Module 4 Great Scientists
第二部分：?阅读理解?（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
[A]
Unwind Your Mind
Discover Hours of Entertainment in Every Kit?(组合)!
This is an all-in-one relaxation kit of coloring, crossword puzzles (纵横字谜游戏) & more. Each kit is packed with Mind Stretchers booklets (小册子), a coloring book and more. Order today and get a new kit sent every 3 months for fun! Order your relaxation kit today at?rdstore.com/unwind?or call 1-800-392-7435.
Brighten Up Your Day
Your kit includes an impressive set of 12 artist-quality pencils in different colors. These ready-to-use pencils help you turn your colorings into artwork worth displaying.
Color Away Stress
Create your own artwork with our Unwind Your Mind grown-up coloring books. Each kit brings you a new coloring book you can use to create and color away the stresses of your day anytime, anywhere. Coloring books designs range from simple to heavily detailed works of art. It's the perfect way to relax and let go of the day! Coloring is a proven method to reduce stress and encourage creativity while allowing your mind to rest. Besides, who doesn't love to color? Take your colored pencils and have fun!
Stretch Your Brain
Regarded as “yoga for the brain,” our Mind Stretchers series from?Reader's Digest?includes three books — puzzles, crosswords and word searches — that provide hours of entertainment while traveling, relaxing or even waiting in line! There are seventy-five of the?Reader's Digest's puzzles, perfect for solvers of all skill levels. They were created by the biggest name in crosswords, Will Shortz.
21. If you order the relaxation kit, you _____.
A. will receive one every 3 months???
B. will get free booklets
C. must pay for it online????
D. must call at the store
22. What can we learn about Unwind Your Mind?
A. It teaches how to create artwork.
B. It was designed by famous artists.
C. It is made up of easy games.
D. It is sold mainly to adults.
23. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A news report.?????? ????
B. A book review.
C. A lesson plan.??????? ???
D. An advertisement.
?[B]
All writers have their own special ways of getting words down — a favourite pen, a special place, even a certain time of day. Five famous writers tell you their secrets.
Fay Weldon
British novelist
I get up at seven or eight and then I write until lunchtime. I don't write after lunch. I wrote by pen until about four years ago when I realised that the rest of the world used computers. Although I have a new laptop (笔记本电脑), I still prefer to use my old computer.
Michael Morpurgo
British children's book writer
I had problems some years ago sitting at a desk, because I got pains in my shoulder, so I decided to write in bed. Now, when I have a story in my head I go to bed with a small notebook and fill it up. I keep my manuscripts (原稿) in the fridge just in case the house burns down.
John Mortimer
British novelist
I write in a room that used to be the garage (车库). Now it's full of books and photographs. I write with a soft red pen on a notebook. Each page is almost exactly 300 words long.
Simon Armitage
British poet and novelist
I used to be more nocturnal (夜间活动的), but since my daughter was born I try to keep more traditional hours. I have an office just outside the house above the garage where I keep my books and my treasures. I listen to music when I'm writing. I have no love for my computer, although when it's working we are great friends.
Marina Lewycka
Ukrainian novelist
I write in bed, partly because it's the most comfortable and private place and partly because I like to write either at the beginning or the end of the day. I drink an amount of tea and I work on a laptop.
24. When does Fay Weldon write?
A. In the morning.
B. In the afternoon.
C. After midnight.
D. Around noon.
25. What do Michael Morpurgo and John Mortimer have in common?
A. Both love taking photos.
B. Both write on a notebook.
C. Both write in the garage.
D. Both have health problems.
26. According to the text, Simon Armitage _____.
A. prefers to work at night
B. wants to have an office??
C. likes working to music
D. regards his computer as a treasure??
27. Who is fond of writing in bed?
A. Fay Weldon.
B. John Mortimer.
C. Simon Armitage.
D. Marina Lewycka.
?[C]
Sue Hendrickson is a self-taught fossil (化石) hunter. As a kid, Sue Hendrickson often walked with her head down.?“People said,?‘Look up. Smile!'”?she says.?“Now, I realize I was born to look for things and just didn't know it.”
Sue Hendrickson does more than look?—?she finds valuable things: Shipwrecks (沉船) with treasure, ancient sunken cities, and in 1990, she found Sue, the world's largest, most complete Tyrannosaurus rex (霸王龙). Is Hendrickson lucky? Well, maybe. But she also knows how to look.
“I limit the area where I'm going to look,” she says. No one knew the location of the sunken ship?San Diego?in the?Philippines. For a year, Hendrickson and other researchers searched papers and sailors' diaries. “The descriptions of the ship's sailors led us to the wreck,” she says. The team also used a tool that can respond to metal. This tool found the?San Diego. All the work paid off: The 400-year-old ship was complete, with valuable gold and silver coins.
To find the dinosaur she calls “the biggest animal that ever walked on earth,” Hendrickson started with maps made to search for oil. What Hendrickson found was the largest and most complete?T. rex?found to date. The?T. rexis 42 feet long with 200 bones! Because it is so complete, scientists were able to infer that Sue walked at about 6 miles per hour and did not run faster than 15 miles an hour. Before Sue was discovered, they thought?T. rex?was much faster. To learn more about?T. rex?Sue, go to the?Field?Museum?in?Chicago.
There's plenty left to be found, Hendrickson says, including answers to mysteries such as how?T. rex?lived. “I tell kids that they need to grow up and work them out because all of us old persons haven't yet!”
28. What's Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. An ancient city.
B. Hendrickson's hobby.
C. The world's largest?T. rex.
D. Hendrickson's great findings.
29. How did Hendrickson find the sunken ship?San Diego?
A. With a self-made tool.
B. By starting with research.
C. By following sailors' lead.
D. With the help of oil maps.
30. What can we learn about Sue the?T. rex?
A. It helped scientists learn new things about?T. rex.
B. It ran faster than any other?T. rex.
C. It let people know how?T. rex?lived.
D. It was the biggest dinosaur.
31. What does Hendrickson advise kids to do?
A. Find more fossils.
B. Explore mysteries.
C. Visit the?Field?Museum.
D. Respect scientific research.
?[D]
Reality TV has been charged (指控) with making the nation silly, but a study suggests part of its shows could be good for children.
Massey University PhD student Jacinta Hawkins looked at the influence of TV programs on kids' health knowledge, attitudes and behavior. She said programs which showed overweight people, such as?The Biggest Loser, seem to be putting children off eating junk food. “The appearance of overweight people on TV is making children say ‘I don't want to grow up like that'.”
The research was part of Ms Hawkins' paper on how schools improve health. She spoke to 92 children, aged from 7 to 13, from six Auckland primary schools to find out how they received information on nutrition (营养) and physical activity. Some said they learnt from TV news programs, but most of them mentioned reality shows such as?Fat Chance, Honey We're Killing the Kids?and?Downsize Me.
Earlier studies had looked at the effect junk-food advertising had on children, Ms Hawkins said, but messages within TV programs had not been explored.?“Children from the six schools largely recognized program content (内容), rather than advertising, as a source of food and physical activity messages. They are learning habits of eating and exercise from TV programs.”
The children also recognized that their parents had a role to play in shaping health behavior. Talking about?Honey We're Killing the Kids, which shows how people will look if they continue with good habits, children said they developed attitudes from their family's habits. Ms Hawkins said children remembered what they had seen and thought it was the parents' duty to lead by example.
32. What did Hawkins find out about reality TV?
A. It may teach kids much scientific knowledge.
B. Some shows may let kids develop bad habits.?
C. It may draw kids' attention away from studies.
D. Some shows may help kids eat more healthily.
33. What method did Hawkins use to get her findings?
A. Doing interviews.
B. Performing experiments.
C. Studying science reports.
D. Comparing earlier studies.??????
34. How did most students get information on health?
A. From television ads.?
B. From health experts.
C. From news reports.
D. From TV shows.
35. According to the children, which had a great influence on their health behavior?
A. School.
B. Family.
C. Their friends.
D. Scientific research.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The New York Times
The New York Times?is an American newspaper. It was founded in?New York. It was first printed in 1851. The first issue (期) cost just 1 cent to buy. It is printed each day. Each issue is read by around one million people. The newspaper has won 117 Pulitzer Prizes.??36??This is more than any other newspaper or magazine.
The New York Times?is the largest local newspaper in the?United States.??37??Only?The Wall Street Journal?and?USA Today?are read by more people.
?38??In?1990, it was read by over a million people. By 2010, it was being read by less than a million people. This change has occurred for most printed newspapers.??39?
The newspaper's motto (座右铭) is?“All the News That's Fit to Print.”?This appears in the top corner of the front page.
?40??It covers news, business, and science. It also covers sport, home, and fashion. It has parts for travel, food, art, and movies. It is also known for its difficult crossword puzzles.
In 2011, each issue sold for $2. However, the Sunday issue is larger. It is sold for $5.
A. They prefer to read newspapers.
B.?The New York Times?can be read online.
C. The newspaper has many different parts.
D. It is also the third largest newspaper overall.
E. A Pulitzer Prize is an award given for excellent reporting.
F. The main reason is that people can read the news on the Internet for free.
G. Even though it is still popular, it sells fewer copies today than in the past.
第三部分：?英语知识运用?（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Toby had a fear of heights. He had carried it with him since he was a baby. As a teenager, his??41??had only become worse. He talked to his father about it one day.
“I have had enough, Dad,” he said. “I would love to go rock climbing with my friends.??42??every time I get too??43?, I feel sick.”
His dad thought about his son's??44?.
“Well Toby,” he said quietly, “I can??45??you. But you will need to??46??your fear. Are you??47??”
Toby was quiet for a moment. “I am ready!” he replied??48?.
Toby's father walked toward the front door. “We're going into the city!” his father said.
Toby??49??what was coming. Toby lived in?Paris,?France. Seated in the heart of?Paris, was one of the world's??50??landmarks. It was the?Eiffel?Tower. Toby knew that visitors were??51??to climb to the very top. Nothing was said between the pair as they drove into the city. They had arrived at the Eiffel Tower when Toby looked up at it and gasped (倒抽气). His??52??turned over.
“I'm not sure if I can do this,” he said??53?.
Toby's father??54??his son's worries. “Don't worry,” he said. “I will be with you every step of the way. This is the day that you??55??your fears.”
Toby looked up at the tall??56?. He took a deep breath as they stepped through the entrance (入口).??57??his father held his hand, they made their way, step by step, towards the??58??of the building. Once they??59??the top, Toby stepped out from the shadows (阴影).
“Wow, Dad!” he said??60??as he looked over Paris.
“I told you there was nothing to worry about,” came the reply.
41. A. health???????????????? B. fear????????????????? C. understanding ? ? ? ?D. memory
42. A. Since ? ? ? ? ? ? B. And??? C. But ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. Unless
43. A. deep ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. high??? C. far ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. heavy?
44. A. mistake ? ? ? ? B. failure?????????????? C. problem ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. study
45. A. help?????????????????? B. protect???????????????C. teach ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. tell
46. A. face ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. find??? C. hide ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? D. forget
47. A. busy ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. free??? C. smart ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. ready
48. A. bravely ? ? ? ? ? B. quietly?????? C. angrily ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. coldly
49. A. doubted ? ? ? ? ? B. knew???????????????C. felt ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. decided
50. A. smallest ? ? ? ? ? B. strangest?????????? C. oldest ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. tallest
51. A. persuaded ? ? ? ? B. guided???????????????C. invited ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. allowed
52. A. throat ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. nose??? C. stomach ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. mouth
53. A. calmly ? ? ? ? ? ? B. simply?????? C. nervously ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. politely
54. A. disliked ? ? ? ? ? B. sensed??????? ??????C. expected ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?D. remembered
55. A. beat ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?B. realize C. accept ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. consider
56. A. mountain ? ? ? ? ?B. house???? ?????? C. tower ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. tree????????
57. A. Although ? ? ? ? ?B. If??????????????????????C. Before ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. As
58. A. top ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. bottom?????? C. middle ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. back
59. A. missed ? ? ? ? ? ? B. crossed ??????????C. reached ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. saw
60. A. sadly ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. weakly????????????C. secretly ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. excitedly
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：?英语知识运用?（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natalie du Toit, the South African swimmer, was only seventeen when she lost her leg in a road accident. She was going to a swimming pool for 61. ________ (train) on her motorbike when a car hit her. Her leg had to 62. ________ (cut) off at the knee. At the time she was one of?South Africa’s most promising young swimmers. Everybody thought 63. ________ she would never be able to swim 64. ________ (quick) again.
But Natalie was determined (有决心的) to carry on. She 65. ________ (go) back into the pool only three months after the accident. And just one year later, at the Commonwealth Games in?Manchester, she swam 800 metres in 9 minutes 11.38 seconds and got to the final — but not for 66. ________ (disable) swimmers, for able-bodied ones! Although she didn’t win a medal, she still made history.
“I remember how thrilled I was 67. ________ first time I swam after recovering from the operation — it felt like my leg was there. It still does.” says Natalie. “The water is the gift that gives me back my leg. I’m still the same person I was before the accident. I believe everything happens in life 68. ________ a reason. You can’t go back 69. ________ (change) anything. Swimming was my life and still is. My dream is to swim 70. ________ (fast) than I did before the accident.”
第四部分：?写作?（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.?每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；?2.?只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today I pay a visit to my grandmother who fell sick a couple of year ago. She lives in a nursing home that she can be taken care. My grandmother has been unwell for a long time. She sometimes forgets the people she have met. I am sadly to say that she sometimes forgets me. But I understand it is just because she was sick. Today she was smiling happy, and seemed to know who had come to visit. We had a fun talking for hours about the time I used to spending at her place. We talked about her wonderful life. I hope that we can get more days like today.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
某英文杂志的“Great Scientists”栏目正在面向中学生征稿。请你根据所给提示，用英文写一篇介绍中国科学家屠呦呦的短文并投稿。
简介
屠呦呦，女，1930年12月30日出生于浙江。
主要成就
1.?发现青蒿素（artemisinin）能有效治疗疟疾（malaria），并因此获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖（Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine）；
2.?获得中国2016年国家最高科学技术奖（Top Science and Technology Award）。
评价
1.?第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的中国籍科学家；
2.?第一位获得国家最高科学技术奖的女科学家。
注意：1.?词数100左右；? 2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????________________________________________
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?___________________________
____________________________________________________________________
选做题
I.?阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
I'm moving along the row towards my seat at the theater when I see a smiling woman clearly heading for the seat next to me. Do I know her? In a public place like a theater I have no idea if she is a workmate, a parent at my children's school, a politician, or a friend. So I smile back and hope that a few moments of conversation will give me enough information to find out her identity (身份). Sure enough,?it?does. I soon realize she is from the newspaper I work for. She sits in the office right next to mine, and I see her most days of the week.
I can remember reading adventure stories as a child in which someone would describe the criminal to the police, and thinking that I wouldn't know where to start. I supposed that I would get better at it as I got older. Sadly, I never did.
Like many suffering from face blindness, though, I have developed ways of coping. I rely strongly on hair, glasses, and what people wear, which means I can fail to recognize a friend if they have had a haircut, grown a beard, or started wearing glasses. I often find myself spending an hour and a half having lunch with a new acquaintance (熟人), trying hard to remember his characteristics. Yet the chances are the next time I bump into him, I won't know who he is.
I used to think I must be lazy or thoughtless or uninterested in other people. Now that I have taken part in a research study at University College London, I know that my problem is caused by a neurological (神经的) failure and not by bad manners. All I have to do now is to explain this to the hundreds of people I offend (冒犯) every year by failing to recognize them. Do you think they'll believe me?
1. What happens to the author?
A. She misses the movie.
B. She takes the wrong seat.
C. She fails to recognize her workmate.
D. She mistakes a stranger for her friend.
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Smile.????????????????????
B. Identity.
C. Information.????????????
D. Conversation.
3. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. The author was afraid of criminals.
B. The author always helped the police.
C. The author has had this problem all her life.
D. The author likes reading adventure stories.
4. How does the author know a person's identity?
A. By his face.?????????????
B. By his smell.
C. By his clothes.??
D. By his behavior.
5. What can we infer from the research about the author?
A. She will get better.?
B. She has no manners.?
C. She is uninterested in others.
D. She suffers from an unusual illness.
II.?完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every student has his or her own style of studying, which he or she finds most suitable for him or her to learn at school. In general, we can divide all learning??1??into two main types: individual (一个人的) study and group study. Personally, I would prefer to??2??with a group of students. And I will??3??my opinion below.
The clearest??4??is that studying with a group of students can help students get more knowledge. Group study offers students a chance to??5??the problems with their lessons. It allows them to??6??opinions among themselves. In this way, students can better understand what they are??7?.
Moreover, studying with a group will encourage a student to learn from other??8?. At school,??9??learning from teachers, students can also learn from each other through??10??study. Each student has his or her own??11??way to learn a course. By studying together, they can tell each other about their??12??learning methods. As a result, each group member can??13??their art of learning.
Finally, studying in a group can help students??14??teamwork spirit. Teamwork is very??15??for a student's future success. Whether in school or in the real world, we often need to join a group of people to??16??a?complex task.?17?, you can hardly find one product that has been completed by one person, even by one company. So it is??18??to develop teamwork spirit at school through group study. On the other hand, if a student always studies??19?, he or she cannot learn the importance of teamwork and will not know how to work??20??with others in the future.
In a word, I believe that it is better to study with a group of students than study by oneself.
1. A. plans??????????????????? B. methods???? C. programs ? ? ? ?? ? D. teams
2. A. talk????????????????????? B. read??? C. study ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. travel
3. A. explain???????????????? B. find??? ??? C. admit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. prove
4. A. excuse ? ? ? ? ?? B. result? C. goal ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. reason
5. A. argue?????????????????? B. check? C. discuss ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. avoid
6. A. get?????????????????????? B. share?? C. collect ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. accept
7. A. writing ? ? ? ? ?B. receiving??? C. learning?????????????????? D. seeing
8. A. adults ? ? ? ? ? ?B. scholars????? C. teachers ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?D. students
9. A. before???????????????? B. regarding?? C. through ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. besides
10. A. personal ? ? ? ?B. daily?? C. group ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. research
11. A. effective ? ? ? ? B. wrong C. useless ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. normal
12. A. different ? ? ? ? B. right?? C. valuable ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. interesting
13. A. express ? ? ? ? B. believe?????? C. recognize ? ? ? ?? ? ?D. improve
14. A. understand ? ? ? B. offer?? C. build ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. imagine
15. A. dangerous ? ? ? ?B. important?? C. harmful ? ?? ? ? ? ? D. helpless
16. A. finish???????????????? B. continue???? C. begin ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. repeat
17. A. In short ? ? ? ? B. For example????? C. In all ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. At first
18. A. pitiful???????????????? B. pleasant ??? C. possible ? ?? ? ? ? ?D. necessary
19. A. hard ? ? ? ? ? ? B. carefully ?? C. quickly??????????????????? D. alone
20. A. patiently????? ???? B. together???? ??????? C. safely ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. quietly
答案
21-25 ADDAB ? ? ? ?26-30 CDDBA
31-35 BDADB ? ? ?36-40 EDGFC ? ? ? ?
41-45 BCBCA 46-50 ADABD ? ? ?
51-55 DCCBA ? ? ? 56-60 CDACD
61. training ? ? ? ? ?62. be cut?? ???????????? 63. that??????
64. quickly ? ? ? ? ? 65. went ? ? ? ? ? ??66. disabled?
67. the ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?68. for ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 69. to change?
70. faster
短文改错：
71. ... I pay a ...?????????? ????????????? pay?→?paid
72. ... couple of year ... ? ? ? ? ? ? year?→?years
73. ... nursing home that ...?? ??? that?→?where
74. ... taken care. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? care后加of???
75. ... she have met. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? have?→?has
76. I am sadly ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sadly?→?sad
77. ... she was sick. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? was?→?is???
78. ... smiling happy ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ?happy?→?happily
79. ... had a fun ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??去掉a???????????
80. ... used to spending ...????? ? spending?→?spend
One possible version:
Tu Youyou was born in?Zhejiang?Province?on Dec. 30, 1930.
She is best known for the discovery of artemisinin, an effective treatment for malaria. Because of this, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In addition, she won?China’s 2016 Top Science and Technology Award for her outstanding contributions to scientific and technological creation.
Tu Youyou is?China’s first Nobel Prize winner in physiology or medicine. She is the first woman to receive the national science award. As a woman scientist who has amazed the world, she encourages all of us to concentrate on our business and contribute to?China’s progress.
部分解析
阅读理解：
A篇（兴趣与爱好）
本文是应用文。文章是《读者文摘》（Reader's Digest）杂志推出的“放松心情”系列产品的广告。
21. A。细节理解题。根据Discover Hours of Entertainment in Every Kit中的Order today and get a new kit sent every 3 months for fun可知，订购“放松心情”系列产品后会每三个月收到一次新产品。
22. D。细节理解题。根据Color Away Stress中的our Unwind Your Mind grown-up可知应选D项。
23. D。推理判断题。根据文中对《读者文摘》“放松心情”系列产品的介绍及多次出现的Order可知，该文章可能是一则广告。
B篇（文学）
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了五位作家是如何进行写作的。
24. A。细节理解题。根据Fay Weldon中的I write until lunchtime. I don't write after lunch可知，Fay Weldon在早晨写作。
25. B。细节理解题。根据Michael Morpurgo中的when I have a story in my head I go to bed with a small notebook及John Mortimer中的I write with a soft red pen on a notebook可知，Michael Morpurgo和John Mortimer都在笔记本上写作。
26. C。细节理解题。根据Simon Armitage中的I listen to music when I'm writing可知，Simon Armitage喜欢边听音乐边写作。
27. D。细节理解题。根据Marina Lewycka中的I write in bed可知，Marina Lewycka在床上写作。
C篇（社会）
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国古生物学家苏·亨德里克森。
28. D。段落大意题。根据第二段中的she finds valuable things可知，该段主要介绍了苏·亨德里克森的重要考古发现。
29. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的For a year, Hendrickson and other researchers searched papers and sailors' diaries.?“The descriptions of the ship's sailors led us to the wreck可知，苏·亨德里克森首先通过研究一些文字记录来确定沉船“圣地亚哥”的位置。
30. A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的scientists were able to infer that Sue walked at about 6 miles per hour and did not run faster than 15 miles an hour. Before Sue was discovered, they thought T. rex was much faster可知，霸王龙苏的发现让科学家对霸王龙有了新的认识。
31. B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的There's plenty left to be found, Hendrickson says, including answers to mysteries such as how T. rex lived可知，苏·亨德里克森建议孩子们勤于发现，解开谜团。
D篇（文娱）
本文是议论文。新西兰的一项研究发现，有些真人秀节目可能会对孩子的健康产生积极影响。
32. D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的but a study suggests part of its shows could be good for children和第二段中的She said programs ... putting children off eating junk food可知，Hawkins发现一些真人秀节目可能会帮助孩子们吃得更健康。
33. A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的She spoke to 92 children可知，Hawkins的研究采用的是采访学生的方法。
34. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Children from the six schools largely recognized program content, rather than advertising, as a source of food and physical activity messages可知，大多数学生通过电视节目获取健康方面的信息。
35. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The children also recognized that their parents had a role to play in shaping health behavior可知，孩子们认为家庭对他们的生活方式具有重大影响。
七选五：
话题：文学
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了《纽约时报》。
36. E。根据划线处上一句中的The newspaper has won 117 Pulitzer Prizes可知，划线处会介绍普利策奖。
37. D。根据划线处下一句中的Only The Wall Street Journal and USA Today are read by more people可知，《纽约时报》是第三大报纸。
38. G。根据下文中的In 1990, it was read by over a million people. By 2010, it was being read by less than a million people可知，《纽约时报》的读者越来越少。
39. F。根据划线处上一句中的This change has occurred for most printed newspapers可知，划线处解释了出现这种变化的原因。
40. C。根据划线处下一句中的It covers news, business, and science可知，纽约时报有许多不同的栏目。
完形填空：
话题：个人情感
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了托比的爸爸通过领儿子爬埃菲尔铁塔来帮助他克服恐高症的经历。
41. B。根据上文中的Toby had a fear of heights可知，托比“恐（fear）”高。
42. C。上文中的I would love to go rock climbing with my friends与下文中的I feel sick是转折关系，故用“但是（But）”。
43. B。根据上文中的Toby had a fear of heights可知，托比爬到“高处（high）”就难受。
44. C。托比的爸爸在考虑儿子恐高这个“问题（problem）”。
45. A。
46. A。根据上下文语境可知，托比的爸爸要“帮助（help）”他，但是托比必须“面对（face）”自己的恐惧。
47. D。根据下文中的I am ready可知，托比的爸爸问儿子“准备（ready）”好了吗。
48. A。根据上文中的I am ready可知，托比的回答很“勇敢（bravely）”。
49. B。根据上文中的“We're going into the city!”可知，托比“知道（knew）”即将发生什么。
50. D。根据Toby恐高的特点及下文中的It was the Eiffel Tower可知，埃菲尔铁塔是世界上“最高的（tallest）”标志性建筑之一。
51. D。埃菲尔铁塔“允许（allowed）”游客爬到最高处。
52. C。由Toby looked up at it and gasped可知，极端的恐惧让Toby感到“胃（stomach）”很不舒服。
53. C。根据上文中的Toby looked up at it and gasped可知，托比不确定自己能不能爬到最高处，他很“紧张（nervously）”。
54. B。根据下文中的Don't worry可知，托比的爸爸“感觉（sensed）”到了儿子的担心。
55. A。根据下文中的He took a deep breath as they stepped through the entrance可知，今天托比要“战胜（beat）”自己的恐惧。
56. C。根据语境可知，托比在看埃菲尔铁“塔（tower）”。
57. D。
58. A。根据they made their way及the top可知，“当（As）”爸爸拉着托比的时候，他们一起向埃菲尔铁塔“顶部（top）”走去。
59. C。根据下文中的he looked over Paris可知，托比“到达（reached）”了埃菲尔铁塔顶部。
60. D。根据语境可知，托比爬到埃菲尔铁塔顶部非常“高兴（excitedly）”。
语法填空：
61. training。考查名词。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填名词training，表示“训练”。?
62. be cut。考查被动语态。Her leg和cut off之间是被动关系，且设空处前是情态动词had to，故填be cut。
63. that。考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句作thought的宾语，且从句结构和意义均完整，故填that。
64. quickly。考查副词。设空处修饰动词swim，表示“快速地”，故填quickly。?
65. went。考查一般过去时。由语境可知，设空处描述的是过去发生的事情，故填went。?
66. disabled。考查形容词。设空处修饰swimmers，表示“残疾的”，故填disabled。
67. the。考查定冠词。the first time意为“第一次”。?
68. for。考查介词。介词for此处表示“因为”。
69. to change。考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处在句中作目的状语，故填to change。
70. faster。考查形容词比较级。由than I did before the accident可知，此处表示“游得比事故前更快”，故填faster。
[选做题参考答案及解析]
参考答案
I. 1-5 CDCCD?
II. 1-5 BCADC ? ? ? ? ? ? 6-10 BCDDC?
11-15 AADCB? ?????????? 16-20 ABDDB
解析
阅读理解：
话题：周围的人
本文是记叙文。作者是一名脸盲症患者，她讲述了自己认不出熟人的尴尬经历。
1. C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的Do I know her及I soon realize she is from the newspaper I work for可知，“我”没有认出自己的同事。
2. D。篇章结构题。根据第一段中的hope that a few moments of conversation will give me enough information to find out her identity可知，“我们”之间的谈话让“我”认出了同事。
3. C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的I supposed that I would get better at it as I got older. Sadly, I never did可知，“我”的脸盲症一直伴随着“我”。
4. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的I rely strongly on hair, glasses, and what people wear可知，“我”根据别人的穿着确定他们的身份。
5. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中I know that my problem is caused by a neurological failure and not by bad manners可知，“我”得了一种不常见的病。
完形填空：
话题：学校生活
本文是议论文。文章讨论了在学校小组学习的好处。
1. B。由上文中的Every student has his or her own style of studying可知，每个人的学习“方法（methods）”不同，但总共可以分成两大类：自己学习和小组学习。
2. C。由下文中的studying with a group of students可知，“我”喜欢小组“学习（study）”。
3. A。
4. D。下文“解释（explain）”了“我”喜欢小组学习的“原因（reason）”。
5. C。
6. B。由上文中的Group study offers students a chance可知，小组学习可以让学生们“讨论（discuss）”问题，“分享（share）”不同的观点。
7. C。由上文中的studying with a group of students can help students get more knowledge可知，小组学习可以让学生们更了解他们所“学习（learning）”的知识。
8. D。由下文中的students can also learn from each other可知，小组学习可以让“学生们（students）”互相学习。
9. D。由下文中的learning from teachers, students can also learn from each other可知，学生们在学校“除了（besides）”可以跟老师学习，还可以互相学习。
10. C。由上文中的studying with a group可知这里讨论的是“小组（group）”学习。
11. A。每个学生都有自己“有效的（effective）”学习方法。
12. A。由上文中的Each student has his or her own ... way可知，每个学生的学习方法都“不一样（different）”。
13. D。小组学习可以帮助学生“改善（improve）”他们的学习方法。
14. C。由常识可知，小组学习可以帮助学生“培养（build）”合作精神。
15. B。由下文中的Whether in school or in the real world, we often need to join a group of people可知，团队合作很“重要（important）”。
16. A。由下文中的you can hardly find one product that has been completed by one person可知，通常“完成（finish）”一个复杂的任务需要一个团队的力量。
17. B。you can hardly find one product that has been completed by one person是作者举的例子，故选For example。
18. D。由上文的论述可知，团队合作精神很重要，因此培养团队合作精神很有“必要（necessary）”。
19. D。
20. B。由文中的he or she cannot learn the importance of teamwork可知，对于“独自（alone）”学习的学生来说，将来他们不知道如何与他人“一起（together）”工作。
Module 4 Great Scientists
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you a fan of social media (媒体)? Well, you must know this news: There are some hot social media dogs who probably have way more followers than you. Here are some of them.
Boo
Boo has been called the “World’s Cutest Dog” and has over 17 million fans on the social networking website Facebook alone. The Pomeranian has appeared on the TV program “Good Morning America” lots of times. There are Boo toys, Boo notebooks and other things for sale in stores. You can also find Boo on social networking websites Twitter and Instagram.
Monty
Monty is a dog with a lot to say, usually through several messages on Twitter per day. Monty, a shepherd dog, discusses how his owner treats him badly with things like baths, and notes interesting things he sees on walks in the country (like dead sheep). At just under 4,000 Twitter followers, he isn’t the dog with the largest following, but Monty is one very active social media dog.
Sutter and Colusa “Lucy” Brown
These dogs aren’t just social media dogs?—?they are actually?“government officials”. The dogs belong to California governor Edmund G. Brown, Jr. and his wife. Sutter, a Pembroke Welsh corgi, is the?“first dog”?and Lucy, a?“borgie”?is the?“deputy (代理) first dog” of California. Lucy and Sutter Brown have over 16,000 Facebook fans.
Tuna
Tuna is a?“chiweenie”?—?a mix between a Chihuahua and a Dachshund?—?who was rescued (解救) after he was left on the side of the road. His new mom not only fell in love with him and decided to keep him forever, she also turned the little dog into a popular dog on Instagram. Tuna has 1.6 million Instagram followers.
21. Which dog can you see on a notebook?
A. Boo.??? ????????????????
B. Monty.????
C. Sutter.??? ???????
D. Tuna.
22. In what way are Sutter and Lucy special?
A. They are lovely.
B. They are active.
C. They are treated very badly.
D. They are connected to the government.
23. What do we know about Tuna’s early life?
A. It was sad.
B. It was happy.
C. It was boring.
D. It was interesting.
?
B
In France, there once lived a man named Louis Pasteur, who was a doctor of science. The thing that concerned him most was the disease rabies (狂犬病).
“I must find the rabies germs (细菌) that hide inside people and make them so sick that they die,”?he thought.?“Once I find them, I’ll think of a way to kill them.”
Many people thought Pasteur was wasting his time. Some laughed at him and said, “You’ll never do it.”
Pasteur didn’t care what people thought; he believed in himself. He kept right on working.
At the same time, in Germany, a boy named Joey was about to get into trouble. He was teasing (逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies, which made the dog mad. Unfortunately, the dog bit (咬) him. The rabies germs were passed from the dog to Joey.
Soon the little boy was very sick. His parents could only wait. But then there was news. Joey’s mother saw it and shouted for joy. “A doctor of science has found a way to save sick people like Joey!” she said. The man, of course, was Louis Pasteur. Joey’s parents quickly prepared Joey for the long journey to Paris.
“Dr. Pasteur,” said the mother. “Our little boy is very sick. Can you help us?”
“Perhaps,”?said Pasteur.?“I’ve invented a vaccine (疫苗). It is strong enough to kill the rabies germs. Joey will be the first person to have my rabies vaccine.”
“The first person?” asked Joey’s worried father nervously. “Will it be dangerous? Are you sure it will work?”
“I believe it will,” said Pasteur.
Slowly the vaccine killed more and more of the rabies germs. Joey began to get well. Dr. Pasteur’s vaccine was a success!
From then on no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore, and people who had laughed at him before, respected him. He is recognized as one of the world’s greatest scientists.
24. What was people’s first reaction toward Pasteur’s thoughts on killing rabies germs?
A. Hopeful. ?????????
B. Cheerful.
C. Doubtful.?????????
D. Uncaring.
25. What happened to Joey?
A. He fought with a dog.
B. He drove a mad dog away.
C. He killed the rabies germs.
D. He got rabies unexpectedly.
26. Which of the following words can best describe Pasteur?
A.?Confident and strong-minded.
B.?Careful and simple-minded.??
C. Selfless and humorous.
D. Proud and imaginative.
27.?What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The amazing story of Joey.
B. Pasteur’s deep interest in science.
C. The first known person to survive rabies.
D. Pasteur’s success in finding a treatment for rabies.
?
C
Nearly ten years ago, a Christmas confection (甜点) as sweet as her name saved Candy Seely’s family farm in Clatskanie, Oregon. Candy and her husband, Mike, thought about leaving the family business as prices for the mint (薄荷) oil they produced fell and costs rose. Then Candy came up with the answer to their problems: homemade mint patties (饼).
Now, Candy’s candies are sold at Whole Foods Market across America. “What’s most exciting for me is the look on people’s faces when they taste the mints. Many of them will say, ‘I’m not a mint person.’ Then they’ll try one, and their eyes get wide, and they’ll say, ‘Oh my, I’ve never tasted anything like this,’” Candy says. “Food is such a personal way to connect with people. I really enjoy that.”
When Candy first took samples (样品) to a Portland farmers market in 2007, she thought people would taste the treats and then buy mint oil to make their own. But people just wanted to buy her candy, so Candy kept making it.
After first making their candies in a neighbor’s kitchen, then in two different borrowed restaurant kitchens, the Seelys moved the work to their farm. While two employees work year-round, the Seelys add up to eight more workers during the holidays. “Right now, we do pretty much everything by hand,” Candy says.
While their four children — Warren, Caryn, Robyn and Alayna, all now in their 20s — were growing up, she homeschooled them in the morning, and then they did all the work on the farm in the afternoon. “Our family is close because we’ve all had to work together and solve problems together,” Candy says. Warren is taking over the active farming from his parents. Alayna also has an interest in the farm and may help after college. “We want to continue in this work for our kids. It means a lot,” Candy says.
28. What do people say about Seely’s mint patties?
A. They are quite delicious.?
B. They taste a little strange.
C. They are healthy for children.
D. They won’t stay popular for long.
29. Why did Candy make mint patties as samples in 2007?
A. To treat her kids.
B. To sell more candies.
C. To advertise the farm’s mint oil.?
D. To get into the Whole Foods Market.
30. What is special about Seely’s mint patties?
A. They are homemade.
B. They are limited year-round.
C. They are especially designed for holidays.
D. They are less popular than the farm’s mint oil.
31. What do we know about the Seelys?
A. They get along well with each other.
B. Their kids are well-educated and helpful.
C. The parents expect their kids to go to college.?
D. Their kids have taken over the farm completely.
?
D
We interviewed two people, one who went from the country to the city and one who did the opposite.
Janet Lincoln is a salesgirl who moved to St. Louis five years ago. Here’s what Janet told us:
“Five years ago I used to live in a small town called Lemon Falls. I grew up and went to high school there. After I graduated I worked in a supermarket. Lemon Falls had a population of about 800 people, and I knew every single one of them. They all knew everything about me, too. You couldn’t do anything without everyone in town knowing about it. The first chance I got I moved to St. Louis and I love it. I don’t know as many people now as I used to, but that’s OK. I have a few good friends, and I see them when I want to. I kind of like being?anonymous. I’d never go back to Lemon Falls.”
Troy Henson had the opposite experience. He and his wife, Darla, and their two children moved from St. Louis to Bloomfield three years ago. Here’s what Troy told us:
“The best thing we ever did was get out of St. Louis. Don’t get me wrong; St. Louis is as good a place as any other city, I suppose — if you like cities, that is. We don’t. Both Darla and I grew up in St. Louis. We met at college and got married. Then the kids came along and life got difficult. We didn’t know any of our neighbors. We both had good jobs, but it always seemed like there was never enough money. That all changed when we moved to Bloomfield. I don’t make as much money as I used to, but then we don’t have as many expenses as we did. We know our neighbors. Life is good. We’d never leave Bloomfield.”
32. What troubled Janet when she was in Lemon Falls?
A. She had no friends.
B. There was no privacy.
C. There was a lot of competition.
D. She couldn’t find a well-paid job.
33. What does the underlined word “anonymous” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Alone.??????????????
B. Prepared.
C. Sociable.??????????
D. Unknown.
34. Different from Janet, Troy _____.
A. prefers country life
B. moved to a bigger city
C. grew up in a smaller town
D. knows little about his new neighbors????
35. What is Troy’s opinion on living in Bloomfield?
A. It is a little boring.
B. It is quite comfortable.
C. It costs a lot of money.
D. It creates a safe environment.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
International students’ magazine
Would you like to talk to people of your age in another country? Here are just a few of the free websites we can recommend (推荐).??36?
What’s your hobby?
This is a website where you can meet people who have the same hobbies and interests as you. You type in the name of something you enjoy, and then you can find other people in different countries who like the same thing.??37
Serious teenage talk
Perhaps you like talking about more important things like education. On this site you can join in group discussions about things that are important to everyone.??38??We can learn a lot. So if you care about things like homeless people and human rights, come online and talk about them.
Exchange!
You probably think this site is about exchange visits where students go to other countries for a short time. It is, but that’s not all you can do on this site.??39??You can exchange music, books and so on. In this way you can learn a lot about different cultures.
Learn a language
Do you want to learn another language? This website can find online language classes for nearly every main language in the world.??40??So if you’d like to learn German or Russian, go on the website and someone will help you.
A. Go online and make some friends.
B. You can give advice to your friends online.
C. The?Internet is changing?the?way?we?think.
D. One day perhaps you’ll meet and do your hobby together!
E. It’s good to hear the ideas of people from different countries.
F. You can also exchange things with teenagers all round the world.
G. And you can study in an international group with excellent teachers.
?
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever seen a miracle happen? Two winters ago, I did. It was??41??that day. The road was covered with snow.
I asked my mom if we could go to our neighbor’s hill and take my dog, Buddy. She said,?“Sure.??42??don’t go any farther than that.”?After a while, we walked over to another hill by a pond (池塘) not far away. Then suddenly I saw Buddy walk out onto the ice. I was??43??when he walked to the middle of the pond. The??44??was thin there.
We???45??Buddy, but he didn’t listen. Then??46??the ice broke, and my dog??47??into the water. I asked my friend if I should go in and get him out. She said, “NO!”??48?, I ran to my house to tell my mom. It was??49??for me to run on the snowy ground. I was tired, but I had to??50??Buddy.
When my mom heard what??51?, she said, “Get in the car.” When we got there, she told me to run home??52??and get her phone. But back at the pond, my mom???53?to get Buddy out of the water and fell in.
?54?, my friend saw it happen. She ran to a neighbor’s house for help. Soon they got my mom out of the water, but Buddy was still??55??for his life. The fire department put a ladder (梯子) out onto the ice to get him, but it didn’t??56?. I was back again by then, and someone said I should??57??inside the neighbor’s house. It didn’t look??58??for Buddy. I went inside and??59??and hoped for a miracle.
Then, my uncle walked into the house with Buddy in his arms! I was so??60?, I hugged Buddy and thanked the firefighters (消防员).?
41. A. dry?????? ????????????? B. rainy?? C. warm D. cold
42. A. Unless? ????????????? B. Or????? C. So???????????? ?????? D. But
43. A. dissatisfied????????? B. moved?????????????? C. frightened????????? D. excited
44. A. light????? ????????????? B. air?????? C. voice???????? ??????? D. ice
45. A. looked for?????????? B. laughed at????????? C. shouted at?????? D. woke up
46. A. suddenly???????????? B. slowly?????????????? C. naturally??????????? D. possibly
47. A. jumped?????????????? B. fell??????????????????? C. ran?????????????????????? D. walked
48. A. Still??????????????????? B. Besides?????? C. However ? ? D. Instead
49. A. difficult?????????????? B. fun????? ???????? C. wrong?????????????? D. important
50. A. find??????????????????? B. watch C. help??? ???????????? D. train?
51. A. followed???????????? B. happened?????????? C. came??????????????? ? D. appeared
52. A. again??? ????????????? B. once?? C. too??????????? ??????? D. together
53. A. stopped? ?????????? B. agreed?????????????? C. tried????????????????? ?? D. decided
54. A. Luckily?????????????? B. Firstly?????????????? C. Strangely?????????? ?? D. Sadly
55. A. swimming?????????? B. dreaming?????????? C. hunting???????????????? D. fishing
56. A. change? ????????????? B. fail????? C. end??????????? ??????????? D. work
57. A. play????? ????????????? B. eat????? C. wait?????????? ?????????? D. sleep
58. A. clean????????????????? B. good?? C. dangerous???????? ??? D. true
59. A. smiled???????????????? B. cried?? C. left ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. hid
60. A. angry ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. proud??????????????? C. disappointed?????? D. happy
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the not too distant past, scientists refused to believe humans shared behavioural characteristics (特点) with other species. Then along came Jane Goodall, a young woman without a degree to her name, 61. ________ turned that belief on its head.
At the age of 26, she left England with only a notebook and binoculars (双筒望远镜), and set off to realise her dream of 62. ________ (live) with wild chimpanzee (黑猩猩) in Africa.?
We have Jane Goodall to thank for our modern 63. ________ (understand) of primate (灵长目动物) behaviour and for completely changing our global attitude about how humans relate 64. ________ animals. Her endless love for animals, humans, and the 65. ________ (nature) world has made millions of people across the world 66. ________ (stand) up and make a difference. Whether that difference comes in 67. ________ form of planting a tree to help regrow a forest or 68. ________ (simple) speaking to others about the importance of respecting all living things, many 69. ________ (action) have taken place because of Goodall’s influence. There is no doubt that she has changed the world for the 70. ________ (good).
?
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.?每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.?只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It was in Beijing which I attended a ten-day winter camp during Spring Festival this year. Not only do we visit many places of interest and we also listened to many lectures. How exciting I was when we visited a new sports stadium! It is ten times big than our school. Though everyone said the lectures were boring, but I enjoyed myself. I thought most of the activities, that expanded my knowledge and enriched my experience, was wonderful. Finally, I do hope that more outdoor activities will be organising so that we can learn more about Beijing.?
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
某英文杂志正举行主题为“Successful Figures”的征文活动。请根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking），并投稿。
生平简介
1942年1月生于英国；21岁时身患疾病，只能靠轮椅出行；1985年彻底失去说话能力。
主要著作及成就
★《时间简史》（A Brief History of Time）；
★改变了人类对宇宙以及时空的理解。
注意：?1.?词数100左右；2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
One special grandmother is lending her 100 years of wisdom (智慧) to strangers on the Upper West Side. Her makeshift (临时的) office continues to attract a large number of New Yorkers, awaiting a chat (聊天) with the woman who has 100 years of life experience.
Inside the makeshift office you’ll find a portable computer (手提电脑), with 100-year-old grandmother Eileen Wilkinson behind it. She may live across the country in Washington State, but thanks to her grandson?—?Mike Matthews, a social media teacher at New York University — she’s now sharing words of wisdom for free.
“You can be anything you want,” she says. “Don’t complain about anything. You do something about it.”
Over the past three months, hundreds of people have stopped by, chatting like old friends. “She completely gets a kick out of meeting New Yorkers, because they’re so open about their lives,” Matthews said.
A music student asked for advice on a performance. Others wanted to learn more about life in 1917.
“For me, it was a great pleasure. She’s just wonderful,” one man said.
One boy said he was already planning his next visit. “She’s so wise,” he said. “And she really does not look 100. She looks like she’s in her early to late 80s. ?I know her wisdom is taken to heart and it’s clear that the public loves her.?”
Wilkinson spent most of her life as a homemaker and mother. She says truly listening gives her advice-giving ability a personal touch. And, she’s honest.
“A friend of mine will say, ‘I talked to your grandmother last night.’ And I’ll say, ‘I had no idea. She didn’t tell me anything,’” Matthews said.
She hosts Facebook Live Chats and has Instagram. “It works both ways, because I get great joy talking to them,” she says. Wilkinson’s not slowing down any time soon, bringing new meaning to the saying, “The road to grandma’s house is never long.” She says her secret to long life is living a good, clean life.
1. What did Wilkinson do on the Upper West Side?
A. She made a special speech.
B. She shared advice with strangers.
C. She taught women some life skills.
D. She had an interview with strangers.
2. How did Wilkinson help strangers?
A. Through chatting on the Internet.
B. Through Matthews’ social media.
C. Through step-by-step instructions.?
D. Through holding meetings at universities.
3. In people’s eyes, Wilkinson is _____.
A. traditional and serious?
B. creative and humorous
C. friendly and productive??
D. trustworthy and energetic
4. What does Wilkinson say about talking to strangers?
A. It creates good feelings.
B. It frees her from loneliness.
C. It changes her thoughts a lot.
D. It helps her keep up with the times.
?
B
We live in a world of plastic (塑料). Shopping bags, drink bottles, your toothbrush and even your clothes are made from plastic. But plastic isn’t fantastic, and neither is the present state of our environment.
Humans have been producing plastic widely since the 1950s. We produce hundreds of millions of tons of plastic every year and production is only increasing. Unfortunately, most of it is used only once and then thrown away. Only a small part of the plastic is reused. Most ends up in our oceans.
A Plastic Ocean?is a documentary film directed by the Australian journalist Craig Leeson. It studies the terrible influence that plastic has caused to our environment, especially our ocean life. What starts off as an adventure to film the blue whale (蓝鲸), the largest animal on the planet, leads to the shocking discovery of a large amount of plastic floating in the middle of the Indian Ocean. The film sends the message that our actions and choices can greatly influence the planet.
Plastic is so widely used because it is durable (耐用的) and cheap. Unfortunately, this durability is the same quality that makes it so?detrimental?to the environment. Most plastics do not break down chemically. Instead, they break into smaller and smaller pieces that can stay in the environment for a long period of time.
Because it is so affordable, developing countries use plastics widely and much of the rubbish is washed into the ocean when it rains.
When smaller pieces of plastic are eaten by animals in the sea, toxins (毒素) are produced and become stored in their body. These toxins can finally end up on our dinner tables. Eating the polluted seafood can cause many health, and even childhood developmental problems. Society’s huge need for plastic is actually poisoning?(毒害) us.
5. Why did the author mention a film in the text?
A. To explain the cause of plastic problems.
B. To show how much plastic is in the ocean.
C. To introduce the largest animal in the world.
D. To encourage people to protect sea animals.
6. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Friendly.??????????????????
B. Different.
C. Harmful.?????????????????
D. Meaningful.
7. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. You get what you pay for.
B. There is no smoke without fire.
C. Everything happens for a reason.
D. What goes around comes around.
8. What will the author most probably talk about next?
A. Steps to deal with toxins in children’s bodies.
B. The use of plastic in developing countries.
C. Ways to reduce the influence of plastic.
D. The importance of food safety.
答案
21-25 ADACD??? ?????26-30 ADACA 31-35 ABDAB ?? ? 36-40 ADEFG
41-45 DDCDC 46-50 ABDAC ?? ? 51-55 BACAA ? ? ? 56-60 DCBBD
61. who ? ? ? ? 62. living ? ? ?63. understanding 64. to ? ? ? ?65. natural
66. stand?? 67. the?? ????? ???68. simply?? ???????? 69. actions?? 70. better
短文改错
71. ... which I attended ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? which?→?that??
72. ... during Spring Festival ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Spring前加the
73. Not only do ... ?????? ??????????????????????????? do?→?did
74. ... and we also ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? and?→?but?
75. How exciting I ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? exciting?→?excited
76. ... ten times big ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? big?→?bigger????
77. ... but I enjoyed ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? but?→?yet或去掉but
78. ... that expanded my ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? that?→?which?
79. ... was wonderful. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? was?→?were?
80. ... will be organising ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? organising?→?organised
书面表达
One possible version:
Stephen Hawking, who was born in January 1942 in England, is one of the most famous scientists in the world.
When he was 21, he suffered from a serious disease, which has tied him to a wheelchair ever since. Even worse, he lost his ability of speech in 1985. In spite of these troubles, he never lost interest in science. He devoted his life to science and published his famous book A Brief History of Time, which is still a best-seller, just as it was when first published. He changed how people thought about the universe and space and time.
Hawking sets a good example to us and his story encourages many people to face difficulty bravely.
?
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇（自然）
???????本文是应用文。文章介绍了社交媒体上几只著名的小狗。
21. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的There are Boo toys, Boo notebooks and other things for sale in stores可知，Boo会出现在笔记本上。
22. D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的they are actually?“government officials”可知，这两只狗的特别之处在于它们与政府有一定的关系。
23. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的was rescued after he was left on the side of the road可知，Tuna曾被抛弃，可见他早期的生活比较悲惨。
B篇（科普知识与现代技术）
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了研制出狂犬病疫苗的著名法国科学家——巴斯德。
24. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知，大家对巴斯德想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑，都认为他做不到。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第五段中的He was teasing a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies ... from the dog to Joey可知，Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了，所以他也患上了狂犬病。
26. A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的Pasteur didn’t care what people thought; he believed in himself. He kept right on working及倒数第二段中的Dr. Pasteur’s vaccine was a success可知，巴斯德并没有在意世俗的看法，他非常自信。在他的坚持努力下他终于成功研制出了狂犬病疫苗。
27. D。主旨大意题。根据文中对巴斯德下定决心研制狂犬病疫苗并最终取得成功的故事可知，该文的主旨就是介绍巴斯德在发明狂犬病疫苗方面取得的成就。
C篇（饮食）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个制作手工薄荷饼糖果的家庭农场。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Many of them will say, ‘I’m not a mint person.’ ... I really enjoy that可知，人们觉得Candy家的薄荷饼糖果很好吃。
29. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的When Candy first took samples to a Portland farmers market in 2007, she thought people would taste the treats and then buy mint oil to make their own可知，Candy做薄荷饼糖果是为了推销他们的薄荷油。
30. A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的homemade mint patties以及第四段中的After first making their candies in a neighbor’s kitchen ... to their farm和we do pretty much everything by hand可知，Candy家的薄荷饼糖果是家庭手工制作的。
31. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Our family is close because we’ve all had to work together and solve problems together,”?Candy says可知，Candy一家相处得很融洽。
D篇（社会）
本文是议论文。文章介绍了人们对生活在城市和农村这两种完全不同的生活方式的观点。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的Lemon Falls had a population of about 800 people ... You couldn’t do anything without everyone in town knowing about it可知，在Lemon Falls，由于人口稀少，所以人们彼此之间非常熟悉，没有任何隐私。
33. D。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的They all knew everything about me, too. You couldn’t do anything without everyone in town knowing about it及I don’t know as many people now as I used to, but that’s OK可知，Janet并不希望认识很多的人，她希望自己能以一种匿名的方式生活。
34. A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的The first chance I got I moved to St. Louis and I love it与I’d never go back to Lemon Falls及最后一段中的St. Louis is as good a place as any other city, I suppose?—?if you like cities, that is. We don’t与Life is good. We’d never leave Bloomfield可知，与Janet不同的是，Troy更喜欢乡村生活。
35. B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I don’t make as much money as I used to ... Life is good. We’d never leave Bloomfield可知，Troy认为在Bloomfield的生活压力小，而且邻里间相互认识，所以他很享受在Bloomfield的生活。
第二节
话题：兴趣与爱好
本文是说明文。文章介绍了四种能与外国友人畅谈的免费网站。
36. A。根据上文中的Would you like to talk to people of your age in another country? Here are just a few of the free websites we can recommend可知，该文介绍的是结交朋友的网站，A项内容与此相照应。
37. D。D项中的内容与该段小标题What’s your hobby?及上文中的You type in the name of ... like the same thing相照应。故D项符合此处语境。
38. E。联系上文中的On this site you can join in group discussions about things that are important to everyone可知，在Serious teenage talk这个网站上你可以参加群聊，讨论时事热点，因此可以了解来自不同国家的人的思想。
39. F。根据该段小标题Exchange及下文中的You can exchange music, books and so on可知，在Exchange这个网站上你可以与来自世界各地的年轻人进行音乐、书籍等方面的交流。
40. G。G项“在一个国际团队中与杰出的老师学习”与上文中的This website can find online language classes for nearly every main language in the world相呼应。
语言知识运用
第一节
话题：日常活动
本文是记叙文。作者和朋友带狗去池塘边玩，不料池塘的冰面突然断裂，他的狗掉进了冰冷的水里。在一番紧张的营救过后，他的狗最终被消防员们救了出来。
41. D。根据下文中的The road was covered with snow可知，那天天气很“冷（cold）”。
42. D。上文中的Sure与下文中的don’t go any farther than that构成转折关系，故用But。
43. C。44. D。根据文中的I saw Buddy walk out onto the ice ... was thin there可知，因为池塘中心位置的“冰（ice）”很薄，所以当Buddy走到了池塘的中心时，“我”感到很“害怕（frightened）”。
45. C。根据语境及下文中的but he didn’t listen可知，“我们”朝着Buddy“大喊（shouted at）”，但它根本不听。
46. A。47. B。根据文中的the ice broke, and my dog ... into the water可知，“突然（suddenly）”冰面断裂，Buddy“掉（fell）”进了水里。
48. D。根据语境及文中的I asked my friend if I should go in and get him out. She said,?“NO!”及I ran to my house to tell my mom可知，“我”本来想自己跳进池塘救Buddy，但在朋友的劝说下，“我”却跑回家向妈妈求救。这里的Instead表“反而，却”的意思。
49. A。根据下文中的run on the snowy ground. I was tired可知，在雪地上跑步对“我”来说很“困难（difficult）”。
50. C。根据语境及文中的I was tired, but I had to ... Buddy可知，“我”很累，但是“我”必须去“救助（help）”Buddy。
51. B。根据文中的When my mom heard what ...?“Get in the car.”可知，当“我”妈妈听说“发生（happened）”的事情后，她告诉“我”赶紧上车。
52. A。根据上文中的I ran to my house to tell my mom可知，“我”之前已经回过一次家了，所以这次是“再次（again）”回家。
53. C。根据文中的But back at the pond, my mom ... to get Buddy out of the water可知，但是当“我”再次回到池塘的时候，“我”妈妈正“试图（tried）”将Buddy从水中救出来。
54. A。根据下文中的my friend saw it happen. She ran to a neighbor’s house for help可知，“幸好（Luckily）”“我”的朋友看见了发生的一切，所以她去邻居家寻求帮助。
55. A。56. D。根据语境及文中的Soon they got my mom out of the water ... but it didn’t ...可知，“我”妈妈先被救了上来，而Buddy却还在为了活命而拼命地“游泳（swimming）”，消防员们试图用梯子把它救上来，但是这个方法却没有“奏效（work）”。
57. C。根据文中的someone said I should ... inside the neighbor’s house及I went inside可知，有人让“我”进邻居家“等着（wait）”。
58. B。59. B。根据语境及文中的It didn’t look ... and hoped for a miracle可知，Buddy看起来不太“好（good）”，所以“我”担心地“哭（cried）”了。
60. D。根据上文中的Then, my uncle walked into the house with Buddy in his arms可知，“我”叔叔带着Buddy回来了，所以“我”非常“高兴（happy）”。
第二节
61. who。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明Jane Goodall，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
62. living。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词of的宾语，故填living。
63. understanding。考查名词。设空处前由our modern修饰，应用名词，表示“理解”，故填understanding。
64. to。考查固定搭配。relate to意为“和……有关”。
65. natural。考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处在此作定语，意为“大自然的”，故填natural。
66. stand。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。
67. the。考查定冠词。in the form of意为“以……的形式”。
68. simply。考查副词。设空处修饰speaking to others，意为“简单地”，故填simply。
69. actions。考查名词复数。由many可知，应用名词复数，故填actions。
70. better。考查形容词比较级。由语境可知“世界已有好转”，应用形容词比较级，故填better。
?
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 BADA?????? 5-8 BCDC
解析
A篇（周围的人）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位百岁老人无私地将自己的人生智慧分享给陌生人的故事。
1. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的内容可知，百岁老人Wilkinson在纽约上西区（Upper West Side）与陌生人分享她的人生智慧。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Inside the makeshift office you’ll find a portable computer, with 100-year-old grandmother Eileen Wilkinson behind it可知，Wilkinson是通过笔记本电脑中的社交媒体与陌生人聊天的。
3. D。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的And she really does not look 100 ... it’s clear that the public loves her及倒数第二段中的内容可知，在大家看来Wilkinson是个精力充沛、值得信赖的老人。
4. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It works both ways, because I get great joy talking to them可知，Wilkinson很喜欢与陌生人交谈。
B篇（热点话题）
本文是说明文。塑料是我们生活中的一部分，但是它给海洋环境造成了极大的破坏。
5. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的It studies the terrible influence that plastic has caused to our environment, especially our ocean life可知，作者提到A Plastic Ocean?这一纪录片的目的是让人们直观地了解塑料对海洋环境造成的污染。
6. C。词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Most plastics do not break down chemically. Instead, they break into smaller and smaller pieces that can stay in the environment for a long period of time可知，正是由于塑料的这种结实耐用性使得它很难化学分解，从而对环境造成破坏。
7. D。推理判断题。最后一段主要告诉我们：我们丢弃的塑料最终又回到了我们的餐桌。也就是说我们丢弃的最终又回到我们的身体里，故D项为最佳答案。D项的英文解释是A person’s actions, whether good or bad, will often have consequences for that person。
8. C。推理判断题。最后一段介绍了塑料不但对动物产生影响，还会对人的身体健康产生很大的危害，所以下文应该是介绍如何解决塑料对环境及人类造成的危害。
