课时达标(一) Unit 1 Friendship
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·社会服务与人际沟通 体裁 应用文
词 数 252 难度
Jewel’s Online Footwear Store
Leather Dress Shoes
Price: $120.00
Color: Black leather/Brown leather/Red leather/Natural leather
Average Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
Shipping Info: Standard: 7～10 business days/Express: 3～5 days
Customer Reviews
1．★★★★★
My favorite shoes! I’ve been to many conferences where my business fellows have told me how much they like my shoes. Just wearing them makes me feel calmer and more content in the office. I recommend them to all of my co?workers, and I own a pair of each color.
2．★
These are the worst shoes I have ever worn! The leather came off after only one week, and everybody thought they were ugly. The bottoms of the shoes made everything slippery. My employer fired me because he hated them! From then on, I would only wear Brand X shoes!
3．★★★
These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do. There isn’t anything too special about them. In the morning, I put them on and go about my day. They look delightful enough, and they are quite durable. I will probably buy another pair.
4．★★★★
These shoes are my most cherished(珍爱的) possessions. I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes. She was the saleswoman at the store I bought them at, and after she sold me three pairs, I asked her for her phone number and we started dating. Soon after that, we were engaged. We are getting married this afternoon, and I couldn’t be happier.
语篇导读 本文介绍了一家网上鞋店所售的一款皮鞋的相关信息以及四位顾客的不同评价。
1．How many pairs of leather dress shoes does the first customer own?
A．One． B．Two.
C．Three． D．Four.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第一位顾客的评价可知，每个颜色的这款鞋，这位顾客各有一双；根据文章开头对鞋子颜色的介绍可知，这款鞋共有四种颜色，所以这位顾客有四双这款鞋，故选D项。
2．Which customer do you feel gives the most balanced and objective view?
A．Customer 1． B．Customer 2.
C．Customer 3． D．Customer 4.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第三位顾客的评价可知，这位顾客认为这款鞋实用、耐穿，既没有过分夸奖，也没有过度贬低，而是针对鞋子本身给出了相对客观的评价，故选C项。
3．Why does the fourth customer like the shoes?
A．He got to know his bride while buying them.
B．They make him feel more comfortable.
C．They are made to last.
D．They make him attractive.
解析 A 细节理解题。第四位顾客的评价中提到I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes，再结合其后的叙述可知，因为在这家鞋店买的这几双鞋，这位顾客才得以认识了他的新娘，所以他很喜欢这些鞋，故选A项。
B
课标话题 人与自我·积极的生活态度 体裁 记叙文
词 数 315 难度
(2019·成都摸底)When Jessica came in as a baby in 2010 she could not stand. Both wings were broken. I took her to the vet’s office to give her a chance at life.
Six weeks later, she still couldn’t stand. It got to the point where an awful decision had to be made if she couldn’t stand in a week. It looked like death was winning. She was going to be put down that Friday. I didn’t want to go to the center. But I went anyway, and when I walked in everyone was smiling widely. I went immediately back to her cage; and there she was, standing on her own, a big beautiful eagle. I was just about in tears.
We knew she could never fly, so the director asked me to use the glove to train her. I got her used to the glove, and we started doing education programs for schools. Miracle Pets even did a show about us.
In the spring of 2016, I was diagnosed with cancer. I had been in Stage 3, which was not good. When I felt good enough, I would take Jessica out for walks. Jessica would also come to me in my dreams and help me fight the cancer time and time again.
Fast forward to November 2016, I went in for my last checkup. I was told that if the cancer was not all gone, my last choice was a stem cell transplant. I went in on Monday, and I was told all the cancer was gone!
The first thing I did was to take the big girl out for a walk. I hadn’t said a word to Jessica, but somehow she knew. She stared into my eyes and wrapped me with her wings. We just stood there like that. That was a magic moment. We have been soul mates ever since she came in.
语篇导读 本文讲述作者救治一只受伤的老鹰，从老鹰身上学到了坚强和勇敢的品质，并最终激励自己战胜癌症的故事。
【熟词生义】put down常用义：记下；放下 生义：(无痛地)杀死(年老或患病的动物)
例句：We had to have the dog put down .我们不得不让这条狗安乐死。
4．What does the underlined phrase “put down” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Set free． B．Killed painlessly.
C．Taken home． D．Buried underground.
解析 B 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三、四句可知，如果Jessica一个星期后站不起来，那个星期五她将被杀死。B项(无痛苦地被杀死)符合语境，故选B项。
5．How did the author feel when seeing the bird standing on her own?
A．Surprised． B．Excited.
C．Hopeful． D．Encouraged.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据第二段尾句可知，当看到Jessica能站起来时，“我”快要哭了。据此可以推断，看到她站起来时， 作者感到很激动，故选B项。
6．What happened after the author was diagnosed with cancer?
A．Jessica tried her best to cheer up the author.
B．The author was too weak to care about Jessica.
C．The author gained spiritual support from Jessica.
D．Jessica continued to do education programs for schools.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第四段尾句可知，Jessica会出现在“我”的梦中，一次又一次地帮助“我”与癌症作斗争。据此可推知，当作者被诊断患有癌症后，从Jessica那里得到了精神支持，故选C项。
7．Which is the best title for the text?
A．Jessica and Me B．A Magic Moment
C．A Brave Soldier D．My Soul Mate
解析 A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只名为Jessica的鹰和“我”的故事，故选A项。
Ⅱ 完形填空
课标话题 人与自我·生命的意义与价值 体裁 记叙文
词 数 295 难度
“Hey, I’m Holmes. What grade are you in? Third? What’s your favorite book? Elephant and Piggy? Yeah, I got it.”
If you thought you’d walked into a __1__ with a greeting like that, you were quite wrong. __2__ , you’ve entered the Storybook Barber of Courtney Holmes.
Courtney Holmes is a barber in Iowa. Two years ago, he chose to give __3__ haircuts to poor kids. But then he had an idea: The kids should __4__ their free haircut by reading a book to him.
The idea was so popular that he __5__ it for the next two years. Five? to ten?year?old boys would pick up a favorite book and read aloud __6__ Holmes cut their hair. After the haircut, they’d review the book, from the __7__ and vocabulary to the themes—just like in school, __8__ more fun.
“It’s great. All the kids __9__ to have a good haircut. And they’re paying __10__ reading. To be honest, I was __11__ . The line started with four kids, and next I knew it was like 20 kids, all __12__ a haircut and eager to read，” said Holmes. “Not every parent has the time to __13__ with their kids. They have to __14__ .They have to clean the house or cook dinner. Sitting down and listening to them read is the __15__ thing they have time to do.”
Holmes admits he, __16__ , benefits from the practice. “Many kids are __17__ to read out loud. There was this seven?year?old who __18__ through his book, stuttering(结结巴巴地) over words even though he didn’t have a stutter，” said Holmes. “I had the boy take the book home and __19__ . When he returned a few days later, he read it with no __20__ . That inspired me.”
1．A.library B．classroom
C．museum D．church
2．A.After all B．As a result
C．In fact D．On the whole
3．A.stylish B．free
C．cheap D．short
4．A.design B．show
C．desire D．earn
5．A.continued B．displayed
C．improved D．recovered
6．A.since B．while
C．until D．if
7．A.fashions B．sports
C．politics D．characters
8．A.only B．still
C．thus D．almost
9．A.want B．promise
C．hesitate D．determine
10．A.towards B．for
C．through D．off
11．A.annoyed B．amazed
C．embarrassed D．amused
12．A.benefiting from B．thinking of
C．worrying about D．waiting for
13．A.live B．dance
C．read D．skate
14．A.suffer B．exercise
C．work D．review
15．A.last B．best
C．first D．happiest
16．A.therefore B．instead
C．too D．otherwise
17．A.eager B．afraid
C．willing D．confident
18．A.succeeded B．wandered
C．debated D．struggled
19．A.perform B．practice
C．imagine D．relax
20．A.pains B．tears
C．sorrows D．problems
语篇导读 美国爱荷华州有一位理发师，贫困的小朋友只要读书给他听，他就免费为他们理发。
1．解析 A 根据第一段可知，此处表示这好像是在图书馆(library)里，故选A项。
2．解析 C 实际上(in fact)，这里不是图书馆，而是理发师Courtney Holmes开的理发店，故选C项。
3．解析 B 根据下一句可知，小朋友只要读书给他听就可以免费(free)理发，故选B项。
4．解析 D 根据下文可知，孩子们通过读书赢得(earn)免费理发的机会，故选D项。
5．解析 A Holmes的做法很受欢迎，于是他继续(continue)了两年，故选A项。
6．解析 B 来Holmes这里理发的小朋友要先选一本最喜欢的书，然后在理发的时候大声读给他听。while引导时间状语从句，表示“在……期间”，故选B项。
7．解析 D 根据空前内容并结合选项可知，此处表示理发师会和孩子们讨论书中的角色(character)，故选D项。
8．解析 A 结合语境及选项可知，此处表示就好像在学校一样，只是(only)更有趣了，故选A项。
9．解析 A 根据下文all __12__ a haircut and eager to read可知，此处表示孩子们都想要(want)理发，故选A项。
10．解析 C 根据第4空所在句可知，孩子们通过(through)读书支付理发的费用，故选C项。
11．解析 B 根据下文可以推断，Holmes对于自己的创意如此受欢迎感到非常惊讶(amazed)，故选B项。
12．解析 D 结合语境及选项可知，此处表示这些孩子都在等着(wait for)理发，故选D项。
13．解析 C 根据第15空所在句可知，此处表示许多父母没时间和孩子一起读书(read)，故选C项。
14．解析 C 根据下文可知，有些父母忙于工作(work)没时间和孩子一起读书，故选C项。
15．解析 A 根据上文中的They have to work. They have to clean the house or cook dinner可知，有些父母很忙没时间和孩子一起读书，故选A项。
【误区警示】本题易误选其他选项。实际上，这里的last不是表示“最后的”，而是意为“最不可能的(the least likely)”，故选A项。
16．解析 C 根据文章最后一句That inspired me可知，Holmes自己也(too)从中受益，故选C项。
17．解析 B 根据下文列举的小男孩的例子可知，许多孩子不敢(afraid)大声读书，故选B项。
18．解析 D 根据句中的stuttering(结结巴巴地) over words可知，这个孩子读书很费力(struggle)，故选D项。
19．解析 B 小男孩起初读书结结巴巴，Holmes让他把书带回家练习(practice)，故选B项。
20．解析 D 根据下一句That inspired me可以推断，小男孩经过练习，再读这本书时就没有问题(problem)了，故选D项。
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课时达标(二) Unit 2 English around the world
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·社会热点问题 体裁 应用文
词 数 316 难度
(2019·唐山摸底)Tokyo Medical University, one of Japan’s top medical universities, has been systematically blocking female applicants from entering the school by lowering their entrance exam results for the past decade, local news agencies have reported.
The scandal(丑闻) surfaced during the university’s investigation of another scandal, in which its former director was accused of giving admission to the son of a senior education official in exchange for a favor.
Admissions records released by the school show the percentage of women who passed the entrance exam rose from 24% in 2009 to 38% in 2010. The figure has since stayed below that level, falling to 18% in 2018, when only 30 women of the 1,019 female applicants were eventually accepted.
Women account for more than 40% of the overall workforce, but the share of female doctors has been stuck at about 30% since 1998. The slow progress in medicine has caused an assumption that other medical institutes probably have similar policies that discriminate against female applicants.
So why is a country that is battling a shortage of doctors trying to bar qualified female candidates from getting training?
It is believed that female students will eventually leave the medical profession to give birth to and raise their children. There is a silent understanding to accept more male students as one way to solve the doctor shortage.
It is true that female physicians tend to leave the profession at much higher rates than male, but many disagree that keeping them out of medical school is an effective response.
Yoshiko Maeda, head of the Japan Medical Women’s Association, said, “It is astonishing that women are being robbed of their right to seek entry to the medical profession. Instead of worrying about women quitting jobs, they should do more to create an environment where women can keep working.”
语篇导读 本文主要讲述了东京医科大学通过降低女性考生的分数从而阻止其入学的丑闻。
1．Which year saw the highest level of female admission percentage in Tokyo Medical University?
A．1998． B．2009.
C．2010． D．2018.
解析 C 数字计算题。根据第三段可知，2010年女性考生的录取率最高，达到38%，而2009年是24%,2018年是18%，均低于2010年，故选C项。
2．What does the underlined word “bar” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Prevent． B．Separate.
C．Distinguish． D．Protect.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句并结合第五段可推知，此处bar表示“阻止”，与第一段中的blocking呼应，故选A项。
3．What is Maeda’s attitude to Tokyo Medical University’s policy?
A．Cautious． B．Disapproving.
C．Uninterested． D．Favorable.
解析 B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的It is astonishing that…to the medical profession可推知，Maeda对东京医科大学采取的政策不赞成，故选B项。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Female doctors in Japan tend to leave their profession.
B．Female doctors make up the larger part of the Japanese workforce.
C．Tokyo Medical University put forward a new admission policy.
D．Tokyo Medical University changed test scores to keep women out.
解析 D 主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了日本东京医科大学通过降低女性考生的分数从而阻止其入学的丑闻，故选D项。
B
课标话题 人与自我·语言学习 体裁 说明文
词 数 327 难度
French writer Frantz Fanon once said, “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture.” Since the world changes every day, so does our language.
More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the Oxford Dictionary Online, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today’s changing world.
After a year that was politically unstable, it’s not hard to understand the fact that people’s political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary. One example is “clicktivism”， a compound of “click” and “activism”. It refers to “armchair activists(键盘侠)”—people who support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or smartphone. And “otherize” is a verb for “other” that means to keep a distance from people who are different from ourselves—whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.
“We had all the words around ’Brexit(英国脱欧)’ in the last update and we are now starting to see all the words around ’Trump’ coming into the dictionary，” Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionary Online’s head of content development, told The Guardian.
Lifestyle is also changing our language. For example, “fitspiration”—a compound of “fit” and “inspiration”—refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.The phrase “climate refugee”—someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change—reflects people’s concern for the environment.
According to Stevenson, social media was the main source for the new expressions. “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days，” he said.
But still, not all newly?invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream dictionary. If you want to create your own hit words, Stevenson’s suggestion is that you should not only make sure that they are expressive and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.
语篇导读 《牛津在线词典》最近收录了300多个单词和短语，本文介绍了这些单词和短语的来源、特点等。5.Why does the author mention “Brexit” and “Trump”？
A．To inform the reader of the origin of the word “clicktivism”．
B．To show the influences of current affairs on the English language.
C．To highlight two major political events that changed the world.
D．To explain what kind of new words can make it into a dictionary.
解析 B 写作意图题。根据文章结构可知，中间几段讲新词和短语的来源；Brexit(英国脱欧)和Trump(川普)相关的词都入选词典中，反映了时事对英语的影响，故选B项。
6．How is the passage mainly written?
A．By giving examples． B．By making comparisons.
C．By following a timeline． D．By presenting research findings.
解析 A 篇章结构题。前两段点明文章的主旨后，下文大量列举了比较典型的新收录的词汇。由此可推知，文章主要使用了例证法，故选A项。
7．According to Stevenson, to make the words you invent popular, they should ________.
A．be easy to remember B．have unique meanings
C．reflect the changing world D．be meaningful, expressive and appealing
解析 D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，入选的词汇应该具备三个特征：expressive, meaningful及attractive，appealing是attractive的近义词，故选D项。
8．What is the best title for this passage?
A．New Words into the Oxford Dictionary Online
B．The Application of New Words and Phrases
C．How a Language Mirrors the Changing World
D．The Impact of Social Media on Our Language
解析 A 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了《牛津在线词典》新入选的单词和短语，讲述了它们的来源和特征，故选A项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与社会·文化渊源 体裁 说明文
词 数 236 难度
A Housewarming Party
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person or people who bought the apartment or house or moved are the ones who throw the party. __1__ It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. It is an opportunity to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. __2__ Some common items people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and items like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like, a piece of art or a plant. __3__ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming party there isn’t a lot of food served, usually just appetizers or sandwiches.
__4__ The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into a new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. This isn’t usual though.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift so that the person could keep the home warm for the winter. __5__
A．You can also bring food or drinks to share.
B．Different activities are held to make guests satisfied.
C．There are usually no planned activities at a housewarming party.
D．Now most homes replace fires with central heating to keep warm.
E．Different people hold or attend housewarming parties for various reasons.
F．Some people register a list of things they need for their new home at local stores.
G．The party is an opportunity for friends and family to congratulate the person or people on the new home.
语篇导读 本文介绍了“燎锅底”(乔迁聚会)这一风俗习惯的意义、方式和由来。
【熟词生义】throw常用义：v.抛，扔，投 生义：v.举办
例句：Bill threw a party for his sister before she went away to college.
Bill在他妹妹去上大学前为她举办了一场聚会。
1．解析 G 并列关系。空后一句说明这种聚会的意义，其中的also表明空处也是说明其意义的，选项中只有G项符合语境，故选G项。
2．解析 F 递进关系。该段第一句引出主题，即参加这种聚会是要带礼物的，所以接下来就应该说明如何选礼物。空后一句中的items和registry分别与F项中的a list of things和register呼应，故选F项。
3．解析 A 并列关系。空前一句介绍的是客人可以自行选择的礼物，空后一句说明可以带食物作为礼物的原因，A项(你也可以带食物和饮品以供分享)与上下文衔接紧密，故选A项。
4．解析 C 转折关系。根据空后内容可知，本段介绍了这种聚会的活动安排，空后一句中的however说明此处存在转折关系，C项(这种乔迁聚会通常没有既定的活动)符合语境，故选C项。
5．解析 D 对比关系。该段说明了这一风俗习惯的由来。空前讲到了很久以前人们送木柴作为礼物以供取暖，结合选项可知，只有D项符合语境，故选D项。
Ⅲ 语法填空
课标话题 人与自我·语言学习 体裁 说明文
词 数 194 难度
British English may have come first, but around the world, the American way of spelling is now far more popular.
An 1. ____________ (accuracy) examination of these two variants of the English language 2. ____________ (show) that publications now largely use the American version, 3. ____________ (swap) words like “centre” for “center” after the 1880s. According to the data, this shift 4. ____________ (strengthen) around the time of World War Ⅰ. Around 1880, 5. ____________ American English began to cross into wider use among many words, including “grey” and “flavour”， British English can be seen dwindling(缩小). After World War Ⅰ， the world also began to prefer “defense” 6. ____________ the British English version, “defence”．
For many years, British English maintained 7. ____________ (it) hold on “honour”， struggling with the American version for years before the two flip?flopped(突然转向反向) in 8. ____________ (popular) around the world. However, American English was in 9. ____________ lead in the 1970s as “honor” 10. ____________ (increasing) became the more spelling of choice.
语篇导读 本文介绍了由英式英语占主导到美式英语更受人欢迎这一转变。
1．accurate 解析 考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰名词examination，故用形容词accurate。
2．shows 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述客观情况，故应用一般现在时；主语examination与show为主谓关系，应用主动语态；examination为单数形式，故谓语用单数形式。
3．swapping 解析 考查非谓语动词。publications与swap构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
4．strengthened/was strengthened 解析 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语around the time of World War I可知用一般过去时；strengthen可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，故此处可以用主动语态也可以用被动语态。
5．when 解析 考查引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的Around 1880，引导词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。
6．to 解析 考查介词。prefer…to喜欢……多于……，为固定搭配。
7．its 解析 考查代词。句意：多年来，英式英语保持着“honour”这一拼写形式的权威……。hold在此作名词，意为“影响，权威”，故用形容词性物主代词its修饰。
8．popularity 解析 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应填名词，作介词in的宾语，popularity意为“流行，受欢迎”。
9．the 解析 考查冠词。in the lead占据优势，为固定搭配。
10．increasingly 解析 考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰动词became，应用副词increasingly，意为“越来越多地，不断增加地”。
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课时达标(三) Unit 3 Travel journal
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·社会服务与人际沟通 体裁 应用文
词 数 239 难度
Destination Travels
78 Soho St，
New York, NY
Dear Ms Pierce，
Thank you for trusting Destination Travels for your honeymoon plans. This letter includes all the information regarding the flights and accommodation arrangements we have already agreed on.
Date No. Flight Place/Time Depart Place/Time Arrive
August 6 UA 674 New York, JFK 6：30 AM Puerto Rico Int. Airport 9：00 AM
August 15 UA 673 Puerto Rico Int. Airport 1：00 PM New York, JFK 3：30 PM
On arriving at Puerto Rico Int., Airport, a representative of The Caribbean Hotels & Resorts will be waiting for you in order to transfer you to the hotel. The transfer to and from the airport is offered by the hotel as part of your honeymoon package. The reservation has been made for a nine?night stay under your future husband’s last name. The price of the newlyweds’ suite includes breakfast and one more meal at the hotel restaurant. You can also use all of the hotel facilities—pool, gym, sauna, etc. for free as part of your honeymoon package. In addition, you can take scuba diving or snorkeling classes with the hotel’s trained staff at a reduced price—40% off.
Thank you for choosing Destination Travels. We guarantee your honeymoon with us will be an unforgettable experience. To aid us in improving our service, please visit our website at www.destinationtravels.com and complete the questionnaire.
Destination Travels wish you all the best.
Sincerely，
Rebecca Simms
Customer Service Manager
Destination Travels
语篇导读 本文是酒店客服经理写给Pierce女士的一封信。信中告知了所乘坐的航班和住宿安排等信息，并请她填写调查问卷。
1．After arriving at Puerto Rico Int., Airport, the couple can get directions from ________.
A．a Destination Travels’ manager
B．an official of New York City Hall
C．a tourist information desk
D．a hotel worker
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，到达机场后，这对夫妇会得到酒店工作人员的指引，故选D项。
2．What service is offered by the hotel at no extra cost to the newlywed couple?
A．The snorkeling classes． B．The airport express service.
C．A one?night stay． D．The air tickets.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，机场来回的换乘车是酒店蜜月套餐的一部分，不需额外的花费，故选B项。
3．What does the customer service manager ask Ms Pierce to do?
A．Call the service department.
B．Complete the order form.
C．Scan the website to find information.
D．Fill out the customer satisfaction survey.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，客服经理请Pierce女士完成调查问卷，即填写客户满意度调查表，故选D项。
B
课标话题 人与自我·个人生活 体裁 记叙文
词 数 326 难度
(2019·湖丽衢三市联考)When I was a child growing up in Ohio, the butterflies would sometimes pass through on their way to Mexico.And it was awesome to see football fields full of them—and I wanted to revisit that on a larger scale.I knew I had to go to see the migration(迁徙) in Mexico.
But I was on a budget.I didn’t want to rent a car in Mexico or take a bus to Valle de Bravo, the starting point for most butterfly adventures, so I called the guys at The Muddy Boot, travel experts in Mexico who can make almost anything happen at a reasonable rate.
And so, on January 2, I found myself in The Muddy Boot van(面包车), being driven for two hours from Mexico City to Valle de Bravo, a lovely town on a volcanic lake which is a central point for the butterfly journeys.I booked a two?night stay at the Hotel Rodavento, an all eco?friendly hotel with individual wooden houses spreading throughout the forest and around a lake.
The first sanctuary(保护区) I visited was Piedra Herrada, a popular destination, as it is only 40 minutes away from Valle de Bravo.The climb up is tiring.It is advisable to hire a horse.But the horse cannot take you all the way, and there is some hiking in thin air, so you must be patient, drink a lot of water, and be in reasonably good shape.
The walk is more than worth it though.As I struggled to catch my breath, I looked up and lost my breath again.At first glance, the trees had turned into different shapes, but on closer inspection, every inch of them was covered with butterflies.
A few flew through the air(Most of them were not warm enough)．As the sun rose, they began to come alive.Soon the air was filled with flying butterflies，transforming the forest into something magical and straight out of a fairy tale.
语篇导读 本文讲述了作者为观赏大规模蝴蝶迁徙的美景而搭车前往墨西哥的一个城镇的故事。
4．Why did the author choose to take The Muddy Boot van?
A．She couldn’t afford to rent a car．
B．She preferred to travel alone.
C．She wanted to save some money．
D．She hoped to reach the destination earlier.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者预算有限，想节省钱，故选C项。
5．What can we learn about Piedra Herrada?
A．It is at a high altitude．
B．It is far from Valle de Bravo.
C．It is full of wild animals．
D．It is only accessible by riding a horse.
解析 A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在该地攀登时需要在空气稀薄的地方进行一段徒步旅行。结合常识可以推断出，Piedra Herrada海拔高，故选A项。
6．What made the author’s hiking worthwhile?
A．Becoming healthier．
B．Breathing in fresh air.
C．Finding trees of different shapes．
D．Seeing the butterfly migration.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据最后两段的描述可知，虽然作者到达目的地前经历了一段艰辛的徒步旅行，但最后看到美丽的蝴蝶的那一刻，作者感到辛苦是值得的，故选D项。
7．What type of writing is the text?
A．A news report． B．A scientific paper．
C．A travel diary． D．A commercial ad.
解析 C 文章出处题。本文作者以第一人称叙述了自己观看蝴蝶迁徙的起因、经过和结果，是一篇旅行日志，故选C项。
Ⅱ 完形填空
课标话题 人与自我·语言学习 体裁 记叙文
词 数 266 难度
After studying Mandarin(普通话) at a University in London, I decided to further develop my language skills in Beijing. My choice of __1__ was Hutong School Beijing.
Hutong School Beijing not only __2__ language classes but also helps with accommodation, visas, and anything you could __3__ need help with.They also organize __4__ events, which is nice when you’re living somewhere you don’t actually __5__ anyone.
After a 10?hour flight, I __6__ early in the morning.I __7__ up my suitcase, made my way to the exit and met the Hutong School Beijing representative.He took me to my __8__ , which was located in Dongzhimen, a really nice and __9__ location, only 2 stops to Tian’anmen Square.However, the apartment was not quite as “nice” as __10__ on the website.And I just had two __11__ : a German guy who would be there for four months learning __12__ , and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing.
After __13__ in, the representative took me to __14__ with the local police, which you need to do as a “resident”．Then, he took me to Hutong School Beijing to __15__ a level assessment, arrange my __16__ and take me to meet my teachers.
The school is, well, __17__ of what one would expect or is implied by the __18__ not actually located in the hutongs, but located on the 15th floor of a skyscraper.Obviously it was less charming but it did __19__ for great views.
There, I had a 2?hour private class every day and my teachers were just lovely.Being in China and constantly being completely __20__ in Chinese improved my Mandarin so much.
1．
A．agency B．office
C．institute D．class
2．A.serves B．designs
C．operates D．offers
3．A.possibly B．frequently
C．naturally D．hardly
4．A.cultural B．academic
C．social D．financial
5．A.meet B．know
C．like D．recognize
6．A.stopped B．arrived
C．rested D．waited
7．A.put B．caught
C．lifted D．picked
8．A.company B．school
C．apartment D．station
9．A.quiet B．plain
C．cheap D．central
10．A.presented B．explored
C．sought D．painted
11．A.teachers B．roommates
C．customers D．classmates
12．A.Chinese B．German
C．English D．Spanish
13．A.bringing B．joining
C．settling D．taking
14．A.register B．associate
C．negotiate D．connect
15．A.study B．pay
C．adapt D．get
16．A.party B．schedule
C．tour D．report
17．A.on the whole B．by the way
C．as a result D．on the contrary
18．A.name B．representative
C．nature D．teacher
19．A.take B．look
C．make D．long
20．A.lost B．involved
C．stuck D．interested
语篇导读 本文介绍了作者初次来到北京的胡同学校学习汉语的经历和感想。
1．解析 C 根据下文并结合选项可知，作者要选择一个教育机构(institute)进一步学习普通话，故选C项。
2．解析 D 句意：胡同学校不仅提供(offer)语言课程，而且帮助寻找住处、办理签证，以及提供任何你可能需要的帮助。serve服务，招待；design设计；operate操作，故选D项。
3．解析 A 参见上题解析。possibly可能地；frequently频繁地，经常；naturally自然地，顺理成章地；hardly几乎不，故选A项。
4．解析 C 句意：他们也组织社会(social)活动，当你生活在一个你确实不认识任何人的地方，这是不错的(服务)。cultural文化的；academic学术的；financial财政的，故选C项。
5．解析 B 参见上题解析。know认识，了解，符合语境，故选B项。
6．解析 B 10个小时的飞行后， 作者一早到达(arrive)了，故选B项。
7．解析 D 作者拿起手提箱，走到出口，见到了胡同学校的代表。put up举起，搭建；catch up赶上；lift up举起，激励；pick up捡起，拿起，故选D项。
8．解析 C 根据下一句可知，此处指的是公寓(apartment)，故选C项。
9．解析 D 根据空后的only 2 stops to Tian’anmen Square可知，公寓处于中心(central)位置，故选D项。
10．解析 A 然而，这个公寓并不像网上展示的那样好。present展示；explore探索；seek寻找，探寻；paint绘画，故选A项。
11．解析 B 根据上下文可知，作者在公寓里有两位室友(roommates)，故选B项。
12．解析 A 根据常识及选项可知，德国室友也是来中国学习汉语(Chinese)的，故选A项。
13．解析 C 安顿下来后，这位代表带作者到当地警察局登记，这是作为居民应该做的。bring in引进；join in加入；settle in安顿下来；take in吸收，欺骗，故选C项。
14．解析 A 根据常识可知应是去警察局登记。register登记；associate联想，联系；negotiate谈判，协商；connect连接，联结，故选A项。
15．解析 D 作者刚到学校，因此应该接受水平评估。study学习；pay支付；adapt适应；get受到，得到，故选D项。
16．解析 B 根据选项及常识可知，此处指安排新生的课程表(schedule)，故选B项。
17．解析 D 根据下文可知，此处表示这所学校和所期待的或者它的名字所暗示的不一样，它不在胡同里，而是位于摩天大楼的第十五层。on the whole大体上，总的来看；by the way顺便说一下；as a result结果；on the contrary相反，故选D项。
18．解析 A 根据下文可知，作者原以为胡同学校按照其名字(name)的字面意思应该在胡同里，而这所学校却在摩天大楼里，故选A项。
19．解析 C 显然，它不那么迷人，但它确实利于(make for)观景，故选C项。
20．解析 B 句意：身处中国并且不断地完全融入汉语(环境)大大地提高了我的普通话水平。be lost in全神贯注于，沉湎于；be involved in参与，置身于；be stuck in被困在……中；be interested in对……感兴趣，故选B项。
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课时达标(四) Unit 4 Earthquakes
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与自我·公民义务与社会责任 体裁 应用文
词 数 278 难度
When a Canadian woman was hit by a train and badly injured in northern Italy, rescue services quickly went to her aid on the tracks. But as they treated the victim, a young man photographed the scene from the station platform in a selfie(自拍) that has caused widespread anger. Corriere della Sera said he appeared to be making a “V for victory” sign with one hand while taking the shot with the other.
Police caught the young selfie?taker and forced him to delete his picture. The young man has been investigated(调查) and does not appear to have committed a crime. But the image of him pointing his mobile phone at the rescue scene has appeared on many front pages in Italy and it attracted incredulity to the investigation so that the public insisted that further investigations should be carried out.
Journalist Giorgio Lambri, who pictured this young selfie?taker, complained “we have completely lost a sense of morality”. Besides, a commentary in La Stampa spoke of “a cancer that affects the Internet”. The young man who took the selfie was not bad, argued Antonella Boralevi. Instead, he had turned off his soul and his personality and become an “automaton(机械行事之人) of the Internet”．
What remains unclear is how the young woman was hit by a train in the first place. According to reports at the time, the control system for closing the train’s doors was faulty and the woman may have fallen out of the train while opening a door on the wrong side. However, there was also a suggestion that she may have been rushing to board the train as it was leaving the station.
语篇导读 本文主要讲述了一名男子在救援现场自拍引发了公众的不满和批评。
1．What does the underlined word “incredulity” probably mean?
A．Suspicion． B．Resistance.
C．Attention． D．Sensitivity.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上一句可知，男子被调查后发现并没有犯过罪，再结合画线词后的the public…carried out可知，公众要求对其进行进一步调查，故可推知，公众应该是怀疑警方之前的调查结果，故选A项。
2．According to Antonella Boralevi, the man who took the selfie ________.
A．was a bad person B．was not very moral
C．should be forgiven D．did this automatically
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，Antonella Boralevi认为拍照的男子本性不坏，只是过分沉溺于网络和自拍，遇到什么事都会不自觉拍照，故选D项。
3．What does the last paragraph focus on?
A．The failure of the train’s doors.
B．The process of the woman being hit.
C．The likely causes of the train accident.
D．The severity of the woman’s injuries.
解析 C 主旨大意题。最后一段主要探究女子是如何被火车撞到的，即火车事故发生的可能原因，故选C项。
4．Where can we probably find this article?
A．In a review． B．In a newspaper.
C．In a research report． D．In a photography magazine.
解析 B 文章出处题。本文主要讲述了一名男子因在救援现场自拍而引发公众的不满和批评，属于纪实性新闻，最可能出现在报纸上，故选B项。
B
课标话题 人与自然·自然灾害与防范 体裁 说明文
词 数 372 难度
In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I’ve got a good horse under me.”
The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city planners that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into mainfloors, or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood?frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six?story brick building?
That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house?moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行的一些解决方案。
5．The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show ________.
A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B．Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy
C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
解析 B 写作意图题。根据第一段第一句可推知，作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道曾经非常泥泞，故选B项。
6．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ________.
A．get rid of the street dirt B．lower the Chicago River
C．fight against heavy floods D．build the pipes above ground
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Ellis Chesbrough让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥带来的问题，故选D项。
7．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A．It went on smoothly as intended.
B．It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C．It involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews.
D．It separated the building from its foundation.
解析 A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，用螺旋千斤顶把the Tremont Hotel升高时，宾馆正常营业，很多顾客甚至对此一无所知，即此事进展顺利，故选A项。
8．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’s ________.
A．popular lifestyles and their influences
B．environmental disasters and their causes
C．engineering problems and their solutions
D．successful businessmen and their achievements
解析 C 主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文主要讲述早期芝加哥在应对洪水泛滥的过程中，一些建筑工程曾面临的问题及所采取的相应解决办法，故选C项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与自然·自然科学研究成果 体裁 说明文
词 数 204 难度
A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals. Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.
The study showed how the bodies’ circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. __1__ It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cycle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. __2__ In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
The researchers examined cells, mice, and burnt injury databases. __3__ Nighttime burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock at night and 8 o’clock the next morning—were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.
But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock in the morning and 8 o’clock at night—were 95 percent healed. __4__
Wounds are very costly to treat. __5__ In Britain’s National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion per year．Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.
A．Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.
B．The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.
C．Specifically, their investigation found the following information.
D．The new study’s findings could help scientists develop better drugs.
E．In other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.
F．Worldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on wound?treatment services.
G．That’s what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了人体昼夜节律影响伤口愈合速度的研究结果。
1．解析 B 顺承关系。本段主要介绍人体昼夜节律的定义和功能。根据空前的circadian rhythm(昼夜节律)和空后的It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cycle可知，B项符合语境，其中的The circadian rhythm承接上文，故选B项。
2.解析 A 顺承关系。空前讲到了人体昼夜节律的功能，A项进一步介绍人体昼夜节律的基本情况，其中的Each cycle与空前一句中的a cycle呼应，故选A项。
3．解析 C 顺承关系。空前一句讲到研究人员检查了细胞、老鼠和烧伤的数据库，空后是研究人员的发现，C项承上启下，符合语境，故选C项。
4．解析 E 总结关系。上一段讲述夜晚伤口的愈合情况，本段讲述白天伤口的愈合情况，再结合选项内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E项。
5．解析 F 诠释关系。本段第一句是中心句，主要讲述治疗伤口的费用昂贵，F项符合语境，故选F项。
快解：本段主要讲的是治疗伤口的费用昂贵，选项中只有F项提到了费用问题，据此可直接锁定答案。
Ⅲ 短文改错
(2019·河北辛集中学月考)
Dear Mike，
I’m sorry to hear that you are in hospital with eyesight decreasing and some other ①. I hope you will recover soon.
You said that it was by surfing on ② the Internet too much that your illness ③ caused. That’s true. A friend of ④， who often does the same thing, is beginning to feel ⑤ too. He says that he can’t see now as ⑥ as before. And my teachers often tell us whether⑦ it’s harmful for us to spend much time on the Internet every day. Instead, we should work out to keep healthy, because ⑧ is more important than health. Only if we have a sound body ⑨ we study better.
⑩ the doctor’s advice and don’t worry, and you will be fine soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
① 解析 symptom为可数名词，其前有some other修饰，应用复数形式。
② 解析 surf the Internet上网(冲浪)，为固定搭配。
③ 解析 根据本句中的said可知，此处应用一般过去时。
④ 解析 此处表示“我的一个朋友”，应用名词性物主代词mine。“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”为固定用法。
⑤ 解析 根据本句中的is beginning to可知，此处表示“我”的一个朋友也开始感觉不舒服，无比较含义，故用原级bad。
⑥ 解析 此处作状语修饰动词see，应用副词。
⑦ 解析 此处引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语；从句中不缺少成分，故应用that引导，或省略that。
⑧ 解析 根据句意可知，此处表示“没有什么东西”，故用nothing。
⑨ 解析 only置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句应部分倒装。
⑩ 解析 根据and及don’t worry可知，此处为由and连接的并列祈使句，故用动词原形。
PAGE
1
课时达标(五) Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
阅读提速练
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 人与社会·社会服务 体裁 应用文
词 数 315 难度
China Train Guide
Quick guide on China train travel
If you’re looking for an affordable and comfortable way to get around China, train travel is the way to go.Getting train information and cheap train tickets has never been easier. Online train ticket booking makes it easy for travelers to look through China’s train timetable, compare train fares, and look for ticket availability.Once you’ve found a suitable train, you can book online and pick your tickets up at the train station or get them delivered to your home or hotel.Train tickets can be booked online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 30 days before departure.
How to choose train types
When you’re buying China train tickets online, you’ll notice that the journey duration differs depending on which type of train you choose.China train types can be recognized by their letter codes.G，D and C trains are high?speed trains, while Z，T and K are slower or overnight trains.China’s high?speed trains run mainly between Chinese provincial capitals and first?tier Chinese cities.G trains(high?speed trains, standing for gaotie)are China’s bullet trains—the fastest trains with a maximum speed of 400 km/h.Tickets for these trains are the most expensive.
How to buy train tickets
Unless you can read Chinese, there are only two ways to make train reservations in China：
—Online train ticket booking with a travel agency (up to 30 days before departure)．
—At the train station/local ticket agency with your passport (up to 28 days before departure)．
How to read train tickets
When reading your train ticket, please take note of the Chinese characters and pinyin printed next to your departure/arrival city.Directions (north, south, east, and west) appear in pinyin (bei, nan, dong, and xi), not English.Please make sure you are going to the correct train station.
语篇导读 本文主要向外国游客介绍了在中国乘火车出行时的注意事项。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Traveling by train in China is not very expensive.
B．It’s difficult to get train information in China.
C．You can get on the train without tickets after booking online.
D．Train tickets online are available at any time within 30 days before you leave.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据Quick guide on China train travel部分的第一句可知，在中国乘火车旅行是经济实惠且舒适的，故选A项。
2．If Mr Smith needs to travel from Jinan to Beijing for something urgent, he’d better take ________.
A．G trains B．Z trains
C．T trains D．overnight trains
解析 A 推理判断题。根据How to choose train types部分的倒数第二句可知，高铁是中国速度最快的火车，有急事应选择高铁；同时根据该部分可知，高铁、动车、城铁这样的快速列车主要在省会城市和一线城市间运行，济南、北京分别是省会和一线城市，有高铁通行，故选A项。
3．Who are the intended readers of the passage?
A．Native tourists． B．Travel agencies．
C．Foreign travelers． D．Businessmen.
解析 C 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据Quick guide on China train travel部分的第一句及How to buy train tickets部分的At the train station/local ticket agency with your passport可推知，本文的目标读者应该是外国游客，故选C项。
B
课标话题 人与社会·法律常识与法治意识 体裁 说明文
词 数 215 难度
(2019·重庆南开中学摸底)China’s first law on public libraries officially came into effect from 2018.
The law, passed by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee on Nov 4, 2017, asks governments at county levels or above to establish public libraries to provide reading space for residents and improve cultural developments.
The law, with the aim of delivering better services to the public, states that modern technology should be integrated(结合) into public libraries, with more digital content and networks.
According to the law, public libraries shall strengthen the protection of ancient books, and publicise books by exhibitions, lectures and reproductions to spread Chinese traditional culture.
“Public libraries must not hold or allow organisations or individuals to hold activities that go against the laws, including those that harm the national security or infringe on(限制) public interests，” according to the law.
“It provides public libraries, especially the national ones, with a strong support for further development，” said Han Yongjin, director of the National Library of China. “In the meantime, I feel great responsibility and honour.”
“The law strengthens the responsibility of the government in library construction, service and socialisation，” said Li Guoxin, a professor of public culture studies at Peking University.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》的生效日期、内容及得到的相关评价。
4．What does the law ask governments at county levels or above to found public libraries for?
A．To carry out the new law on public libraries.
B．To strengthen the relationships among people.
C．To make people know more about public libraries.
D．To supply reading space to people and improve cultural levels.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这项法律要求县级以上人民政府设立公共图书馆，目的是给社会公众提供阅读空间，提高文化水平，故选D项。
5．Which can reflect modern technology in public libraries?
A．Better services.
B．More people reading there.
C．Many different kinds of books.
D．More digital content and networks.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的modern technology…and networks可知，拥有更多的数字化内容和网络才能突显图书馆的现代技术，故选D项。
6．What’s the purpose of asking public libraries to protect ancient books and publicise books?
A．To make public libraries popular.
B．To promote Chinese traditional culture.
C．To attract more people to public libraries.
D．To make more people know the law about public libraries.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，公共图书馆加强保护古籍和宣传图书，目的是为了传播中国传统文化，故选B项。
7．What can we learn from Han Yongjin’s words?
A．He dislikes the law. B．He is indifferent to the law.
C．He thinks highly of the law. D．He thinks the law is special.
解析 C 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可推知，韩永进对这项法律表示赞成，给予了很高的评价，故选C项。
C
课标话题 人与社会·科学精神 体裁 应用文
词 数 363 难度
Google says it will no longer permit its artificial intelligence, or AI technology to be used in any activities involving weapons. The policy was one of several new principles aimed at guiding the company’s development and sale of AI technology and tools.
The principles were announced after more than 3,000 Google employees signed a document calling for the company to cancel an AI agreement, known as Project Maven, with the U．S. Department of Defense.
Kirk O. Hanson is the director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University in California. The center examines how ethics can be used as guidelines for technology development. He decided that the protest by Google employees against the U．S. military agreement was based on fears that AI technology could lead to the creation of weapons which might cause disasters to humans.
“If you have artificial intelligence which identifies targets and automatically launches weapons, you have an autonomous weapon. Just as with driverless vehicles, autonomous weapon systems may not be as safe as their supporters promise. We should be more concerned about how an autonomous weapon might make a mistake. Is that artificial intelligence targeting system as good as we think it is? And until we have trust that those systems will not make mistakes, we’re going to keep skeptical about the use of artificial intelligence.”
A top Department of Defense official was asked about the use of autonomous weapons during an event last year at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. Air Force General Paul J. Selva, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said such systems should never be used to replace human commanders.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai said the company does not plan to stop providing AI technology for all military uses. He said Google will still seek government projects in areas such as military training, Internet security and search and rescue.
语篇导读 谷歌发布人工智能应用原则，宣布将禁止其AI技术武器化，但仍会与军方合作。
8．What new policy has Google announced about its AI technology?
A．To expand its application fields.
B．To absorb advanced technologies.
C．To encourage its exchange activities.
D．To restrict serving military purposes.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，谷歌公司宣布不再允许其人工智能技术被用在任何涉及武器的活动中，即不用于军事目的，故选D项。
9．The underlined word “ethics” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A．moral principles B．military challenges
C．traditional virtues D．applied technologies
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的can be used as guidelines可知，此处表示某种规范；结合画线处下一句可知AI武器可能给人类带来灾难，因此可推知，应是“道德规范”，故选A项。
10．What is Hanson’s attitude to the AI technology for defense?
A．Enthusiastic． B．Doubtful.
C．Positive． D．Confused.
解析 B 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Hanson对人工智能技术用于国防持怀疑态度，故选B项。
11．What can we infer about Google and the Department of Defense?
A．They blame each other for the deal.
B．They share the same concern about AI.
C．No more deals will be possible between them.
D．They will continue to cooperate in other areas.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，谷歌将在军事训练、互联网安全与搜救等非武器方面和国防部继续合作，故选D项。
D
课标话题 人与社会·人际关系与社会交往 体裁 夹叙夹议文
词 数 274 难度
The use of gentleness and friendliness is demonstrated day after day by people who have learned that a drop of honey catches more flies than a gallon of gall(一加仑胆汁). F．Gale Connor of Lutherville, Maryland, proved this when he had to take his four?month?old car to the service department of the car dealer for the third time. He told our class：“It was obvious that talking to, reasoning with or shouting at the service manager was not going to lead to the satisfactory resolution of my problems.”
“I walked over to the showroom and asked to see the agency owner, Mr White. After a short wait, I went into Mr White’s office. I introduced myself and explained to him that I had bought my car from his dealership because of the recommendation of friends who had had previous dealings with him. I was told that his prices were very competitive and that his service was outstanding. He smiled with satisfaction as he listened to me. I then explained the problem I was having with the service department. ’I thought you might want to be aware of any situation that might damage your fine reputation，’ I added. He thanked me for calling this to his attention and assured me that my problem would be taken care of. Not only did he personally get involved, but he also lent me his car to use while mine was being repaired.”
The sun can make you take off your coat more quickly than the wind; and kindness, the friendly approach and appreciation can make people change their minds more readily than all the storms in the world. Remember that Lincoln said：“A drop of honey catches more flies than a gallon of gall.”
语篇导读 本文讲述了F.Gale Connor找销售方处理车子质量问题，并借此论述了温和友好态度的重要性。
12．Lincoln’s words were used to stress ________.
A．the harm of being cold B．the power of being warm
C．the effect of being generous D．the advantage of being patient
解析 B 推理判断题。根据文章首句可推知，作者引用林肯这句名言是为了强调人际交往中温和与友好态度的重要性，故选B项。
13．What was F．Gale Connor’s problem?
A．His car broke down again. B．His car was beyond repair.
C．He wanted to get a new car. D．He wanted to get his money back.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，F.Gale Connor遇到的问题是他新买的汽车四个月就坏了三次，故选A项。
14．F.Gale Connor solved his problem ________.
A．in a friendly way B．in an interesting way
C．by arguing with Mr White D．by reasoning with Mr White
解析 A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，F.Gale Connor既没有跟销售方大吵大闹，也没有争辩和理论，而是通过温和、友好的方式解决了问题，故选A项。
15．What do we learn about Mr White?
A．His cars were very expensive. B．His service was very terrible.
C．He was very stubborn. D．He was very helpful.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，销售方负责人White先生不但亲自跟进了汽车的维修问题，而且还把自己的汽车借给了F.Gale Connor，由此判断他非常乐于助人，故选D项。
Ⅱ 七选五
课标话题 人与社会·社会热点问题 体裁 说明文
词 数 203 难度
(2019·长郡中学月考)Empty nest syndrome(综合症) is a phenomenon in which parents experience feelings of sadness and loss when the last child leaves home. You might find it difficult to suddenly have no children at home who need your care. __1__ If you have only one child, you might have a particularly difficult time adjusting to an empty nest.
__2__ In the past, research suggested that parents dealing with empty nest syndrome experienced a sense of loss that makes them easy to experience depression, alcoholism and identity crisis. __3__ When the last child leaves home, parents have a new opportunity to improve the quality of their marriage and restart interests for which they previously might not have had time.
If you’re experiencing feelings of loss due to empty nest syndrome, take action. __4__ This might be an opportune time to explore or return to hobbies, leisure activities, or career pursuits.
Many suggest preparing for an empty nest while your children are still living with you. __5__ They may include family vacations, long talks, and taking time off from work to make special memories. Also, make specific plans for the extra money, time, and space that will become available when children are no longer living at home.
A．What’s the impact of empty nest syndrome?
B．You might also worry about your children’s safety.
C．What can parents do to deal with empty nest syndrome?
D．Make plans with the family while everyone is still under the same roof.
E．Social support can be incredibly helpful during times of stress and loneliness.
F．For example, time and energy that you directed toward your child can now be spent on different areas of your life.
G．However, recent studies suggest that an empty nest might reduce work and family conflicts, and provide parents with many other benefits.
语篇导读 本文介绍了空巢综合症的症状以及原因，讲述了空巢的好处和坏处，并给出了一些应对空巢综合症的建议。
1．解析 B 并列关系。根据空前一句可知，需要父母照顾的孩子突然离开家以后，父母可能难以适应，因此此处应该也是父母难以适应的原因，故选B项。
快解：根据空前的You might和空后的you might可知，此处形式应该与这两处一致，故选B项。
2．解析 A 总分关系。根据下一句可知，这些情况都是空巢的不利影响，A项(空巢综合症的后果是什么)引出下文，故选A项。
3．解析 G 转折关系。根据下一句可知，空后讲述空巢的好处，而空前在讨论空巢的坏处，因此空处需要一个转折过渡句，故选G项。
4．解析 F 例证关系。根据上下文可知，此处应与空巢父母怎样分配时间、精力有关；结合选项可知，只有F项符合，故选F项。
5．解析 D 顺承关系。根据上下文可知，D项(趁着孩子离家前就为空巢作准备，一起制订计划)符合语境，且D项中的make plans与下文中的make specific plans相呼应，故选D项。
语言知识运用练与写作规范练
Ⅲ 完形填空
课标话题 人与社会·人际关系与社会交往 体裁 记叙文
词 数 257 难度
(2019·日照校际联测)Making friends can be a challenge, and it becomes even harder as one gets older. __1__ , people often overlook the reality that for many elderly people, living alone can lead to serious __2__ and sadness. Marleen Brooks of California was __3__ of this when she came home to find a(n) __4__ note from her 90?year?old neighbor, whom she’d __5__ spoken to before.
The elderly woman had __6__ Marleen to admit that she was extremely lonely, asking if the two of them could be friends. The note read：“Would you __7__ becoming my friend？I’m 90 years old—live alone. All my friends have passed away. I’m so lonesome and scared. Please I __8__ for someone.”
Marleen sent a photo of the note to a local news __9__ , who shared it on his Facebook page along with a(n) __10__ from Marleen：“Came home to this note, which makes my heart sad, but on the __11__ side it looks like I will be getting a new friend.”
Later, Marleen went over and __12__ herself to her elderly neighbor, Wanda. During the visit, Wanda __13__ to Marleen about her constant isolation and how __14__ she was to meet her.
__15__ lonely elderly people, having someone around makes all the difference in the world, __16__ it seems like a small thing to __17__ them and have a conversation. The newsreader reminded his __18__ in the post, “I would __19__ that maybe you can knock on their door and say hi. I know it would mean the __20__ to them.”
1．A．Additionally B．Honestly
C．Obviously D．Sadly
2．A.illness B．loneliness
C．tiredness D．bitterness
3．A.reminded B．informed
C．convinced D．required
4．A.delicate B．thoughtful
C．heartbreaking D．impressive
5．A.ever B．never
C．still D．even
6．A.contacted B．advised
C．promised D．inspired
7．A.fancy B．enjoy
C．regret D．consider
8．A.pray B．prepare
C．answer D．wait
9．A.reporter B．presenter
C．publisher D．editor
10．A.announcement B．comment
C．explanation D．composition
11．A.bright B．right
C．effective D．practical
12．A.recommended B．addressed
C．introduced D．devoted
13．A.opened up B．came over
C．held on D．turned back
14．A.nervous B．pleased
C．cautious D．embarrassed
15．A.In regard to B．In response to
C．In view of D．In terms of
16．A.now that B．so that
C．even if D．only if
17．A.recognize B．greet
C．encourage D．comfort
18．A.colleagues B．acquaintances
C．family D．audience
19．A.ask B．command
C．ensure D．predict
20．A.hope B．benefit
C．surprise D．world
语篇导读 作者通过讲述一位老妇人写便条请求与邻居交朋友的事情，呼吁大家关注孤独的老年人。
1．解析 D 上文讲随着年龄的增长人们交友会更加困难，下文提到人们往往忽略独居会导致老年人孤独和悲伤这一事实。additionally此外；obviously明显地；honestly诚实地；sadly不幸地，故选D项。
2．解析 B 参见上题解析。illness疾病；loneliness孤独，寂寞；tiredness疲倦；bitterness痛苦，怨愤。下文中的she was extremely lonely亦是提示，故选B项。
3．解析 A 根据语境可知，此处指Marleen Brooks回到家发现了一张来自90岁邻居的便条，这提醒(remind)她注意到了这个事实。inform通知；convince使确信；require要求，故选A项。
4．解析 C 根据下文中老妇人所写便条的内容及Came home to this note, which makes my heart sad可知，这张便条是令人心碎的(heartbreaking)。delicate精致的，精美的；thoughtful深思熟虑的；impressive引人注目的，故选C项。
5．解析 B 根据语境可知，Marleen与这位90岁的邻居之前从没有(never)说过话，故选B项。
6．解析 A 根据语境及选项可知，这位老妇人联系(contact)Marleen，承认自己非常孤独，并询问她们俩能否成为朋友，故选A项。
7．解析 D 根据语境可知，此处指老妇人问Marleen：“你愿意考虑(consider)成为我的朋友吗？”，故选D项。
8．解析 A 根据上文中的All my friends have passed away. I’m so lonesome and scared可知，老妇人所有的朋友都已经去世了，她感到非常孤独和恐惧。所以此处指她祈求(pray)有人能与自己交朋友，故选A项。
9．解析 B 根据最后一段中的The newsreader可知，此处指的是Marleen将这张便条拍成照片发给了一位当地的新闻播音员(presenter)，故选B项。
10．解析 C 根据下文中的Came home to this note…getting a new friend可知，这是Marleen针对照片写的一段说明性文字(explanation)，故选C项。
11．解析 A 根据语境可知，but连接的两个分句间存在转折关系，且空后的it looks like I will be getting a new friend表示的是积极含义，故bright符合语境。bright side光明面，令人高兴的一面，故选A项。
12．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处指随后Marleen走过去向年老的邻居介绍(introduce)了自己。recommend推荐；address提出，处理；devote献身，致力于，故选C项。
13．解析 A 根据语境可知，此处指老妇人向Marleen袒露心声，诉说自己一直以来的孤独以及见到Marleen有多高兴。open up直抒胸臆，畅所欲言；come over短暂造访；hold on抓紧；turn back重新开始(做某事)，故选A项。
14．解析 B 参见上题解析。pleased高兴的，符合语境。nervous紧张的；cautious谨慎的；embarrassed尴尬的，故选B项。
15．解析 D 对于孤独年老的人来说，有人在身边会让世界大不相同。in regard to关于，至于；in response to作为对……的答复；in view of 鉴于，由于；in terms of对……而言，故选D项。
16．解析 C 根据语境可知，此处指即使(even if)与他们打招呼并交谈一下看起来(只)是一件小事。now that既然；so that以便；only if只有，故选C项。
17．解析 B 参见上题解析。greet和(某人)打招呼(或问好)，符合语境。下文中的say hi亦是提示。recognize认出；encourage鼓励；comfort安慰，故选B项。
18．解析 D 这位新闻播音员在他的Facebook分享中提醒他的听众(audience)：“我请求大家，或许你们可以去敲他们的门，(和他们)打招呼。”故选D项。
19．解析 A 参见上题解析。ask请求，要求；command命令；ensure确保；predict预测，故选A项。
20．解析 D 此处呼应上文中的makes all the difference in the world，指这对老年人非常重要。mean the world to sb对某人非常重要，故选D项。
Ⅳ 语法填空
课标话题 人与社会·物质文化遗产 体裁 说明文
词 数 207 难度
(2019·辽宁五校协作体模拟)The Forbidden City, 1.____________(locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.
But more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing 2.____________(serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes.
Most structures aren’t made to survive 3.____________(nature) disasters, let alone those built hundreds of years ago.
To show 4.____________ strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and 5.____________(engineer) were shown building a scale model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.
The model 6.____________(put) to the test. It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved 7.____________(gentle) during the test.
According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, lies in dougong— 8.____________ old building method invented in China.
In spite of being held together 9.____________ any nails or glue, dougong is perfect at 10.____________(keep) structures together. So as China’s most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
语篇导读 本文揭秘故宫六百年遇200次地震仍岿然不倒的真相。
1．located 解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，空前无连词，故用非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处充当定语，省略了which is；be located at表示“位于”。
2．to serve 解析 考查非谓语动词。manage后面接动词作宾语时，应用动词不定式，故填to serve。manage to do sth成功做某事。serve up提供；上菜。
3．natural 解析 考查词性转换。空处充当定语，修饰disasters，说明被修饰词的性质，表示“自然的”，故用形容词natural。
4．how 解析 考查副词。句意：为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实，英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了中国古代建筑设计师们的技艺。感叹句中how表示“多么”，修饰形容词strong。
5．engineers 解析 考查名词的数。根据句意及限定词A group of可知，应用名词engineer的复数形式。
6．was put 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时；主语为The model，谓语应用单数；主语The model与谓语动词put构成动宾关系，故用was put。
7．gently 解析 考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰动词moved，故用副词gently。
8．an 解析 考查冠词。method是可数名词，这里表示泛指一种，故用不定冠词；old以元音音素开头，故填an。
9．without 解析 考查介词。根据上下文可知，用斗拱这种技术建造房子不需钉子和胶水，故用without。
10．keeping 解析 考查非谓语动词。空处充当介词at的宾语，故用keep的动名词形式。
Ⅴ 短文改错
I am glad to know that a DV competition will be ① next month. All the senior students are welcome to film videos about the colorful school life, ② will go by soon. Those who are interested are expected to limit the videos to 5 minutes and ③ upload ④ to the school website.
Though not ⑤ expert in video?making, but⑥ I still want to have a try. I ⑦ take this chance to record those wonderful ⑧ with my teachers and friends. ⑨ my opinion, nothing is ⑩ valuable and meaningful than the days with them.
① 解析 a DV competition与谓语动词hold之间是动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态。hold的过去分词为held。
② 解析 此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词school life指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
③ 解析 此处作状语修饰动词upload，应用副词形式。
④ 解析 此处指代前面的videos，作upload的宾语，应用宾格them。
⑤ 解析 expert以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。
⑥ 解析 though引导让步状语从句时，不与but连用，但可与yet连用。
⑦ 解析 此处表示“我将抓住这次机会”，应用一般将来时。
⑧ 解析 moment为可数名词，根据前面的those可知，此处应用复数形式。
⑨ 解析 in one’s opinion在某人看来，为固定搭配。
⑩ 解析 根据than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。
Ⅵ 书面表达
假定你是李华，计划在暑假期间骑行游览丝绸之路西安至兰州路段(约660千米)。请给你的加拿大朋友Henry写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．出发时间；2.骑行路线；3.注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Henry，
How is everything going? Knowing you are interested in touring China, I’m writing to invite you to join me in a bike trip along the Silk Road during the summer vacation.
We are to meet in Xi’an, the starting point of the journey, on July 20. Then we’ll ride through Shaanxi Province, and finally stop in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, covering a length of approximately 660 kilometers. The journey is a part of the Silk Road, during which we can admire the splendid scenery. Besides, we need to prepare some necessities such as food, water, tents and jackets for our trip. I’m expecting to enjoy the exciting trip with you.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
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