处填介词 as。 短语 receive sb???? as...把某人当作……招待。
4.情态动词和助动词
若句子结构较完整,设空处后的谓语动词是原形、have
done 或 be doing 等,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一
致时,很可能填情态动词或用来强调谓语动词的助动词 do,
does,did;若构成部分倒装,设空处后需有主语,主语后需为
动词原形或过去分词、现在分词,这时需根据需要填 do,
does,did;have,has;is,am,are 或某些情态动词。
【例 1】
I explained that while I didn????t carry any cash, I
happen to have a new blanket,and asked him if he could use it.
解析:因谓语动词 happen 是原形,而前后的谓语动词都
是过去式,所以此处应填情态动词或助动词;“虽然我没有带
现金,但我的确恰好有一张新毯子”,故填助动词 did 来对谓
语动词进行强调。
【例 2】
Mike:You should consider eating healthier food and getting
some more exercise.
Jane:Hey,I started a diet and lost 10 pounds.
Mike:Then what happened?
Jane:Well,I quit and gained it back plus 5 pounds.
Mike:You have kept trying.
解析:根据上一句“Well,I quit and gained it back plus 5
pounds.”可知,此处用 should。 should have done sth.表示“本
来应该做某事,而实际上却没有做”。
5.并列连词或复合句
并列连词(and,but,or,so 等)
复合句(含定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)
定语从句考查关系代词( that,which,who,whom,whose,
of which,of whom 等)或关系副词(when,where,why);
名词性从句考查连接词 that, if / whether,which,who,
whom,what,when,why,where,how 等;
状语从句考查表示原因的从属连词(because,as 等)、表
让步的从属连词( though,although,as 等)、表条件的从属连词
( if,unless 等)、表时间的从属连词(when,while,as,before,
after,until,since 等)、表结果的从属连词( so... that...或 such...
that...等)。
第一步:分析结构,若句中有两个句子(有两个主谓结
构),且两句之间没有句号、分号,也没有连接词,设空处必定
考查并列连词或复合句。
第二步:根据两句之间的意义、逻辑关系或句式结构来
确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。
第三步:若是主从复合句,要根据从句的特点并结合连
接词的意义和作用来确定具体的连接词。
注意:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,也可能
填并列连词。
【例 1】
I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two
days I was to return to Guangzhou.
解析:因为 I wanted to...是一个句子,I was to return...也
是一个句子,且这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句
号,故可判断设空处一定填连词;根据句意和两句之间的逻
辑关系可知,“参观这个城市尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回
广州”之前,故填 before。
【例 2】
My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me
the bus arrived.
解析:由两句之间的逻辑关系可知,是“和我一起等着直
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专题七 语篇型填空 7
到公共汽车来”,所以用 until 或 till 引导时间状语从句。
【例 3】
Behind him were other people to he was trying to
talk.
解析:空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联
词,应填关联词;分析句子结构可知此处应填一个定语从句
的关系词,先行词是 people,关系词指“人”且作介词 to 的宾
语,故应选用关系代词 whom。
6.特殊句式(强调句型、倒装句、there be 句型、感叹句、
“祈使句+and 或 or+陈述句”结构、not only...but also...结
构、neither...nor...结构、either...or...结构等)。
【例 1】
...and was only after I heard she became sick that I
learned she couldn????t eat MSG(味精)!
解析:去掉空格后的 was 及后面的 that 后句子依然完整,
由此可知此处为强调句型“ It is / was...that...”,故填 it。
【例 2】
I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!
解析:根据标点符号可知本句为感叹句,设空处后为一
个句子,故设空处用 How,相当于 How much。
【例 3】
Not only Alice also Jane and Mary are tired of
having one examination after another.
解析:根据前面的 Not only 可判断设空处应填 but,构成
“not only...but also...”结构。
解题步骤
语篇型填空题的最大特点是在语篇中考查语法知识。
准确理解短文是做好该题型的前提。 这就要求考生要重视
提高阅读理解能力,平时可以选择一些难度中等的文章进行
精读、细读,研究文章的写作思路、组织结构特点等,从而强
化语篇意识。
1.通读全文,了解大意,把握特征,弄清文脉。 篇章层面
的理解主要包括文章的主旨要义,作者的观点、意图、立场,
句与句之间的关系以及时态变换四个方面。
2.巧用已知,降低难度,铺平道路。 有提示词的空格可视
为已知条件,充分利用。 所以,可先着手填有提示词的空格,
注意时态、语态和名词单复数。 所剩的空格越少,文章的大
意越清晰,难度也会相对降低。
3.理解句意,分析结构,大胆推测,各个击破。 理解了文
章整体意思后,必须要看清各个句子的意思,尤其是含空格
的句子的意思。 分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。
做题时,首先确定句子的“主谓宾”成分,看看该句子缺不缺
谓语动词,然后再考虑其他成分。 此时,要借助上下文的暗
示或明示,确定需要填的单词的词性、形式和功能。
4.重读全篇,仔细核查,语法正确,语义连贯。 做完题后,
应该静下心来,仔细复读全文,关注所填的词语是否符合文
意。 从语义连贯、逻辑合理的角度认真复查答案的合理性和
正确性,尤其注意动词、连词、介词的搭配以及名词的形
式等。
5.拼写准确,书写规范,大小写正确。 对于接触到的题,
力求吃透每个知识点,并通过练习来进行强化和巩固。
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(共175张PPT)
五年高考
A组 课标Ⅰ卷题组
Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfound-
land. While they are rare north of 88?, there is evidence 1???? they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of
polar bears as much of the range has been 2???? (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that
there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3???? tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-19
80s, and are expensive 4???? (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit
people in Nunavut 5???? (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to
a 6???? (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7???? (note) that
hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉)
that populations are 8???? (high) than they actually are. Of 9???? nineteen recognized polar bear
subpopulations, three are declining, six 10???? (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough
data.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。文章介绍了北
极熊的分布区域和北极熊数量的变化情况。
1.that 考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊,但是有证据表明它们在整个
北极地区活动,向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内
容,该从句不缺少任何成分,所以要用that引导。
2.poorly 考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分,所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。
设空处单词修饰动词studied,故用其副词形式poorly。
3.of/for 考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期就开始被采
用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。
4.to perform 考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来,费用很高。sth. be+adj.+to do,其中
不定式作状语,与sth.是动宾关系。
5.have reported 考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年,生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告
说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状
语In recent years可知,时态为现在完成时,主语some Inuit people为复数形式,故填have report-ed。
6.belief 考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾
语,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,故用所给动词的名词形式belief。
7.noting 考查非谓语动词。科学家们对此作出了回应,他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类
的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语,故用v.-ing形式,即by doing sth.通过做某事。
8.higher 考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的
than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。
9.the 考查冠词。句意:在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中,有3个数量在降低,有6个是稳定的,1
个在增加,还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指,故填定冠词the。
10.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知,本空需用
一般现在时;主语是six(subpopulations),故填are。
长难句 While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊,但是有证
据表明它们在整个北极地区活动,向南远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。
这是一个主从复合句。while引导的是让步状语从句,that引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内
容。
Passage 2 (2018课标全国Ⅰ)
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1????(long)than
non-runners. You don????t have to run fast or for long 2????(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,
be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3????(die)early by running.
While running regularly can????t make you live forever, the review says it 4????(be)more effective at
lengthening life 5????walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a
study published in 2014 6????showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk
of heart disease and early deaths from all 7????(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it????s probably running. To avoid
knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8????(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),
avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it????s always 9????(energy). If
you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so
perhaps we should all give 10????a try.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。
1.longer 句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题
干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。
2.to see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。
由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to
see。
3.dying 句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。本题
考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。
4.is 句意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑
步对延长寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需
用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
5.than 本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为
“比”。
6.that/which 句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只
跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定语从
句。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere 5 to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作
主语,故填that或which。
7.causes 本题考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知
设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。
8.strengthen 句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌
肉……。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。
9.energetic 设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。
10.it/running 句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同
样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it
代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。
Passage 3 (2017课标全国Ⅰ)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.
This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1????a method of fighting heart
disease, has had some unintended side 2????(effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very
thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3????(process)the food that we
eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4????(remove)
from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5????result, people will eat more food
to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6????(bad), the amount of fast food that people
eat goes up. Fast food 7????(be)full of fat and salt;by 8????(eat)more fast food people will get
more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and
will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9????(care)not to go to extremes. Like anything,
it is possible to have too much of both, 10????is not good for the health.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。本文介绍了低脂低盐食品对健康可能会造成的负面影响,并对
影响的成因进行了分析。文章认为:脂肪和盐的摄入量要足,并非越少越好。
1.as 考查介词。此处缺少表达“作为”意义的介词,故填as。
2.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势会有些非预期的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect为可
数名词,根据前面的some可知,应用复数形式。
3.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据require sth. to do sth.(要求某物做某事)以及其被动形式
sth. be required to do sth.(某物被要求做某事)可知此处填动词不定式。
4.are removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除,食物
尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知,状语从句中用一般现在时态,fat and salt作主
语,谓语动词用复数形式,主语与remove之间为被动关系,故填are removed。
5.a 考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的食物来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果;因
此。
6.worse 考查副词。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量会上升。even worse更糟的是,此
句与上句提到的情况相比较,故用比较级。
7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处用一般现在时态,主语fast food为不可数名词,
故系动词用is。
8.eating 考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式作by的宾语。
9.careful 考查形容词。句意:然而,小心不要走极端。设空处在系动词be之后作表语,故填形
容词。
10.which 考查定语从句。设空处指代前面的主句,引导非限制性定语从句,故填which。
Passage 4 (2016课标全国Ⅰ)
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia????s biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for
tourists like me, pandas are its top 1????(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket
money helps pay for research. I 2????(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre
centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3????(official)given to me
at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4????my days on a TV show
in the mid-1980s, 5????I was the first Western TV reporter 6????(permit)to film a special unit car-
ing for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7????(in-
troduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the
misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8????(it)mother.
The nursery team switches him every few 9????(day)with his sister so that while one is being bot-
tle-fed, 10????other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘。
1.attraction 考查名词。设空处作表语。句意:但是对于像我这样的旅行者,熊猫是成都最吸
引人的东西。attraction n.吸引人的事物。
2.was allowed 考查动词的时态和语态。由句子结构可知此处为谓语动词。主语“I”和动
词“allow”之间为被动关系,根据上句中的谓语动词was可知,文章叙述的是过去发生的事,需
用一般过去时,故此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.officially 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。
4.to 考查介词。go back to“追溯到,回溯到”,为固定短语。
5.when 考查定语从句。先行词the mid-1980s为表示时间的名词,且关系词在定语从句中作
时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。
6.permitted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
7.introducing 考查动名词。动词include后缺宾语,需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。
8.its 考查代词。此处为it的形容词性物主代词,意为“它的”。
9.days 考查名词的复数形式。few修饰可数名词复数,故其后的名词需用复数形式。
10.the 考查冠词。one...the other...“(两者中的)一个……另外一个……”,为固定结构。
Passage 5(2015课标全国Ⅰ)
Yangshuo,China
It was raining lightly when I 1????(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn????t care.A few
hours 2????,I????d been at home in Hong Kong,with 3????(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean
and fresh,even with the rain.
I????d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark
waters of the Li River 4????are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5????(painting).Instead,I????d
headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it????s only an hour away 6????car and of-
fers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 7????(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers 8????(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor
names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a
popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong
Kong,says it 9????(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people 10????(live)in Shanghai and
Hong Kong.
答案
1.arrived 考查动词的时态。由语境可知说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。
2.before/earlier 考查副词。由句子的谓语动词是过去完成时可知,该动作发生在“过去之
前”,故填before或earlier。
3.its 考查代词。此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词smog。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。先行词为the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li
River,指物,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词that或which。
评析 定语从句是高考语法的必考点。主要考查关系代词和关系副词的选用。试题难度不
大,关键是准确地找到先行词,然后判断关系词在定语从句中的句法作用。
5.paintings 考查名词的复数形式。名词前有many修饰,故需用复数形式。
6.by 考查介词。by乘,坐(交通工具等)。by car坐小汽车。
7.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是第三人
称单数,故填is。
8.conducted 考查过去分词短语作定语。主语a study和动词conduct之间为被动关系,故用过
去分词形式。
9.regularly 考查副词。修饰动词arranges应用副词形式。
10.living 考查现在分词短语作定语。被修饰的名词与动词live之间为主动关系,故用现在分
词形式。
评析 本题考查非谓语动词作定语。非谓语动词是高考语法考查的重点。本题同第8题一样,
考查分词作定语。解题的关键是弄清动词和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
高考热词
Passage 2 1.overweight/???v??we?t/adj.超重的,太胖的 2.mere/m??(r)/adj.仅仅的,只不过
3.be time poor缺少时间
Passage 3 1.the medical community医学界 2.unintended/??n?n?tend?d/adj. 无意的;非计划的
3.side effects副作用
4.recover from从……康复
Passage 4 1.fancy/?f?nsi/adj. 豪华的 2.backstage/?b?k?ste??/adv.到后台
3.switch/sw?t?/v. 转换 4.suspect/s??spekt/v.怀疑
Passage 5 1.limestone/?la?mst??n/n.石灰岩
2.a travel company一家旅游公司
B组????课标Ⅱ、Ⅲ及其他省(区、市)卷题组
Group 1
Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅱ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1???? (be) Britain????s oldest full-
time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily
at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2???? she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard
work have 3???? (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire????
s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4???? (declare) she had no plans ????
5???? (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don????t see any reason to give up work. I
love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6???? (make) over the years. I work
not because I have to, 7???? because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it re-
mained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don????t have any idea
who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8???? (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was
9???? joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her.
It????s 10???? (wonder).”
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为社区生活和生命的意义
与价值。文章介绍了90岁的英国全职员工Irene Astbury坚持每天朝九晚五地在自己和丈夫开
的宠物店上班而荣获“年度女性”称号的感人故事。本文旨在培养学生热爱劳动、终生奉
献的高尚劳动观。
1.being 考查非谓语动词作介词宾语。句意:一位90岁的老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员
而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。设空处作前面介词for的宾语,故此处需
填名词或动名词形式。又因所给词为be,故应填其动名词形式being。
2.which 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先
行词the pet shop。将先行词代入定语从句后为:She opened the pet shop with her late husband
Les.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,且指“事物”,故填which。
3.finally 考查副词。句意:在一位客户提名她为柴郡的年度女性之后,她多年的努力工作终
于得到了认可。根据文章中的句子结构可知,设空处修饰谓语动词,作状语,需要用所给词的副
词形式。故填finally。
4.declared 考查时态。本句为主从复合句。设空处作proud Irene的谓语动词。后面的she had
no plans...为宾语从句。根据上下文可知,设空处的谓语动词应该用一般过去时,故填de-
clared。
5.to retire 考查非谓语动词作定语。设空处作前面名词plans的定语。名词plan, ability等后面
多用不定式作定语。故填to retire。
6.have made 考查时态。句意:我喜欢到这里来看我的家人和我多年来交的所有朋友。
friends后为定语从句。根据后面的时间状语over the years可知,设空处应该用现在完成时,故
填have made。
7.but 考查连词。句意:我工作不是因为我必须工作,而是因为我想工作。根据句子意思可知,
设空处与前面的not构成“not...but...”(不是……而是……)结构。故填but。
8.saying 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:当我们接到一个说她入围了的电话时,我们认为这
是个玩笑。设空处作a call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现
在分词saying,相当于which said。
9.a 考查冠词。joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在此处表示泛指,故填a。
10.wonderful 考查形容词作表语。设空处作前面系动词is的表语,表示It的特征,故填
wonderful。
Passage 2(2019课标全国Ⅲ)
On our way to the house, it was raining 1???? hard that we couldn????t help wondering how long it
would take 2???? (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3???? dogs, seven to be exact. They were well
trained by their masters 4???? had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared
many of their experiences and 5???? (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For
breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
6???? (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7????
(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8???? (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our
week-long stay, we 9???? (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North
Shore under the stars, 10???? (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。作者一行人
冒雨来到了游玩的目的地。在这里作者受到了主人的热情接待。本文旨在培养学生的文化
意识。
1.so 考查副词。此处为“so+adv.+that...”结构,意为:如此……以至于……,其中that引导结
果状语从句。
2.to get 考查非谓语动词。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。故
填to get。
3.of 考查介词。首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声。a pack of dogs一群狗。
4.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入定语
从句后为:Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.由此可知关系词在从
句中作主语,所以要用关系代词who。
5.recommended 考查动词的时态。设空处与前面的shared是并列连词and连接的两个并列的
谓语动词,也应用一般过去时。
6.competition 考查名词。设空处作know of的宾语,结合空前的an interesting可知,此处应该用
所给词的名词形式competition。
7.traditional 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词,故用所给词的形容词形式traditional。
8.hugely 考查副词。设空处修饰后面的形容词,故用程度副词hugely。
9.were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是句子的谓语动词,由语境可知时态应为一
般过去时,该动作与主语we之间是被动关系,故填were invited。
10.listening 考查非谓语动词。设空处在此处作状语,表示伴随状况。该动作与主语we之间
在逻辑上是主动关系,故填listening。另外,由此处与and后的meeting的并列关系也可快速判断
出此处应用现在分词形式。
长难句 When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an in-
teresting competition to watch, together with the story behind it.在他们不工作的时候,他们会邀
请我们去参加一些当地的活动,让我们了解了一项观看起来非常有趣的比赛,还有这项比赛背
后的故事。
本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句;主句中由并列连词and连接两个并列的谓
语动词invited和let。
Passage 3(2019浙江)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the
school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the
school wears the uniform, nobody 1????(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears
2???? same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has
introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 3????
gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 4????(cycle) to school on dark morn-
ings, car drivers can 5????(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 6????this question is not clear. One
study in America found that students???? grades 7????(improve) a little after the school introduced
uniforms. But some students didn????t want 8????(wear) the uniform. Other American studies
showed no 9????(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 10????(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
Some very good schools don????t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils
at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,本文旨在增强学生的文化意识。文章介
绍了学生穿校服的好处,虽然校服能否提高学校的水平还不确定,但是大部分英国的中学还是
规定穿校服。
1.has/will have 考查时态。句意:当学校里的每个学生都穿校服时,就不会有人担心时尚问
题。根据从句中谓语动词wears(一般现在时),可推知设空处也需用一般现在时表示现在的客
观情况,故用has;也可认为设空处表示将来的行为,需用一般将来时,故也可填will have。
2.the 考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同样式的衣服。the same为固定短语,意为:同样的。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:在夹克的边上有一块布,这块布在黑暗中会发光。先行词
是cloth,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The cloth gives off light in the dark.由此可知,关系词在定
语从句中作主语,且先行词指“物”,故填that/which。
4.cycling 考查动词。设空处与walking并列,与are连用构成现在进行时,故填cycling。
5.easily 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰动词see,需用副词形式,根据提示词easy可知本题填
easily。
6.to 考查介词。名词answer与介词to连用,意为:……的答案。类似的名词还有key、en-trance、reply。
7.improved 考查时态。 句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服以后,学生的成绩略有提
升。根据句中的found和introduced 可知,此处为过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。
8.to wear 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:但是有些学生不想穿校服。want后需加不定式作
宾语,故填to wear。类似的动词还有decide、refuse、offer、promise等。
9.connection/connections 考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明,校服和学生在学校的表现之
间没有联系。no后既可以用名词的单数形式也可以用名词的复数形式。
10.traditional 考查形容词。设空处作表语,且表示主语的特征,故填traditional。
长难句 One study in America found that students???? grades improved a little after the school in-
troduced uniforms.美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服以后,学生的成绩略有提升。
这是一个主从复合句。that students???? grades improved a little after the school introduced uni-
forms为宾语从句;在这个宾语从句中,after又引导了时间状语从句。
高考热词
Passage 2 1.can????t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
2.greet/ɡri?t/ v. 迎接
3.private/?prа?v?t/ adj.私人的
Group 2
Passage 1 (2018课标全国Ⅱ)
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1????(grow)
more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2????past 25 years,
while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3????(actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed
chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn????s rise: The government encourages farmers to
grow corn instead of rice 4????(improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5????rice and creates
less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6????(pollute)in the country????s major lakes
and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7????(globe)fertilizer
consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the govern-
ment 8????(start) a soil-testing program 9???? gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers
—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8
million tons of carbon dioxide. China????s approach to protecting its environment while 10????(feed)
its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the
bank????s Juergen Voegele.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植
玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。
1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一
致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。
2.the 句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。
本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。
3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个
作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形
式actually。
4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高
水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动
词不定式作目的状语。
5.than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可
知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。
6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更
安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。
7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容
词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。
8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年
政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200
5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。
9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主
语,故使用关系代词that或which。
10.feeding 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使
用现在分词作时间状语。
长难句 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has in-
creased only 7 percent. 在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增
长了7%。
本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比,意为“然而,而”。
Passage 2 (2018课标全国Ⅲ)
I????m not sure 1????is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out
of nowhere. I????m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I
m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2????top of her lungs. That makes her ba-
by scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3????(loud)of all. The noise shakes
the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my
head to avoid 4????(look)directly into his eyes so he doesn????t feel 5????(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I????m a 6????(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I
was searching 7????these three western lowland gorillas I????d been observing. No one had seen
them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8????(they)alive. True to go-
rilla????s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9????(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“I
m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered, he allowed me
10????(stay)and watch.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很
凶猛,但它们并非是好斗的动物。
1.who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句。“ ????is more fright-
ened”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,故填who。
2.the 句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只大猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠
词。at the top of one????s lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。
3.loudest 句意:它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all”
可知设空处填副词最高级,故填loudest。
4.looking 句意:我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本
题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主
动关系,故填动名词looking。
5.challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动关系,故
填过去分词形式challenged。
6.scientist 句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语,说明主
语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist。
7.for 句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search
for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。
8.them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。
9.meant 句意:大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性,那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查
时态。根据上下文可知,本空用一般过去时,故填meant。
10.to stay 句意:一旦它的信息传递了,它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。本题考查非谓语动
词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补;又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系,故填to
stay。
Passage 3 (2017课标全国Ⅱ)
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just un-
der seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1????(crowd) on the roads above as they
travelled to and 2???? work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting
method. This included digging up the road, 3????(lay) the track and then building a strong roof
over 4???? top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5????(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6????(fair) unpleasant for
the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great
success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7???? every day.
Later, engineers 8????(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which
became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9????(introduce) of
electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10????(suc-
cess)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red car-
riages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁的起源以及它逐步成为
大众所喜爱的交通方式的发展历程。
1.crowds 本题考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容
词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,且前面无冠词限制,故需
用复数形式,在词尾直接加-s即可。
2.from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”,为固定表达法。根
据文中所给的travelled to and...可推断出空格内应填入介词from。
3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging 和下文的and then building可
知,此处用动名词作included的宾语。
4.the 本题考查冠词。此处是说地铁开挖、铺轨完成后,要进行最后的筑顶。此处表示特指,
因此应用定冠词the。
5.were used 本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是说“当初使用蒸汽机牵引地铁
车厢”,因此主语Steam engines和use之间为被动关系,且由上文可知叙述的是过去发生的事,
故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词需用were。
6.fairly 本题考查副词。此处是说伦敦地铁开通之初因使用蒸汽机而使乘客饱受烟尘和噪
声污染之苦。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词形式,故填fairly。
7.it 本题考查代词。此处是说伦敦地铁开通不久就广受欢迎,大量民众乘地铁出行。此处指
代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。
8.managed 本题考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故答案为动
词的过去式。manage to do sth.用于表示“成功地做了某事”。
9.introduction 本题考查名词。此处说地铁的发展得益于电力机和电梯的应用。由空前的定
冠词可知,此处需用名词形式,动词introduce去“e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。
10.successful 本题考查形容词。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级”结构。
Passage 1 1.a taste for对……的喜爱
2.run-off n.径流(指流入河流中的雨水或其他液体)
3.account for (数量上、比例上) 占
Passage 2 1.out of nowhere突然冒出来
2.charge toward sb.向某人冲过来
3.unaggressive/?n??ɡres?v/adj. 不好斗的,没有攻击性的
Passage 3 1.allow/??la?/v.允许,容许
2.avoid/??v??d/v. 避免
3.prove/pru?v/v. 证明, 证明是
高考热词
Group 3
Passage 1 (2017课标全国Ⅲ)
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward
to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not
spending half-term 1????(rest). Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as 2???? model in New
York.
Sarah 3????(tell) that she could be Britain????s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next
year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4????has
taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5????(prove) that she has brains as well as beau-
ty. She is determined to carry on with her 6????(educate).
She has turned down several 7????(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her stud-
ies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a
degree 8???? engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9????(come)
first. I don????t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10????(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a lit
-tle unreal. I don????t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can????t model any more.”
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,介绍了16岁的中学生Sarah在模特界崭露头角却依然以学业为重
的故事。
1.resting 考查非谓语动词。固定结构spend some time(in) doing(sth.)花费时间做(某事)。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:相反,她现在在纽约作为一名模特每天挣6,500英镑。model为可数名词,
此处表示泛指,故填冠词a。
3.has been told/was told 考查时态和语态。句意:Sarah被告知她可以成为英国的一名超模新
星,第二年就可以挣百万美元。根据语境可知Sarah与tell之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。此
处既可以用一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作,也可以用现在完成时态,表示过去发生的动作
对现在的影响。
4.who 考查定语从句。此句两个逗号之间的内容是对Sarah的情况的补充介绍,为非限制性
定语从句,修饰Sarah。设空处引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语。应该填入关系代词
who。
5.to prove 考查非谓语动词。此句说虽然Sarah曾与顶级模特一起参加过时装表演,但她想证
明自己除了漂亮的外表之外还有智慧的头脑。want to do sth.想要做某事,因此空白处应该填
入to prove。
6.education 考查词性转换。此句的意思是Sarah决心继续她的教育。空白处填入的词作介
词with的宾语,并受物主代词her的限定,必须用名词形式。所以须将动词educate变为其名词形
式education。
7.invitations 考查名词的复数。此句说Sarah为了集中精力学习,已经数次婉拒了出演时装秀
的邀约。由本题前面的限定词several可判断,invitation须用复数形式。
8.in 考查介词与名词的搭配。 此句说中学毕业后,她计划休学一年做全职模特,然后上大学
攻读工程或建筑方面的学位。本题前面的degree一词表示“学位”,在表达某一专业的学位
时,后接介词in。
9.comes 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此句意思是目前学业是第一位的。讲的是Sarah对自己
当前情况的理解,应该用一般现在时。主语school为第三人称单数,故谓语动词come应该加s,
变为comes。
10.certainly 此句意思是模特工作确实有趣,但那种生活方式有点不真实。空白处填入的词
修饰形容词fun,应为副词,所以考生应该将形容词certain转变为其副词形式certainly。
Passage 2 (2016课标全国Ⅱ)
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)
those of 1????(great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you????ll
feel a real sense of 2????(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3????(be) of-
ten acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4????our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So,get an
early start and try to be as productive 5????possible before lunch. This will give you the confi-
dence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6????(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7????
(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8????while, exercising, or doing
something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you????ll be less likely 9????(bring) your
work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10????
(make) sure it????s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
答案
[语篇解读] 如果在工作中你感到了压力,如何解决?作者给出了几种实用的减压方式,可让身
心得到放松。
1.greater 考查形容词比较级。根据此句中less,可知应该用great的比较级和less并列。
2.achievement 考查名词。根据介词of,可知设空处应该填名词形式,a sense of achievement一
种成就感,此处achievement是不可数名词。
3.is 考查主谓一致和时态。动名词作句子主语,谓语动词用单数形式且描述一般事实,故用
is。
4.on 考查介词。我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更集中注意力于我们的工作。be fo-
cused on集中注意力于。
5.as 考查短语。as...as possible 尽可能……。
6.studies 考查名词单复数。根据句中的谓语动词show,可知主语应该用复数形式,故填stud-
ies。
7.regularly 考查副词。此处应该用副词形式作状语。
8.a 考查冠词。for a while是固定短语,意为:一会儿。
9.to bring 考查不定式。be likely to do sth. 为固定短语,意为:有可能做某事。
10.make 考查祈使句。但是无论是什么事,确保它是消除日常压力的事情而不是另一件让人
担心的事情。
Passage 3 (2016课标全国Ⅲ)
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1????
Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic,
animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2
????(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hard-
woods and metal 3????(create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in
large pots, 4????(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5????the population grew, people be-
gan cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be
eaten easily with twigs which 6????(gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7???? lived from roughly 551 to 479
B.C., influenced the 8????(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind peo-
ple of killings and 9????(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat????
10????their hands.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了筷子及其发展的历史。
1.and 考查并列连词。此处表示并列关系而不是选择关系,其模式为“A,B,C and D”。故填
并列连词and。
2.be made 考查情态动词和被动语态。be made of表示“由……制成”,根据设空前的情态动
词might可知,此处填be made。
3.to create 考查不定式。此处不定式作目的状语。
4.using 考查现在分词。现在分词在此处作伴随状语。
5.as/when 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处用连词as/when引导时间状语从句。
6.gradually 考查副词。此处用副词修饰turned into。
7.who 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词Confucius(孔子)指人,故需用关系代
词who引导定语从句。
8.development 考查名词。由设空前的冠词the和设空后的of可知应用名词。
9.were 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由并列连词and连接宾语从句中的两个并列结构可知和
would remind并列的应为谓语动词,故用be动词的过去式,又因knives为复数形式,故用were。
10.with 考查介词。由语境可知设空处意为“用”,故填with。
Passage 4(2015课标全国Ⅱ)
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1????(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are
admired by even 2????most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,
what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3????(able)to “air condition”a house without
4????(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and
give out that heat 5????(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house.When a new day breaks,
the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6????(cool)the house during the hot
day; 7????the same time,they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8????(go)day after day: The
walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵
消)for the outside temperatures.As 9???? (nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
10????thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案
[语篇解读] 你见过不用空调就能自动调节温度的房子吗?美国西南部的普韦布洛村落的印
第安人就能修建这样的房子。本文介绍了普韦布洛村落的印第安人的神奇土坯房以及其自
动调温的过程和原理。
1.built 考查非谓语动词作定语。非谓语动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的被动关
系,故用built。
2.the 考查冠词。该空后面是最高级标志词most,表示“最……”,故用定冠词the。
3.ability 考查词性转换。该空由their修饰,根据句意及the/one????s ability to do的固定搭配可知
应填名词ability。
4.using 考查非谓语动词作宾语。该空前有介词without,故用using。
5.slowly 考查词性转换。该空修饰动词短语give out,故用副词形式。
6.to cool 考查非谓语动词作状语。“be+adj.+enough”后需用不定式作状语。
7.at 考查介词。根据固定搭配at the same time (同时)可知答案。
8.goes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。整篇文章均用一般现在时叙述,且This cycle为第三人
称单数,故用goes。
9.natural 考查词性转换。该空修饰名词architects,应用形容词natural。
10.how 考查宾语从句的引导词。此处说的是“普韦布洛村落的印第安人可以精确地计算
出土坯房的墙需要有‘多’厚”,故填how。
高考热词
Passage 1 1.carry on with sth.继续某事
2.turn down拒绝
3.concentrate on专注于;专心于
4.get/be absorbed in doing sth.专心做某事
Passage 2 1.achievement/??t?i?vm?nt/n.成就;达到,完成
2.productive/pr??d?kt?v/adj.富有成效的
Passage 3 1.so-called adj.所谓的
2.roughly/?r?fli/adv.大约
Passage 4 1.admirable/??dm?r?bl/adj.值得赞赏的
2.take in吸收
3.figure out计算出
Group 4
Passage 1 (2018浙江)
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1????(dish)is seen
as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2????come to China cook much less than in their own
countries once they realize how cheap 3????can be to eat out. I still remember 4????(visit)a friend
who????d lived here for five years and I 5????(shock)when I learnt she hadn????t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6????(become)common for many young people in recent
years, it????s not without a cost. The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be????
7????(afford)but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8????(high)cost on your
health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside
the home and the rise in 9????(weigh)problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum????s
home 10????dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also be-
gin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。作者发现一个让自己惊讶的现实:来到中国的西方人几乎
自己不做饭和越来越多的年轻人自己也不做饭。他们这样做除了花钱多还会付出健康的代
价。
1.dishes 句意:制作中国菜被认为是一件特别麻烦的事。考查可数名词复数。dish是可数名
词,要用其复数形式。
2.who/that 很多来到中国的西方人自己做饭的次数大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。
???? come to China是定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词表示
“人”,所以要用关系代词who/that引导。
3.it 一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语,真正的主
语是后面的不定式短语to eat out。充当形式主语要用it。
4.visiting 我仍然记得去拜访过一位在这里生活了五年的朋友。考查非谓语动词。空格处是
非谓语动词作宾语,根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”,应该用remember doing sth.,所
以答案为visiting。
5.was shocked 当我得知她那五年自己一次饭也没有做过时,我感到震惊。考查时态、语态
和主谓一致。空格处是句子的谓语,shock与主语I为被动关系,且根据learnt可知为一般过去时
的被动语态,故答案为was shocked。
6.have become 尽管近年来经常在外面吃饭好像对很多年轻人来说已经是一件很平常的事
了。考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.好像做某事。根据语境和句子中的时间状语in recent
years可知,此处应该用不定式的完成式,表示动作已经完成,所以答案为have become。
7.affordable 每周在外面吃饭一两次是可以负担得起的。考查形容词。空格处在句中作表
语,表示主语的特征,要用afford的形容词形式,所以答案为affordable(负担得起的)。
8.higher 这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。考查形容词比较级。根据even可知此
处应该用比较级形式,故填higher。
9.weight 考查名词。空格处是修饰后面的名词的。weight problems体重问题。
10.for 下一次去你妈妈那儿吃饭的时候,从她那儿获得一些做饭方面的建议。考查介词的用
法。根据语境可知空格处表达“为了吃饭”。应该用介词for表示目的。
Passage 2 (2017浙江)
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of
small 1???? (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and
she noticed a 2????(shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-
lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 3???? loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I
had hurt 4????(I),” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 5????(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6????(cook) a meal. When
she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters
—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn????t. Pahlsson and her hus-
band 7????(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of
finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8????(sweep) into a pile of kitchen
rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9???? it remained until the carrot????s leafy top accidentally
sprouted(生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10????wonder.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lena奇迹般地从自家的菜园里找到了她丢失了
十六年的戒指的故事。
1.carrots 根据a handful of可知,设空处应该用复数形式,表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜,因此用car-
rots。
2.shiny/shining 根据上下文可知,此处指“闪光的东西”,所填单词作定语,表示特征,因此用
shiny或shining。
3.so 此处考查so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。
4.myself 她认为我伤着我自己了。根据语境可知,此处应该用反身代词。
5.earlier 此处表示“十六年前”,earlier……之前。
6.to cook 此处用动词不定式表目的。
7.searched 此处所缺单词是谓语动词,讲述的是过去的事情,因此应该用一般过去时。
8.swept 此处表示“戒指可能被扫到了厨房垃圾里面”。根据语境可知,此处应该用swept。
9.where 此处所缺单词引导定语从句,并且在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用where。
10.a 此处所填单词用来修饰名词wonder,同时表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a。
Passage 3 (2016四川)
The giant panda 1????(love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 2????(recent) had
a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 3????(care) mother.
For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 4????(eat)! She would not let any
other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract
natural 5????(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front
paws much the way a human does. 6????it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little
comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7????more than two years. By
that time, the panda no longer needed 8????(it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and
learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 9????(drive) the
young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 10????it was also time for the young
panda to be independent.
答案
[语篇解读] 中国科学家有机会研究了一只野生大熊猫养育熊猫宝宝的过程。小熊猫出生以
后,熊猫妈妈片刻不离,悉心照顾孩子,两年以后,小熊猫跟妈妈学习生存技巧,两年半以后,小熊
猫离开妈妈独立生活。
1.is loved 考查动词的时态和语态。大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢是事实,应该用一般现在时;
panda和love之间是被动关系,故答案是 is loved。
2.recently 考查副词。此处需用时间副词。
3.caring/careful 考查形容词。mother是名词,需要用形容词来修饰,结合下文可知答案为car-
ing/careful。
4.to eat 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
5.enemies 考查名词复数。enemy为可数名词,天敌有多种,因此应用复数形式。
6.When/If 考查连词。此处引导状语从句,根据句意可知,当熊猫宝宝哭的时候/如果熊猫宝
宝哭,熊猫妈妈会轻摇并轻拍它。故用When/If,注意在句首,首字母应该大写。
7.for 考查介词。设空处后边的more than two years是一段时间,故用介词for。
8.its 考查代词。设空处是指“它的”,故用its。
9.drove 考查时态。此处指熊猫妈妈把小熊猫从身边赶走,此事已经发生,故用一般过去时。
10.and 考查连词。这是它再要一个宝宝的时候了,也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。空格前后
为并列关系,故用and。
Passage 4 (2015广东)
Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 1????farm,which looked al-
most abandoned. 2????(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or ex-
changed some of the milk in the towns nearby 3????other food and made cheese and butter for the
family with what 4????(leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow
was eating grass 5????it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away,she 6????
(fall)over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living 7????the cow.In order to sup-
port his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to
grow, he started cutting down trees 8????(sell)the wood. Thinking about his children????s clothes, he
started growing cotton too.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs,vegetables and
cotton in the market 9????people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 10????that his
farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了主人公Mr.Johnson的生活经历。
虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛,却在之后的生活中收获了更多,可谓“塞翁失马焉
知非福”。
1.a 考查冠词。本空后为单数名词farm,且第一次提到,故填a。
评析 冠词是高考语法考查的必考项之一,主要考查冠词表泛指或特指的基本用法以及冠词
的习惯用法。本题考查的就是不定冠词表泛指的基本用法。
2.Luckily 考查词性转换。本空修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,故填Luckily。
3.for 考查介词。exchange...for...用……交换……。
4.was left 考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,又因为
动作发生在过去应用一般过去时,故填was left。
5.when 考查连词。此句中when意为“这时”。
6.fell 考查动词的时态。此空前为主语she,根据语境可知应用一般过去时,故填fell。
7.without 考查介词。根据上文可知Mr.Johnson失去了他的奶牛,且此空后为the cow,故用介
词without。
8.to sell 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示他开始砍伐树木的目的,故填to sell。
9.where 考查定语从句。先行词是表地点的名词market,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故
填where。
10.him 考查代词。根据句型It occurred to sb.that...“某人想到……”及上下文中的人称使
用情况可知答案。
高考热词
Passage 1 1.desire/d??za??(r)/n.渴望;欲望
2.troublesome/?tr?bls?m/adj.令人烦恼的
3.affordable/??f??d?bl/adj.负担得起的
Passage 2 1.beneath/b??ni?θ/prep.在……下面
2.turn up找到,发现
Passage 3 1.lick/l?k/v.舔
2.pat/p?t/n.轻拍
3.drive away驱赶
Passage 4 1.abandoned/??b?nd?nd/adj. 被遗弃的
2.exchange...for...用……交换……
3.make great efforts to do sth.努力做某事
三年模拟
A组 2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
Group 1
Passage 1 (2019河南名校联盟2月联考)
Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday, 1???? is
the start of the holiday shopping season, and 2???? (be) the busiest shopping day of the year in the
US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday.They open their doors quite early in the morning and
try to attract shoppers 3???? big discounts. Black Friday is a great time to go 4???? (shop). How-
ever,there are problems. The 5???? (big) one is 6???? there are not enough low-priced items.
These items are in great need,so people stand in long lines 7???? (get) them. They may wait three
to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a TV or a computer at a low price,
8???? not everybody can get one. Some people leave, 9???? (disappoint).
The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have been
fights over toys among shoppers. Some workers have even been hurt by large 10???? (crowd). But
most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still,if you plan to go,you will expect a large number
of people and a bit of pushing.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了“黑色星期五”的来历,及美国人在“黑色星期五”的购
物情况。
1.which 句意:人们都知道感恩节后的那一天是“黑色星期五”,那天是假日购物季的开始,
在美国自2005年那天一直是一年中最繁忙的购物日。本题考查定语从句。根据设空处前的
逗号可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Black Friday,将先行词代入定语从句后为:
Black Friday is the start of the holiday shopping season.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语,先
行词指“事物”,故填which。
2.has been 本题考查时态。设空处与前面的“is”并列作定语从句的谓语,根据本部分的时
间状语“since 2005”可推知设空处用现在完成时,先行词Black Friday为第三人称单数,故填
has been。
3.with 句意:它们一大早就开门营业并采用大减价的方式尽力吸引购物者。设空处和后面的
big discounts一起作方式状语;设空处表示“用……”,故填介词with。
4.shopping 句意:“黑色星期五”是去购物的好日子。本题考查非谓语动词。go shopping为
固定短语,意为:去购物。
5.biggest 句意:最大的问题是没有足够的廉价商品。设空处作代词one的定语,表示“最大
的”,故填形容词最高级形式biggest。
6.that 本题考查表语从句。“ 6???? there are not enough low-priced items”作is的表语,该从
句不缺任何成分,故用that引导。
7.to get 句意:这些商品的需求量很大,因此为了得到它们人们要排很长的队。设空处与后面
的them一起作stand in long lines的目的状语,故填不定式形式。
8.but 句意:他们可能希望低价购买电视机或电脑,但是并非每个人都能买到。本题考查并列
连词。前后两个分句为转折关系,故填but。
9.disappointed 句意:一些人会失望而归。设空处作状语。主语some people与disappoint为逻
辑上的被动关系,且设空处表示状态,故填过去分词disappointed。
10.crowds 句意:一些工人甚至被大的人群伤害过。crowd作“人群”讲为可数名词,设空处
前没有冠词,由此可推知设空处需用复数形式表示泛指,故填crowds。
Passage 2 (2019河南天一大联考Ⅳ)
Go(围棋) is a board game for two players,in which the aim is to surround more territory than the
opponent. The game 1???? (invent) in China more than 2,500 years ago and is believed to be the
2???? (old) board game continuously played to the present day. A 2016 survey found that there are
over 20 million current players, the majority of 3???? live in East Asia.
The playing pieces are called “stones”. One player uses the white stones and the 4????, black.
The players take 5???? (turn)to place the stones on the vacant intersections (交叉点) of a board.
Once 6???? (place) on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones are removed from the board
if “captured(捕获)”. Capture happens when a stone or a group of stones is surrounded by op-
posing stones on all points. The game goes on until neither player wishes to make another move.
When a game 7???? (come)to an end, the winner is determined by 8???? (count) each player????s
surrounded territory along with captured stones and komi (贴目). A teacher might 9???? (simple)
the explanation by saying to a student “you may place your stone on any point on the board, but if
I surround that stone, I will remove 10????.”
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了围棋的历史、游戏规则、发展现状等。
1.was invented 句意:2,500多年前,该游戏发明于中国,人们认为它是至今为止一直被玩的最
古老的棋类游戏。本题考查时态和语态。主语the game与invent为被动关系,故本空需用被动
语态;根据时间状语more than 2,500 years ago可知设空处用一般过去时,故设空处填was in-
vented。
2.oldest 根据设空处前的the及上下文逻辑可知设空处用形容词最高级形式,故填oldest。
3.whom 句意:2016年的一次调查发现目前有两千多万玩家,他们中的大多数都生活在东亚。
本句无从属连词,也无并列连词,只有一个逗号连接两个部分,由此可推知本题考查非限制性定
语从句。先行词为players,关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,先行词指“人”且介词位于
设空处之前,故填whom。
4.other 句意:一位选手用白子,另外一个用黑子。根据常识可知围棋比赛在两个选手间进行,
根据本句中的One可知设空处填other,与设空处前的the构成the other,表示两者中的另一方。
5.turns 句意:选手在棋盘上的空的交叉点轮流置子。本题考查动词短语。take turns to do
sth.为固定短语,意为:轮流做某事。
6.placed 句意:一旦被放在棋盘上,棋子就不能被移动……。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
主语stones与place为逻辑上的被动关系,且表示完成,故填过去分词placed。
7.comes 此处表示:当游戏结束时,通过数每个选手被捕获的棋子和贴目的个数决定胜负。
本句介绍围棋的规则,需用一般现在时,故填comes。
8.counting 设空处前为介词,设空处作介词by的宾语,故填动名词counting。
9.simplify 根据设空处前的情态动词might可知设空处填动词原形;根据提示词simple可知设
空处填simplify,意为:简化。
10.it 此处表示:你可以将棋子放在棋盘的任何一个点上,但是如果我包围了那颗棋子,我就会
将其拿掉。设空处作宾语,指代“that stone”,故填代词it。
Passage 3 (2019山西百日冲刺考试)
The Truth about Whisky
Whisky is probably 1???? most famous product of Scotland. Whisky making provides work 2????
several thousand people in the Scottish Highlands and islands, and whisky is Scotland????s biggest
goods 3????(sell) to every corner of the world.
The qualities of whisky come from the water which 4????(use) to make it the rich “peaty”(多泥
炭的) water of Scotland. When whisky is first made, it is 5????(actual) clear, not brown in colour.
The colour comes from the wooden 6????(container) in which the whisky is stored for several
years to allow it 7????(mature) from a little added sugar.
For many years, whisky has been one of the most popular drinks all over the world, and Scotland
8????(produce) more and more of it so far. But whisky sales have not increased as fast, so there
are now large reserves of whisky in Scotland, especially the better and 9????(much) expensive
whisky. So a lot of the whisky sold today was made several years ago when people thought that
whisky would get more and more popular. That is 10????, today, a lot of the whisky in the shops
is marked with “Ten years old”, or even “Fifteen years old”.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。威士忌是苏格兰的特产,它为苏格兰提供了许多就业岗位并出
口到世界各地。
1.the 句意:威士忌可能是苏格兰最著名的产品。设空处后的most famous为形容词famous的
最高级形式,故填定冠词the。
2.for 此处表示:威士忌制造为苏格兰高地及岛屿上的几千人提供工作机会。provide sth. for
sb.为固定短语,意为:提供某物给某人。
3.sold 此处表示:威士忌是销往世界各地最多的商品。考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词
goods与sell为逻辑上的被动关系,且设空处表示完成,故填过去分词sold。
4.is used 根据设空处前的which可知“which 4????(use) to make it the rich ‘peaty’(多泥炭
的) water of Scotland”为定语从句,先行词为the water,设空处在定语从句中作谓语,先行词与
use为被动关系,由此可知设空处需用被动语态,故填is used。
5.actually 句意:当威士忌刚被酿出时,它的颜色实际上是清澈的,而不是棕色的。设空处作状
语,需用副词形式,根据提示词可知设空处填actually。
6.containers 此处表示:威士忌的颜色来自储存它好几年的木质容器。根据常识可知设空处
需用名词复数形式,故填containers。
7.to mature 威士忌在容器中储存好几年,通过加上一点点糖使之发酵成熟。考查非谓语动词
作宾补。“allow+宾语+不定式”为固定搭配,故填to mature。
8.has produced 句意:多年来威士忌一直是世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一,到目前为止苏格兰生
产的威士忌也越来越多。根据时间状语so far可知设空处用现在完成时,故填has produced。
9.more 句意:但是威士忌的销量并没有增长得那么快,所以苏格兰现在有大量的威士忌储备,
特别是那些质好价高的威士忌。根据前面的better可知设空处需填more,与expensive一起构成
比较级,作whisky的定语。
10.why 句意:因此现在销售的许多威士忌都是几年前生产的,当时人们认为威士忌会越来越
受欢迎。那就是为什么现在商店里有许多威士忌都标有“十年”,甚至“十五年”。考查表
语从句。设空处填why来引导表语从句,意为:为什么,……的原因。
Group 2
Passage 1 (2019江西重点中学盟校一联)
When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a “Chinese century”,
they are full of reasons. 1????America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for
an important share of global change. Since 2???? start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example,
China has accounted 3????45% of the gain in world GDP. In 1990 about 750 million Chinese peo-
ple lived in extreme 4????(poor); today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in terms of
purchasing power, 5???? (rise) ten times since 1990.
China????s 6????(amaze) performance has greatly affected the world????s economic output. The
Economist has worked out a geographic centre of the global economy by taking an average of each
country????s latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7????(measure) by 8???? (it) GDP. At the height of
America????s control, this point previously sat in the north Atlantic. But China has pulled it so far
east 9???? the global centre of economic gravity 10????(be) now in Siberia.
答案
[语篇解读] 国际关系学者预言21世纪将是“中国的世纪”,本文介绍了这些学者做出这种
预言的理由。
1.Although/Though/While 句意:尽管美国仍然是唯一的超级大国,但中国已经是影响全球变
化的重要的力量。根据句意,此处应引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While“虽然,
尽管”。
2.the 句意:比如,自从2008年金融危机爆发以来,中国已经占了世界GDP增长的45%。此处特
指“2008年金融危机爆发”,应使用定冠词,故填the。
3.for account for为固定短语,意为:占(……比例)。
4.poverty 句意:1990年中国有大约7.5亿人处于极度贫困中,而现在的贫困人口不足1000万。
考查名词。根据空前介词in及形容词extreme可知,此处应使用名词“贫困”。故填poverty。
5.has risen 句意:自1990年以来,从购买力方面来看其人均GDP已经上升了10倍。考查时态。
根据时间状语since 1990可知,此处应使用现在完成时。故填has risen。
6.amazing 句意:中国的惊人成就极大影响了世界经济产出。设空处作名词performance的定
语,需用形容词;amazing 意为:惊人的。
7.measured 句意:《经济学人》通过取每个国家经纬度的平均值,经GDP加权,测算出全球经
济的地理中心位置。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。an average of each country????s latitude and
longitude与measure为逻辑上的被动关系且设空处表示完成,需填过去分词measured。
8.its 考查代词。此处指代each country????s,应使用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
9.that 句意:在美国统治的巅峰时期,这个中心点曾在北大西洋。但是中国把经济重心往东
拉,现在全球经济重心已经到了西伯利亚。本题考查结果状语从句。根据设空处前的“so”
可知设空处填that,构成“so...that...”句式,意为:如此……以至于……。
10.is 考查时态。根据句意及句中时间状语now可知设空处需用一般现在时,故填is。
Passage 2 (2019湖北七市、州教科研协作体3月联考)
On Oct. 21, 2018 China????s restaurant chain 1???? (serve) Shaxian County snacks(小吃) opened its
first eatery in the United States, but it closed three hours after it officially opened to the public as
all the 2???? (dish) on the menu were sold out. In the past month, the newly-opened restaurant at 8
18,60th St. Brooklyn, 3???? (receive) an order every two minutes during busy hours. When the
customers can see the cooking process in the restaurant with an open kitchen, it puts 4???? (they)
at ease over food safety.
Native to Shaxian County, the Shaxian Delicacies restaurant chain has already become 5???? great
success in China. Now, these snacks have hit the streets of New York City and caught local taste
buds(味蕾).“A basket of steamed dumplings for 50 cents, delicious 6????not expensive, that????s
my childhood memories of the Shaxian snacks,” said Lin Liju, an investor of Shaxian Delicacies.
7???? (adapt) to the taste of foreigners, Shaxian Delicacies has not only maintained the 8????
(tradition) production skills, but also made many improvements.
With its good quality and competitive price, Shaxian Delicacies has brought in over 10 billion
yuan 9???? (annual). Actually, Shaxian Delicacies is not the only food 10???? is loved by for-
eigners.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。沙县小吃在美国开业3小时就关门,原因竟然是人太多!
1.serving 句意:中国的餐饮连锁店沙县小吃于2018年10月21日在美国开了第一家餐馆,但在
正式对外营业仅3小时后就关门了,其原因是菜单上所有菜肴都已售完。本题考查非谓语动词
作定语。被修饰词China????s restaurant chain与serve为逻辑上的主动关系且设空处表示正在进
行,需用现在分词,故填serving。
2.dishes 本题考查名词的“数”。dish作“菜肴”讲为可数名词,根据设空处前的all可知设
空处需用复数形式,故填dishes。
3.has received 句意:在过去的一个月里,坐落于布鲁克林第60大街818号的新开张的这家餐
馆,在用餐高峰期,每两分钟就有一份订单。本题考查时态。根据时间状语“In the past
month”可知设空处需用现在完成时,故填has received。
4.them 因为该餐馆是开放式厨房,当顾客看到烹饪过程,他们会对食品安全感到放心。考查
代词。设空处作put的宾语,故填they的宾格形式them。
5.a 句意:餐饮连锁店沙县小吃起源于沙县,已经在中国大获成功。success作“成功的人或事
物”讲为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词a。
6.but 设空处前的delicious与后面的not expensive为转折关系,故填并列连词but。
7.To adapt 句意:为了迎合外国顾客的口味,沙县小吃在保持传统制作工艺的基础上,进行了
许多改良。设空处作目的状语,故填不定式形式“To adapt”。
8.traditional 设空处作production skills的定语,意为“传统的”,故填形容词traditional。
9.annually 句意:由于质优价廉,沙县小吃的年营业额超过100亿元人民币。设空处作状语,意
为“每年”,故填副词annually。
10.that 句意:事实上,沙县小吃不是外国人喜爱的唯一食物。本题考查定语从句。设空处引
导定语从句,先行词为food,指物,且被the only修饰,故填that。
Passage 3 (2019江西九校联考)
With the passing of 2018 and the Spring Festival, we 1???? (start) a new important year already.
This year is one of the final stepping stones to becoming a 2???? (moderate) prosperous society in
2020. Meanwhile, 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People????s Republic of
China. To prepare for 2019, the government made 3???? (it) economic agenda (事项) clear at the
Central Economic Work Conference, 4???? (attend) by the country????s leaders in Beijing in December.
Great attention will keep on 5???? (pay) to China????s economic growth performance in 2019. To
meet the target of