2015-2019高考英语阅读理解七选五（记叙文、议论文&夹叙夹议文）原卷版
（2019新课标I）Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
(2019全国卷II)
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
（2019全国 III卷）
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
(2019北京卷）
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed .For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star isfor example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance——not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
（2019浙江卷）
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
(2018全国I卷)
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
While all of them are useful
Whatever you’re looking for
If you’re experimenting with a color
Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
(2018全国II卷)
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
● Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
● 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
You will stick to your diet.
Your quality of sleep improves.
You prefer healthy food to fast food.
There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
(2018全国III卷)
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
38 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 40 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
（2018北京卷）
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior， and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events, personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations. 46
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 47 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 48 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
49 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative（消极的） outlooks on situations can create anger.
50 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
（2018浙江卷）
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk， take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
35 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
（2017全国I卷）
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insects bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.
37 We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor`s bill for my son`s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.
38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A．This?time?there?was?no?tent. B．Things?are?going?to?be?improved. C．The?trip?they?took?me?on?was?a?rough?one. D．I?was?to?learn?a?lot?about?camping?since?then,?however. E．I?must?say?that?I?have?certainly?come?to?enjoy?camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
（2017全国Ⅱ卷）
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
（2017全国卷Ⅲ）
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
? 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
?Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
?Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39
?Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
（2017北京卷）
E Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 ＂You keep what matters,＂ Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
（2017浙江卷）How to Do Man on the Street Interviews
The man on the street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man?on?the?street interview experience can be easy.
?When your boss or professor sends you out to do man?on?the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, "Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?" 32
?Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, "Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic." This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
?Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.
Don’t get discouraged.
? 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35
?If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a "Yes" or "No" reply.
（2016全国I卷）
Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters are “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 20 13 5”.
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
It is very hard to break a code without a code book.
In any language, some letters are used more than others.
Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
（2016全国Ⅱ卷）
A garden that's just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
● 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 39 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It's our experience of the garden that matters
D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
（2016全国Ⅲ卷）
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
（2016北京卷）
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
(2016·四川卷)
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
38???They?help?the?body?defend?itself?against?some?kinds?of?infections.?This?means?that?women?generally?get?sick?less?often?and?less?seriously?than?men.?The?common?cold?is?a?good?example:?women,?on?average,?get?fewer?colds?than?men.39????Scientists?are?still?not?exactly?sure?how?influence?aging,?but?they?believe?that?they?do.?Some?think?that?a?woman’s?body?cells?have?a?tendency(向)?to?age?more?slowly?than?a?man’s.?Others?think?that?a?man’s?body?cells?have?a?tendency?to?age?more?quickly.?40?? A．However,?women,?on?average,?live?longer. B?.The?biological?factor?plays?an?important?part. C.?Women?are?also?helped?by?their?female?genes. D.?The?female?hormones?also?protect?the?body?in?another?way. E.?Recent?research?seems?to?support?both?of?these?possibilities. F.?Therefore,?women?are?more?healthy?than?men?and?can?live?a?better?life. G.?Hormones?are?chemicals?which?are?produced?by?the?body?to?control?carious?body?functions.
（2015全国I卷）
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. 37 It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
●?38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
●?39 If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a "victim mentality". At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.?
●You didn't lose "everything".Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
（2015全国Ⅱ卷）
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
（2015北京卷）
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First, understand that some opportunities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task — preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. "Mindfulness", being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone.
2015-2019高考英语阅读理解七选五（记叙文、议论文&夹叙夹议文）解析版
（2019新课标I）
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____. In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36．E根据空前的 “people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”与fresh air相关的选项A、D、E，下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E。
37．A段落主题句。根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故选A。
38．G 根据In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.在这些地方，患者在康复期间可以接近自然。是指恢复相关只有G选项提到该类名词，故选G。
39．C 承上启下句。前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用，空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。身处大自然可以使人精神焕发，故选C。
40．D段落主题句。根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
(2019全国卷II)
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ . More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36 G承上启下句。Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面。讲的是“动机和目标设定”，与其相符选项是G，故选G。
37 B段落主题句。下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38A承上启下。空前说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。选项A ：“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39 E结合空前“记得，目标是灵活的”。也就说：目标不是一成不变的，与变化相关，故选E。
40C承上启下。根据上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但因为你的视力不够好。”梦想不能实现肯定会产生有不良的情绪，与不良情绪相关，故选C。
（2019全国 III卷）
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. A 39. C 40. F
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36．E根据段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选E。
37．G段落主题句。根据空后句意Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的）与问题相关，故选G。
38．A承上启下句。根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39．C根据句首Don't share personal information or stories. 不要分享个人信息或故事。与个人信息或故事相关 ，故选C。
40．F根据主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满告诫读者和空后“不要在社交媒体上攻击教授”也就说：“每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课”，故选F。
(2019北京卷）
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed .For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star isfor example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance——not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. G 49. D 50. F
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
46.B承上启下句。空前“大多数人认为，建立一支伟大团队的最佳方式是聚集一批最有才华的人。”和下文 “公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。可推断出与“吸引顶尖人才”相关，故选B。
47.E段落主题句。下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”与体育方面相关， 故选E。
48.G承上启下句。上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，故选G。
49.D承接上文句。上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，可知 “球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”，故选D。
50.F段落主题句。下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”可知，“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”，故选F。
（2019浙江卷）
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. G 35. E
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31.C承上启下句。Rock music consists of many different styles.主题句是讲述摇滚音乐有关，根据空后的at that time可知讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。
32.B承上启下句。根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此处描述了他们的影响， 故选B。
33.A段落主题句。根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，故选A。
34.G承上启下句。根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G中的关键词their first concert 前后呼应。故选G。
35.E结尾句。根据上一句Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 多亏了甲壳虫乐队，许多机会向市场上的新面孔敞开了大门。可知有许多新乐队跟随甲壳虫的步伐，故选E。
(2018全国I卷)
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
While all of them are useful
Whatever you’re looking for
If you’re experimenting with a color
Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40.F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在房间装饰设计中颜色的重要性，并详细说明了小、中、大三种规格的装饰颜色的不同作用。
36. B 承上启下句。上文提到可知，接下来将是对上文的总结，无论你找什么样的房间，颜色是关键。且选项B中的looking for和上文的want和looking for相呼应，故选B。
37. A承上启下句。空格上一句提到，多年来，有许多不同的工艺帮助设计师达到这一目标。由此可推断，这些工艺都很有用。选项A中的them指代的是different techniques，故选A。
38. D段落主题句。下文讲：“小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。”由此可知，本段介绍的是small color choices。故选D。
39. G承上启下句。前句讲“中等颜色的选择通常是家具件，如坐式桌子、餐桌或书架。”后句讲“他们需要更大的承诺，而不是更小的承诺，他们对空间的感觉有更强大的影响。”可知中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面。与选项G中的two major ways相呼应，故选G。
40. F 结尾句。前句“大的方面的颜色选择所投入的时间、精力和相关费用都是相当多的。”与选项F中的pay相呼应。因而，墙壁、天花板、地板等颜色的选择是你首先要搞定的，故选F。
(2018全国II卷)
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
● Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
● 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
You will stick to your diet.
Your quality of sleep improves.
You prefer healthy food to fast food.
There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
If you are planning to do exercise regularly or you’re doing it now, and then listen up!
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40.A
【语篇解读】本文从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。
36.G承上启下句。根据空前“在如此忙碌的生活中，很难尝试并找到时间去锻炼。”和空后“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处。”及接下来的段落是在讲的好处， 故选G。
37.E承上启下句。根据前句“锻炼会让你更清醒，并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切” 可知，运动后你可以保持头脑清醒。more awake与E项中的clear照应，故选E。
38.F承上启下句。由此空后的"getting...the whole day"与F项中的"burn calories throughout the day"一致可知“在你运动之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里”，故选F。
39.B段落主题句。根据句后：研究发现，早睡锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得好。可知与睡眠好有关，与B“你的睡眠质量提高了”相符，故选B。
40.A段落主题句。根据本段中的"healthy food"和"junk food"可知与diet有关，故选A。
(2018全国III卷)
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
38 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 40 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了舞蹈的有着悠久的历史，它传递着人们的丰富情感：爱与恨、乐与悲、生与死……
36.B段落主题句。根据后面：我们从佛罗里达到阿拉斯加跳舞，从北到南，从海上到大海。我们在婚礼、生日、办公室聚会上跳舞，只是为了节省时间。语境描述了跳舞的时空，故可知在美国，舞蹈无处不在。故选B。
37.D承上启下句。 根据空前"Teaching dance is wonderful."可知，下文应与教别人跳舞有关， 故选D。
38.A段落主题句。根据空后主要讲了跳舞之后人们心情会变好，与下文构成因果关系。由此可知，此处是提出问题，故选A。
39.F根据前一句“他们情绪低落地来到教室，带着微笑离开了。”表示跳过舞后人们心情的积极变化，与F选项中change their feeling相符，故选F。
40.E承上启下句。根据后句“我发现很难停下来！”与E选项I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired. “即使我极度疲劳，我也会一直在练习。”相符， 故选E。
（2018北京卷）
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior， and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events, personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations. 46
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 47 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 48 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
49 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative（消极的） outlooks on situations can create anger.
50 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【答案】46.F 47. G 48. E 49. A 50. D
【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了人为什么生气。
46.F结尾句。根据前一句"The main reasons we get angry are triggering (触发) events, personality traits (特征), and our assessment of situations"以及下文可知，空格处的内容与生气的主要原因有关。故选F。
47.G承上启下句。根据空格后的"The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits"可知，每个人对触发事件的反应是不一样的。与G项相呼应，故选 G。
48.E承上启下句。上文中的"competitiveness and low upset tolerance"和下文中的" pre-anger "与E项中的"these personality traits"和" pre-anger "分别相呼应。故选E。
49.A段落主题句。根据该段中的"Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger"可知，空格处涉及我们的态度和对形势的看法会引发愤怒。故选A。
50.D段落主题句。根据空格后的"However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence"可知，空格处与之存在语意上的转折关系。故选D。
（2018浙江卷）
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk， take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
35 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
【答案】31. G 32.F 33. E 34. B 35.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了如何快速地融入新的社区的几个窍门。
31.G承上启下句。根据前一句"The easiest way to...a good neighbor should"最简单方法是确保自己作为好邻居的行为。 与G项给出“帮你快速在社区中获得大家的友谊的窍门” 起到很好地过渡作用，故选G。
32.F承上启下句。由上文的"keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair"和下文的"in great shape"可知，把自己的房前屋后整理干净，保持良好状况，才能成为一个好邻居，从而赢得邻居们的尊重，故选F 。
33.E承上启下句。由上文提到的"When...a small garbage bag"和下文的"This small act...care about the area"可知， E选项能与上下文的信息连接顺畅。故选E。
34.B段落主题句。由下文的"offer to collect mail and newspapers" "offer to do the grocery shopping" "you are there to help"可知，乐于助人，时刻能给邻居们帮助，这也是赢得邻居们尊重和快速融入社区的窍门，故选B。
35.C段落主题句。根据下文的"respecting others, taking care of""taking pride"等可知，尊重他人，关心邻里，体贴他人，以社区为荣，做好邻居，故选C。
（2017全国I卷）
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insects bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.
37 We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor`s bill for my son`s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A．This?time?there?was?no?tent.
B．Things?are?going?to?be?improved.
C．The?trip?they?took?me?on?was?a?rough?one.
D．I?was?to?learn?a?lot?about?camping?since?then,?however.
E．I?must?say?that?I?have?certainly?come?to?enjoy?camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【答案】36.D 37.C 38.A 39.F 40.E
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，讲述三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。
36．D根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营。暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。前后发生转折，故选D。
37.C 段落主题句。根据后文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营条件很艰苦，C选项中的rough暗示了这一点，故选C。
38.A承上启下句。根据后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. 说明作者第二次露营有床有空调，可知作者第二次露营条件比第一次好，故选A。
39.F段落主题句。根据后文可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全。既然花了这么大精力，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。故选F。
40.E段落主题句。根据上文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营和后文It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，可知作者已经喜欢上露营，故选E。
（2017全国Ⅱ卷）
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. E 39. D 40. G
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。
36. B 考查承上启下句。根据上文的"Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with"以及下文的"there are several ways to handle things"可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，故选B。
37.A 考查段落主题句。 根据下文的"Tell the person you’re sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at a different time"可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故选A。
38.E 考查承上启下句。 根据上文的"let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then"及下文的"It can help to(…)"可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。
39.D 考查承上启下句。 根据上文的"don’t do it in your own office"以及下文的?"excuse yourself to get back to your work"可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。
40.G 考查承上启下句。 根据本段的首句"If you have a door to your office, make good use of it"以及下文的"when the door is closed"可知，G项符合文意。
（2017全国卷Ⅲ）
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
?﹡ 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
?﹡Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
?﹡Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39
?﹡Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38.G 39.F 40. E
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯。
36.C 考查承上启下句。根据前句In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 事实上，早上醒来的关键是重置你的生物钟。和后一句代词one指代"计划"一词，故选C。
37.B考查段落主题句。根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动机，故选B。
38.G考查承上启下句。根据后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡，早上可以多睡一会儿，可知与咖啡有关，故选G。?
39. F考查承上启下句。根据前句But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 但最近的一项研究发现，周末的补偿性睡眠会让你在接下来的一周变得昏昏欲睡。可推断出周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致，F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。故选F。
40.E考查承上启下句。根据空前后句对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。如果前面讨论计划有效就应该坚持，故选E。
（2017北京卷）
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 ＂You keep what matters,＂ Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【答案】71. C 72. E 73. F 74. G 75. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆，为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。
71.C考查承上启下句。前句：所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样推理，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。故选C。
72.E考查承上启下句。根据上句One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 一个观点是睡眠有助于我们强化新的记忆。由此可见，睡眠对记忆的重要性 ，故选E。
73. F考查承上启下句。根据空前“睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间”，说明睡眠对学习带来的影响，故选F。
74.G考查承上启下句。根据空前Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，和空后的内容介绍了实验结果，故可推断出此处是介绍了Tononi做的相关实验，故选G。
75.B考查承上启下句。根据空前的关键词protected, stayed以及空后的keep, matters可知，B项正确。
（2017浙江卷）
How to Do Man on the Street Interviews
The man on the street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man?on?the?street interview experience can be easy.
?When your boss or professor sends you out to do man?on?the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, "Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?" 32
?Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, "Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic." This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
?Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.
Don’t get discouraged.
? 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35
?If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a "Yes" or "No" reply.
【答案】31. D 32. G 33. B 34. A 35. F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成功地做好街头的采访。
31.D考查承上启下句。该段用来引入本文的话题，根据语境尤其是下文中的"But with these tips"和"can be easy"可知，街头的采访对于新的记者来说似乎是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下建议，就能得心应手了，所以选D。
32.G考查承接上文句。由空前的"Why do you think"可知，提问时不要使用可以让对方给出"Yes"或"No"简短回答的问题，而应该提问能让被采访者多说一些内容的问题，故选G。
33.B考查承上启下句。由空前的"confidence"和下文中的"Excuse me"和"I was wondering"可知，到街头进行采访时要自信，同时也要有礼貌，故选B。
34.A考查段落主题句。由空后的"shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes ...move on to the next person"可知，要控制采访的时间，故选A。
35.F 考查段落总结句。根据空前的"A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten"可知，采访的次数不要过多，以约6至10次为宜，同时这些采访应当给出所有你需要的答案，故选F。
(2016全国卷I)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters are “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 20 13 5”.
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
It is very hard to break a code without a code book.
In any language, some letters are used more than others.
Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案】36.D 37.E 38 G 39.F 40.A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。
36.D考查逻辑关系，根据下一句“code breaking never lags behind code making”可知上一句是只要出现密码，就会有人去解码，故选D。
37.E考查句子之间的例证关系，从后面文章的举例中“For example, the first letters are ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’ ”那么前一句应该是对例子的概括，即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，E选项正确。
38.G考查文章的篇章结构，前一段是讲到了第一种方法，根据篇章结构，下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法，而根据该段的例子，即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息，所以这里关键词是another way 还有alphabet，故选G。
39.F考查逻辑关系，从上一句“To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book ”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思，F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语，故F正确。
40.A考查关键词以及转折关系，根据下一句出现“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long, ” 这里出现了also hard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作，故A正确。
（2016全国Ⅱ卷）
A garden that's just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
● 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 39 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It's our experience of the garden that matters
D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【答案】36.F 37.A 38.E 39.C 40.G
【语篇解读】本文介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
36.F 考查承上启下句。 根据文章首句及下文的"But it doesn’t happen by accident"可知，这里是在讲"你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的"。故F项"You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too"符合语境。
37.A 考查段落主题。句根据下文中的"a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden"可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选A项。
38.E 考查承上启下句。根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。
39.C 考查承上启下句。根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。
40.G 考查承上启下句。上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应，故选G项。
（2016全国Ⅲ卷）
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】36.G 37.D 38.F 39.A 40.B
【语篇解读】本文介绍了如何用简单的方法购买鱼和烹制鱼。
36.G 考查承上启下句。 由第1空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选G。
37.D 考查承上启下句。 空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选D"这只需要一点点知识就能做好"。
38.F 考查段落主题。段落的支撑细节始终围绕主题句展开，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，因此可以判断F项正确。
39.A 考查承上启下句。第4空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知A项正确。
40.B 考查承上启下句。本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用（以重约为一磅的鱼为例）。故选B项"最简单的方法是蒸"。
（2016北京卷）
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】71.F 72.C 73.A 74.E 75.G
【语篇解读】本文讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。
71.F 考查承上启下句。选项F中的"weigh risks and rewards"与上文的"weigh the risk and the reward"相呼应，故F项符合语境。
72.C 考查承上启下句。选项C中的"Being better at those things"与上文的"were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring"相呼应，因此选C。
73.A 考查承上启下句。前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项"这完全是由你的性格决定的"符合语境。
74.E 考查承上启下句。根据上文的"your willingness...teenage years"及下文的"hunger for new experiences..."可知E项符合语境。
75.G 考查段落主题。根据空后的"For the risk-seekers...becomes active"可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。
(2016·四川卷)
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
38???They?help?the?body?defend?itself?against?some?kinds?of?infections.?This?means?that?women?generally?get?sick?less?often?and?less?seriously?than?men.?The?common?cold?is?a?good?example:?women,?on?average,?get?fewer?colds?than?men.39????Scientists?are?still?not?exactly?sure?how?influence?aging,?but?they?believe?that?they?do.?Some?think?that?a?woman’s?body?cells?have?a?tendency(向)?to?age?more?slowly?than?a?man’s.?Others?think?that?a?man’s?body?cells?have?a?tendency?to?age?more?quickly.?40?? A．However,?women,?on?average,?live?longer. B?.The?biological?factor?plays?an?important?part. C.?Women?are?also?helped?by?their?female?genes. D.?The?female?hormones?also?protect?the?body?in?another?way. E.?Recent?research?seems?to?support?both?of?these?possibilities. F.?Therefore,?women?are?more?healthy?than?men?and?can?live?a?better?life. G.?Hormones?are?chemicals?which?are?produced?by?the?body?to?control?carious?body?functions.
【答案】36.A 37.G 38.D 39.C 40.E
【语篇解读】本文论述女性比男性寿命长的原因。
36．A考查承上启下句。文章后面说they can expect to live six or seven years more than men．她们比男人可以多活六到七年，可以推测前面应该讲的是女人。故选A。
37．G考查承上启下句。文章前一句说One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women．男女荷尔蒙不同；后一句说women produce hormones that are involved in fertility女性的荷尔蒙与生育有关，可以知道这里讲的应该是荷尔蒙的问题．故选G。 38．D考查段落主题。前面说到These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow．荷尔蒙对心脏和血液有好处；后面说They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections．它们还可以对抗感染，可以推测这里讲的应该是荷尔蒙保护身体的另外一种方式。故选D。
39．C考查承上启下句。后面一句是Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging科学家们还不清楚基因是如何对抗衰老的，可以知道前面应该说的是基因。故选C。
40．E考查段落主题。文章最后说Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency（向） to age more slowly than a man’s．Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly．女性身体细胞老化得比男人慢，或者说男人的细胞必女人老化得快．这两种可能性都得到了目前研究的支持，故选E。
(2015全国卷I)
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. 37 It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
●?38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
●?39 If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a "victim mentality". At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.?
●You didn't lose "everything".Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
【答案】36.B 37.E 38. A 39.C 40.G
【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。
36．B考查承上启下句。根据前一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。选项B中的it代指上文刚出现的trust。故选B。
37. E考查承上启下句。根据前句Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。可知选E。
38．A考查段落主题。根据后句having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选A。
39. C根据后句If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选C。
40．G考查承上启下句。根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life和后一句instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。
（2015全国Ⅱ卷）
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
【答案】36.C 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.G
【语篇解读】本文介绍了参加马拉松训练需要采取的循序渐进的策略和技巧。
36.C 考查承上启下句。根据上文中的"requires careful preparation"和下文中的"buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes"可知，此处指的应是在开始训练前需要购置合适的跑鞋，故选C。
37.E 考查承上启下句。根据上文中的"to double-check the fit"可知，应选E。E项中的"still feel good"是关键信息。
38.A 考查承上启下句。根据上文中的"During the first week"及下文中的"take a day off to rest"可推知,此处指六天后休息一天，故选A。
39.D 考查承上启下句。根据上文中的"set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run"及下文内容可知，此处指的应是每天增加半英里，故选D。
40.G 考查承上启下句。G项中的"improving distance and time"与上文中提到的延长跑步距离，记录跑步时间等内容相呼应，故选G。
（2015北京卷）
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First, understand that some opportunities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task — preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. "Mindfulness", being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone.
【答案】71.B 72.C 73.A 74.E 75.G
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了如何有效利用空想来培养创新的想法。
71.B 考查承上启下句。空前一句和空后一句都是空想家不好的外在表现，主语都是They，故答案为B项。
72.C 考查承上启下句。选项C中的"relativity, Coke or Post-it notes"与空前的"greatest ideas and achievements"和空后的"such ideas and inventions"相对应，故答案为C项。
73.A 考查承上启下句。选项A中的"also helps"与空前一句中的"help"对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的是进入空想状态的条件，故答案为A项。
74.E 考查承上启下句。本段主要谈如何避免空想。选项E中的It指代上句中的Mindfulness，此处是对上句内容的解释，故答案为E项。
75.G 考查承上启下句。选项G中的"to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby"很好地解决了上句话中提出的问题，同时Therefore很好地把两句话进行了连接，故答案为G项。
