Module 2 Traffic Jam
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Medellin, Colombia
Climate (气候)—?Medellin is about 1,538 meters above sea level. Its climate is not as hot as other cities located near the equator. The city’s average temperature is 22°C.
Getting here — Medellin has an international airport, with flights from Miami, New York, Madrid, and many other cities. There are taxis and minibuses from the airport to downtown Medellin.
Getting around?—?The quickest and cheapest way to get around Medellin is with the well-planned metro (地铁) system. The modern Turibus also goes around the city, showing parks, beautiful neighborhoods, and historical sites.
Where to stay — There are many cheap hotels, and most of them include hot showers, TV, free Internet, private lockers, and Spanish lessons.
Shopping?—?Medellin is only a few hours from the coffee-growing centers of Colombia. Coffee can be bought as a great gift. Medellin is sometimes called the textile (纺织品) capital of the country, but it is not the best place to shop for clothes.
Nightlife — The fun-loving people of Medellin love to dance. There are many places around the city to dance. One of the most famous is the Zona Rosa. Most clubs close at 3:00 a.m.
Sightseeing — There are world-famous museums in the city, but one place that you have to visit is the Museo de Antioquia. It has a large collection of art, including paintings by Fernando Botero.
Festivals — Why not plan a trip around a festival? There’s a poetry festival in July, a celebration of lights in December and January, and for two weeks in August, a flower festival — the city’s most important cultural event.
21. How is the climate of Medellin?
A. It is pleasant.
B. It is very hot.
C. It is quite dry.
D. It is changeable.
22. What can we learn about the Museo de Antioquia?
A. It is an art market.????
B. It is a must-see museum.
C. It is the best place to shop.
D. It is a coffee-growing center.
23. When is the flower festival in Medellin?
A. In July.
B. In August.
C. In January.
D. In December.?
?
B
Mike Hayes of Rochelle, Illinois, proved he was smart in his first year at college. In 1987, while he was a student in the first year of the University of Illinois, he had gotten $2,500 from a job working at a store, but that money would not go far to pay the four years of tuition (学费) and college expenses that added up to around $28,000. His middle-class family had already put his older brothers through college. While Mike’s parents would have helped him to pay, Mike decided he did not want his parents going into debt (债务) for him. He came up with an idea to solve this problem.
Mike wrote to?Chicago Tribune?writer Bob Greene. He wanted each of the newspaper’s readers to send him a penny (分). Greene thought the idea sounded fun and agreed to do it. He shared Mike’s letter with his readers on September 6, 1987.
“Just one penny,” Mike said. “A penny doesn’t mean anything to anyone. If everyone who is reading your reports looks around the room right now, there will be a penny on the corner of the desk, or on the floor. That’s all I’m asking. A penny from each of your readers.”
In less than a month, the Many Pennies for Mike fund (基金) had around $23,000. Donations (捐款) were received from every state in the United States, and even Mexico, Canada, and the Bahamas. So, Mike achieved his $28,000 goal and went on to learn food science from the University of Illinois.
In the end, Mike had this to say about the whole thing, “I just want to express my thanks to everyone ... right now I’m feeling that the world is a pretty great place.”
24. What troubled Mike when he was in his first year at college?
A. He couldn’t afford his tuition.
B. He failed to find a part-time job.
C. His parents were unwilling to help.
D. His parents had huge debts to pay off.?
25. Why did Mike write to Greene?
A.?To ask for help.?? ?
B. To send his greetings.
C. To express his thanks.?
D. To introduce himself.
26. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about Mike?
A.?His fund needed more donations.
B.?He became rich and successful.
C. His plan really worked.
D. He asked for too much.?
27.?What’s the best title for the text?
A. Pennies for readers???????
B. The value of education
C. Mike’s business in college??
D. The one penny college fund
?
C
It’s early morning, and Katie Smith hears a rooster (公鸡) crowing (报晓). It’s time to get up and start working. She and her husband, Chris Cashen, start the day early. They own and run the Farm at Miller’s Crossing, in Hudson, New York.
With the help of 10 workers and, sometimes, the Cashen kids?—?Lael, 12, Connelly, 10, AnneMae, 8, and Christopher John, 6?—?Smith and Cashen harvest crops (收割农作物) during much of the year. They grow vegetables and other plants. They also raise and care for some animals.
Because the Farm at Miller’s Crossing grows different kinds of crops, Cashen says the biggest challenge (挑战) is timing. Several times a year, workers prepare the soil and plant crops. At other times, they transfer (转移) plants from the greenhouse into the fields. The farmers store the fall vegetables in coolers and sell them throughout the winter.
Cashen and Smith grow their crops without the use of chemicals. When crops are ready to be harvested, workers pick them daily, wash them, and put them in boxes. In June, they work up to 70 hours a week. As fall nears, workers try to finish the daily harvesting while there is still daylight. The crops are sold through programs that provide buyers with fresh produce weekly.
Living on a farm has its?perks. The Cashen kids swim in a river from which the crops get their water. They ride their bikes in wide-open spaces. When harvesting tomatoes, they sometimes have exciting tomato fights. They have a big family with which to share their adventures.
Everyone takes part in the business. The kids feed the horses. The boys care for the pigs. Lael says she likes transferring plants and selling produce. “It’s fun and really busy,” says Lael, “but it’s just a part of life.”
28. What can we learn about the Cashen family?
A. They look needy.
B. They lead a busy life.
C. They live on selling animals.
D. They do all the work on their own.
29. What’s the most difficult thing on the Farm?
A. Storing the fall vegetables.
B. Growing crops as fast as possible.
C. Moving plants out of the greenhouse.
D. Planning when to plant and harvest.
30. What does the underlined word “perks” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Price.???????????????
B. Reasons.???
C. Discomfort.?????????????
D. Advantages.
31. What is Lael’s attitude toward her life on the Farm?
A. She enjoys it.
B. She is proud of it.
C. She is uninterested in it.
D. She feels unsatisfied with it.
?
D
Anybody who has a long daily commute (通勤) knows the feeling of sitting in traffic with nothing to do but wait. Now, a study suggests that long commutes can take away more than just valuable time, they also have a bad influence on your fitness (健壮) and health.
Earlier research has connected longer commutes with obesity (肥胖). But this new research is believed to be?“the first study to show that long commutes can reduce exercise time,”?explained lead researcher Christine M. Hoehner of Washington University in St. Louis.
Long commutes are connected with?“higher weight, lower fitness levels and higher blood pressure (血压), all of which are likely to lead to heart disease,”?she said. One discovery that Hoehner found a little surprising was how“being caught in heavy traffic can lead to higher blood pressure.”
Here’s how the research was done: Scientists studied 4,297 locals from Austin, Texas. They recorded their commuting distances, body mass indices (体重指数) and blood pressure. The locals reported their physical activity for the last three months.
What did scientists learn? ?Commuters who said they drove longer distances also reported they took part in less active physical activity. They had lower fitness levels, greater body mass indices and higher blood pressure.
Between 1960 and 2000, workers commuting in private cars jumped from 41.4 million to 112.7 million, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. And as suburbs have spread across the nation since the 1950s, commuter miles have increased too, along with the time drivers spend sitting in the car, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
For many commuters, moving closer to work isn’t a choice but Hoehner said there are ways that can lead to more exercise. “Commuters should find ways to work physical activity into their workdays by doing things like walking during work breaks. Employers could also help by encouraging fitness breaks,” said Hoehner.
32. What did Hoehner find?
A. The longer the exercise time, the better.
B. Some diseases lead to higher blood pressure.
C. Lower fitness levels result from heart disease.
D. The busier the traffic, the higher the blood pressure.
33. How did scientists do the research?
A. By doing a simple test.
B. By collecting information.
C. By giving physical checks daily.
D. By talking to locals face to face.
34. What has happened since the 1950s?
A. The area of suburbs has reduced.
B. The number of commuters has dropped.
C. Many people have given up driving cars.
D. Many people have moved farther from workplaces.
35. What is Hoehner trying to do in the last paragraph?
A. Offer help.??????????????
B. Give advice.
C. Find excuses.??????????
D. Send warnings.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why camp is great for children
If you’ve been to camp, you’re not surprised to hear about the advantages of summer camp. Here is a list of the most important reasons to send your kids to camp.
At camp, children:
Make true friends?—?Camp is the place where kids make their very best friends. Free from the social expectations pressuring (对……施加压力) them at school, camp encourages kids to relax and make friends easily.??36?Every day, friendships are created.
Learn social skills?— Coming to camp means joining a community where everyone must agree to work together and respect each other. When they live in a small room with others, kids solve problems, and see the importance of open communication.??37
Grow more independent?—??38??Managing their daily choices in the safe, caring environment of camp, children welcome this as a chance to grow in new directions. Camp helps kids develop who they are.
Experience success and become more confident?(有信心的)?—?Camp helps children build self-confidence. With its non-competitive activities and different chances to succeed, camp life really improves young people.??39?Camp teaches kids that they can.
Spend their day being physically active?— As children spend so much time these days inside and mostly sitting down, camp provides a wonderful chance to move.??40??Camp is action!
A. Camp builds teamwork.
B. There’s achievement every day.
C. Running, swimming, jumping, climbing!
D. All the fun at camp draws everyone together.
E. It is easy for kids to develop what they like to do.
F. Camp is the perfect place for kids to practice making decisions for themselves.
G. When kids take a break from the Internet, they rediscover their creative powers.
?
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Chess
Chess is called the game of kings. It has been??41??for a long time. People have been playing it for over 500 years. The chess we play today is from Europe.
Chess is a two-player game. One??42??uses the white pieces. The other uses the black pieces. Each piece??43??in a special way. One piece is called the king. Each player has one. The players take turns moving their??44?. If a player lands on a piece, he or she takes it. A player??45??when his or her king cannot move without being taken. There are a few more rules,??46??those are the basics.
Some people think that chess is more than a??47?. They think that it makes the mind stronger. Good chess players use their??48?. They take their time. They think about what will??49??next. These skills are??50??in life and in chess. Chess is kind of like a(n)??51??for the mind.
You don’t always have lots of??52??to think when playing chess. There is a type of chess with short time limits. It’s called speed chess. Each player gets ten minutes to??53??for the whole game. Your clock runs during your??54?. You hit the time clock after your move. This stops your clock. It also??55??the other player’s clock.??56??you run out of time, you lose.
Chess is not just for???57?. Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s. At first they did not play??58?. They made mistakes. As time went on they grew??59?. In 1997, a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue was??60?. It took up a whole room. By 2006 a cell phone could beat the best players in the world.
41. A. around??????????????? B. away?? C. back ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. here
42. A. student ? ? ? ? ? B. player C. winner ? ? ? ? ? ??D. trainer
43. A. changes ? ? ? ? ? B. drops??????????????? C. breaks?????????????? ????D. moves
44. A. balls?????????????????? B. pieces C. kings??????????????? ????D. seats
45. A. loses???? ????????????? B. finds?? C. chooses???? ????????? D. passes??
46. A. or?????????????????????? B. because???????????? C. but ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? D. so
47. A. game????????????????? B. competition??????? C. test?????????????????? ?? D. skill
48. A. brains???????????????? B. advantages?????? ??C. power?????????????? ????D. belief
49. A. offer???? ????????????? B. come? C. appear??????? ??????????D. happen
50. A. new ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. unusual??????????? ?C. helpful ? ? ? ? ?? D. interesting
51. A. adventure??????????? B. exercise??????????? ?C. task ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? D. trouble
52. A. things ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. ways?? C. time ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. courage
53. A. use ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. wait? ??C. discuss ? ? ? ? ? ?D. rest?
54. A. search ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. turn??? C. stay ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. visit
55. A. checks ? ? ? ? ? ? B. stops C. starts ? ? ? ? ? ? ??D. quiets
56. A. Before ? ? ? ?? ? B. Unless C. Though ? ? ? ? ?D. If
57. A. computers ? ? ? ? ?B. matches????????? ??C. people ?? ? D. schools
58. A. fast ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. well?? ?C. alone ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. often
59. A. weaker ? ? ? ? ? ? B. larger? C. slower ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. stronger
60. A. old ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. expensive????????? C. cute ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. big
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With technology advancing, cars are getting cheaper and cheaper. The number of private cars 61. ________ (be) on the increase, which is also a source of serious traffic jams in most cities. Yet people do not like to give their own cars a rest in their garages (车库) and use other 62. ________ (form) of transport instead.
Although there are many traffic jams, citizens are not planning to allow walking, riding bicycles and public transport to take 63. ________ place of their own cars to reduce the traffic pressure. For one thing, private cars are really 64. ________ (comfortable) than other means of transport. For another, driving your own car is so convenient as it can take you to anywhere you want to go, which is 65. ________ (possible) for buses and subways. Furthermore, a private car is an important way for many people to show 66. ________ rich they are.??
As the situation gets more serious, measures must 67. ________ (take) to improve the traffic conditions in cities. Governments should replan the road systems, broaden (加宽) the streets and educate drivers 68. ________ always put traffic rules aside. Policy (政策) is another effective way of 69. ________ (solve) the problems, such as lowering the price of public transportation. Then we can 70. ________ (hopeful) predict that our cities’ traffic will be more controllable in the near future.
?
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.?每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.?只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day my parents weren’t at home, so I asked some of my friends have a party. We played such happily that we forgot everything. Unfortunate, I dropped my father’s favourite glass by an accident. It was in piece and my heart speeded up. What should I do? When he came back, I was afraid of be punished and didn’t tell the true. I told him it was the cat which broke the glass. My father said nothing, but I could see his distrust. The next morning, after a sleepless night, I admit to my father that it was my fault. I saw relief in their eyes. From then on, I never told lies.?
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
为响应“光盘行动”（“Clear Your Plate”?campaign），你校将举办一场主题为“Against Food Waste”的演讲比赛。请你根据所给提示用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.?分析食物浪费的原因；
2.?提出解决方法；
3.?号召大家节约粮食。
注意：
1.?词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Good morning, everyone! It’s my honour to be here to share with you my opinion on food waste.
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ? ? ? ?Thank you!
?
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
“It wasn’t a cop (警察) moment. It was a mother moment.”?Precious Cornner-Jones isn’t just an Indiana State Police officer, she’s also a mom.
So when she saw a little boy so sad he threw himself to the ground at a school rally (集会), Cornner-Jones lay down right next to the boy to?“get down to his level”?and tried to find out what was troubling him. The moment, which was photographed, was put on Facebook and shared nearly 800 times.
Before Cornner-Jones came up to the boy, she spoke to his mom. The mother told her this was how he had been expressing himself lately, so she decided to get down and see what was on his mind.
“He started to cry so I wiped his eyes and told him everything would be OK. I remained there for several minutes until the boy began to smile,” Cornner-Jones said in her Facebook post. “As an adult sometimes all we want is one person to stop, get down to our level and maybe wipe our eyes. These children can have bad days just like we do, so we should give them a moment to get it together.”
The photo was taken at a?“high-five rally”?inside Indianapolis Public School 88, where Cornner-Jones was supporting her pastor (牧师). High-five rallies are events where community members greet kids at the gate of their school and give them high-fives to brighten up their day a bit. When Cornner-Jones saw the young boy come through the line, she knew he was sad by the look on his face. Moments later, he took action.
“I think people lose sight of the fact that these kids are human, too,” Cornner-Jones told ABC News. “They have bad days. We can’t expect them to be little robots and have them do exactly what we say.”
1. What happened to the little boy?
A. He fell and hurt himself.
B. He lost touch with his mother.
C. He was caught by a police officer.
D. He laid himself down on the ground.
2. Why did Cornner-Jones get close to the boy?
A. To save his life.
B. To comfort him.
C. To send him to school.
D. To take a picture with him.
3. What’s the purpose of high-five rallies?
A. To excite students.
B. To protect children.
C. To encourage poor kids.
D. To get boys to enjoy school life.
4. What advice does Cornner-Jones offer to people?
A. Pay more attention to kids.
B. Allow kids to be childish.
C. Raise children in a strict way.
D. Treat children with understanding.
?
B
For 234 years, the bald eagle has been an official symbol of the U.S. It is, after all, the national animal. But in May, 2016, President Barack Obama signed a law naming the bison (野牛) the national mammal (哺乳动物). Since then, the eagle has had to share its?perch.
The North American bison has long been a symbol of the West. “No other native animal tells America’s story better. It is a long-lasting symbol of power, Native American culture, and the Western wildness. At one time, tens of millions of bison lived in North America. For Native American communities, bison were a source of food and clothing. Bison were at the very heart of their traditional way of life,” says Missouri congressman William Lacy Clay Jr.
That way of life changed in the mid-1800s. People began to travel west and hunt bison. Some hunted for the same reason as Native Americans did. But others killed bison for sport. In 1894, it became illegal to kill bison. But it was almost too late. By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America.
Some people realized the animals needed to be saved. President Theodore Roosevelt, William Hornaday — the first director of the Bronx Zoo, in New York City — and others formed the American Bison Society. The group was to bring back the bison. Native American tribes (部落) and locals also joined the fight. By the mid-1930s, bison were no longer in danger.
Today, there are about 500,000 North American bison. They live in all 50 states. “Only about 30,000 of those animals are living as truly wild bison. Others live on protected lands or in zoos,” says Pat Thomas, the associate director of the Bronx Zoo.
Thomas says naming the bison the national mammal was an important step in making sure the animal is well protected. “This recognition is beginning to complete the circle,” he says, “from a time when there were millions of wild bison, to when bison were hunted until they nearly died out, to the beginning of the recovery.”
5. What does the underlined word “perch” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Story. ????????????????????
B. Food.
C. High place.???????
D. Famous name.
6. What can we infer from William’s words?
A. Bison have become popular worldwide.
B. The bison plays an important role in America.?
C. Bison were protected well in North America.
D. The bison is far more important than the eagle.
7. What did the American Bison Society do in the mid-1930s?
A. It brought back bison to the Bronx Zoo.
B. It fought with Native American tribes.
C. It introduced a new law on bison.
D. It succeeded in saving bison.
8. What did Thomas think of the May law on bison?
A. He supported it.?
B. He was against it.
C. He was surprised at it.
D. He thought it was too late.
参考答案
21-25 ABBAA ? ? ? ?26-30 CDBDD 31-35 ADBDB ? ? ? ? ?
36-40 DAFBC ? ? ? ? 41-45 ABDBA
46-50 CAADC???? ????? 51-55 BCABC ? ? ? ?56-60 DCBDD
61. is ? ? ?62. forms ? ? ?63. the?? 64. more comfortable?? ?? 65. impossible
66. how ? ??67. be taken ??68. who / that?? 69. solving ? ? ?? ? 70. hopefully
短文改错
71. ... have a party. ???????????? ?????? have前加to????
72. ... such happily that ...???? ?????? such?→?so?? ?????
73. Unfortunate, I dropped ... ? ? ? ?Unfortunate?→?Unfortunately
74. ... by an accident. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??去掉an
75. ... was in piece ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?piece?→?pieces
76. ... of be punished ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?be?→?being??
77. ... tell the true. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? true?→?truth
78. ... which broke the ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? which?→?that
79. ... I admit to ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?admit?→?admitted
80. ... in their eyes. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? their?→?his
书面表达
One possible version:
Good morning, everyone! It’s my honour to be here to share with you my opinion on food waste.
Food waste has become one of the major concerns of our society. An important reason is that Chinese always entertain their guests with more than enough food, believing that they have not satisfied their guests if there’s no food left on the plates. What we need to do now is support the “Clear Your Plate” campaign, which is intended to educate people to avoid food waste. Therefore, let’s try to develop the habit of never ordering or cooking more than what we need so as to save our limited food resources. Remember — your contribution matters!
Thank you!
?
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇（旅游）
???????本文是应用文。文章介绍了四季如春的哥伦比亚第二大城市——麦德林。
21. A。细节理解题。根据Climate中的Its climate is not as hot as other cities ... average temperature is 22℃?可知，麦德林的平均气温保持在22度，所以它的气候宜人。
22. B。细节理解题。根据Sightseeing中的There are world-famous museums in the city, but one place that you have to visit is the Museo de Antioquia可知，Museo de Antioquia是到麦德林必去的一个博物馆。
23. B。细节理解题。根据Festivals中的and for two weeks in August, a flower festival可知，麦德林的鲜花节是在八月举行。
B篇（计划与愿望）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Mike为了解决他的大学学费及生活费的问题通过报社向陌生人寻求帮助，并最终如愿以偿的故事。
24. A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的he had gotten $2,500 from a job ... and college expenses that added up to around $28,000可知，Mike负担不起他自己的大学学费及生活费。
25. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Mike wrote to Chicago Tribune writer Bob Greene. He wanted each of the newspaper’s readers to send him a penny可知，Mike写信给Greene是为了让Greene的读者给他捐钱，因此Mike是在寻求帮助。
26. C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的Mike achieved his $28,000 goal and went on to learn food science from the University of Illinois可知，Mike筹集了28,000美元，费用问题解决了，他可以继续完成学业，由此可知他的计划成功了。
27. D。标题归纳题。Mike为完成大学学业向报社求助，希望报纸的读者每人给他捐助一分钱。所以文章的关键词是one penny, college, fund。故D项符合主旨大意，适合作标题。
C篇（日常活动）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了Cashen一家人在农场上的生活。
28. B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的It’s early morning, and Katie Smith hears a rooster crowing. It’s time to get up and start working及第二段中的内容可知，Cashen一家在农场上过着忙碌的生活。
29. D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的Cashen says the biggest challenge is timing ... plants from the greenhouse into the fields可知，对于Cashen一家来说最大的挑战就是如何合理安排农场上各项工作的时间。
30. D。词义猜测题。根据第五段中的The Cashen kids swim in a river ... they sometimes have exciting tomato fights可知，Cashen家的孩子们在农场的活动非常丰富，他们玩得很开心，由此可知这是住在农场的好处。
31. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Lael says she likes transferring plants and selling produce.?“It’s fun and really busy,”可知，Lael喜欢农场上的生活。
D篇（健康）
本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明交通拥堵会影响身体健康。
32. D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的being caught in heavy traffic can lead to higher blood pressure可知，严重的交通拥堵会导致血压升高。
33. B。细节理解题。第四段中讲到科学家会记录通勤距离、体重指数、血压和锻炼情况等，可见他们主要是通过收集信息来完成研究的。
34. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的as suburbs have spread across the nation since the 1950s, commuter miles have increased too可知，20世纪五十年代以来，人们的通勤距离更长了。
35. B。推理判断题。最后一段中作者说到通勤人员应该在工作间隙多走动，雇主应该创造机会让员工多运动，这是从两方面给出的建议。
第二节
话题：兴趣与爱好
本文是议论文。文章论述了参加夏令营活动给孩子们带来的好处。
36. D。根据该段的主题Make true friends及下文中的Every day, friendships are created可知，夏令营中有趣的活动让大家聚到一起并建立起真挚的友谊。
37. A。根据上文中的Learn social skills及Coming to camp means joining a community where everyone must agree to work together and respect each other可知，夏令营可以帮助孩子们建立团队精神。
38. F。F项中的内容与该段主题Grow more independent相照应，故选F项。
39. B。B项中的achievement与该段的主题Experience success相互照应，故选B项。
40. C。根据下文中的Camp is action可知，夏令营包括很多体育活动。
语言知识运用
第一节
话题：文娱与体育
本文是说明文。文章介绍了国际象棋的规则、类型及发展。
41. A。根据下文中的People have been playing it for over 500 years可知，国际象棋的存在已经有很长一段时间了。故填around，在此意为“出现，可用”。
42. B。根据文中的Chess is a two-player game ... The other uses the black pieces可知，国际象棋是两人对局的，一名“玩家（player）”使用白棋，另一名玩家使用黑棋。
43. D。下文中的The players take turns moving是提示，每个棋都有特别的“移动（moves）”方式。
44. B。根据语境及上文中的One ... The other uses the black pieces可知，玩家们轮流移动他们的“棋子（pieces）”
45. A。根据下文中的cannot move without being taken可知，当一名玩家的王被对方将死，则判定这名玩家“输掉（loses）”了比赛。
46. C。上文中的There are a few more rules与下文中的those are the basics形成转折关系，故用but。
47. A。根据语境及下文中的They think that it makes the mind stronger可知，有些人认为国际象棋不只是一个“游戏（game）”，它还可以让你的大脑变得更强大。
48. A。49. D。50. C。根据语境及文中的They take their time. They think about what will ... next可知，优秀的国际象棋选手会动“脑（brains）”，他们从容不迫并会考虑好接下来会“发生（happen）”的事，这些技巧在生活中和国际象棋中都很“有用（helpful）”。
51. B。根据上文中的They think that it makes the mind stronger可知，国际象棋是一种“锻炼（exercise）”大脑的活动。
52. C。根据下文中的There is a type of chess with short time limits可知，有一种国际象棋让你在玩的时候没有太多的“时间（time）”思考。
53. A。根据文中的It’s called speed chess ... for the whole game可知，国际象棋中有一种叫“快棋”，在每一场比赛中每一方只能“消耗（use）”十分钟的时间。
54. B。55. C。根据文中的Your clock runs during your ... the other player’s clock可知，“轮到（turn）”你的时候你的棋钟就开始计时，在你走完一步棋后，你按棋钟就会停止计时，这时对方的棋钟就会“开始（starts）”计时。
56. D。根据下文中的you run out of time, you lose可知，“如果（If）”你的时间用完了，你就输了。
57. C。根据下文中的Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s可知，不只是“人类（people）”可以下国际象棋，电脑也可以。
58. B。根据文中的At first they did not play ... They made mistakes可知，一开始电脑下得并不“好（well）”，它们总出错。
59. D。根据下文中的In 1997, a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time可知，随着时间的推移，电脑更“擅长（stronger）”下国际象棋了。
60. D。根据下文中的It took up a whole room可知，这个叫“深蓝”的电脑体积很“大（big）”。
第二节
61. is。考查主谓一致。由从句时态可知，设空处是对现在情况的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是number，故填is。
62. forms。考查名词复数。form意为“种类”，是可数名词且在此被other限定，故填其复数形式forms。
63. the。考查定冠词。take the place of意为“代替”。
64. more comfortable。考查形容词比较级。由设空处后面的than可知，应用形容词比较级，故填more comfortable。
65. impossible。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处在此作表语，意为“不可能的”，故填impossible。
66. how。考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句。其所在句意为“私家车是很多人用来炫耀自己多么（how）富有的重要方式”，故填how。
67. be taken。考查被动语态。measures与take之间是被动关系，又由前面的must可知，应填be taken。
68. who / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词drivers，且在从句中作主语，故填who / that。
69. solving。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作of的宾语，故填solving。
70. hopefully。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰主句谓语，表示“满怀希望地”，故填hopefully。
?
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 DBAD????? ????????? 5-8 CBDA
解析
A篇（人际关系）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位警察看见一个小男孩趴在地上哭泣就去躺在他旁边安慰他的故事。
1. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的So when she saw a little boy so sad he threw himself to the ground at a school rally可知，小男孩很伤心，他直接趴在了地上。
2. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Cornner-Jones lay down right next to the boy to?“get down to his level”?and tried to find out what was troubling him及第四段中的“He started to cry so I wiped his eyes and told him ... began to smile,”可知，Cornner-Jones来到小男孩身边是为了安慰他，让他不那么难过。
3. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的High-five rallies are events where community members greet kids at the gate of their school and give them high-fives to brighten up their day a bit可知，击掌活动是为了让孩子们能在每天上学前有一个好心情。
4. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，Cornner-Jones给人们的建议就是要尊重并理解孩子们。
B篇（自然）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国一项法案正式确立将野牛列为“美国国家哺乳动物”，人们对野牛的保护使其摆脱了濒临灭绝的境地。
5. C。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的the bald eagle has been an official symbol of the U.S.及But in May, 2016, President Barack Obama signed a law naming the bison the national mammal可知，多年来白头鹰一直是美国国家的象征，而2016年美国颁布的一项法案将野牛列为“美国国家哺乳动物”，这使得白头鹰要与野牛共享它的地位了。
6. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的No other native animal tells America’s story ... and the Western wildness以及Bison were at the very heart of their traditional way of life可知，野牛在美国起着举足轻重的作用。
7. D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的The group was to bring back the bison ... bison were no longer in danger可知，在American Bison Society的努力下，野牛的数量有所回升并摆脱了濒临灭绝的处境。
8. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，Thomas认为这部法案的颁布是保护野牛的一项重要举措，它使得野牛的数量不断上升，由此可知Thomas支持这部法案。
Module 2?? Traffic Jam
第二部分：?阅读理解?（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
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21. The “Tell-a-Friend” program encourages people to _____.
A. take pleasure in reading with their friends
B. help a friend form the habit of reading
C. share the website with others
D. read more but spend less
22. Who wrote the story about animals?
A. Rob Elliott.?? ???????? ?????? B. Giles Andreae.
C. Dale Carnegie.?? ??????????? D. Robert Munsch.
23. Which book has a different kind of paper cover from the others?
A.?How to Win Friends & Influence People.
B.?Laugh-Out-Loud Jokes for Kids.
C.?Giraffes Can't Dance.
D.?Love You Forever.
?
B
Our new house in Venice is by the side of the little San Cassian canal and a small square of the same name. We have a door which leads onto the street and two entrances from the water. One runs under a rounded arch (拱门) into the ground floor of the house, which, as is customary in the city, is used instead of a cellar (地下室) for storing things. The second is used for our business activities and?itis located in another building, which has three floors.
The house is almost 200 years old. It has beautiful arched windows and green-painted shutters (百叶窗) to keep out the cruel summer heat. When I lie in bed at night, I can hear the songs of the passing gondoliers (威尼斯的船夫) and the conversations in the square nearby. I understand why Uncle Leo runs his business here. The prices are not too high. The location of the house is near the city centre and easy to find. Besides, the printing trade has many roots (根源) in this area of Venice, even if some of the old publishers from the area are no longer there.
Venice is like a large copy of our old library at home in Spain, full of dark corners and unexpected surprises, some very close to me. Last night, while searching in the corners of the house, I found a single copy of?Aristotle's Poetics, published in the city in 1502. I raced to Uncle Leo with my discovery and a smile almost appeared on his face. ‘A find, boy! This'll fetch good money when I sell it down in the market.’
‘May I read a little first, sir?’ I asked, feeling worried. Leo has a frightening manner at times.
‘Books are for selling, not reading,’ he replied immediately. But at least I had it for the night, since the dealers were by that time closed.
24. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. A cellar.?? ????????????????????
B. An arch.?
C. A floor.? ????????????????
D. An entrance.
25. What do we know about the author's house in Venice?
A. It has a long history.
B. It's in a very bad location.
C. It has an underground storeroom.
D. It can be very hot in the summer.
26. What does the author say about his uncle's printing business?
A. It's the only printing business left in the area.
B. It lies in a historic publishing area.
C. It's less expensive than others.
D. It has attracted many tourists.
27. What does the discovery of the book show about Uncle Leo?
A. He has problems with money.
B. He has a good sense of humour.
C. His main interest is making money.
D. His manner of dealing with people is frightening.
?
C
?????? With a growing number of people in San Francisco choosing not to own a car, German carmaking company BMW has decided to?branch out into?car-sharing services with 70 cars spread around the city, first in 14 locations, with a further 100 being added gradually.
?????? “This is not an A-to-A service — it is A-to-B,” says Richard Steinberg, chief executive of the DriveNow scheme (方案), pointing out that members can pick up a car downtown for the half-hour drive to the airport for only $12, compared with about $40-50 for a taxi.
?????? Whether that is possible in real life depends on traffic, of course. A midmorning drive from Union Square down Highway 101 to the airport takes just 22 minutes; however, driving back during the rush hour takes twice as long.
?????? Most of the cars that are stuck in San Francisco's traffic jams are giving off all sorts of harmful gas. But not DriveNow's BMW ActiveE cars.
?????? “All the cars in San Francisco are electric,” Mr Steinberg says.
In San Francisco, handing back the car to DriveNow is easy — just pick one of its drop-off points, park and walk away. There are no forms to fill in, no time-consuming (耗时的) rules.
Several other carmakers and other players within the motor industry are experimenting with similar schemes, for example Daimler's Car2go scheme, which is operated in many cities around the world.
“We picture a future where car-sharing members outnumber car owners in big cities around the world,” says Car2go spokesman Andreas Leo.
Franck Leveque, from company Frost & Sullivan, agrees.
“Car sharing is growing at a pace (速度) we have not seen before,” he says. “By 2020 we believe there will be 15 million members of car-sharing schemes in Europe alone, with 140,000 vehicles in operation.”
28. What does the underlined part “branch out into” probably mean?
A. Start offering.?? ??????????? B. Stop improving.
C. Make use of.??? ???????????? D. Take control of.
29. The DriveNow scheme _____.
A. works better in rush-hour traffic
B. makes city driving less dangerous
C. encourages people to buy a cheap car
D. allows drivers to pay money to use a car
30. What's special about BMW ActiveE cars?
A. They drive much faster than other cars.
B. They never get stuck in heavy traffic.
C. They don't harm the environment.
D. They need less gas to run.
31. What does Franck think of the future of car sharing?
A. Worrying.??? ???????? B. Hopeful.?
C. Uncertain.??? ???????? D. Disappointing.
?
D
?????? Banker Chip Paillex had never planted so much until he moved to the countryside in Pittstown, New Jersey, seven years ago. Surrounded (被围绕) by working farms, he quickly became interested in the grow-it-yourself idea and rented a piece of 30-by-30-foot land. He planted tomatoes, eggplants and other vegetables — enough to feed his family of four for the summer. He ended up with so much produce; he couldn't give it away. He found a local food factory, and donated (捐赠) 120 pounds of fresh vegetables.
?????? The following year, with a handful of volunteers (志愿者) and a memorable name — America's Grow-a-Row, Paillex harvested 1,500 pounds of fresh vegetables, all of which he donated to area food banks, places that give food to poor people. Soon Paillex had a hundred volunteers and needed more land. He visited Meredith and Jeremy Compton, who farm Peaceful Valley Orchards in Pittstown. Could he work their land?
?????? “I guess we were feeling honored,” says Meredith. Not only do the Comptons welcome Grow-a-Row volunteers, they also work on the land.
?????? What began with a few empty fields has turned into a large local farm. This year, Grow-a-Row will deliver (运送) about 250,000 pounds of fresh produce to food banks. Their secret for getting all of this done? Family power. “Each week, a couple of families ‘own’ the garden,” says Paillex. “They water, pick, and deliver, and then hand it off on Sunday night to the next group of families.”
?????? Paillex also welcomes local school kids. On a Friday morning in May, some kids worked on a field. “We're growing food,” one fifth grader said proudly.
“The program shows kids that there are people in need,” says Paillex. “When these kids become tomorrow's leaders, they'll be much more likely to encourage their co-workers or employees to get involved in (参与) something like this.”
“Chip makes people want to help,” says Colleen Duerr, a mother of two. “And families love this. Chip has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.”
32. Why did Chip start growing vegetables in Pittstown?
A. There were very few fresh vegetables on the market.
B. He wanted to offer food to the local food factory.
C. Farmers there encouraged him to do so.
D. He was deeply attracted by planting.
33. After a year's planting, Chip _____.
A. set up more food banks in the area
B. won great support from more people
C. helped save many people from being poor
D. persuaded many people to help him on the land
34. How can Grow-a-Row manage to produce so much food?
A. School children play the most active part.
B. Families take turns to look after the garden.
C. The work is divided into separate small tasks.
D. Schools and families divide the work equally.
35. What's the best title for the text?
A. The Producers
B. American Farms
C. Grow it Yourself
D. Chip's Country Life
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What does it take to win in sports? Skill? Hard work? Concentration????36??But what about luck? Did you know that even the great Michael Jordan wore his blue University of North Carolina shorts underneath his Bulls uniform (队服) for good luck on the basketball field?
Many players believe that following certain sports superstitions (迷信) will bring them good luck. Some use lucky equipment, wear lucky clothing, or follow lucky habits.??37??Some baseball players have a lucky baseball glove, lucky socks, lucky underwear, or lucky baseball caps. When they are winning all of their games, they insist on using them even if they get smelly. Some players don't even want their uniforms washed if they are winning.??38
Turk Wendell, a player in Major League Baseball, always brushes his teeth between the playing periods. Roger Clemens, a famous pitcher (投手) of the New York Yankees, always touched the head of the Babe Ruth statue (雕塑) at Yankee Stadium before playing baseball there.???39??In his eyes, the letter stands for a strikeout, a situation in which a player is out because he has tried to hit the ball three times and failed.
In sports, practice and concentration are very important.??40??After all, success is so important that it is no wonder competitors do whatever they can to win.
A. Baseball has many superstitions.
B. They worry it will ruin their luck.
C. Sure, all of these things are important.
D. There are other baseball superstitions too.
E. These superstitions seem very strange to their fans.
F. He also chose names for his children that start with “K”.
G. However, many competitors still believe certain superstitions.
?
第三部分：?英语知识运用?（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There are deserts in many parts of the world. Deserts are very dry places??41??there is so little rain. Most deserts have very hot weather during the day.??42?, they can be freezing cold at night.
People have always??43??in deserts. Many desert people are nomads (游牧部落的人). They move from one place to another, to??44??food and water. In some deserts, there are oases (沙漠中的绿洲) where there is enough water for people to live. The people build??45??nearby. The houses have thick walls and small windows. In some deserts, people live under the ground. They dig??46??out of the rock. The houses are cool, and they are??47??from sand storms. Nomads who live in the??48??have tents made of goats' skins. When they move around, they take their??49??with them.
In some deserts, people??50??goats for meat and milk. Many years ago, Aborigines in Australia spent most of the day finding???51??in the desert. They hunted animals like kangaroos for meat. They??52?ate insects (昆虫) that they found among the roots of desert plants.
Plants in the desert have to live with very little???53?. Some plants have???54??roots that find water under the ground. Some plants have leaves like needles. Because of their??55?, these leaves do not?56??as much water as flat leaves.
Many desert animals live under the ground, away from the sun. Some of them??57??at night to feed, when it is cool. Many different insects,??58??flies, wasps and beetles, live in the desert. There are lizards (蜥蜴), too. They eat insects, and hardly ever??59??to drink water.
It is very hard to live in deserts, but people, plants, and animals have learned how to??60?.
41. A. because??????????? B. so??? ? ? C. although ? ? ? ? D. if
42. A. Besides ? ? ? ? ?B. Therefore??????? ?C. However ? ? ? ? D. Rather
43. A. played ? ? ? ? ? ?B. lived?? C. stopped ? ? ? ?? ?? D. walked
44. A. store ? ? ? ? ? ? ??B. find??? C. share ? ? ? ? ? ? D. prepare
45. A. bridges ? ? ? ? ? B. roads C. walls ? ? ? ? ?? ?D. houses
46. A. windows ? ? ? ?? B. holes?? C. rooms ? ? ? ? ? ?? D. gardens
47. A. far ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. safe??? C. different ? ? ? ? ?D. separate
48. A. desert ? ? ? ? ? ? B. ground?????? C. world ? ? ? ? ? ? D. past
49. A. tents????????????????? ? B. goats?? C. rock ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. sand
50. A. sell ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. hunt??? C. keep ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?D. train
51. A. plants ? ? ? ? ? ? B. woods C. water ? ? ?? ? ? ? D. food
52. A. just ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. then??? C. also ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. soon
53. A. sunshine ? ? ? ? ?B. rain?????????? C. air ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. soil
54. A. thick ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. solid?? C. wide ? ? ? ? ? ? ??D. long
55. A. shape????????????????? B. size???? C. number ? ? ? ? D. strength
56. A. hold ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. lose?? ? C. enjoy ? ? ? ? ? ? ??D. collect
57. A. come out ? ? ? ?B. go back ??? C. run off ? ? ? ? ?? D. pass by
58. A. next to??????????????? B. along with???????? C. such as ? ? ? ? ?? D. instead of
59. A. fail ? ? ? ? ? ? ??B. need ??C. refuse??????? ????????????D. wait
60. A. move????????????????? B. work?? C. change??????????????????? D. survive
?
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：?英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Travelling around China by air is the most convenient and fastest means of transport. It allows you 61. ________ (travel) quite a long distance in less time, 62. ________ means you have more time and energy to enjoy your trip after your arrival at each destination. China airlines 63. ________ (see) huge improvements since 1979 and over 1,000 domestic (国内的) and international airlines are in operation throughout the country now.
Train travel is 64. ________ popular and inexpensive way for most people to get around China. However, travelling by train also has some 65. ________ (disadvantage). For example, there are no English-speaking staff and English signs on trains and railway stations are limited. Generally 66. ________ (speak), there are four classes of train tickets 67. ________ ordinary trains in China. They are “hard seat”, “hard sleeper”, “soft seat” and “soft sleeper”. Foreign tourists are 68. ________ (usual) advised to choose “soft sleeper” because it is 69. ________ (comfortable) for long-distance travel than the other three kinds of seats.
Highway travel is also convenient in China. Almost every town, county and city is 70. ________ (access) by highway because China has built thousands of miles of highways around the country.
?
第四部分：?写作?（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
???????假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
???????增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
???????删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
???????修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
???????注意：1.?每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.?只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
?????? My brother is training to a vet. He's a hard worker so I think he'll do very better in his final exams. I'd be surprising if he didn't find the position right away at an animal hospital. But there was the possibility that he might work at a zoo or maybe an animal park. In several years' time, he could possible have him own clinic. And the next step could be opening his own animal hospital — who know? Because he has always loved animals, so I can see him being a success in this field. He'll enjoy every minutes of it!
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华。最近你所居住的涉外小区里车辆乱停乱放现象很严重。请你根据所给提示，给小区负责人史密斯先生写一封信反映这个问题。要点包括：
1.?分析原因；
2.?你的建议。
注意：1.?词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
?
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Praise is like frosting (糖衣) on a cake. A little makes it taste better and too much will ruin everything. Kids need your encouragement and love it when you recognize their achievements. Just don't ruin their trust by leading them to believe every little thing they do is worthy of big cheers. When they grow up, they will find that they can't be accepted by society and probably think it is you who are making them so needy of praise.
Recently, I had the opportunity to observe a family, 5-year-old Joshua and his parents, in action. They had arrived at my office about 15 minutes early, and having returned from lunch with a few minutes to spare, I was chatting with my secretary in the waiting room. As I was collecting my things to walk back to my office, I was?taken aback?by a series of Joshua's mother's comments. The kid was playing with some blocks (积木) on the floor, and Mom was giving a running commentary on his progress. “Oh, Joshua, that's such a nice stack (堆) of blocks. You are so smart!” followed by “What a great job. I couldn't have built that when I was your age.” Then Dad added, “That's my boy”, which nearly caused my secretary to gag (使窒息). After all, the kid was 5 years old, and stacking up a few wooden blocks is not a great achievement. No wonder he was having problems following directions in school — no teacher would be able to give him the amount of attention and praise necessary to keep the child interested.
What is wrong with praising a child? Actually, it may cause a lot of harm if it is not given properly. Most parents believe that giving praise is like giving children healthy food such as calorie-free chocolate — the more, the better. But praising children in certain ways may set them up to become praise junkies (成瘾者) — expecting their parents or others to praise them for almost every act or feeling, rather than developing internal measurement for self-respect and feelings of achievement. Try to give praise only when necessary, no more and no less.
1. In what sense is praise similar to frosting?
A. Praise is a must for everyone.
B. Praise will make things work better.
C. Praise is generally a dangerous thing.
D. Praise must be given in a proper way.
2. The author heard the comments of Joshua's parents _____.
A. on the way to the waiting room
B. before the lunch break
C. in the early afternoon
D. in his own office
3. The underlined words “taken aback” can best be replaced by _____.
A. shocked ????????????????? B. confused ??
C. attracted ???????????????? D. encouraged?
4. The family hoped the author could _____.
A. teach Joshua about blocks
B. help solve Joshua's problems
C. get in touch with Joshua's teachers?
D. give Joshua more attention and praise
5. What advice does the author give parents?
A. Not to turn children into praise junkies.
B. To act as a praise junkie in certain ways.
C. To give children as little praise as possible.
D. Not to give children calorie-free chocolate.
B
What's more important: Your employee or your customer (顾客)? A popular business expression is, “The customer is always right.” But you should never say “always.”
The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autistic (自闭的) employee.
When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer's house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly. Even after the employee corrected the mistake, the customer continued to shout. And that same customer was even rude to the restaurant owners' daughter. So the owners “fired” the customer.
Restaurant owners P.J. and Spiro Gialopsos have added the customer to the restaurant's “Do Not Deliver” list. That customer is now?persona non grata, Latin for “an unwelcome person.”?
P.J. Gialopsos wrote on the restaurant's Facebook page, “you would think in the year 2015 the majority of the population would have learned or at least heard about autism.”
Gialopsos said, “The employee has worked at the Little Italy Restaurante in Anchorage, Alaska, for two years. He was very upset about the angry customer.”
Gialopsos describes the employee as a seriously gifted university student who is curious about the world. She adds that the employee also has “an amazing personality, great sense of humor and a strong work ethic (职业道德).”
“This employee is also one who will not have to deal with that rude customer anymore,” added Gialopsos.
Reached at home by reporters, Gialopsos said she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving. By Tuesday afternoon, her Facebook posting about the incident received more than 30,000 “Likes” and hundreds of positive comments. Comments and emails came from Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Namibia and the United Arab Emirates.
Gialopsos said she spent a couple of emotional days crying over the posts on the Facebook page. She adds that many parents from around the country who have children with autism wrote to her about the incident. “Their stories broke my heart,” she said. Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” is a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently-abled.”
6. The owners of the restaurant were praised because they _____.
A. would always put their customers first
B. had a “Do Not Deliver” list in their restaurant
C. fired a customer for hurting their autistic worker
D. promised to deliver food to their customers' house
7. What made the customer angry?
A. The employee acted unkindly.
B. He didn't get the food he ordered.
C. The owners' daughter was very impolite.
D. He was considered as an unwelcome person.
8. We can infer from the text that the employee _____.
A. began to work at the restaurant in 2015
B. was difficult to get along with
C. would leave the restaurant
D. was an excellent worker
9. Why did Gialopsos cry when she read the posts on Facebook?
A. Because she was moved by others' comments.
B. Because nobody understood what she had done.
C. Because children with autism were thankful to her.
D. Because stories on the Facebook page hurt her feelings.
10. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. A restaurant guide.??? B. A?personal?diary.
C. A research paper.?? ? D. A news report.
参考答案
21-25 CBDDA ? ? ? 26-30 BCADC 31-35 BDBBA??????
36-40 CABFG ? ? ?41-45 ACBBD 46-50 CBAAC??????
51-55 DCBDA? ??? 56-60 BACBD
61. to travel ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? 62. which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?63. have seen
64. a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?65. disadvantages?? ?????? 66. speaking
67. for ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?68. usually??? 69. more comfortable??? 70. accessible
短文改错：
71. ... to a vet. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?to后加be
72. ... very better in ... ? ? ? ? ? ?better?→?well
73. I'd be surprising ... ? ? ? ? ? surprising?→?surprised
74. ... find the position ... ? ? ? the?→?a
75. But there was ... ? ? ? ? ? ? was?→?is
76. ... he could possible ...??? possible?→?possibly
77. ... have him own ... ? ? ? ? ?him?→?his
78. ... who know? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? know?→?knows
79. ... so I can ...?????????? ????? ??去掉so
80. ... every minutes of ...???? minutes?→?minute
One possible version:
Dear Mr. Smith,
Parking in our community is becoming a more and more serious problem and is bringing lots of inconvenience to our life.
I think one reason is that there is not enough parking places. You know, there has been a rapid increase in the number of private cars here. However, the number of parking places has remained the same. Besides, there are no strict rules for foreign vehicles. So people who don't live here park their cars anywhere they want.
I hope the problem can be solved as soon as possible. Here are my suggestions. First, more parking areas should be built. In addition, effective parking rules should be introduced.
??????????????????????????? ????????????? Yours,
????????????????????????????????????????? Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解：
A篇?(文学)
???????本文是应用文。文章是一个二手书销售网站的广告。
21. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的invites friends and family to try our books using the?“Tell-a-Friend”?program可知，该图书网站的Tell-a-Friend计划旨在让人们推广该网站。
22. B。细节理解题。根据Giraffes Can’t Dance部分中的by Giles Andreae和Gerald the tall giraffe would love to join in with the other animals可知，该书是关于动物的，作者是Giles Andreae。
23. D。细节理解题。根据Love You Forever中的Hardback以及其他三本书中的Paperback可知，这本书的封面纸质不同于其他三本，即：这本书是精装，而其他三本是平装。
B篇?(周围的环境)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在威尼斯的新家。
24. D。篇章结构题。此处的it和该句句首的The second指代同一物；根据上文中的two entrances from the water. One runs ... The second is ...?可以看出，此处it指代“入口”。
25. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的The house is almost 200 years old可知，作者在威尼斯的房子有着悠久的历史。
26. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的the printing trade has many roots in this area of Venice可知，作者叔叔的印刷公司位于这个行业起步发展的地方。
27. C。推理判断题。根据作者叔叔在第三段说的This'll fetch good money when I sell it down in the market和最后一段说的Books are for selling, not reading可以推测，作者叔叔的主要心思在如何赚钱。
C篇?(交通)
本文是说明文。德国汽车制造商宝马公司在美国旧金山开拓了一项新的业务——汽车共享服务业。
28. A。词义猜测题。根据划线部分前后的对比carmaking company和car-sharing services以及该段中的with 70 cars spread around the city, first in 14 locations, with a further 100 being added gradually可知，德国汽车制造商宝马公司决定开创汽车共享这项新业务。
29. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的members can pick up a car downtown for the half-hour drive to the airport for only $12可知，DriveNow这一方案让人们可以付费租用汽车。
30. C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的Most of the cars ... are giving off all sorts of harmful gas. But not DriveNow's BMW ActiveE cars以及第五段中的All the cars in San Francisco are electric可知，宝马公司的ActiveE系列汽车是充电式的，很环保。
31. B。推理判断题。根据Franck在最后一段说的“汽车共享正在以前所未有的速度增长，到2020年仅欧洲就将有1500万名汽车共享的会员，会有14万辆车投入汽车共享业务”可以推断，他对汽车共享的前景感到非常乐观。
D篇?(社会)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了Chip通过农业活动来帮助他人的故事。
32. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Surrounded by working farms, he quickly became interested in the grow-it-yourself idea可知，Chip受到周围环境的影响，深深喜爱上了自己种植食物这一做法。
33. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的with a handful of volunteers和Soon Paillex had a hundred volunteers以及第三段提到Compton夫妇的乐意帮忙可知，在Chip自己耕种一年后，得到了越来越多人的支持与帮助。
34. B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的Each week, a couple of families?‘own’?the garden和They water, pick, and deliver, and then hand it off on Sunday night to the next group of families可知，Grow-a-Row之所以可以生产出数量众多的农产品是因为各个家庭轮流负责种植。
35. A。标题归纳题。银行家Chip搬到乡下后开始喜欢上了种植蔬菜，并且将吃不完的新鲜蔬菜捐给社会，他的这种慈善行为慢慢吸引了很多志愿者，使得越来越多的人投入到这项帮助他人的农业活动中。因此A项“生产者”概括了文章主旨，适合作标题。
七选五：
话题：体育
???????本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了棒球运动员的一些迷信做法。
36. C。根据该空前的三个反问Skill? Hard work? Concentration?和该空后的But可知，此处肯定这些因素在体育运动中的重要性。
37. A。根据接下来介绍棒球运动员的迷信做法可知，A项符合语境。
38. B。根据该段首句中的bring them good luck和上一句Some players don't even want their uniforms washed if they are winning可知，一些运动员在赢得比赛后不愿意换洗队服是怕因此破坏了他们的好运。
39. F。根据下一句中的the letter stands for ...?可知，F项“他也给自己的孩子取以字母K打头的名字”符合语境。
40. G。根据下一句中的After all ... do whatever they can to win可知，空白处与上一句构成转折，故选G项。
完形填空：
话题：世界与环境
???????本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人、植物和动物在沙漠中生存的相关知识。
41. A。沙漠地区干燥是“因为（because）”雨水少。
42. C。?“白天非常炎热”和“晚上十分寒冷”之间是转折关系，故填However。
43. B。根据下文描述人们在沙漠中盖房、寻找食物等可知，总有人在沙漠“生活（lived）”。
44. B。根据该空前的move from one place to another可知，人们四处漂泊是为了“寻找（find）”食物和水源。
45. D。根据该空后的The houses have thick walls and small windows可知，人们在绿洲附近搭建“房屋（houses）”。
46. C。根据下一句中的The houses are cool可知，有的人住在地底下，在岩石中间挖出来可以入住的“房间（rooms）”。
47. B。有了房屋的庇护，因此可以“免受（safe from）”沙尘暴的侵扰。
48. A。根据全文介绍沙漠的内容可知，此处指住在“沙漠（desert）”里的游牧人群。
49. A。根据上一句中的have tents made of goats' skins以及对游牧民族的常识了解可知，他们从一个地方到另一个地方时会将“帐篷（tents）”随身携带。
50. C。该空后的for meat and milk是有的人“养（keep）”山羊的目的。
51. D。根据下文中的They hunted animals like kangaroos for meat和ate insects可知，这些澳大利亚的土著居民白天基本上都在沙漠里寻找可以吃的“食物（food）”。
52. C。这些澳大利亚土著居民猎杀诸如袋鼠一类的动物吃，同时“也（also）”吃一些昆虫。
53. B。根据该段中的find water和much water可知，此处填rain符合语境。
54. D。根据该空后的find water under the ground可知，只有植物的根须足够“长（long）”才可以在地底下找到水。
55. A。上文中的leaves like needles和下文中的flat leaves描述的均是叶子的?“形状（shape）”。
56. B。根据常识可知，像针一样的叶子比扁平的叶子更不容易“失去（lose）”水分。
57. A。根据该空前的under the ground, away from the sun和该空后的when it is cool可知，有些动物只有在凉爽的晚上才“出来（come out）”觅食吃。
58. C。flies, wasps and beetles属于昆虫范围，因此用such as，表示举例。
59. B。根据上一句中的lizards和该空前的hardly可知，蜥蜴很少“需要（need）”喝水。
60. D。联系全文介绍沙漠中生活的人、植物和动物可知，尽管在沙漠里生活不容易，但他们还是学会了如何在沙漠中“生存（survive）”。
语法填空：
61. to travel。考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。
62. which。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子，故填which。
63. have seen。考查现在完成时。由时间状语since 1979可知，此处用现在完成时。
64. a。考查不定冠词。way作“方式”讲时，是可数名词，且在此处表示泛指，故填a。
65. disadvantages。考查名词。设空处前面有some修饰，故填disadvantages。
66. speaking。考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。Generally speaking一般来说。
67. for。考查介词。由该句句意“在中国，对普通火车来说有四个等级的车票”可知，设空处意为“（表示对象、用途等）给、对、供”，故填for。
68. usually。考查副词。设空处修饰谓语，故填副词usually。
69. more comfortable。考查形容词的比较级。由后面的than the other three kinds of seats可知，此处用形容词的比较级，故填more comfortable。
70. accessible。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“可到达的”，故填形容词accessible。
?
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-5 DCABA???? ? 6-10 CBDAD
解析
A篇?(家庭)
???????本文是议论文。表扬要适度，父母们不要把孩子培养成“表扬的成瘾者”。
1. D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的A little makes it taste better and too much will ruin everything可知，作者认为表扬和蛋糕上的糖衣一样，都需要适度。
2. C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的having returned from lunch with a few minutes to spare, I was chatting with my secretary in the waiting room可知，作者听到Joshua父母说的话是在下午的早些时候。
3. A。词义猜测题。根据第二段中Joshua的父母对孩子过度的赞扬和After all, the kid was 5 years old, and stacking up a few wooden blocks is not a great achievement可知，作者对Joshua父母的赞扬感到震惊。
4. B。推理判断题。根据第二段开头可知，Joshua和父母来到作者的办公室等待作者；根据本段末尾可知，Joshua在学校跟不上老师的指令。由此可以推断他们来找作者寻求帮助。
5. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的But praising children in certain ways may set them up to become praise junkies以及Try to give praise only when necessary, no more and no less可知，作者建议父母们不要把孩子培养成“表扬的成瘾者”。
B篇?(人际关系)
本文是一则新闻报道。文章主要报道了雇主为了保护患自闭症的店员而将无理顾客“解雇”的故事。
6. C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autistic employee和第三段中的So the owners?“fired”?the customer可知，Gialopsos夫妇因为保护患自闭症的店员而“解雇”顾客的事情得到大家的广泛支持和一致赞扬。
7. B。细节理解题。第三段首句When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer's house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly告诉我们：这位顾客生气是因为店员给他送错了食物。
8. D。推理判断题。根据文中的a seriously gifted university student以及has?“an amazing personality, great sense of humor and a strong work ethic”可以推测，这是一位非常优秀的员工。
9. A。推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，Gialopsos看到广大网友为她点赞并对她的做法给予积极评论时，她感动得落泪了。
10. D。推理判断题。文章第一、二段点出本文的主旨，再结合文中出现的时间以及文章的组织形式可推测，本文摘自一则新闻报道。
