人教版（2019）Unit 4 Natural disasters 导学课件+练习（共11份）

课件32张PPT。Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses)(Ⅰ)
that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
【情境探究】观察上面对话, 并完成句子
1. The book __________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
他昨天买的那本书很有趣。
2. Do you know the boy ____ just came in?
你认识那个刚刚进来的男孩吗? that/whichwho3. He has moved into a house ______________ face the sea. ?
他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。whose windows【要义详析】
一、分类:
　　定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1. 限制性定语从句
　　它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。*Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.
上海是我一直想参观的城市。2. 非限制性定语从句
　　它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。*The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
这个老妇人一个人住, 养了一只猫陪伴她。二、关系代词的用法
定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom以及whose。
*How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday?
你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样? (指物, 作主语)*Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗? (指人, 作主语)
*The man (who /whom/that) you’re talking to is my friend.
和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。(指人, 作宾语)*The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于17世纪。(指物, 作宾语)
*Children whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。(指人, 作定语)【名师点津】whose还是which
　　关系代词在定语从句中作定语时, 无论指人还是指物, 都要用whose, 而不能用which。
*That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。*Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world-famous?
你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗? 它的男主角是世界著名的。【知识延伸】
关系代词的用法与分类依据
1. 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;
2. 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;
3. 根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。【即学活用】用定语从句合并句子。
(1)I live next door to a couple. Their children often
make a lot of noise.
_________________________________________
__________________I live next door to a couple whose children oftenmake a lot of noise. ?(2)The man is from Peking University. I talked about
the man at the meeting. 世纪金榜导学号
_________________________________________
_______________________________The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at themeeting is from Peking University. ?(3)The boy is sitting on the chair. The boy is my brother.
_______________________________________________The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother. ?(4)The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful.
_____________________________________________The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful. ?三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1. 只用that而不用which 的情况
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
*Henry is the most energetic young man that I have ever come across.
亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。(2)先行词有序数词修饰时
*This is the third time that they have met.
这是他们第三次见面。(3)先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时
*Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。 (4)先行词既有人又有物时
*He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。 (5)先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等词修饰时
*This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。
*This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。【名师点津】the same. . . that/as区别
the same. . . that表示“同一个”(同一性)
the same. . . as表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个”(相似性)
*This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)*I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的, 非同一个)(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
(7)句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that。
*Which is the car that has overtaken us?
超过我们的是哪辆车? 2. 只用which 而不用that 的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
*I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.
我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书, 这是我的同学推荐给我的。(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时
*I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。 【名师点津】强调句与定语从句的区别
*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
*He was the student who asked the silly question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)【即学活用】选词填空(that/which)
(1)Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
(2)Have you any books ____ are worth reading?
(3)This is the best film ____ I have ever seen. ?thatthatthat(4)I’m going to talk about the countries and people
____ I have visited.
(5)Bamboo is hollow, ______ makes it very light. thatwhich课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系代词填空
1. I can tell you all that he told me last week. ?
2. Ahead of me I saw a woman who/that I thought was my aunt. ?
3. Do you know the girl who/whom/that he often talks to? ?
4. I’m one of the boys who/that are never late for school.
5. Who is the girl that is wearing a red dress?
6. George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
7. Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn? ?
8. Do you have any idea that is actually going on in the classroom?
9. It is the third time that you arrived late this month. ?
10. He always tells lies, which makes his parents angry.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. This is the magazine (that /which) I like best. ?
这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。
2. The girl who/that is singing is one of my classmates. ?
正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。
3. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist (that) we saw last night. ?
我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。
4. Everything that should be done has been done. ?
应当做的事情都已经做了。
5. This afternoon we’ll go to see the photo show (that/which) you have visited. ?
今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。
6. I’ll tell you all (that) he told me last week. ?
我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。
7. That tree whose flowers are light red looks very beautiful. ?
那棵开着粉色的花的树看起来很漂亮。
8. The girl (who/whom/that) they are talking about is Tom’s sister. ?
他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。
9. Can you lend me the book (that/which)you bought yesterday? ?
你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗?
10. Is this the factory that /which you visited the other day? ?
这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗?
使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和朋友。
1. 我父亲在本市著名的一家医院工作。(which/that)
2. 我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。(that)
3. 她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。(whose)
4. 我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。(who)
5. 我有几个一起打篮球的好朋友。(whom)
?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
　　My father works in a hospital which is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school that I study in. She likes watching TV plays whose leading actors are very famous. I am a boy who likes playing basketball. I have several good friends whom I often play basketball with.
课时素养评价 十四
Unit 4　Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ. 选词填空(that/which/who/whom/whose)
1. According to the Guinness World Records, the oldest man in the world who/that now lives in Japan is 111 years old.
2. With the development of agriculture, the people in whose village I taught before have lived a happy life.
3. There are many things in different areas that we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS. ?
4. It was in the very house that was built with stones that he spent his childhood. ?
5. He was so pleased with all that we had done for him that he wrote us a letter to praise us for it. ?
6. Is this the factory that/which you visited the other day?
7. The wolves hid themselves in the places that/which couldn’t be found.
8. He failed in the examination, which made his father very angry.
9. Didn’t you see the man who/whom/that I nodded at just now?
10. Do you hear of the writer and his novels that our teacher referred to yesterday?
Ⅱ. 用定语从句完成句子
1. 她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。
She is the girl who/that studies math hard. ?
2. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
He is the man (whom/who/ that)we talked about just now. ?
3. 这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。
This is the girl whose father is a policeman. ?
4. 他们住在一座窗户很大的房子里。
They live in a house whose windows are very large. ?
5. 我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了。
I lost the pen that /which cost me 10 yuan. ?
6. 他考试通过了, 这使他父母很高兴。
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. ?
7. 我们期望的那一天将很快来到。
The day (that/which) we expect will come soon.
8. 这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一。
This is the one of the most famous scripts that was written in the 30s. ?
9. 这正是我要为她买的礼物。
This is the very present that I want to buy for her. ?
10. 你认识我们在学校里遇见的老师吗?
Do you know the teacher (whom/who/that) we met in the school? ?
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
　　Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆). They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don’t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, it’s important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.
Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线).
Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.
Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself in the fire.
If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it’s safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don’t drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和保护好自己的讲解, 提高我们的安全防范意识。
1. Most earthquakes are too _________to hurt people. ?
A. strong　　　　　　 B. weak
C. dangerous D. heavy
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句But don’t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. 可知大多数地震都很“微弱”。故选B。
2. From the passage, when an earthquake is happening, we should _________. ?
A. stay under a big building
B. stay under a strong furniture
C. stand by windows
D. drive near a big bridge
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. 可知地震发生时我们应该躲在书桌, 餐桌或其他坚硬的家具下面。故选B。
3. It isn’t safe for you to _________while the earthquake is happening. ?
A. run out of the building
B. stay in a corner of the building
C. cover your head with your arms
D. cover your mouth with a towel
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. 以及第三段最后一句Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. 可知地震期间不要出去会更安全一些。故选A。
4. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. How dangerous the earthquake is.
B. How to be safe in an earthquake.
C. We shouldn’t be afraid of the earthquake.
D. How the earthquake comes into being.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句However, it’s important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening. 以及下文每一段的首句可知本文讲的是地震来临的时候如何保护自己。故选B。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
　　阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　It was the ambition of an eleven-year-old boy in Kansas City to be an engine driver. Born without arms, he had been sent to special schools 1. _________ he learned to use his 2. _________(foot) as “hands”. He spent all his spare time 3. _________(watch) trains and one day his dream came 4. _________(truth). Seeing a deserted engine, the boy climbed in, he had no 5. _________(difficult) in starting it up with his feet. Soon he was traveling along 6. _________ forty miles an hour. Signalmen could not see the young driver, so they set out 7. _________(stop) the train. Meanwhile the boy reached Missouri, stopped the engine himself, and then 8. _________(make) it go backwards. When he was near home, a railwayman caught up with the engine and stopped it. At first, he was very angry, but he smiled when the boy said 9. _________(simple), “I like trains. ” “Well, I’m glad you don’t like planes! ” answered 10. _________ railwayman. ?
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。堪萨斯城一个11岁男孩的志向是成为一名火车司机。他天生没有胳膊, 被送进特殊学校, 学会了用脚当“手”。他把所有的业余时间都花在看火车上, 有一天他的梦想成真了。看到一辆废弃的火车头, 男孩爬了进去, 他毫不费力地用脚启动了它。
1. 【解析】where。先行词是special schools, 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语, 应使用表地点的关系副词引导。
2. 【解析】feet。根据空后as “hands”及下文with his feet可知, 此处应使用名词复数。
3. 【解析】watching。 spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配, 意为花费时间做某事。
4. 【解析】true。come true是固定短语, 意为实现。
5. 【解析】difficulty。 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配, 意为做某事有困难。此处应使用名词difficulty, 意为做某事没有困难。
6. 【解析】at。 表示速度用at, at forty miles an hour“以每小时40英里的速度”。
7. 【解析】to stop。 set out to do sth. 是固定搭配, 意为着手做某事。
8. 【解析】made。 根据前面并列的两个谓语reached和stopped可知, 第三个谓语用过去式。
9. 【解析】simply。 此处修饰动词said, 应使用副词形式。
10. 【解析】the。 第二次提到这个铁路职工, 用定冠词the。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
　　As my daughter was riding to school with her two friends, a truck pulled out in front of them. The accident　1　on March 11th, 2007—four days before her 16th birthday. She was　2　in the back seat and 　3　the most injuries. She broke her face, neck, four places on her back and right arm and had bad brain injury. The　4　did not think she was going to survive. She was known　5　the only recovered child throughout this hospital 　6　 we stayed for over three months. ?
　　It has been one year　7　the accident. My daughter finally　8　from this life-changing accident. 　9　 my knowledge, our community church had a BBQ and　10　all raised money to my daughter for her　11　expenses. When I knew that the　12　 was doing for her, you can imagine my shock. Since it has been one year, few people remember my daughter and many people have　13　calling her and visiting her. By having the BBQ, our small community has shown my daughter that there are people who 　14　 think of her and care about her. ?
I hope if　15　knows of someone who is in a(n)　16　such as this, they will remember that the 　17　of being alone is very　18　. Show kindness by visiting or 　19　those who had a life-changing event. My daughter’s accident　20　less than a minute but changed her life, plus our entire family’s life forever. ?
【文章大意】本文为记叙文, 讲述了作者女儿遭遇车祸一年以后, 所在的社区教堂把筹来的钱全部捐给女儿用于支付医药费的故事。
1. A. appeared　　　　　　 B. reached
C. happened D. arrived
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。appear 出现; reach 到达; happen 发生; arrive到达。作者女儿上学途中发生了车祸事故。故选C。
2. A. riding　 B. walking　 C. hurrying　 D. moving
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据文章第一句中的riding一词可知她正坐在后座上。故选A。
3. A. accepted B. suffered
C. refused D. knocked
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。accept接受; suffer 遭受; refuse 拒绝; knock敲击。发生事故时, 她正坐在后座上, 因此受伤最严重。故选B。
4. A. patients B. classmates
C. doctors D. teachers
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下句中的hospital可以推知是她受伤严重, 医生都认为她活不了。故选C。
5. A. for B. to C. as D. on
【解析】选C。固定搭配题。be known as. . . 意为众所周知……句意: 我们在这家医院住了三个多月, 大家都知道她是唯一一个康复的孩子。故选C。
6. A. that B. where C. which D. when
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。此处考查定语从句引导词。先行词为this hospital, 在定语从句中充当地点状语, 应用关系副词where引导。
7. A. since B. before C. during D. over
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。since自从; before在……之前; during在……期间; over超过。句意: 自从车祸以来有一年了。
8. A. came B. became
C. recovered D. returned
【解析】选C。固定搭配题。recover from 从……中恢复。女儿最终从事故中恢复了。
9. A. Under B. With
C. In D. Without
【解析】选D。固定搭配题。without one’s knowledge 意为背着某人, 在某人不知情的情况下。句意: 在我不知情的情况下, 我们的社区教堂举行了一次烧烤会, 把筹来的钱全部捐给我女儿, 用于支付医药费。故选D。
10. A. lent B. showed
C. gave D. borrowed
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下文可知: 把筹集的钱给我女儿。故选C。
11. A. physics B. medical
C. chemical D. schooling
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。我女儿出车祸住院, 所以此处指医药费。故选B。
12. A. community B. neighbor
C. relation D. street
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据上句中our community church可知, 这里指社区为女儿筹钱的事情让我意外。故选A。
13. A. forgotten B. regretted
C. stopped D. enjoyed
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。forget 忘记; regret 后悔; stop 停止; enjoy喜欢。句意: 一年过去了, 很少有人记得我的女儿, 很多人也不打电话或者来看她了。故选C。
14. A. already B. never
C. seldom D. still
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上下文语境可知, 通过举办烧烤活动, 我们的小社区向我的女儿表明, 仍然有人惦记着她, 关心着她。故选D。
15. A. anyone B. someone
C. no one D. everyone
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知, 此处表示我希望如果任何人知道有人处于这样的情况下, 他们都会记得, 孤单的感受是非常痛苦的。故选A。
16. A. condition B. situation
C. position D. attitude
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。 condition 条件; situation 情况, 处境; position 位置; attitude态度。
17. A. mind B. sense C. feeling D. idea
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。mind 头脑; sense 感觉; feeling 感受; idea主意。这里指孤单的感受。
18. A. painful B. meaningful
C. peaceful D. doubtful
【解析】选A。背景常识题。根据常识可知: 孤单的感受是非常痛苦的。
19. A. rescuing B. teaching
C. directing D. calling
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。rescue 营救; teach教导; direct 指导; call打电话。句意: 拜访或打电话给那些经历了人生变故的人来表达你的善意。
20. A. continued B. lasted
C. spared D. paused
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。continue 继续; last 持续; spare 留出; pause暂停。句意: 我女儿的事故持续了不到一分钟, 却改变了她的生活, 也永远改变了我们全家的生活。
课件42张PPT。Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Listening and Speaking 【导语】《Skyfall》是电影《007: 大破天幕杀机》的主题曲, 获得第85届奥斯卡最佳原创歌曲, 第56届格莱美奖最佳影视歌曲, 由英国流行女歌手Adele演唱。 Skyfall
Hold your breath and count to ten
Feel the Earth move and then
①_______________________?
For this is the end
I’ve drowned and dreamt this momentHear my heart burst againSo overdue I owe them
Swept away I’m stolen
Let the skyfall
When it crumbles
We will stand tall
②_________________Face it all together?Let the skyfall
When it crumbles
We will stand tall
Face it all together
At skyfall
At skyfallSkyfall is where we start
A thousand miles and poles apart
Where worlds collide and days are dark
You may have my number
You can take my name
But ③_______________________?you’ll never have my heartLet the skyfall
When it crumbles
We will stand tall
Face it all together
Let the skyfall
When it crumblesWe will stand tall
Face it all together
At skyfall
Where you go I go
④____________ I see?
I know I’ll never be me
Without the securityWhat you seeOf your loving arms keeping me from harm
⑤_______________________?
And we’ll stand
Let the skyfall
When it crumbles
We will stand tallPut your hand in my handFace it all together
Let the skyfall
When it crumbles
We will stand tall
Face it all together
At skyfallLet the skyfall
We will stand tall
At skyfall【词海拾贝】【话题点拨】
　　同学之间讨论各种自然灾难, 以及它们带给人们的损失和伤害, 探讨预防措施, 减少损害程度。【话题词汇】
1. a strong earthquake 一场大地震　　
2. fall down 倒下
3. help the survivors 帮助幸存者
4. homes and land 土地和家园5. be caught/ trapped in 陷入/被困于……
6. rescue. . . from 从……中援救出来
7. volunteers and rescue workers 志愿者和救援人员
8. day and night 日日夜夜
9. make sure that. . . 确保……10. caused by 由……造成
11. in the landslide 在泥石流中
12. lose one’s life 失去生命
13. get away from 远离……【话题句式】
1. A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday.
昨天厄瓜多尔发生了一场大地震。
2. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe.
救援工人和士兵们正日夜工作, 确保人们安全。3. I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters.
我想知道我们能做什么来阻止自然灾害。
4. There’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms.
没有办法阻止地震和暴风雨。5. We can keep them from being disastrous.
我们可以阻止它们成为灾难性的。
6. We should make a safety list of what to do, where to go and who to contact.
我们应该列个关于做什么, 去哪里, 联系谁的安全清单。【发音技巧】
清辅音和浊辅音的发音技巧
1. /p/: 清辅音。发拼音里的“p”, 去掉“鹅”音节, 声带不振动, 注意在/s/音后/p/音要读成相应的浊辅音/b/。如pay, peach, pipe, sport, speed, spend等。
2. /b/: 浊辅音。发拼音里的“b”, 去掉“鹅”音节, 声带振动。如bee, buy, but, black, blue, basket等。3. /t/: 清辅音。发拼音里的“t”, 去掉“鹅”音节, 声带不振动, 注意在/s/音后/t/音要读成相应的浊辅音/d/。如foot, sit, team, table, student, stop等。
4. /d/: 浊辅音。发拼音里的“d”, 去掉“鹅”音节, 声带振动。如dog, do, sad, bad, dad等。5. /k/: 清辅音。发拼音里的“k”, 去掉“鹅”音节, 声带不
振动, 注意在/s/音后/k/音要读成相应的浊辅音 。如
kiss, class, clock, cat, sky, skirt等。
6. /g/: 浊辅音。发拼音里的“g”, 去掉“鹅”音节, 声带振
动。如big, get, good, guest, glass等。7. /f/: 清辅音。发“福”音, 上排牙齿咬住下嘴唇。如life, first, fast, father, far, photo等。
8. /v/: 浊辅音。咬唇音, 上排牙齿咬住下嘴唇。摩托发动音。如very, never, five, fever等。9. /s/: 清辅音。发类似“嘶”的音, 蛇叫声。如face, stop, study, star, sad, student, nice等。
10. /z/: 浊辅音。发类似“自”音, 钻孔音。如busy, easy, nose, zero等。
11. /?/: 清辅音。发类似“狮”音。双唇微突。如fish, wish, wash, shirt, short等。12. /?/: 浊辅音。发类似“日”音, 舌头抬起, 靠近上腭, 双唇微突。如usual, pleasure, decision等。
13. /θ/: 清辅音。咬舌音, 咬住舌头发音。如three, thank, mouth, tooth, think, thick等。
14. /e/: 浊辅音。咬舌音, 咬住舌头发音。如this, that, these, those, there, the, them, father, mother, brother等。15. /h/: 清辅音。发类似“哈”音, 哈气音, 狗喘音。
如home, horse, house, he, his, him等。
16. /r/: 浊辅音。发类似“弱”音, 但舌头要卷多一些, 摩擦比“弱”少一些。如red, room, run, right, rat, rose等。17. /tr/: 清辅音。发类似于“戳”音。和/s/音连在一起时, 发/dr/音。如tree, try, train, trip, true, street等。
18. /dr/: 浊辅音。发类似“捉”音。如driver, dress, draw, dry等。19. /t?/: 清辅音。发类似“汽”音, 汽水音, 双唇微突。如cheap, chair, check, child, watch等。
20. /d?/: 浊辅音。发类似“只”音, 双唇微突。如large, cage, bridge, change, job等。【对点演练】
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
1. What will James do tomorrow?
A. Watch a TV program.
B. Give a talk.
C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman?
A. She’s generous.
B. She’s curious.
C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave?
A. At 6: 00. 　　B. At 8: 30. 　　C. At 10: 30.
4. How does the woman go to work?
A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike.
答案: 1~4. BCCB【听力原文】
Text 1
W: James, you’ve been watching TV for the whole evening. What’s on?
M: It’s a science program on the origin of the universe. I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow. Text 2
M: Hello, do you have “The Best of Mozart”?
W: Um, sorry, we’ve just sold out. But we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we’ll call you when the CD arrives. Text 3
W: We’d better be going now, or we’ll be late for the train.
M: No rush. It’s 8: 30 now. We still have two hours. Text 4
M: I am so tired of driving all those hours to work.
W: Yeah. I know what you mean. I used to drive two hours to work each day. But now, I live within walking distance of my office. I don’t even need a bike. 【情境交际】
Scene One
Aaron和Cindy在谈论刚刚发生的地震的情况。
请根据提示完成对话。
Aaron: I heard __________________(一场大地震发生在) Ecuador. ?
Cindy: Yes, it happened yesterday. a big earthquake hitAaron: Are there many people who ____________(失去生命)? ?
Cindy: Not yet, but many buildings were damaged and lots of people were injured.
Aaron: What about the people _________(被困于) the buildings now? ?lost their livestrapped inCindy: It is reported that volunteers and _____________
(救援人员) have arrived there and some of them _____
________________(从……中救出来) the buildings. ?
Aaron: Thank goodness. rescue workershavebeen rescued fromScene Two
Anne正在请教老师, 如果发生地震时, 该如何自保。
请选择恰当的选项完成对话。
Teacher: You know the damage the earthquake causes is too terrible.
Anne: Yes. 1. ______　B　?Teacher: First drop down onto your hands and knees.
2. ______
Anne: Okay. “Drop down” and “cover”. I’ll remember
them.
Teacher: Second, get away from glass windows in case
they could fall down. 3. ______ And keep yourself under
it. ?　A　?　D　Anne: Okay. 4. ______ I’ll remember. ?
Teacher: If you stay outside, go to an open space away from buildings, trees or power lines.
Anne: Thank you, Sir. 　C　A. Cover your head with your hands.
B. I’d like to know what I can do if an earthquake occurs.
C. “Get away from” and “hold on”.
D. You can hold on a desk or table. 课件125张PPT。Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Reading and Thinking Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. a terrible _______(灾难; 灾害)
2. _____(使灌满水; 淹没)the village
3. the ______(营救, 救援)workers and soldiers
4. do _______(损害; 损失)todisasterfloodrescuedamage5. forty _______(百分之……)of the budget
6. _______(摧毁; 毁灭)a building
7. the _____(死; 死亡)of a bird
8. _____(影响; 侵袭; 深深打动) his life
9. set up a ______(避难所; 庇护)percentdestroydeathaffectshelter10. supply of _________(电; 电能)
11. set a ____(险境; 陷阱)
12. _____(埋葬; 安葬)the dead
13. begin to _______(呼吸)
14. ______(复活; 苏醒)itselfelectricitytrapburybreatherevive15. the tireless _____(努力; 尽力)
16. the hope to _____(统一; 使成一体) his country
17. show the _______(智慧; 才智)
18. ______(遭受; 受苦)from terrible injurieseffortunifywisdomsufferⅡ. 短语填空
1. I couldn’t _______(想起)the name of that man
anyhow. ?
2. There are many shelters ______(搭起, 建立)by the
government. ?
3. But the city’s one million people were asleep
_______(像往常一样)that night. ?think ofset upas usual4. It seemed ____(似乎, 好像)the world was coming to
an end. ?
5. In less than one minute, a large city lay _______(严
重受损). ?
6. People were ________(震惊). ?
7. The army sent soldiers to Tangshan to ______(挖掘)
those who were trapped. ?as ifin ruinsin shockdig out8. When you see a word you do not know, do not stop
and _________(查阅)in the dictionary. ?
9. Some were found alive, though they were ________
_____(遭受)terrible injuries. ?
10. What other cities or towns ________________(经
历)similar changes? ?look it upsufferingfromhave gone throughⅠ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. All the following unusual things happened before the quake EXCEPT that_________. ?
A. the water in the village wells rose and fell
B. the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eatC. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again
D. fish jumped out of the water2. Before the earthquake, people were asleep as usual because_________. ?
A. they didn’t notice anything strange happening
B. they knew well about earthquakes
C. something strange happened in many places
D. they didn’t realize the arrival of an earthquake3. The second and third paragraphs are mainly about_________. ?
A. the great loss the earthquake brought to Tangshan
B. the number of people who were killed or injured
C. when and where an earthquake happened
D. the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan4. What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again” mean?
A. The city will not die. It has hope. And it can recover from the pain.
B. The army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D. Most of the 10, 000 miners were rescued. 5. What is the mood(语气)of this passage?
A. Sad. 　　　　　　　B. Serious.
C. Serious and sad. D. Calm.
答案: 1~5. CDAACⅢ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
(1)译文: 城市正下方11千米处, 20世纪最致命的地震之
一——甚至对远在150千米以外的北京都___________
的地震发生了。造成了危害 (2)
译文: 地震发生后不久, 军队派出150, 000士兵去唐山
___________和埋葬死者。挖掘被困者 (3)
译文: 唐山市向中国和世界证明了, _________________,
人们必须团结起来, 发挥聪明才智, 保持乐观, 重建一个
更光明的未来。在灾难来临的时刻根据课文完成短文
　　Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things
happened and some (1) ______(smell) gas came out of
the (2) ______(crack)of wells and animals became
nervous. At 3: 42 am everything began to shake. The
city turned into ruins in just fifteen seconds. Many
people (3) _________(include)workers and doctors camesmellycracksincludingto rescue those (4)_____ were trapped under the ruins.
Later that afternoon, another big quake (5) ______
(strike) Tangshan, killing , injuring more people and
making more buildings fall down. Soldiers were called
(6) __ to help the rescue workers and teams (7) _____
_________(organize)to dig out the trapped and bury whostruckinwereorganizedthe dead. Workers built shelters for survivors. Fresh
water was taken to the city. (8)______(slow), the city
began to breathe again. And now with strong support
from?the government and the (9)______ (tire)efforts of
the city’s people, (10)__ new Tangshan was built upon
the earthquake ruins. ?Slowlytirelessa2. 阅读主题活动
(1)What shall we do if an earthquake happens?
________________________________
___________________________________
________________________________________________?
_______________________________________
_______________________________①Don’t be nervous and keep calm. ?②Don’t try to run out of the classroom. ?③Protect your head by putting your bag on your head.④Leave the classroom after the earthquake. ?⑤Listen to the teachers, the wise. ?(2)What kind of work can we do after the earthquake?
____________________________________________
___________
_____________________?
_____________________________? ①Organize the rescue doctors and workers to helpthe people. ?②Help to build shelters.③Offer food and clothes to them.【阅读微技巧】1. flood n. 洪水; 大量　vi. 淹没; 大量涌入　vt. 使灌满水; 淹没
*When the Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the fields.
尼罗河泛滥时, 在田野上沉积下一层泥。*Letters came flooding in from the angry audience.
愤怒观众的来信如潮水般地涌来。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.
成年人都理解到处都是物品的那种感觉。【语块积累】
(1)in flood　　 在泛滥
a flood of 大量的
(2)flood in/into 大量涌入(某处)
flood out of sth. 蜂拥而出
flood sb. /sth. with sth. 大量送至, 挤满
be flooded with 被……淹没【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)Every day we’re flooded ____ all kinds of sounds, of which most are noise. ?
(2)Memories of his childhood came ________(flood) back. ?withflooding(3)As a flood __ problems catch you up, sometimes it is best to talk to someone who would hear you out. ?of2. rescue n. &vt. 营救; 救援
*What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?
在被洪水袭击的灾区, 救援工人和士兵在干什么?
*His father came to his rescue by lending him some money.
他父亲借钱给他, 救他脱困。*He rescued a child from drowning.
他救了一名落水儿童。【语块积累】
(1)come/go to one’s rescue　来/去援救某人
a rescue team 救援队
rescue workers 救援人员
(2)rescue. . . from. . . 把……从……营救出来 【即学活用】
(1)All the people nearby _____ __ ___ ______ when
hearing her cry for help.
附近的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。
(2)__ ______ _____ is trying to reach the trapped miners.
救援队正设法到达矿工被困的位置。cametoherrescueArescueteam(3)The mother, along with her two children, ____
_______ _____ the sinking boat by a passing ship.
那位母亲和她的两个孩子, 被经过的轮船从正在下沉的小船上救起来了。 wasrescuedfrom3. damage vt. 损害; 破坏　n. 损坏; 损失
*Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
首尔哪些建筑被破坏了?
*My wife had an accident and damaged the bike.
我妻子遇到意外事故, 把自行车弄坏了。*The crops were badly damaged by the storm.
庄稼受到暴风雨的严重损害。
*Eating too much meat at a time will cause damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。【语块积累】
(1)damage one’s health /fame 损害某人的健康/名誉
be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
(2)do /cause damage to 给……带来/造成损害 【即学活用】
(1)Drinking and smoking can _______ _____ ______.
饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
(2)They managed to repair the houses that _____ _____
________.
他们尽力修复严重受损的房屋。damageyourhealthwerebadlydamaged(3)The earthquake ______ _______ __ property estimated at $6 billion.
地震造成的财产损失估计有60亿。 causeddamageto4. ruin n. &vt. 破坏; 毁坏
*In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
不到一分钟时间, 一座大城市成了废墟。
*A large number of churches fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后, 许多教堂都被毁了。*The rain ruined my painting.
这场雨把我的画给毁了。【语块积累】
(1)lie/be in ruins　　成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭; 毁坏
(2)ruin sth. /sb. 毁坏某物/某人
ruin one’s health/fame/future
毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途 【即学活用】
(1)Years of fighting left the area __ _____.
连年的战争使这一地区破败不堪。
(2)His good fame ___ ____ ____ because of his rudeness.
他因为粗鲁而人设崩塌。inruinsfellintoruin(3)The bad weather ______ ____ ____.
恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅程。 ruinedourtrip5. shock n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克　vt. (使)震惊
*People were in shock. 人们震惊了。
*Mary’s sudden death was a shock to me.
玛丽的突然离世令我震惊。 词汇复现*The news of his death shocked the whole nation.
他去世的消息让全国人民感到震惊。
*I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息, 我感到很震惊。
*Rescue workers were shocked by what they saw.
救援人员对眼前的景象感到震惊。词汇复现【语块积累】
(1)in shock　　　 震惊; 吃惊
be a shock to sb. 使某人震惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. /that. . . 对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
It is shocking that . . . 令人吃惊的是…… 【熟词生义】
Several of those who survived the accident have been
taken to hospital in a state of shock. ( )
几个处于休克状态中的事故幸存者被送往医院了。n. 休克【巧学助记】　语境记忆shock
We were all shocked at the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock after the accident. However when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock, knowing nothing about the accident. 我们都被这个令人震惊的消息吓住了——事故之后他依然处于休克状态。然而, 最终当他苏醒过来时, 他吃惊地看着我们, 对事故一无所知。【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is ________(shock)that students can’t spell these
words.
(2)Everyone in the street was _______(shock)when they
heard the news.
(3)We were all shocked __ the news of his death. ?shockingshockedat(4)It was quite __ shock to see my face on that screen. ?
(5)There was blood everywhere, and the woman was
embarrassed and clearly __ shock. ain6. trap vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套　n. 险境; 陷阱
*During the fire, he was trapped in the building.
火灾发生时, 他被困在大楼里。
*Some people like to trap old people into buying some useless things.
有些人喜欢诱骗老年人买些无用的东西。*The police set a trap to catch the thief.
警察设下了圈套来捉拿窃贼。
*The two thieves fell into a trap at last.
那两个窃贼最终落入了圈套。【语块积累】
(1)be trapped under/in. . . 　　被困于……
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人干某事
(2)set a trap 设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套 【即学活用】
(1)The lift broke down and we _____ _______ inside.
电梯出故障了, 我们被困在了里面。
(2)He was so smart that he _______ _____ ______ ____
________ him.
他很聪明, 诱骗很多人相信他。weretrappedtrappedmanypeopleintobelieving(3)They ___ __ ____ ___ him, and he ___ ____ it.
他们设下圈套, 他果然落入其中。 setatrapforfellinto7. bury vt. 埋葬; 安葬
*He buried his face in his hands.
他双手掩面。
*His body was buried in snow, but his head was sticking out.
他的身体被埋在雪里, 但是头伸在外面。*Buried in his study, he didn’t know that the others had left.
他埋头学习, 不知道其他人已经离开了。【语块积累】
be buried under /beneath /in. . . 　　被埋在……
bury one’s face/ head in one’s hands 双手掩面/捂头
埋头于/专心于……【即学活用】同义句转换
因为她专心看电影, 不知道外面正在下雪。
Because she buried herself in the film, she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
=_______________________, she didn’t know it was snowing outside. (用现在分词短语作状语)?Burying herself in the film=____________________________________________
_______(用过去分词短语作状语)?Buried in the film, she didn’t know it was snowingoutside.8. suffer vt. 遭受; 蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
*Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries.
有些人被发现时还活着, 尽管他们受了重伤。
*It is clear that our earth is suffering severe damage.
很显然, 我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。词汇复现*The old man is said to have gone through kinds of sufferings during the war.
据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。【语块积累】
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
　　　　　　　　遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨; 患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦; 苦恼; 让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 患难者; 患病者 【名师点津】　suffer VS suffer from
(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等, 如suffer pain/defeat/losses/the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。(2)suffer from常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词, 表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease “遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病”。【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The old man went through a lot of _________(suffer)
in the old days. What’s worse, he suffered _____ heart
attack when he was in his eighties.
(2)A lot of money has been collected to help those
________(suffer) from the floods. sufferingsfromsuffering(3)Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the
________(suffer) from the great fire. ? sufferers9. come to an end 结束
*Their good friendship seems to come to an end.
他们的良好的友情似乎走到了尽头。
*Give in your work at the end of the class.
下课时把你的作品交上来。*They hoped to realize their aims by the end of the year.
他们希望在年底前实现他们的目标。
*You may suffer at first, but you will gain in the end.
开头你可能要受点苦, 但是终究会有所收获的。【语块积累】
at the end of　　在……的末尾
by the end of 到……末尾为止 (常和完成时连用)
in the end 最后, 结果【名师点津】　by the end of 两点注意
by the end of后接将来时间时, 与将来完成时连用; 后接过去时间时, 与过去完成时连用。【知识延伸】动词end的用法
end in sth. 　　　　　　以……结尾; 结果是
end up as sb. /sth. 最终成为……
end up doing sth. 最终……; 以做某事结束
end up with sth. 以……结束【即学活用】用end的相关短语填空
(1)They don’t realize their school life will __________
____. ?
他们没有意识到他们的学校生活就要结束了。
(2)I am going to charge a new dress, and pay for it
___________ the month. ?
我要去买一件新衣服, 并在月底付款。come to anendat the end of(3)They had achieved their plan ____________ last
month. ?
截止到上个月底, 他们已经完成了计划。
(4)He failed so many times that _________ he gave
up hope. ?
他失败的次数太多了, 以至于他最终放弃了希望。 by the end ofin the end10. go through 经历; 经受
*What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes?
还有哪些别的城市和小镇经历了相似的变化?
*Let’s go through the numbers together.
我们一起把这些数目过一遍。*We went through Paris to get to Rennes.
我们穿过巴黎到了雷恩。
*It was clear that someone had gone through my bags.
显然有人翻过我的包了。【导图理词】【即学活用】
根据语境猜测黑体部分的含义
(1)We have to go through with the book first. ( )
(2)The piano will hardly go through the door. ( )完成通过(3)You don’t know what Margie goes through.
( )
(4)I’ve gone through all the words in the paper.
( )
(5)The new law did not go through. ( )经历; 经受仔细检查被通过11. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! ?
似乎世界末日就要来了! 【句式解构】
(1)It seemed as if . . . 这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。
(2)as if=as though意为“仿佛; 好像”, 引导的从句, 常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后作表语。(3)as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时, 从句谓语常用虚拟语气, 结构如下: *Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
快点! 看起来火车要开了。
*It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的? 【即学活用】
(1)He sang and laughed loudly as if he _____(be) the only person in the world.
他大声地唱着、笑着, 好像他是这世界上仅有的人。were(2)The teacher asked him a question, but he made no
answer ____ he didn’t hear it. ?
老师问了他一个问题, 但是他像没听到似的没有作出
回答。as if(3) ___________ our team is going to win. ?
看来我们队要胜了。It seems as if12. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. ?
水、食物和电都很难获得。【句式解构】
这是“主语+be+adj. +不定式”结构的句式。
在此句式中如果同时符合了下列两个条件, 常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
(1)表语是性质形容词, 如difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等; (2)不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
*The cake is easy to make.
这种蛋糕很容易做。
*This maths problem is very difficult to work out.
这道数学题很难解。 【名师点津】“主语+be+adj. +不定式”易错点
　　这种结构中不定式的主动形式表被动含义时, 不定式的动词必须是及物动词; 如果是不及物动词, 后面就要添加相应的介词。
*The boss is hard to get along with.
这个老板很难相处。*The chair is hard to sit on.
这把椅子坐上去很硬。【即学活用】
(1)The apples ___ _____ __ _____.
这些苹果很难够到。
(2)The baby __ ___ ____ __ ____ _____.
这个孩子不好带。arehardtoreachisnoteasytolookafter【要点拾遗】
1. affect vt. 影响; (疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
*Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke per year.
每年大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响。*Affected with high fever, he continued with his work.
尽管发高烧, 他仍然继续工作。
*The people present at the meeting were deeply affected by the story.
出席会议的人被这个故事深深地打动了。【语块积累】
be affected with high fever　　　发高烧
be affected by . . . 被……打动/影响【即学活用】
(1)The traffic jam not only ______ ____ ________ ___
but also the environment.
交通拥堵不仅影响我们的日常生活, 还会影响环境。
(2)The child ____ _______ ____ high fever.
那孩子发高烧了。affectsoureverydaylifewasaffectedwith2. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护　vt. 保护; 掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
*The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.
他做的第一件事就是找到地方躲避寒冷的风雪。*These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.
这些植物必须被遮起来, 免受阳光直射。
*In the storm I was sheltering under the tree.
暴风雨时, 我正在树下躲避。【语块积累】
(1)take shelter from wind/rain　　躲避风/雨
shelter from sth. 躲避某物
(2)shelter sb. /sth. from 保护某人/某物
(免受……)【即学活用】语法填空
(1)We sat in the shade, _________(shelter)from the
sun.
(2)Plant herbs next to wall shelter them _____ the wind. shelteringfrom3. revive vt. &vi. 复活; (使)苏醒
*After a long time, the woman revived from the shock.
经过很长一段时间后, 那位妇女从休克中苏醒过来。
*The roses revived themselves after the rain.
玫瑰花雨后又复活了。*There is little chance of a revival in new car sales until at least August next year.
至少到明年8月之前, 新车销售回升的可能性都微乎其微。【语块积累】
(1)revive from 　　　　从……中苏醒过来
revive oneself 苏醒; 复活
(2)revival n. 振兴; 复苏 【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Life is a continuous course of death and ______
(revive).
(2)Interest in ancient music __________(revive)
recently. ?
(3)He revived _______(he)with a cup of coffee. revivalhas revivedhimself4. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Their efforts have been proven fruitful.
他们的努力证明是富有成效的。
*I will make every effort to arrive on time.
我将尽一切努力准时到达。*They spared no effort to realize their dreams.
他们不遗余力地去实现他们的梦想。
*He lifted the rock without effort.
他毫不费力地举起了石头。【语块积累】
make efforts/an effort/every effort　　作出努力
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力/尽力去做
without effort 毫不费力地【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)Every one of us should spare ___ effort to cut
down the use of energy in our country.
(2)Every effort _____________(make)to help him. ?
(3)He is very clever and can keep all the words in
mind _______ effort. nohas been madewithout5. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat. ?
猪和鸡甚至紧张得不能吃食。【句式解构】
too+adj. /adv. to do sth. 意为“太……而不能……”, 表示否定意义。
*The place was too far for the little girl to reach.
这个地方太远了, 这个小女孩到不了。*Alex was too busy fixing his bike to notice it.
亚历克斯忙着修理自行车, 没注意到它。
*He ran too fast to stop and ran into a tree.
他跑得太快了, 停不下来, 撞到了树上。【名师点津】表肯定的too. . . to. . . 结构
(1)too之前如果有only, only too 表示“非常”“很”等意思, 此时不定式不再表否定, 而表肯定。(2)“too. . . to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词, 如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, anxious等加动词不定式, 表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情等,其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容, 而是修饰形容词, 译为: 很; 非常。【知识延伸】双重否定表肯定
　　在“too. . . to”结构中, 不定式为否定式时, 构成的是双重否定, 其意为“非常(很, 太, 那么); ……不会不(必定能, 所以能)。
*He is too kind not to help you.
他很善良, 不会不帮助你。*My mother is too careful not to forget it.
我妈妈非常细心, 不会忘记这事的。【即学活用】
(1)She was ___ ______ __ _____ her old friend in the
street.
她很高兴在街上遇见了她的老朋友。
(2)The teacher _____ ___ ____ for us __ ______.
老师讲话太快, 我们跟不上。toohappytomeetspoketoofasttofollow(3)He is ____ ___ _____ __ ____ others.
他非常乐于助人。 onlytooreadytohelp【一语闻天下】
1. In the film, the Revenant, the hero survived on strong willing in the extreme tough conditions.
在电影《荒野猎人》中, 男主人公靠着坚强的意志在极其艰难的环境里活了下来。2. As China’s middle class continues to grow and its spending power increases, NBA sides are sparing no effort to reach out to this large potential consumer base.
随着中国中产阶级的持续增长和消费能力的增强, NBA正不遗余力地触及这个庞大的潜在消费群体。3. The mission will take place on 2 March and will also deliver supplies to crew aboard the ISS.
此次任务将于3月2日启动, 而且将为国际空间站的工作人员运送物资。4. People tend to undervalue the positive effect they can have on others for a tiny investment of time. 人们往往低估了自己花费少量的时间所能给别人带来的积极影响。课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. It is strange that all of these disasters (disaster)happened exactly at the same place.
2. The children were flooded (flood)with flowers.
3. He damaged(damage) a car with a baseball bat last night.
4. Their work and study are affected (affect)seriously.
5. Besides a new student, many other people can get trapped (trap)in such problems.
6. Have you ever noticed that he is buried(bury)in books while you are playing computer games?
7. I think it is pleasant to breathe (breath)the fresh air in the morning.
8. The causes of the business revival (revive)were many and complex.
9. We grow in wisdom (wise)as we grow older.
10. To some life means pleasure, to others suffering(suffer).
Ⅱ. 选择合适的短语填空
think of, 　as if, 　look up, 　as usual, 　suffer from,
in ruins, 　set up, 　dig out, 　in shock, 　go through
1. Let’s think of some questions about life. ?
2. They have set up schools, factories and hospitals in this poor area. ?
3. We all know that we can’t live as usual without good health. ?
4. If you can’t keep healthy, you will often suffer from your weak body. ?
5. She went through many things and suffered a lot at an early age. ?
6. After the big fire, the main building of the church was
in ruins. ?
7. He suddenly rushed out, leaving all the people in the room in shock. ?
8. I often look up the new words while I read and I can’t understand the sentence. ?
9. The press watchdogs(狗仔队)spare no effort to dig out the secrets of those famous people. ?
10. He talks with a stranger as if they were good friends. ?
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 地震之前, 会有很多奇怪的事情发生, 有些动物会紧张地无法进食(too nervous to eat)。
2. 地震发生时, 一切都开始晃动(begin to shake)。
3. 大地震之后, 或许有些建筑会在几秒钟内成为废墟(lie in ruins)。食物、水、电都会很难获得(hard to get)。这时, 你必须学会保护自己(protect yourself from. . . )不受伤害。
　　Before an earthquake, some strange things will happen and some animals will be too nervous to eat. When the quake happens, everything begins to shake. After a big earthquake, maybe some buildings will lie in ruins in several seconds. Water, food and electricity will be hard to get. At this time, you must protect yourself from being injured. ?
Topic: to prepare an emergency kit
Pro: It’s a good idea.
Save one’s life in time.
Help others in need.
Learn how to do first aid.
Con: It wastes time to prepare.
It’s too heavy to carry.
Need lots of money to buy.
Bring danger to oneself when helping others.
What do you think of it? why?
Your opinion: In my opinion, we must prepare an emergency kit. ?
The reason: Because no one knows when an emergency will occur. If I am in danger I can use it to protect myself. If someone else is in need of help I can give him or her a hand. ?
课时素养评价 十三
Unit 4　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. As flood waters rose, their homes were all flooded, so people flooded into a big house on the top of the hill. (flood)
2. After the rescue workers arrived, he was rescued from the sinking aircraft. (rescue)?
3. The ecological area(生态区) has been badly damaged. Therefore, we will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. (damage)
4. The plants all died in the drought, but these deaths could have been prevented. (die)
5. The palace was very splendid once, but it is a ruin now. Because a big fire ruined its main building last year and it lies in ruins now. (ruin)
6. It came as a shock to him that I was shocked at such a shocking idea that his brother was in a state of shock and was sent to hospital. (shock)
7. The hunter set a trap to catch the fox and found it was trapped the next day. (trap)?
8. He had thought to breathe fresh air in the mountain, but he arrived at the top out of breath. (breath)
9. Mao Zedong was a wise and great man, who spoke words of great wisdom. (wise) ?
10. He suffered from heart disease, within a few days he had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort. (suffer)
Ⅱ. 根据提示词翻译句子
1. 大批饥民涌入了这个地区。(flood into)
Large numbers of hungry people flooded into the area. ?
2. 当他听到一个女孩的哭喊声时, 匆忙跑过去帮忙。(go to one’s rescue)
He went to her rescue hurriedly when he heard a girl’s cry. ?
3. 饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。(do damage to)
Drinking and smoking can do damage to your health. ?
4. 整件事很快就会结束。(come to an end)
The whole thing will come to an end soon. ?
5. 我正在考虑买辆新汽车。(think of)
I’m thinking of buying a new car. ?
6. 他吃惊地抬头看着老师。(in shock)
He looked up at his teacher in shock. ?
7. 他每天都埋头读书。(be buried in)
He is buried in reading every day. ?
8. 你一个人穿过这片森林能行吗? (go through)
Can you go through the forest by yourself? ?
9. 他的健康将会受到这种疾病的严重影响。(be affected by)
His health will be badly affected by this disease. ?
10. 政府建立一个大的庇护所来收容幸存者。(set up)
The government set up a big shelter to accept the survivors. ?
英译汉
1. She talked as if she knew all about our plans.
她说得就好像完全知道我们的计划似的。
2. The old man was too old to carry the big box.
那个老人太老了, 搬不动这个大箱子。
3. This kind of water is not fit to drink.
这种水不适合饮用。
4. He buried himself in his research work, not realizing it was too late.
他埋头于研究工作, 没有意识到已经很晚了。
5. She cried wildly as if the world was coming to an end.
她哭天喊地, 就像世界末日到来了一样。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
　　If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t strongly held together — where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425, 000, 000. The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy-five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.
【文章大意】本文介绍了地震的起因及历史上的几次大地震。
1. The first paragraph mainly tells us _________. ?
A. where earthquakes happen
B. how earthquakes happen
C. the damage caused by earthquakes
D. famous earthquakes in the world
【解析】选B。段落大意题。通读第一段可知, 本段介绍了地震的起因。
2. The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “_________”. ?
A. shaking　　　　　　　　 B. force
C. energy　 　 D. losing
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。一块岩石有可能用力挤压另一块岩石, 地壳的能量发生了改变导致岩石晃动, 于是地震发生了。vibration意为“晃动”。
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?
①the San Francisco earthquake
②the earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal
③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily
④the earthquake in central Italy
⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province
⑥the Tokyo quake
A. ③④⑤⑥②① B. ⑤⑥②①③④
C. ②①③④⑤⑥ D. ①③④②⑤⑥
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章中地震发生的时间顺序可知C项正确。
4. We can infer from the passage that _________. ?
A. the earth’s crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places
B. the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did
C. there were 75, 000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake
D. the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第二段“The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake. ”可知B项正确。
B
　　It warmed my heart today to walk into the Thirsty Camel downtown on Thanksgiving Day, for a quick lunch before a haircut and library trip. Ilan, a food shop owner, said that he was refusing to take money today because it was Buy Nothing Day. To increase awareness(意识) of the strange over spending nature of our society, Ilan suggested a trade for food today. He simply asked that you offered something of equal personal value for the meal you received.
　　At first I was really uncomfortable, wondering if it would be fair to exchange a yet to be determined “I Owe You” (IOU) for food. What could I give him of equal value? After all, his food is the best in the town!
We ended up writing our IOU’s with promises of a book, some paintings and the offer of work in a variety of ways if he needs it.
I think the idea isn’t that the trade is “equal” so much as the importance of the kind of transaction. We put thought into our offer and we had an even greater understanding for the meals we ate.
We don’t buy a lot, especially at this upcoming time of year. We don’t give gifts at all in fact. The holiday time is spent enjoying each other’s company and doing things together with family and friends. This is what seems most sensible.
Ilan is a good person. We are all lucky to have someone like this in our community.
【文章大意】本文属于说明文。这篇文章主要描述了Ilan为了使人们意识到他们的过度消费, 生活一天不花任何钱的故事。
5. Ilan did not take any money that day in order to_________. ?
A. have a quick lunch before a haircut and library trip
B. buy nothing that day to save some money
C. make people aware of their over spending
D. trade for something of equal value in return
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Ilan, a food shop owner, said that he was refusing to take money today because it was Buy Nothing Day. To increase awareness of the strange over spending nature of our society可知Ilan这一天不花钱是为了使人们意识到他们的过度消费。故选C。
6. For the meal, the author finally offered Ilan _________. ?
A. some promises
B. a book
C. some paintings
D. work in different ways
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句After all, his food is the best in the town! 以及第三段We ended up writing our IOU’s with promises of a book, some paintings and the offer of work in a variety of ways if he needs it. 可知为了这顿饭作者最后给了Ilan几个承诺。故选A。
7. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “transaction”?
A. transport B. trade
C. meal D. giving
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据下文We put thought into our offer and we had an even greater understanding for the meals we ate. 可知, 我们用心去想, 更加理解我们吃的食物, 因此画线句意为: 我认为与其说交易是“平等的”, 故画线词指的是交易。故选B。
8. What is the author’s attitude to Buy Nothing Day?
A. Disagreeable. B. Meaningless.
C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据最后一段Ilan is a good person. We are all lucky to have someone like this in our community. 可知作者对不购买日的态度是支持的。故选C。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home? Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home:
　　　1　?
　　An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. 　2　 So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home. ?
　　Stay low
　　If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. 　3　 You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it. ?
　　What if you can’t get out right away?
If you can’t get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help. You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. 　4　 Then, firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out. ?
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do?
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this happens, don’t run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames. 　5　?
A. Know your way out
B. Preventing fires is in the first place!
C. An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
D. Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
E. They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
F. Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
G. In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people than the actual flames (火焰) do.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是在家里发生火灾时的应急措施。
1. 【解析】选A。此空是一个小标题, 根据下文小标题, 可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句, 再根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知, A项(知道你的逃生出路)切题。
2. 【解析】选D。根据下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同路线是很重要的。”可知, D项(火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里)切题。
3. 【解析】选G。根据上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟, 在你往出口走的时候, 离地面低一点。”可知, G项(在火灾中, 烟雾和有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。)切题。
4. 【解析】选F。根据下文提示“那么, 消防员将很难找到你。”可知, F项(即使你害怕, 也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里。)切题。
5. 【解析】选C。上文提示“如果发生这种情况, 不要跑! 相反, 停下来, 倒在地上, 用手捂住脸, 然后滚。这将切断空气, 扑灭火焰。”可知, C项(记住这一点的一个简单方法是: 停止、倒下和滚动! )切题。
课件134张PPT。Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Reading for Writing【文本研读】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 快速浏览文章
1. Where can this passage most probably be seen?
A. A monthly magazine. B. A daily newspaper.
C. A travel brochure. D. a government website.
答案: B2. Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
A. The serious damage to South Asia.
B. The tsunami caused by an earthquake and its damage.
C. The following effect and the rescue.
Paragraph 1　　 ______
Paragraph 2 ______
Paragraph 3 ______　B　?　A　?　C　?Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 关注特色表达
1. On which day did the tsunami happen?
A. December 27. B. December 26.
C. On Monday. D. On Tuesday. 2. Where did the earthquake happen?
A. Along the coastline across Asia.
B. Off the west coast of Sumatra Island.
C. On the southern coast of India.
D. In the southern Thailand. 3. How many deaths caused by the tsunami in Indonesia were mentioned in this report?
A. About 2, 498
B. As many as 1, 900.
C. More than 4, 300
D. More than 4, 700. 4. Which is true according to the text?
A. The tsunami was caused by the most powerful earthquake ever.
B. The earthquake struck right on Sumatra Island.
C. Foreign aid can’t reach the damaged area because of the dangerous condition.
D. The southern coast of India was affected by the tsunami as well.
答案: 1~4. BBBD【概要写作】
题型介绍
　　概要写作, 简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括, 写出文章的中心大意, 也可称之为摘要。所选材料体裁没有限制, 以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。所需阅读的短文词数在350以内。【写作指导】
【写作步骤】
1. 分析文本的结构;
2. 寻找各段的中心句;
3. 用自己的语言转述各段的中心句。【写作要求】
1. 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
2. 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
3. 上下文的连贯性;
4. 对各要点表达的独立性情况;
5. 词数60词左右。【写作模板】
1. 描写某事物的性质功能。即“对象+性质功能+利弊”: (in the passage ) the writer introduces. . . to us, especially its. . . , from which we know. . .
2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”: The passage tells us. . . So the author tells us how to. . . , including. . . 3. 介绍某现象及其原因、结果。即“现象+原因+结果”: The author talks about. . . It is caused by. . . As a result(consequently), . . . 【知识延伸】
1. 概要应包括原文中的主要事实, 略去不必要的细节。
2. 安排好篇幅的比例, 概要应同原文保持协调, 即用较多的文字写重要内容, 用较少的文字写次要内容。3. 注意要点之间的衔接, 要用适当的关联词语贯通全文, 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子, 但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语, 以免显得生硬。
4. 不排斥用原文的某些词句, 但不要照搬原文的句子, 如果不能完全用自己的话语表达, 至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换, 如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。5. 计算词数, 看是否符合规定的词数要求。【典题演练】
　　阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
　　Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 　　In the early 16th century, people thought that
dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,
as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with
hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A
particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.
By 1538, the French king had closed the bath housesin his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry Ⅳ, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. 　　Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was
long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice
neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically
speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean
water supply and hand washing are practical means
of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of
cleanliness have moved beyond science since WorldWar Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground. 【谋篇】
(一) 要点连接
　　分析并总结各段落的要点之后, 要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接, 使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章是总分的结构, 要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反, 因此需要表示转折的连接词, 范文用了However恰到好处。要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同, 因此, 使用表转折的副词though, 而不再用However, 可以避免三句话内出现两次However。(二) 关键词汇
　　第一段: fixed (固定的; 不变的); 第二段: means
(手段, 方法), block out (挡住), open up (打开), upon
(……之后; 立即); 第三段: long-lived (长期存在的),
sell the idea (说服某人接受某个观点); 第四段: warn
sb. off (警告某人不要靠近), position (观点), gainsome ground (取得优势)。以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键, 如果不能准确领会其用意, 语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。 　　所以, 概要写作的基础是理解语篇, 而读懂语篇的基础是词汇, 尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上, 综合运用语法与句法结构, 按照行文逻辑组织语言, 形成概要。要点分析
1. 文章第一段的最后一句是本篇文章的主题句, 亮明了总的观点: However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说: Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精炼。2. 第二段主要谈到了在16世纪, 人们认为dirt on the
skin was a means to block out disease, 尤以英、法两
国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句Though the
belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no
longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since
18th century. 可知, 直到18世纪之前, 人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”, 有助于预防疾病。要点2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. ”很好地总结了这些要点。3. 第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“. . . since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. ”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea. . . 可得出要点3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. ”4. 文章最后一段第一句指出, 现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同, On the contrary引出专家的观点, 一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得了一些支持。要点4“Some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system, though. ”表达很恰当。【成篇】
　　_________________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________People have mixed opinions towards dirt on ourskin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people ofsome European countries, such as France, believedthat dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 )However, people began to change their attitudes to_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________?dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told thatwashing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3). Some scientists believe that exposure to some dirtmay help our immune system, though. (要点 4)1. supply n. [pl. ]补给品; 供应(量); 补给 vt. 供应; 供给
*The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 词汇复现?
提供给灾区的物资是从全国各地筹集来的。*The heart of the problem is supply and demand.
问题的核心是供求关系。
*There is a good supply of books in the cupboard.
橱柜里有许多书。*Now we supply power to nine-tenths of the city’s homes.
现在我们向这个城市十分之九的家庭提供电力。
*The company supplied us with money for the project.
公司为我们提供款项来做那项工程。【语块积累】
(1)supply and demand　　　供求关系
a good/large supply of　　　 许多把某物提供/供应给某
人/某处 【即学活用】
(1)How long will our ____ _______ hold out?
我们的储粮还能维持多久?
(2)That shop has __ _____ ______ __ shoes.
那家商店贮存有大量的鞋子。foodsuppliesalargesupplyof(3)We ________ _____ ____ money and clothes.
我们供给他们金钱和衣服。
(4)In our city milk __ ________ __ each house in bottle.
在我们的城市, 供应给各户的牛奶是瓶装的。 suppliedthemwithissuppliedto2. survive vi. 生存; 存活　vt. 幸存; 艰难度过
*Is it enough to have survived for a long time?
只是存在的时间长就足够了吗?
*Of all the museum’s paintings, only one survived the fire.
此次火灾中, 该博物馆的全部藏画仅有一幅幸免于难。*They can survive on very little money.
他们用很少的钱就可以生存。
*There was only one survivor from the plane crash.
这次飞机失事只有一个幸存者。
*We need food and water for survival.
我们为了生存需要食物和水。【语块积累】
(1)survive sth. 　　幸免于; 从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存; [C]残存物 【熟词生义】
*He died in 1940, but his wife survived him by
another 20 years. ( )
他在1940年去世, 但他的妻子比他多活了20年。vt. 比……活得长【名师点津】　survive 易错误区
survive表示“幸免于”时, 是及物动词, 因而不要加多余的介词in, from等。【即学活用】语境填词 世纪金榜导学号
(1)It is necessary that we master some basic skills,
which will greatly increase our chances of _______.
Luckily, I ________ the terrible car crash last week
and I was the only ________ of the accident. (survive)survivalsurvivedsurvivor(2)The old lady survived ___ a very limited diet, but
she survived her husband ___ ten years. ?onby3. aid n. 援助; 帮助; 救援物资　vi. &vt. 帮助; 援助
*A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid without hesitation.
一位男士毫不犹豫地冲过去对那女孩进行急救。
*I couldn’t speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me how to go.
我不会说法语, 但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。*We may travel with the aid of a good map.
我们可以靠着好的地图旅行。
*He was determined to aid the poor boy in continuing his study.
他决定要帮助这个可怜的男孩继续他的学业。
*Her mother aided her to dress.
她母亲帮她穿衣服。【语块积累】
(1)give sb. first aid　　　对某人进行急救
perform first aid 施行急救
come/go to one’s aid 帮助某人
with the aid of 在……的帮助下 (2)aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)_____ the aid of our English teacher, we have made great progress this term.
(2)Tom’s uncle aided him __ getting a new job. ?Within(3)A dictionary can aid him _______(learn) English
well. ?
(4)They aided the poor ____ food and clothes. to learnwith4. strike vi. &vt. 侵袭; 突击; 击打 n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击
*The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 am Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
这场海底地震于星期天早上大约7点在印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛西海岸爆发。*It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
我突然想起来我明天在上海有一个重要的会议。
*The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.
游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。*Tom struck his little sister in the face.
汤姆打了他小妹妹的脸。
*The workers decided to go on strike for higher pay.
工人们决定为争取更高的工资而罢工。【语块积累】
(1)It strikes/struck sb. that . . . (某人)突然想到……
be struck by 被……打动/迷住了
strike . . . into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
strike sb. +介词+the+身体部位
打某人的某处(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工【熟词生义】
My heart struck heavily when it was my turn to
answer the questions. ( )
当轮到我回答问题时, 我的心怦怦直跳。vi. 心跳【即学活用】
(1) __ ______ ___ ____ the phone number I had told
them was wrong.
我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。
(2)If the interests of the workers are not considered,
they’ll ___ ___ _____ next week.
如果工人的利益得不到考虑, 下周他们会继续罢工。Itstruckmethatgoonstrike(3) ______ ___ strong flood, the area faced water and electricity shortage. 世纪金榜导学号
受到洪水的袭击, 这个地区面临着缺水和停电。Struckby5. deliver vt. &vi. 递送; 传达　vt. 发表
*The postman at last delivered the letter we had been waiting for.
邮递员总算把我们盼望已久的信送到了。*He earned his living by delivering lectures throughout the country.
他靠在全国各地巡回演讲谋生。
*We had a big delivery of books yesterday.
昨天我们收到大批订购的书。【语块积累】
(1)deliver sth. to sb. 　　把某物传递给某人
deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说
(2)delivery n. 递送; 交付 【熟词生义】
*She was safely delivered of a boy in the early hours
of this morning. ( )
她今天清晨顺利生下一个男孩。vt. 接生【名师点津】拒绝双宾语的deliver
　　deliver后不接双宾语, 即不能说deliver sb. sth. , 只能说deliver sth. to sb. 。【即学活用】
(1)The headmaster ________ ___ _________ ______ at the meeting yesterday.
在昨天的会议上校长发表了重要演说。
(2)Please ______ ____ ________ __ my mother.
请把这个包裹交给我母亲。deliveredanimportantspeechdeliverthispackageto(3)He ________ __ ______ to the students.
他给学生们开办了一次讲座。 deliveredalecture6. effect n. 影响; 结果; 效果
*The rain has had a very bad effect on the crops.
这场雨极其严重地影响了庄稼(的生长)。
*The two methods are in effect of the same.
这两个方法实际上是一样的。*The act was passed by Congress and came into effect in August, 1980.
这项法令由国会通过, 于1980年8月实施。
*The medicine is an effective cure for a headache.
这药治头痛疗效很好。【语块积累】
(1)have an effect on/upon　对……产生影响
come into effect 生效
take effect 生效
in effect 事实上; 实际上
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的; 有影响的 【即学活用】用effect的相关短语填空
(1)The medicine __________________ your disease. ?
这药物对你的病疗效很大。
(2)His reply is _______ an apology. ?
他的答复事实上是一种道歉。had a great effect onin effect(3)The sport has a _________ on children. ?
这项运动对儿童有副作用。
(4)The new tax law will not _______________________
until January. ?
新税法到1月份才生效。side effecttake effect/come into effect7. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. ?
我和我的三个孩子正在吃饭, 这时水开始溢进我的家里。【句式解构】
　　该句式为be doing. . . when. . . 结构, 表示: “正在做……, 这时突然……”, when 为并列连词, 表示“这时; 突然”, 相当于and at this/that time。
*Jack was doing some shopping in a supermarket when the earthquake happened.
杰克正在超市购物, 突然发生了地震。【知识拓展】
be about to do. . . when. . . 　　　正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing. . . when. . . 正要做……这时……
had (just) done. . . when. . . 刚做完……这时……*They were about to give up/ on the point of giving up when the teacher encouraged them to continue.
他们快要放弃努力时, 老师鼓励他们继续下去。*She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她刚做完作业, 她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。【即学活用】句式仿写
(1)约翰正在房间里学习, 这时他听到了一声尖叫。
John ____________ in his room _____ he heard
screaming. ?
(2)我正想着这件事, 突然听到有人叫我的名字。
______________________________________________was studyingwhenI was thinking of this when I heard my name called. ?【要点拾遗】
1. erupt vi. &vt. (火山)爆发; (岩浆、烟等)喷出
*An active volcano may erupt at any time.
活火山随时可能喷发。词汇复现
*Their talk erupted into quarrel. 他们的谈话突然变成争吵。
*Steam erupted from the geyser. 蒸汽从热水锅炉里冒出。【语块积累】
(1)erupt into　　　　突然变为/发展成
erupt from 从……喷出
(2)eruption n. 爆发, 喷发【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Laughter erupted _____ the audience.
(2)It’s many years since Mount Vesuvius last _______
(erupt).
(3)Then, without warning, she erupts ____ laughter.
(4)His death caused an ________(erupt) of anger and
violence. ?fromeruptedintoeruption2. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力
*The new president came into power last month.
新总统上个月开始执政。
*The raising of 5, 000 yuan for the school was a task beyond their power.
要为学校筹集五千块钱是一项超出他们能力的任务。*Our country has never been so powerful as it is today.
我们的国家从未像今天这样强大。【语块积累】
(1)come to/into power　上台; 开始执政
in power 掌权, 执政
in one’s power 在某人的能力范围内
beyond /out of one’s power 超出某人能力范围 electric power 电力
power station 发电站
power failure 停电
(2)powerful adj. 强大的; 有影响力的; 有势力的
powerless adj. 无力的; 无权的; 无效能的【名师点津】短暂的come to power
come to/into power是表示短暂性动作的短语, 在完成时态的句子中, 不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 可以换成be in power。例如:
他上台执政已5年了。
①He came into power five years ago.
②He has been in power for five years.
③It has been five years since he came into power. 【即学活用】用power的相关短语填空
(1)Such things are _____________________. ?
这些事不在我力所能及的范围之内。
(2)The new president has been ________ for six months. ?
新总统执政六个月了。beyond/out of my powerin power(3)As soon as their party _______________ they changed the law. ?
他们的党一上台, 他们就开始修改法律。
(4)The town was blacked out due to ____________. ?
这个城镇由于停电变得一片漆黑。 came into powerpower failure3. calm adj. 镇静的; 沉着的　vt. 使平静; 使镇静
*The famous doctor is going to set out to perform the operation, so please keep calm.
那位著名的医生就要开始做手术, 因此请保持镇静。*The music made them calmer, and their talk was much better.
音乐让他们更镇静了, 他们的谈话也更顺畅了。
*When the nurse came in the crying baby calmed down very soon.
当护士进来时, 那个哭泣的婴儿很快安静下来。【语块积累】
keep/stay calm　　　　保持镇静
calm down 使平静下来【知识拓展】【即学活用】用calm的相关短语填空
(1)It is very important to _________ when an earthquake breaks out. ?
当地震发生时, 保持镇定是非常重要的。
(2)If you don’t __________, you’re going to have a heart attack. ?
你如果不平静下来, 就会心脏病发作。keep calmcalm down【拓展训练】选词填空(calm/quiet/silent/still)
(1)He was _____ for a moment, then began his answer. ?
(2)I kept telling myself to keep _____ before the speaking. ?silentcalm(3)It is because his feet move on, but his head stays
____.
(4)Those books must be moved again, while the city
was _____. stillquiet4. on hand现有(尤指帮助)
*The department will have experts on hand to give you all the help you need.
这个部门将有现成的专家给你提供你需要的所有帮助。
*The examinations are at hand, he is very nervous.
考试在即, 他很紧张。*I heard about it at first hand from my neighbour.
我是直接从我的邻居那里听来的。
*He brought up the child by hand.
那孩子是他亲手带大的。*We must deal with the situation before it gets out of hand.
我们应在局面变得无法控制前找到对策。
*The children walk down the street hand in hand.
孩子们手拉手在街上散步。【导图理词】【即学活用】根据语境猜测词义
(1)Soon school will end and the summer vacation will
be at hand. ( )
(2)We wished to obtain information at first hand.
( )
(3)Let’s pick off the insects by hand. ( )即将到来第一手地用手(4)The boy is getting out of hand. ( )
(5)Theory should go hand in hand with practice.
( )
(6) On the other hand, many women choose to go out
to work. ( )无法控制联合起来另一方面5. sweep away消灭; 彻底消除
*Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake.
渔民、游客、旅馆, 家园以及汽车都被地震引起的巨大海浪冲走了。*They say they will sweep away the methods and introduce new ones.
他们说要废除这些方法而采用新方法。【语块积累】
【即学活用】
(1)The floods __________ part of the bank. ?
洪水冲垮了一部分堤岸。
(2)The wind ___________________. ?
风吹走了树叶。swept awayswept the leaves away(3)The bridge ______________ by the floods. ?
桥被洪水冲走了。 was swept away6. stand at sth. 达到特定(数量、高度等)
*In Sri Lanka, some 1, 600 kilometres west of the
quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2, 498.
在斯里兰卡震中以西约1 600千米处, 死亡人数高达
2 498人。词汇复现*He just stood aside and allowed it to happen.
他只是冷眼旁观, 允许它发生。
*One who stands by you in times of trouble is your true friend.
困难时帮助你的人才是真正的朋友。*In this secret code each number stands for a letter of the alphabet.
在这组密码中, 每个号码代表字母表中的一个字母。【语块积累】
stand aside　　　　站到一边
stand by 站在旁边, 袖手旁观; 支持, 支援
stand behind 支持
stand for 代表, 表示
stand out 显眼, 引人注目; 超群, 优秀【即学活用】
用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)I hope you don’t expect me just to stand _____.
(2)We’ve got to stand _________ them in this struggle.
(3)This symbol stands ___ strength and integrity. ?
(4)Her bright red hair made her stand ___ from the
others. asidebehind/byforout7. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. ?
然而, 危险的环境和被毁的道路将使得食物和用品很难送达。 【句式解构】
　　本句为简单句, 其结构为: 主语+make +it +adj. +for sb. +to do, 其中it为形式宾语, adj. 作宾语补足语, 真正宾语为后面的动词不定式短语, for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。*The money made it possible for him to travel abroad.
这笔钱使得他出国旅行成为可能。
*I will make it easier for people to use computers.
我要让人们更容易地使用电脑。【知识拓展】“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
(1)make +宾语+名词
*Most pop singers make music their career.
大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。(2)make +宾语+形容词
*His success made his mother very happy.
他的成功让母亲很开心。
(3)make +宾语+不带to的不定式
*Nobody made us go to bed at a certain time.
没有人让我们在某一固定时间就寝。 (4)make +宾语+过去分词
*The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
(5)make +宾语+介词短语
*You made him into an honest one.
你使他成为一个诚实的人。(6)make +形式宾语it +形容词或名词 +从句(作真正的宾语)
*They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们要向公众表明, 他们所做的工作不但重要, 而且是必不可少的。 【即学活用】
(1)I want to _____________ to you not to waste time. ?
我要让你知道不要浪费时间。
(2)This method can __________________ to finish the
work. ?
这种方法能使你更容易完成工作。make it knownmake it easy for you【导语】 本文节选自英国小说家尼尔·盖曼的《坟场之书》。尼尔·盖曼是近十年来欧美文坛崛起的最耀眼的明星, 被视为新一代幻想文学的代表。其创作领域横跨幻想小说、科幻小说、恐怖小说、儿童小说、漫画以及歌词。他的作品部部畅销。How Nobody Came to the Graveyard
　　There was a hand in the darkness, and it held a knife.
　　The knife had a handle of polished black bone, and a blade finer and sharper than any razor. If it sliced you, you might not even know you had been cut, not immediately. 　　The knife had done almost everything it was brought to that house to do, and both the blade and the handle were wet.
　　The street door was still open, just a little, where the knife and the man who held it had slipped in, and wisps of night-time mist slithered and twined into the house through the open door. 　　The man Jack paused on the landing. With his
left hand he pulled a large white handkerchief from
the pocket of his black coat, and with it he wiped off
the knife and his gloved right hand which had been
holding it; then he put the handkerchief away. The
hunt was almost over. He had left the woman in herbed, the man on the bedroom floor, the older child in her brightly colored bedroom, surrounded by toys and half-finished models. That only left the little one, a baby barely a toddler, to take care of. One more and his task would be done. 　　He flexed his fingers. The man Jack was, above all things, a professional, or so he told himself, and he would not allow himself to smile until the job was completed.
　　His hair was dark and his eyes were dark and he wore black leather gloves of the thinnest lambskin. 　　The toddler’s room was at the very top of the house. The man Jack walked up the stairs, his feet silent on the carpeting. Then he pushed open the attic door, and he walked in. His shoes were black leather, and they were polished to such a shine that they looked like dark mirrors you could see the moon reflected in them, tiny and half full. 　　The real moon shone through the casement window. Its light was not bright, and it was diffused by the mist, but the man Jack would not need much light. The moonlight was enough. It would do. 　　He could make out the shape of the child in the crib, head and limbs and torso.
　　The crib had high, slatted sides to prevent the child from getting out. Jack leaned over, raised his right hand, the one holding the knife, and he aimed for the chest. . . 　　. . . and then he lowered his hand. The shape in the crib was a teddy bear. There was no child. 　　The man Jack’s eyes were accustomed to the dim moonlight, so he had no desire to turn on an electric light. And light was not that important, after all. He had other skills. 　　The man Jack sniffed the air. He ignored the
scents that had come into the room with him,
dismissed the scents that he could safely ignore,
honed in on the smell of the thing he had come to
find. He could smell the child: a milky smell, like
chocolate chip cookies, and the sour tang of a wet, disposable, night-time diaper. He could smell the baby shampoo in its hair, and something small and rubbery—a toy, he thought, and then, no, something to suck—that the child had been carrying. 　　The child had been here. It was here no longer.
The man Jack followed his nose down the stairs
through the middle of the tall, thin house. He
inspected the bathroom, the kitchen, the airing
cupboard, and, finally, the downstairs hall, in which
there was nothing to be seen but the family’s bicycles, a pile of empty shopping bags, a fallen diaper, and the stray tendrils of fog that had insinuated themselves into the hall from the open door to the street. 课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. A number of strong earthquakes have hit Hawaii’s Big Island, a day after the eruption(爆发)of the Kilauea volcano. One 6. 9 magnitude quake, southeast of the volcano(火山), has been the most powerful (强有力的)to hit the US state since 1975. ?
2. In order to save water, we must turn off the tap(水龙头) after washing our hands. Check the old water pipes(水管)and replace the bad ones.
3. In an emergency(突发事件), if everyone can keep calm (镇静的)and do first aid(帮助), lives can be saved as many as possible.
4. The high-temperature strikes(袭击)southern Quebec, and the heat wave(波浪) is the worst the province has seen in decades, officials say.
5. In summary(总结), it is my opinion that the disaster (灾难)has had a lasting effect(影响) on the country’s development.
Ⅱ. 根据语境及汉语提示完成句子
1. We can supply you with(提供)the best service. ?
2. I can’t survive on(维持生活) ￡20 a week. ?
3. Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power(超出我的能力)to do so. ?
4. Whatever may happen, you must keep calm(保持镇静). ?
5. A first-aid kit(急救包)is a necessary piece of equipment for people when traveling. ?
6. We may travel with the aid of (在……帮助下)a good map. ?
7. He gave me all the books on hand(现有). ?
8. The boy helped his mother sweep away (消除, 打扫)the dirt on the floor. ?
9. The foreign visitors were deeply struck by (打动, 迷住)the beauty of the West Lake. ?
10. The new law will have a great effect on(对……有很大影响)the lives of most people. ?
课时素养评价 十五
Unit 4　Reading for Writing
Ⅰ. 选词填空
1. Mount Vesuvius hasn’t erupted for many years. (erupted, eruption)
2. What supplies shall we need for our mountain climb? (supplies, supplied)
3. He has got a powerful position in the government. (powerful, power)
4. He whistled happily as he rode along on his bike. (whistles, whistled)
5. The nurse was busy calming the frightened child. (calm, calming)
6. The students are sweeping the floor of the classroom. (swept, sweeping)
7. In all our travelling, we never saw an adult strike a child. (strike, struck)
8. The strike caused a great delay in the delivery of the mail. (delivery, deliver)
9. The medicine is an effective cure for a headache. (effective, effect)
10. The length of time we were there was two hours. (long, length)
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. Reading in the open air (在户外)will damage your eyes. ?
2. In danger they always keep calm(保持镇定). ?
3. The little boy couldn’t nearly breathe, and the man gave him the first aid(急救). ?
4. He had a big task on hand (现有)and he began to do it without delay. ?
5. As a child, he watched a river sweep away (冲走)the wheat planted on the family farm in Indiana. ?
6. My father has had a great effect on(有很大影响) me since I was a little boy. He teaches me how to do a good person. ?
7. The environment has been getting worse and worse since 1983, when the Labour government came to power(上台). ?
8. We aid them in(帮助)fighting against their enemy. ?
9. Deaths caused by the tsunami this year now stands at (达到)138. ?
10. Visitors to Beijing are usually struck by (被打动)the great number of trees in the city. ?
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
　　As we know, earthquakes can bring people much fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 2008. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400, 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了历史上发生在世界范围内破坏程度严重的地震。
1. Earthquakes happen _________. ?
A. in all the places in the world
B. only in a few places along the coast
C. regularly in most places in the world
D. only in the countries that have a lot of mountains
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. ”可知, 然而, 世界上大多数地方都经常发生地震。所以地震经常发生在世界上大多数的地方。
2. When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported?
A. In 1964 in Alaska. 　　 B. In 1556 in China.
C. In 1923 in Japan. D. In 2008 in China.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400, 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556. ”可知, 有史以来最严重的地震发生在中国, 有40万人死亡或受伤。这次地震发生在1556年。所以有史以来最严重的地震发生在1556年的中国。
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Earthquakes can cause fires.
B. Earthquakes often come unexpectedly.
C. The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.
D. People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. ”可知, 强烈地震并非总是造成最多的人死亡。故C选项“地震越强烈, 死亡的人就越多”是错误的。
4. What may be talked about in the seventh paragraph?
A. How do earthquakes happen?
B. How do earthquakes worry people?
C. What will people do to prepare for earthquakes?
D. How can we save people when earthquakes happen?
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段“Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes. ”可知, 地震让人们非常担心。原因是我们经常不知道地震什么时候发生。人们不能为地震做准备。那么在第七段就要向人们科普一下人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情。
B
　　You discover a shampoo that leaves your hair looking beautiful. But gradually, as you use it more, its magical effects seem to disappear. “It’s just your hair getting used to it, ”your mom says. And so you put the shampoo away and look for your next wonder product.
It sort of makes sense—why would something that left you looking nice at first suddenly start losing its effect after some time? Are there some other factors(因素)at play? Can your hair really get used to a certain shampoo?
Marie Claire spoke to hair experts and it turned out that it’s not true. Your hair cannot get so used to a product that it just stops working.
So what is the deal? Cynthia Alvarez, a famous hair stylist, explained that there are a number of factors leading to your hair puzzle, but basically, it’s not the shampoo. “A shampoo does not stop working because your hair gets used to it, ”she said. If your shampoo stops giving you the results you want, the condition and needs of your hair have most likely changed, or the season may have changed — it’s more humid, the sun is stronger, or the air is drier. Your state of health may also be different from a recent illness.
In other words, you need to give up blaming the shampoo. So what can you do to make your hair look beautiful for a little longer? Alvarez suggests changing your ways of hair care when factors, such as the weather, change. Experts also suggest keeping an eye on the amount of shampoo you’re using because over conditioning can be bad for your hair.
【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章论述了你长时间使用一种洗发水后, 它的神奇效果似乎消失了的原因。
5. What is the topic of the first paragraph?
A. A mother’s opinion about a hair conditioner.
B. A misunderstanding about shampoo.
C. The shampoo market.
D. Shampoo misuse.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句And so you put the shampoo away and look for your next wonder product. 及后文对这种观点的反驳可知, 第一段主要陈述了人们对洗发水的误解。故选B。
6. What is Cynthia Alvarez’s opinion about shampoo and hair care?
A. Your hair can easily get used to a shampoo.
B. Your hair can get used to different shampoos.
C. A shampoo can still work after being used for a long time.
D. Your hair condition is decided by the quality of your shampoo.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段Cynthia Alvarez, a famous hair stylist, explained that there are a number of factors leading to your hair puzzle, but basically, it’s not the shampoo. “A shampoo does not stop working because your hair gets used to it, ” she said. 可知, Cynthia Alvarez认为洗发水并不会因为你的头发习惯了它而不再起作用。
7. According to Cynthia Alvarez, how many factors have effect on your hair condition?
A. One. 　　　　　B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段If your shampoo stops giving you the results you want, the condition and needs of your hair have most likely changed, or the season may have changed—it’s more humid, the sun is stronger, or the air is drier. Your state of health may also be different from a recent illness. 可知, 会影响你头发状况的因素有你头发的状况和需求、季节和你的健康状况。
8. To keep your hair looking nice, you should_________. ?
A. keep your way of hair care
B. change the shampoo regularly
C. keep an eye on changes in your health condition
D. use a proper amount of shampoo every time
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段Experts also suggest keeping an eye on the amount of shampoo you’re using because over conditioning can be bad for your hair. 可知, 为了让你的头发看起来漂亮, 专家还建议注意洗发水和护发素的用量, 因为过度使用护发素对头发有害。
Ⅱ. 应用文写作
　　假定你是李华, 在英国做交换生, 昨天你的室友Tony在去教室的路上跌倒了, 一个中国女孩救了他。请给校求助中心写一封邮件, 寻求那名帮助Tony的中国女学生。
提示词: exchange student交换生; roommate室友
fall down跌倒; express表达
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
　　I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I am writing to ask you to look for a Chinese student.
　　Yesterday, my roommate Tony was on the way to the classroom when he fell down and could hardly move.
　　Just at that moment, a Chinese girl came to him. She gave him first aid and called an ambulance. Thanks to the kind girl, Tony was sent to hospital in time. But the girl left quietly before Tony could express his thanks. The girl is about 18 years old and of medium height with short hair. Tony is eager to meet her to express his sincere thanks. Could you please help find her?
　　Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
课件2张PPT。Unit 4　
Natural Disasters