课件33张PPT。Unit 5 Languages around the World
Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句(Restrictive relative clause)(2)
where, when, why, prep. +which/whom引导的定语从句
【情境探究】观察上面对话, 并完成句子
1. 我仍然记得我们第一次来到这座城市的那一天。
I still remember ____________________ we first arrived in the city. ?the day when/on which2. 这个就是我们以前住过的房子。
This is ______________________ we used to live. ?
3. 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。
The reason _____________ he failed is his carelessness. ?the house in which/wherewhy /for which【要义详析】
一、关系副词的分类
1. when指时间, 在定语从句中作时间状语。
*I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
我仍然记得我第一次到这个学校的那一天。2. where指地点, 在定语从句中作地点状语。
*The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前住的房子已经被拆毁了。3. why指原因, 在定语从句中作原因状语。
*Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你误机的原因。【名师点津】关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
关系代词和关系副词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分: 如果作状语, 则用关系副词; 如果作主语、宾语、表语, 则用关系代词, 不能只看先行词是什么。4. 易混句式对比。
(1)①I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm. (关系代词作spent的宾语)
②I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm. (关系副词作时间状语, when=on which)(2)①He works in the factory that/ which makes bikes.
(关系代词作定语从句的主语)
②He works in the factory where bikes are made.
(关系副词在句中作地点状语where=in which)(3)①This is the reason that/which he explained to us.
(关系代词作explained的宾语)
②This is the reason why he was late.
(关系副词作原因状语, why=for which) 【知识延伸】
1. 当先行词是case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position等表示抽象的地点、地步、条件、形势、环境、地位等含义的名词时, 通常使用关系副词where。*The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
媒体常常能够帮助解决问题, 让大家关注需要帮助的境况。*He has reached the point where a change is needed.
他到了需要改弦易辙的地步了。
*There are cases where he gets angry.
他有生气的时候。*I’ve reached the stage where I just don’t care any more.
我已经到了什么也不在乎的地步了。
*We are in a position where we must fight back as soon as possible.
在这样的处境下, 我们必须尽可能快地进行反击。2. 当先行词是occasion, time, age等表示抽象意义的时间名词时, 通常使用关系副词when。
*In a sports team, each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions when members are uncertain of their roles. 在运动队里, 每一个队员都有一个明确的任务, 队员们对自己的任务不明确的情况很少。*There was a time when I didn’t like English.
曾经有一段时间我不喜欢英语。
*We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.
我们生活在一个许多事情靠计算机来做的时代。【即学活用】连词成句
1. this, the reason, is, why, are, they, against, all,
the plan
_____________________________________________This is the reason why they are all against the plan. ?2. some sports, take an active part in, you, where,
meet, can, various kinds of people
___________________________________________
__________________________Take an active part in some sports where you canmeet various kinds of people. ?3. the time of a year, winter, is, when, and, the days,
are short, nights are long
_____________________________________________
__________________Winter is the time of a year when the days are shortand nights are long. ?二、介词+which/ whom引导定语从句
1. 介词+ which指物; 介词+ whom指人
*The man with whom I talked just now is from Beijing University. (talk with sb. 和某人说话)
刚才和我谈话的那个人是北京大学的。*I have only $10 with which I could buy him a present.
我只有10美元来给他买礼物。(with money用钱)
*I want to make friends with Jack from whom to improve my English. (from Jack从杰克那里)
我想和杰克交朋友, 从他那儿提高我的英语水平。2. 介词+ which/ whom中介词的选择依据
(1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
*Water is the natural medium in which fish live.
水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)【名师点津】注意固定搭配中介词的位置
有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分, 此时应注意它们的位置。
*The boy whom my sister is looking after is getting better. (注意搭配look after)
我姐姐正在照顾的那个男孩正变得越来越好。(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
*He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. (注意搭配 be familiar with)
他要我去看一些我不熟悉的参考书。 (3)看先行词与介词的搭配习惯
这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。
*I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. (注意搭配 on the day)
我永远不会忘记她与我告别的那一天。【即学活用】选词填空
(1)—Wow. You speak Chinese so well! Where did you pick it up?
—It was in the school ________(to which/where) you paid a visit. ?to which(2)Care of the soul is a gradual process ________
(which/in which) even the small details of life should
be considered. 世纪金榜导学号?in which(3)This is the man ________(whom/to whom) I
referred. ?
(4)That is the day ________(which/on which) he was
born. ?
(5)Do you like the book ________(which/on which)
she spent $10? ?to whomon whichon which【知识延伸】需牢牢记住的易混句式对比
*Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday?
(the one作表语, that引导定语从句, 修饰the one)
*Is this factory what you visited yesterday?
(what引导表语从句) *Is this factory the one where you stayed yesterday?
(the one作表语, where引导定语从句, 修饰the one)
*Is this factory where you stayed yesterday?
(where引导表语从句)*Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday? (that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语, 可省略)
*Is this the factory where you stayed yesterday?
(where引导定语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语)*I didn’t like the way that/in which/不填 she spoke to me. (that/in which/不填引导定语从句, 并在从句中作状语)
*I didn’t like the way that/which he thinks is the best. (that/which引导定语从句, 并在从句中作主语)课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系代词或副词填空
1. Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2. Do you like the book for which she paid $10? ?
3. Do you like the book from which she learned a lot? ?
4. Do you like the book about which she often talks? ?
5. The tower from which people can have a good view is on the hill. ?
6. The man to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. ?
7. She glanced at the room where four men were talking aloud.
8. Do you know the year when/on which the Chinese Communist Party was founded? ?
9. The factory where/in which we are working will be rebuilt soon. ?
10. The reason why/for which she did it is that she wouldn’t let her parents feel disappointed. ?
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全下列定语从句
1. This is the museum where we saw the famous painting. ?
这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。(where)
2. We live in an age when people can communicate more easily than ever before. ?
我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。(when)
3. The reason why he was late was that he got up late. ?
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why)
4. The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. ?
他们寻找的文件已经找到了。(for which)
5. This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. ?
这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。(from whom)
6. The man to whom you were talking just now is my English teacher. ?
刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。(to whom)
7. I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the party. ?
我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。(on which)
8. The factory in which my father works is in the east of the city. ?
父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。(in which)
9. None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. ?
我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。(for which)
10. Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born. ?
我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(in which)
运用定语从句介绍一次参观活动。
1. 上周日, 刘梅和她的朋友们想去参观她父亲上学的学校。(where)
2. 他们记下父亲告诉他们的信息后就出发了。(about which)
3. 他们这样做只是想了解乡村学校。(why)
4. 但他们却永远忘不了在那里玩得很开心的那一天。(when)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Last Sunday Liu Mei and her friends wanted to visit the school where her father studied. They wrote down some information about which her father told them, and then set out. The reason why they did it was that they wanted to know about the village school. But they will never forget the day when they had a good time. ?
课时素养评价 十七
Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ. 选词填空
1. I can never forget the day on which(on which/in which) we worked together . ?
2. Last summer we visited the West Lake, for which(for which/for that) Hangzhou is famous in the world. ?
3. This is the reason for which(with which /for which) he didn’t come to the meeting. ?
4. The engineer with whom(with who/with whom) my father works is about 50 years old. ?
5. The pen with which(with which /by which) he is writing is mine. ?
6. Can you lend me the book about which(about which/with which ) you talked the other day? ?
7. This machine which I have looked after(after which I have looked /which I have looked after) for many years is still working perfectly. ?
8. That is not the way in which(in which/with which) I do it. ?
9. This is the magazine from which(which/from which) I copied the paragraph. ?
10. That is the day which(which/on which) I’ll never forget.
Ⅱ. 英汉互译
1. 他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。
The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear. ?
2. 你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗?
Do you still remember the day when/on which we first saw each other? ?
3. 这就是上个月他们住过的宾馆。
This is the hotel where/in which they stayed last month. ?
4. The house in which once two people lived is empty now.
曾经住着两个人的房子现在已经空了。
5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory where we are working.
从那时起, 我们工作过的工厂发生了很大变化。
6. That is the place about which they just now talked.
那就是他们刚才讨论的地方。
句型转换
1. The file reminded me of the hard times when we had nothing to eat.
→The file reminded me of the hard times in which we had nothing to eat.
2. The reason why he was late for the lecture is that he got up late this morning.
→The reason for which he was late for the lecture is that he got up late this morning.
3. The farm where I once lived has a great effect on my life.
→The farm on which I once lived has a great effect on my life. ?
Ⅰ. 完形填空
People from Great Britain brought the English language to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries.
And in the 1 300 years, there were 2 many changes in 3 places that now people can 4 tell an English person 5 an American in the way he or she speaks. ?
Many old words 6 in England but were kept in America. For example, 300 years ago people in Great Britain got their water from something they called either a “faucet”, a “spigot”or a “tap”. All these words are 7 heard in different parts of America, but only “tap” is still common in 8 . Americans often made up new words or changed old 9 . “Corn”is one kind of plant in America and 10 in England. ?
Also, over the last three centuries, the English language has 11 thousands of new words for things that weren’t known 12 . And often, American and English people used 13 names for them. A tin can is called “tin” for short in English, but a “can” in America. The word “radio” is 14 all over the world, including America. But many English people call it a “wireless”. And almost anything having something to do 15 cars, railroads, etc. 16 different names in British and American English. ?
But now American and British English may be growing closer together. One 17 is the large number of American speeches that British people hear daily in movies on television or 18 travelers. ?
19 this, Americans seem to be influencing (影响)the British more or less. So some day, English may even be the 20 on both sides of the Atlantic. ?
【文章大意】本文介绍了英式英语和美式英语的发展和区别。
1. A. following B. recent C. old D. last
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。第一句提到了英国人在16世纪和17世纪把英语带到了北美。因此, 此处用in the following 300 years表示在接下来的300年里。故选A。
2. A. such B. too C. so D. great
【解析】选C。固定句式题。so. . . that. . . 是固定句式, 意为“如此……以至于……”。故选C。
3. A. either B. both C. neither D. too
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。上文提到了两个地点Great Britain和North America, 且此处表示肯定的含义, 应用both。故选B。
4. A. hardly B. finally C. clearly D. easily
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由于发生了很大的变化, 人们应该很容易分辨出美国人和英国人。故选D。
5. A. with B. from C. to D. of
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。tell. . . from. . . 意为“把……和……区分开”。故选B。
6. A. disappeared B. appeared C. spoke D. took
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据空后but were kept in America可知, disappeared与were kept相对应。故选A。
7. A. yet B. hardly C. also D. still
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。此句是对but were kept in America的进一步说明。故选D。
8. A. America B. China C. England D. British
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由but前的in different parts of America可知, 此处应该选择England。
9. A. word B. forms C. ones D. ways
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由前面的new words 可知此处应该用old words, 用ones代替words。故选C。
10. A. another B. other
C. others D. other’s
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上文的one kind of plant可知, 此处应指另外一种植物。故选A。
11. A. found B. added
C. covered D. discovered
【解析】选B。词汇辨析题。found发现; added增加; covered覆盖; discovered发现。句意: 在近三个世纪以来, 要想表达以前不知道的事物, 就必须“增加”词汇, 因此应该用added。故选B。
12. A. anywhere B. after C. before D. once
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。增加的词汇用来表示“以前”不知道的事物。故选C。
13. A. new B. short
C. different D. surprising
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。从后面的两句话可知, 此处是指用“不同的”词汇指代同一物体。故选C。
14. A. produced B. made C. developed D. used
【解析】选D。词汇辨析题。produced生产, 制造; made制造; developed发展; used使用。既然“radio”是一个词, 它应该被世界各地的人们所“使用”。故选D。
15. A. to B. on C. with D. from
【解析】选C。固定句式题。have sth. to do with是固定句式, 意为: 与……有关。故选C。
16. A. has B. gives C. calls D. finds
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意: 与汽车、铁路有关的东西都“有”不同的名字。故选A。
17. A. thing B. cause
C. belief D. expression
【解析】选A。词汇辨析题。thing事情, 情况; cause原因, 事业; belief信念, 相信; expression词语, 表达。此处用来表明美式英语和英式英语越来越接近。故选A。
18. A. from B. in C. on D. to
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。与前面的in movies on television并列, 应该用from travelers, 表示“游客所讲的语言”。故选A。
19. A. For B. Instead of
C. Besides D. Because of
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。从后半句可以看出, 正是由于上句话中所提到的原因才得出结论: 美国人似乎对英国人产生了影响。故选D。
20. A. different B. fluent C. same D. useful
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。上文谈到美国人对英国人产生了影响, 所以作者最后说“将来有一天大西洋两岸的英语可能会一样”。
课件39张PPT。Unit 5 Languages around the World
Listening and Speaking 【导语】 美式英语, 由她说出; 爱的语言, 由她掌控。 尽管语言有千万种, 但无法阻挡情感的交流。 ?American English
注: 听音填空— Wax
Here comes my one and only Talking like a starlet on
a Hollywood screen
She whispers something to me
I hear the words but I don’t know what she ①______meansOh she speaks American English
Oh don’t always understand
Though she speaks American English
Got the language of love
At her command Love ②______ transatlantic
I’m hot and bothered by her figure of speech
Can’t ③______ her semantics
But when her body moves it’s clear to me
Oh she speaks American English travelsfollowOh don’t always understand
Though she speaks American English
Got the language of love
At her command
We don’t need words
To express ④__________?what is realWe’ve got each other
That says everything that we feel
There’s too much damn confusion
With all this talking going round and round
We’ll ⑤_____ our own conclusion
We’ll make connection on the common groundreachOh she speaks American
English Oh don’t always
understand
Though she speaks American English
Got the language of love
At her command
Oh she speaks American English Oh don’t always understand
Though she speaks American English
Got the language of love
At her command 【词海拾贝】【话题点拨】
在学习英语的过程中, 我们可能会遇到很多问题, 要学好英语就要参加各种英语主题活动, 比如英语口语比赛、英语角等。【话题词汇】
1. pronounce a word发音
2. pick up a language(非正式途径)学会一门语言
3. go and/ to try去试试
4. make mistakes犯错误5. understand each other彼此理解
6. English corner英语角
7. got it明白了
8. native English speaker以英语为母语的人
9. different in vocabulary词汇方面不同10. make a sentence with. . . 用……造句
11. speak different languages说不同的语言
12. open one’s mouth to speak张开嘴说……
13. give sb. a chance to do sth. 给某人一个机会做某事
14. communicate with sb. 与某人交流【话题句式】
1. Do you mean trousers? 你说的是裤子吗?
2. I’m sorry, what does the word “pants”mean?
抱歉, pants一词是什么意思?
3. How do you pronounce the word “travel”?
你怎么读travel这个单词? 4. I’m sorry, would you mind repeating the word “despite”?
抱歉, 你能重复一下despite这个词吗?
5. I beg your pardon?
你能重新说一遍吗? 6. I feel too nervous to speak in class.
我感觉很紧张, 无法在课上说话。
7. I have difficulty in spelling some new words.
我在拼读一些新单词方面有困难。【话题点拨】
英美发音的不同点
1. 当字母r出现在单词的元音字母组合中时, 北美英语会出现独特的卷舌音。也就是元音发音完毕后, 要很流畅地将舌尖向后卷, 但不得接触上腭。 2. 英语中的元音/ɑ?/在用于/f, ??, s /或鼻音前时, 美语发为/?/, 但在字母组合lm前发音为/ɑ/。 3. 英语/??/变为美语/?/或/ɑ/。 4. 英语/? /、/? /在美语中不再区分, 读为/?/。 5. 美式英语中的 t: 字母t可出现在单词的词首、词中和词尾三个部位。其中在词首与词尾时的发音技巧与英式英语相同。例如: tight / /。而在词中时, 英国人的读法和词首、词尾一致, 美国人却有两种读法。由舌尖弹动发出的弹舌音, 听起来像一个非常轻的/d/。如: better city letter little。/t/ /d/
Italian Italy
photography photograph【对点演练】
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
1. What does the woman think of the movie?
A. It’s amusing. B. It’s exciting.
C. It’s disappointing. 2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France?
A. Traveling around.
B. Studying at a school.
C. Looking after her aunt. 3. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Going out. B. Ordering drinks.
C. Preparing for a party. 4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a classroom. B. In a library.
C. In a bookstore.
答案: 1~4. CACB【情境交际】
Scene One
Ted向Rose请教如何正确发音以及记忆单词。
根据提示完成对话。
Ted: Excuse me, Rose, ____________________________
(我发音方面有困难)some of the words in the text. Could
you help me? ?I have difficulty in pronouncingRose: Sure.
Ted: ____________________(你怎么读)this word? ?
Rose: Travel.
Ted: Travel. ________________(它是什么意思)? ?
Rose: It means going from one place to another. How do you pronounceWhat does it meanTed: I see. _________________(这一个呢)? ?
Rose: Austria. It’s a country which is in Europe. To
remember them, you have to ___________________
_____(用它们造句子). ?
Ted: I want to travel to Austria.
Rose: Good. You see. You have learned the pronunciation and the meanings of them. How about this onemake a sentence withthemScene Two
Mary和Linda在讨论去“英语角”练习口语的问题。
请选择适当的选项完成对话
Mary: 1. ______ Do you know how to improve my
English? ?
Linda: How about going to the English corner with me
on Sunday morning? B Mary: 2. ______
Linda: Why not?
Mary: 3. ______, especially spoken English. ?
Linda: If you feel too nervous to speak in public, you should go there.
Mary: 4. ______ D ? A E ?Linda: To go to the English corner is to give yourself a good chance to open your mouth to speak.
Mary: Maybe you are right. 5. ______
A. You know I’m poor at my English
B. I’ve got problems with my English. C ?C. I will go and try.
D. Oh, I’d rather not.
E. I’m afraid of making mistakes when facing people. 【听力原文】
Text 1
W: Have you seen the movie Hangover? We went to see it last night.
M: How was it like?
W: Jason thought it was extremely amusing. But I was a bit disappointed. Text 2
M: Susan, I heard you are going to France. How long will you be staying there?
W: A whole year. My aunt lives there. I’m going to do a one-month course at a language school, and spend the rest of the time traveling. Text 3
M: Let’s see, what drinks you’ve got for the party tonight?
W: Everything. Beer, wine, soft drinks like coke, 7-Up. You name it, I’ve got it. Have you order the cake?
M: Of course. Text 4
M: I don’t have a library card. Do I need one?
W: You have to have one only to take books out. You’re okay if you just sit in one of the rooms reading.
M: Well, then I’ll just read here. Thank you. 课件95张PPT。Unit 5 Languages around the World
Reading and Thinking Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. ______(本地的)speaker
2. the _______(态度)of the speaker?
3. writing ______(体系)?nativeattitudesystem4. main ______(因素)
5. be _____(以……为基础的)on?
6. the _______(象征)of peace?
7. a ______(多样化) of
8. seven ______(主要的)statesfactorbasedsymbolvarietymajor9. an important ______(方式)
10. the ______(典型的)works
11. the high ______(尊重)
12. Chinese _________(文字)
13. a ______(全球的)problemmeansclassicregardcharacterglobal14. discuss the _____(公共事务)
15. _________(欣赏)China’s culture
16. _______(具体的) informationaffairappreciatespecificⅡ. 选词填空
known for, at the beginning, of great importance,
ups and downs, varieties of, play a great role in,
date back, related to, refer to, according to
1. What does the italicised words _______ in the
sentence? ?refer to2. China is widely _________ its ancient civilisation. ?
3. _______________ written Chinese was a picture
based language. ?
4. The traditional handicraft(传统手工艺) can ____
_____ thousands of years ago. ?
5. That writing system was _________________. ?known forAt the beginningdatebackof great importance6. China _________________ global affairs. ?
7. ____________ the writer, the Chinese writing
system is an important part of Chinese culture. ?
8. Then look in the text for the words they are ______
__. ?plays a great role inAccording torelatedtoⅠ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What is the first written Chinese like?
A. It is a kind of picture painted on longgu.
B. It can date back to the Shang Dynasty.
C. It is a symbol carved on animal bones and shells.
D. It has a variety of dialects. 2. Which of the following is true except_________. ?
A. Written Chinese has a long history of more than
3, 600 years
B. Written Chinese has different forms before
C. Foreign people much like China’s culture and history now
D. The ancient symbol language can’t be seen in today ’s hanzi3. The passage expresses that China has continued its civilisation all the way because_________. ?
A. China plays a great role in global affairs
B. The Chinese writing system connects China’s present with its past C. The Chinese writing system can unite the Chinese people
D. Qin Shihuang made the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction
答案: 1~3. CDCⅢ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
(1)译文: 因为那是一个中国人被按照地理位置来划分区域
的时代, 所以历经数年后, 它发展成不同的形式, _______
_____________________。因此产生了很多种方言和文字(2)
译文: 对汉字书写体系的重视在汉字发展中就可以看
得出来, 它发展成为一门艺术, _____________________
_______________。成为中国文化的重要组成部分——书法根据课文完成短文
China is (1)______(wide) known for its ancient
civilisation, which can continue because of one of the
main (2) ______(factor)—Chinese writing system. (3)___
the beginning , written Chinese were symbols which
(4) ___________(carve) on animal bones and shells. BywidelyfactorsAtwere carvedthe Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-
developed writing system. At that time the Chinese
people were divided geographically. Many (5)________
(various)of dialects and characters appeared. By the
Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to
develop into one direction, which helped to unite thevarietiespeople and culture. Even today, no matter (6) ______
people live or what dialect they speak, they can still
communicate in (7)_______(write). Written Chinese
has become a means (8) ___ which China’s present is
connected with its past. And it has become an art
form— Chinese calligraphy. Today as China plays awherewritingby(9) _______ (great)role in global affairs, more and
more international students (10) ____________(begin)
to appreciate China’s culture and history by learning
Chinese. ?greaterare beginning【阅读微技巧】1. base vt. 以……为据点; 以……为基础n. 底部; 根据
*I base my hopes on the news I had yesterday.
我的希望是以我昨天得到的消息为根据的。*(2019·北京高考)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. 许多生意是通过电话进行的, 并且大部分是建立在信任和可持续的关系的基础上的。
*We judge a worker on the basis of his work.
我们根据工作表现评价工人。*The family is the basic unit of society.
家庭是社会的基本单位。【语块积累】
(1)base. . . on/upon. . . 把……建立在……基础之上
(2)based adj. 以(某事)为基础的; 以……为重要部分(或特征)的
be based on/upon 以……为基础; 依据……(3)basis n. 基础; 基本原则
on the basis of 以……为根据
(4)basic adj. 基本的; 基础的 【即学活用】语法填空
(1)We always base our idea ________ facts.
(2)The suggestion was made on the _____(base)of second-hand information. on/uponbasis(3)The right to work is a _____(base)right of the citizens. ?
(4) ______(base)on a lot of researches, his plan is very
practical. basicBased2. means n. 方式; 方法; 途径
*Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China ’s present is connected with its past.
汉语书面语也成为了连接中国过去和现在的重要工具。
*—Shall I ask him to come in?
我请他进来好吗? —By all means. 当然可以。
*The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
水可以用管子输送。
*This is by no means the first time you have been late.
这绝不是你第一次迟到了。【语块积累】
by this means 用这种方法
by all means 当然可以; 一定, 务必
by means of 用; 依靠; 借助于
by no means 绝不, 一点也不(放在句首时, 句子用部分倒装语序)【名师点津】单复数同形的means
means是单复数同形的名词, 它的单复数意义取决于它的修饰词。
*All means have been tried, but he still failed.
*Every means has been tried, but he still failed.
一切方法都试过了, 但他还是失败了。【知识延伸】动词mean的用法
(1)mean doing sth. “意味着”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。
(2)mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事”, 其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词, 其过去完成时表示“本来打算做某事”。(3)mean sb. to do sth. “打算让某人做某事”。
(4)What do / did you mean by. . . ? “你……是什么意思? ”
(5)be meant for“打算给予; 打算作……用”
*Being a student means studying hard.
作为一个学生, 意味着你要努力学习。*We mean to call on you tomorrow.
我们打算明天看望你。
*He had meant to leave on Sunday, but has stayed on.
他本来想星期天走的, 但又留了下来。
*I mean you to work as our spokesman.
我想请你当我们的代言人。*What do you mean by acting like this?
你这样做是什么意思?
*These rooms are meant for the children’s centre.
这些房间是打算用作儿童活动中心的。【即学活用】
(1)She is ___________ stupid. ?
她一点儿也不笨。
(2)I escaped ___________ a secret tunnel. ?
我通过一条秘密通道逃跑了。by no meansby means of(3)Try ___________ to save the dying. ?
一定要尽力抢救那个垂危的病人。
(4)Every possible means _____________. ?
一切可能的办法都试过了。 by all meanshas been tried3. regard n. 尊重; 关注 vt. 把……视为; 看待
*The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form. 词汇复现
对汉字书写体系的重视在汉字发展成为一种艺术形式的过程中可见一斑。*The teacher wishes to speak to you in regard to being late. 关于迟到的事, 老师希望同你谈谈。
*Please give my kind regards to your family.
请代我向你家人问好。
*He is regarded as the most promising player.
他被看成最有希望的球员。【语块积累】
give one’s regards to sb. 向……致意; 代……向……
问候
关于; 至于
regard. . . as. . . 把……看作是……【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Please give my kind _______(regard)to your family.
(2)I regarded him __ a dangerous person.
(3)I have nothing to say _______ regard to your question. regardsasin/with4. appreciate vt. 欣赏; 重视; 感激; 领会vi. 增值
*An increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinese culture and history. 越来越多的世界各国的学生开始欣赏中国的文化和历史。
*I do not appreciate fully what he means.
我完全不理解他的意思。*We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
我们将很感激再次收到你的信。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. 如果你能考虑我的申请, 我将不胜感激。*I didn’t realize that I had forgotten to express my appreciation to the boy until I got home.
直到回家, 我才意识到我忘了对那个男孩表达谢意。 【语块积累】
(1)appreciate+n. /pron. /v. -ing重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if . . . 假如……, 我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激 【熟词生义】
Houses in this area have all appreciated in value since
the new road was built. ( )
新路建好之后这一地区的房子都增值了。vi. 增值【即学活用】语法填空
(1)We appreciate your _______(help)us.
(2)I would appreciate __ if you would send me the postcard as soon as possible.
(3)Our house ______________(appreciate) by 50% in the last two years. ?helpingithas appreciated5. refer to谈到; 提及; 涉及
*Write the kind of information they refer to.
写出他们谈到的信息。
*Does your words refer to all of us?
你说的话是针对我们所有的人吗? *The regulations refer only to children.
这些规定只适用于儿童。
*I referred to my watch for the exact time.
我看了一下手表好知道准确时间。
*The children used to refer to that old teacher as Grandpa.
孩子们通常称那位老教师为爷爷。【导图理词】【即学活用】 根据语境猜测词义
(1)No one referred to the matter again. ( )
(2)When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t
referring to you. ( )
(3)The new law does not refer to land used for farming.
( )提及指的是有关; 适用于(4)If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word,
you may refer to the dictionary. ( )
(5)English is referred to as a universal language.
( )查阅把……称作是6. date back (to. . . ) 追溯到
*It dates back several thousand years to longgu.
它可以追溯到数千年前的龙骨。
*This castle dating back to Roman times lay in ruins.
这个可追溯到罗马时代的城堡成了废墟。*The Great Wall dates from the third century B. C.
万里长城建成于公元前三世纪。
*Much of the information in that book is now out of date.
那本书中的材料有许多现在已经过时。
*The car is a beauty and quite up to date.
那辆车子很漂亮, 是最新式的。【语块积累】
date from 追溯到; 始于
date back to 追溯到; 始于
up to date 时髦的
out of date 过时的【名师点津】date back to 三注意
date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态和被动语态。作后置定语时, 需用现在分词形式。【即学活用】单句语法填空
(1)The history of the town dates back __ the Middle
Ages.
(2)Our friendship _____(date)back to 1960. ?
(3)A lot of new words go ___ of date very quickly. todatesout(4)They are very ___ to date in their method of
language teaching.
(5)According to the expert, the vase has a history
______(date) back to the early Tang Dynasty. ?updating7. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. ?
即使在今天, 不论住在哪里, 也不论说何种方言, 中国人都能通过书写进行交流。【句式解构】
no matter where/when/who/what/how 是一个引导让步状语从句的连词结构, 意为: 无论在哪里/何时/是谁/什么/怎样……。可置于句首、句中、句尾。
*No matter what you do, you must be very careful.
不管做什么事, 你都必须非常细心。No matter who you are (=Whoever you are), I’ll never let you in.
无论你是谁, 我绝不让你进去。
*I’ll discuss it with you no matter when you like.
无论什么时候, 只要你喜欢, 我都将同你讨论这件事。【知识延伸】
(1)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever , however
也可引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter what/who/ which/whom。
(2)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever也可引导
名词性从句。*However far away(=No matter how far away) we are, we feel close to each other.
无论我们距离有多远, 我们都感觉彼此很亲近。
*We will never give up studying, whatever(=no matter what) happens.
无论发生什么事, 我们都不会放弃学习。*Whoever(=No matter who) is interested in making small inventions can join in it.
任何对小发明感兴趣的人都可以参加。【即学活用】
(1)I’ll post that letter ______________ Wilson says. ?
不管威尔逊说什么, 我都要寄出那封信。
(2) _______________ you like , you can take it away. ?
你喜欢哪个就拿走哪个。 no matter whatNo matter which(3) _____________ hot it is, he will not take off his coat. ?
无论多热, 他也不会脱掉外套。 No matter how【要点拾遗】
1. native adj. 出生地的; 本地的; 土著的n. 本地人
*French is not my native language. 法语不是我的母语。
*Banana is native to Taiwan. 香蕉是台湾的土产。
*The kangaroo is a native of Australia.
袋鼠是澳大利亚的土生动物。【语块积累】
a native of 生于……的人, 原产于……的动植物
be native to 原产于/原籍是……
native land 本国, 祖国
native language 母语【即学活用】
(1)He is __ ______ __ _______.
他是北京当地人。
(2)She ____ ______ __ Shanghai. ?
她原籍上海。
(3) ______________ is as pretty as a picture. ?
祖国河山美丽如画。anativeofBeijingwasnativetoOur native land2. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体; 异体; 多样化
*The Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
中国人被按照地理位置划分区域, 因此产生了各种方言和文字。词汇复现*There are a large variety of cars on sale in the market.
市场上有大量的各式各样的汽车出售。
*Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事, 各人意见不一。
*They often quarrel for various reasons.
他们经常因种种原因吵架。【语块积累】
(2)various adj. 不同的; 各种各样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
(3)vary vt. & vi. 改变; 变化
vary from. . . to. . . 从……到……不等;
在……到……之间变动【即学活用】语法填空
(1)There are _______ goods in the supermarket, and
the prices ____ from cents to dollars. The ______
attracts many customers. (variety)
(2)The research team is made up of the pupils, whose
ages vary from 10 __ 15. variousvaryvarietyto3. major adj. 主要的; 大的; 重要的n. 主修课程; 主修学生vi. 主修; 专门研究
*Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.
秦始皇把七个主要的国家联合成一个统一的国家。
*English is my major at university.
我大学学的专业是英语。*She majored in maths and physics at university.
她在大学里主修数学和物理。
*The majority of people prefer peace to war.
多数人要和平, 不要战争。
*He believes that his supporters are in the majority.
他相信支持他的人占多数。【语块积累】
(1)major in 主修……; 以……为专业
(2)majority n. 大多数; 大半
a/the majority of. . . 大多数……
in the/a majority 占多数 【即学活用】
(1)The car needs _____ _______. ?
这辆汽车需要大修。
(2)In college I ________ __ natural science. What was ____ ______? ?
上大学时我主修自然科学, 你当时学什么专业? major repairsmajoredinyour major(3)The ______ ____ __ ___ _____ was ruined by the earthquake. ?
这座城镇的大部分已被这次地震毁成一片废墟。
(4) ____ ________ __ students were in favour of the suggestion. ?
大多数学生赞同这个建议。 majorpartofthetownThemajorityof4. of great importance 很重要
*The writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这种书写方式在中华民族和文化方面的融合上起了至关重要的作用。*It is of importance that he is ready in mind to accept the future .
他在心理上已准备好接受未来这一点很重要。
*His better means of communication is of great help.
他的更好的交流方式很有帮助。【语块积累】
(1)be of +抽象名词 就等于这个名词的形容词
通常在 of 的前面会有形容词 great/little/much/a lot of 来表示程度。
(2)be of value=be valuable 很有价值, 值钱
be of much help=be very helpful 很有帮助
be of use=be useful 有用处 【即学活用】语法填空
(1)I have a matter __ importance to deal with.
(2)He has made an _________(importance)contribution
to the company’s success. ?
(3)These things are of ____(helpful)for my future life. ofimportanthelp5. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. ?
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色, 越来越多的世界各国的学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。【句式解构】
此句中as引导时间状语从句, 意为“随着……”, 强调两个动作同时发生; 或某事一发生, 另一事立即发生。
此外, as引导时间状语从句时, 还可译为: “当……的时候”, “一边……一边”。*The book explains how animals and plants develop as the environment changes.
这本书解释了随着环境的变化, 动植物是如何进化的。
*He shouted aloud as he ran along.
他一边往前跑, 一边高声地呼喊。
*He quickly got off the bus as the door opened.
车门一开, 他就快速跳下了车。【知识延伸】
1. 引导原因状语从句, 译为: “因为, 由于”, 与because的用法相近。
2. 引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句, 译为: “正如, (如)像”。
3. 引导让步状语从句, 常用倒装语序, 即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。译为: “虽然, 尽管”。4. as作关系代词。
(1)引导限制性定语从句, 用在“such. . . as”, “the same. . . as”, “as. . . as”等结构中, 常译作“像……一样的人(或物)”, “凡是……的人(或物)”。(2)引导非限制性定语从句, 用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句), 意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。
*I must stop writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do. 我必须停笔了, 因为我还有许多工作要做。(原因状语从句)
*When at Rome, do as Romans do.
入乡随俗。(方式状语从句) *Strange as it may seem, it is true.
尽管这事看上去可能很奇怪, 但却是真的。(让步状语从句)
*Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulties.
不管怎样努力, 汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。(让步状语从句)*He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。(定语从句)
*My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。(定语从句)*As is well known, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.
我们知道, 海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。(非限制性定语从句)【即学活用】
(1) ___ ___ _____ _____, he lost interest in everything except gardening. ?
他年纪越来越大, 除了喜欢园艺以外, 对一切都失去了兴趣。 Ashegrewolder(2)The students walked into the campus laughing
__ ____ ______. ?
同学们一边说着一边笑着走进了校园。astheytalked(3) ___ _ ______ _______, the bottle hit me on the head. ?
就在我转过身来的时候, 瓶子打中了我的头。 AsIturnedaround课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. Do you know how many billion(十亿) people speak the UN’s official languages as their native (本地的)or second language?
2. I think the system (系统)the man referred (提到)to at the meeting was very modern. What is your attitude (态度)towards it?
3. Despite (尽管)many ups and downs (兴衰), Chinese ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times.
4. The book follows four characters(人物), loosely based (以……为基础)on my uncles.
5. He carved (雕刻)a sunflower on the stone, which was regarded as a symbol (象征)of strength. ?
6. As we all know, in the Shang Dynasty, there were manyvarieties (多样化)of dialects (方言)and characters.
7. At university he majored (主修)in English. Then he became an English teacher, and found teaching was by no means (方法)an easy thing.
8. He was the most popular writer at the time and his works are still regarded (把……视为)as classics (经典作品)now .
9. He believes it is an important factor(因素), which leads to global (全球的)warming.
10. He gave us a few specific(具体的)examples to appreciate(领会), and asked us to follow them dealing with the affair(事件).
完成句子
1. There are a lot of ups and downs(起起伏伏)in life. ?
2. His advice was of great importance(很重要)to our plan. ?
3. There are a variety of/varieties of(各种各样)books to choose from. ?
4. The UN would play a major role in(起主要作用)keeping the world peaceful . ?
5. It can date back to(追溯到)the 5th century BCE. ?
6. As such, the first writing was based on(基于……)the way people talk, with short sentences. ?
7. I always refer to(查阅)a dictionary when I come upon a new word. ?
8. Thoughts are expressed by means of(通过)words. ?
9. There are a number of(许多)ants on the ground. ?
10. No matter where(无论哪里)you go, I’ll go with you. ?
Ⅱ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 汤姆想学习汉语, 就去了老师提到过的一个俱乐部, 在那里他遇到了很多学习汉语的人。(refer to; many varieties of )
2. 他们通过读、写、交流来相互学习。(by means of )
3. 他们都认为汉字是很神奇的文字。( regard. . . as)
4. 他们还通过这种神奇的语言来了解中国的历史和文化。(appreciate Chinese history and culture)
Tom wants to learn Chinese . He went to a club referred to by his teacher, where he met many varieties of people learning Chinese. They learned from each other by means of reading, writing and talking. All of them regarded the Chinese characters as amazing words. They also appreciate Chinese history and culture through the amazing language. ?
The topic: To set up an English corner.
pros:
It’s a good idea.
Make us open our mouths to practise oral English.
Improve our listening, reading and writing skills.
Learn how to communicate with foreign people.
Cons:
Waste our spare time.
Easy to play together.
Should only improve our reading skills to get high marks.
No chance to communicate with foreign people at present.
What do you think of this thing? Why?
Your opinion: I approve of setting up an English corner. ?
The reason: In modern society, learning English well is good for communication. We can read and write well. But we can’t communicate with others or express ourselves clearly in English. Because many of us can’t open our mouths to speak English in public. What’s more, if we can fluently speak English, our listening skill will be improved. Thus, our grades will go higher than before. ?
课时素养评价 十六
Unit 5 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. His company earns billions (billion)of dollars each year.
2. People in government also need foresight to keep systems (system)running smoothly.
3. Beach stone tablet tea has a long history, dating (date)back 1, 300 years.
4. The floor is made up of the bricks carved (carve)with calligraphy. ?
5. There are many varieties (variety)of roses in his garden.
6. He majored (major)in finance at Claremont Men’s College in California ten years ago.
7. The teacher regarded (regard )this behaviour as lack of attention in class. ?
8. The cartoon characters (character)are still popular with children.
9. We do not fight global (globe)warming because it is futile to do so.
10. They encourage others by appreciation (appreciate) and praise.
Ⅱ. 选择合适的短语填空
ups and downs, of great importance, based on,
a number of, date back to, refer to, varieties of,
by means of, regarded as, according to
1. It’s of great importance to study English well. ?
2. The company has undergone many ups and downs. ?
3. Varieties of books are being sold at this bookshop. ?
4. What time can the marathon date back to? ?
5. This novel is based on historical facts. ?
6. I was not referring to her when I said so. ?
7. A number of students are planting trees on the hill. ?
8. The teacher explained the question by means of an example. ?
9. He was later regarded as a sea god by the people in Fujian and Taiwan. ?
10. They both played the game according to the rules. ?
完成句子
1. Sorry, we are late. But we had meant to be early. ?
对不起, 我们迟到了, 但是我们本来是想早来的。
2. I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. ?
假如你用现金支付的话, 我会不胜感激。
3. A number of people have written articles on this topic. ?
已经有许多人就这一话题写了文章。
4. No matter where you go, you can see that computers have an effect on people’s lives. ?
不管你走到哪里, 你都会看到电脑给人类生活带来的影响。
5. As the fighting continued this morning, another policeman was injured. ?
随着今天早上冲突的继续, 又有一名警员受伤了。
阅读理解
A
I’m a strong believer that learning different languages makes you look incredibly good when you’re in a foreign country and can understand and speak the language. The list below is 4 apps that will help you learn a foreign language! You can download them for free.
Babbel —Learn Languages
Babbel is an excellent language tool to help you progress step by step with learning a new language. It helps you learn grammar along the way as you work your way through the tasks and assignments. You need to pay a monthly subscription(订购款), but this will still be cheaper than taking physical lessons with a tutor!
Duolingo: Learn Languages Free
The app has many languages to choose from and will work through the basics all the way to advanced words and sentences. It’s all completely
free too! It’s incredibly well designed, looks great and will help you learn, remember and progress with just a little bit of time every day.
Tandem: Language Exchange
Rather than have you work through tasks and memorize different things, the app lets you match with people who share your interests but speak the language you want to learn. You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people who want to learn your native language, and in return you learn theirs, all by simply communicating with each other. It’s a great way to learn with only $1 a day.
Learn English— busuu
This app is perfect if you want to learn English. There are all sorts of audio and visual learning aids. You’ll find yourself working through interactive tests and learning tools for vocabulary and dialogue.
【文章大意】本文为应用文。主要向人们推荐语言学习应用程序, 它们可以免费下载。
1. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To sell apps to language learners.
B. To introduce language learning apps.
C. To teach language learners to use apps.
D. To teach languages through apps.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“The list below is 4 apps that will help you learn a foreign language! You can download them for free. ” 本句意为“下面列出的4个应用程序将帮助你学习一门外语! 你可以免费下载它们。”可知, 本文的目的是向人们推荐语言学习应用程序。
2. Which app suits best if you want to learn through communication?
A. Babbel-Learn Languages
B. Tandem: Language Exchange
C. Duolingo: Learn Languages Free
D. Learn English-busuu
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据“Tandem: Language Exchange中的“You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people who want to learn your native language, and in return you learn theirs, all by simply communicating with each other. ”可知如果你想通过交流来学习语言, Tandem: Language Exchange最合适。
3. What is Duolingo different from the other three apps?
A. It is completely free to use.
B. It is specially for English learning.
C. It is unsuitable for beginners.
D. It is the most effective(有效的)app.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Duolingo: Learn Languages Free中的“The app has many languages to choose from and will work through the basics all the way to advanced words and sentences. It’s all completely free too! ”可知, Duolingo与其他三个apps相比, 它是完全免费的。
4. What do the apps have in common?
A. They cover all languages.
B. They focus on grammar.
C. They contain many tests.
D. They are free to download.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“You can download them for free”可知这些应用程序的共同点是可“免费下载”。
B
Email has brought the art of letter writing back to life, but some experts think the resulting spread of bad English does more harm than good.
Email is a form of communication that is changing, for the worse, the way we write and use language, say some communication researchers. It is also changing the way we interact(交流) and build relationship. These are a few of the recently recognized features of email, say experts, which should cause individuals and organizations to rethink the way they use email.
“Email has increased the spread of careless writing habits, ” says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics(语言学) at an American university. She says the poor spelling, grammar, punctuation and sentence structure of emails reflect(反映) a growing unconcern about the way we write.
Baron argues that we shouldn’t forgive and forget the poor writing often shown in email. “The more we use email and its tasteless writing, the more it becomes the normal way of writing, ” the professor says.
Others say that despite its poor writing, email has finished what several generations of English teachers couldn’t: it has made writing fashionable again.
“Email is a critical new communication technology. ” says Ian Lancashire, a professor of English at Toronto University. “It fills the gap between spoken language and the formal methods of writing that existed before email. It is the purest form of written speech. ”
Lancashire says email has the mysterious ability to get people who are usually scared by writing to get their thoughts flowing easily onto a blank screen. He says this is because of email’s close similarity to speech. “It’s like a circle of four or five people around a campfire, ” he says.
Still, he accepts that this new-found freedom to express themselves often gets people into trouble. Emails sent in a day almost exceed(超过) the number of letters mailed in a year. But more people are recognizing the content of a typical email message is not often exact.
【文章大意】本文介绍了电子邮件使写信这种古老而传统的沟通方式又恢复了生机, 但用电子邮件写信也带来了一些新的问题, 专家们对此也有不同的看法。本文就此陈述了这些不同的观点。
5. From what Baron says in the third paragraph we can see that_________. ?
A. careless people use email more than careful people
B. email requires people to change their native language
C. professors in universities don’t need to use email
D. people communicate by email full of mistakes
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句She says the poor spelling, grammar, punctuation and sentence structure of emails reflect a growing unconcern about the way we write. 可知email里拼写、语法、标点、句子结构等反映出对写作方式的不关心, 所以会有很多错误。
6. What does the underlined word “it”(in Paragraph 4) refer to?
A. The poor writing.
B. Email.
C. The good writing.
D. A new communication technology.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The more we use email and its tasteless writing, the more it becomes the normal way of writing, ”可知it指the poor writing。
7. In Lancashire’s opinion, email is a wonderful technology because _________. ?
A. it can be useful all over the world
B. it is the fastest way to communicate
C. we can express ourselves in a free way
D. we can save a lot of paper
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Still, he accepts that this new-found freedom to express themselves. . . 可以看出Lancashire的观点, 他认为电子邮件可以使人自由地表达思想和情感, 类似于口头语言。
8. This passage mainly shows us that _________. ?
A. people should stop using email to communicate
B. experts hold different opinions about email writing
C. Americans only use email to communicate
D. email makes people lose interest in English
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段及第五段等处可以归纳出: 本文阐述了对电子邮件的不同观点。
阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In English, we have a saying that goes, “Use it or lose it. ” It means that if you do not continue to use a skill, you might lose the ability to do so.
We can say this about language learning, including learning new words. 1 ?
Our reader Banin has a question today. Here is the question: how can I improve my vocabulary?
It is a great question! The answer will help many English learners. Here are four things you can do.
Read, read, read
Read a lot! Look for new stories, websites, magazines and books on subjects that you enjoy. While reading, try to guess the meanings of new words from their context. 2 If there are television shows or films that you love in English, watch them with English subtitles to learn new words and hear how we say them. ?
Write about it
But, don’t just read. Write! A great way to practice what you read is to write about it. 3 Another thing you can write about is what you did today. If you spent time with a friend or family member, went to an event, had a delicious meal or did something else, write about it! ?
Learn word forms
4 When you learn a new word, learn its other forms. For example, the word “sleepy” is an adjective. But it has noun, verb and adverb forms. You can make a word form chart in a notebook or wireless device and write a sentence example for each form. ?
5 ?
Another powerful memory tool is word association: use your imagination to create mental images linked to new words. For example, when I say “tasty”, what food image do you see in your mind? Keep that food image in your mind and always mentally connect it to the word “tasty”. Then, the next time you try to remember the word “tasty”, the mental image will appear.
A. Use word families.
B. Use word association.
C. Here’s another great technique.
D. If you do not use the new words often, you might forget them.
E. Then, you can check the meanings in a paper dictionary or online.
F. For example, if you read a web story about the best fitness apps of 2019, write about it.
G. Writing can be a great way of properly learning the kind of vocabulary you need to describe your own life and interests.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。作者就如何提高词汇量提出了几点有效的方法。
1. 【解析】选D。根据上句“We can say this about language learning, including learning new words”可知, 这也适用于语言学习, 包括学习新单词。是对上文“Use it or lose it. ”在学习新单词中的具体解释。故D选项“如果你不经常使用这些新单词, 你可能会忘记它们。”符合题意。
2. 【解析】选E。根据上句“While reading, try to guess the meanings of new words from their context”可知, 阅读时, 试着从上下文中猜测生词的含义。既然是猜测的含义, 就存在着错或者对, 所以小题2处解释通过某种手段来核对含义是错还是对。故E选项“然后, 你可以在纸质词典或在线上核对它们的意思”符合题意。
3. 【解析】选F。根据下句“Another thing you can write about is what you did today. If you spent time with a friend or family member, went to an event, had a delicious meal or did something else, write about it”可知, 你可以写的另一件事是你今天所做的。“如果你和朋友或家人一起度过一段时间, 去参加一个活动, 吃一顿美味的饭, 或者做点别的事情, 就写下来。所以我们判断出小题3也应该是写的某个事情的具体内容。
4. 【解析】选C。根据下句“When you learn a new word, learn its other forms. ”可知, 当你学习一个新词时, 学习它的其他形式。所以小题4是为了介绍“当你学习一个新词时, 学习它的其他形式”。C选项“这是其他的好的技巧”符合题意。
5. 【解析】选B。根据下句“Another powerful memory tool is word association. . . the mental image will appear. ”可知, 另一个强大的记忆工具是单词联想……脑中的形象会出现。整个段落都在讲如何进行单词联想。空处为本段的小标题。B选项“使用单词联想”符合题意。
课件109张PPT。Unit 5 Languages around the World
Reading for Writing【文本研读】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 快速浏览文章
1. What is the main topic about this part?
______________________________________?The biggest problems with learning English.2. Match the problem with each person
①Liu Wen A. vocabulary
②Jia Xin B. listening
③Li Rui C. how to be polite in English
答案: ①—B ②—C ③—AⅡ. 文本细节理解: 关注特色表达
1. What’s the problem of Liu Wen?
A. He can’t get high marks all the time.
B. He can’t get the main idea of native speakers.
C. He has been having problems in listening since primary school.
D. He doesn’t listen to English radio programmes. 2. What can we learn from the words of Jia Xin?
A. She seldom watches videos with English speakers.
B. She usually repeats the radio programmes to
compare her pronunciation with the English host’s.
C. She finds it hard to deal with how to be polite while
speaking English.
D. She believes that what words to use while speaking
English depends on who you’re talking to. 3. Which of the following might Li Rui agree with?
A. We can’t just say like“close the door” to anyone.
B. You must make your request or demand when talking to your parents.
C. It’s difficult to keep a large number of words in mind quickly.
D. Remembering the usage of words isn’t as important as remembering the words themselves.
答案: 1~3. BCAⅢ. 文本梳理【写作指导】
【文体剖析】
建议信是高考常考作文形式之一。作者就有关的问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的建议或忠告。写信时要写明写信的原因、建议的内容。提出建议的理由以及包括对对方的鼓励等。提出的理由要合情合理, 语气一定要委婉和缓。【话题词汇】
1. native speaker说母语的人
2. experience the feeling of language体会语感
3. catch/get the main idea抓住大意
4. record your own voice录下自己的声音5. get used to speaking Chinese习惯说汉语
6. join sb. in speaking Chinese和某人一起说汉语
7. listen to radio programmes 听收音机节目
8. have a talk with sb. in Chinese 用汉语跟某人交谈
9. have trouble in doing sth. /with sth. 在某方面有困难【话题句式】
1. My biggest problem is how to use the idioms in a proper context.
我最大的难题是不知道怎么在合适的语境中使用习语。2. I have trouble in making sentences with Chinese words.
我在用汉语词汇造句方面有困难。3. It is helpful for you to write down the new Chinese words.
写新汉字对你很有帮助。
4. In my opinion, you should watch Chinese TV programmes to improve your listening and speaking.
在我看来, 你应该看汉语电视节目来提高你的听说水平。5. My advice is to talk with Chinese people around you.
我的建议是和你周围的中国人交谈。
6. I believe that if you follow my advice, you will make rapid progress in your Chinese study.
我相信, 如果你听从我的建议, 你会在汉语学习方面取得很快的进步。【典题演练】
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友 Mike 给你写了一封电子邮件, 说他现在汉语不够好, 不知如何提高。请你给他回复一封电子邮件, 提一些学好汉语的建议。内容包括:
1. 邮件已经收到;
2. 建议课内外多说、多看、多听汉语;
3. 建议同学之间进行汉字听写比赛等。
注意: 词数不少于 100。【谋篇】
【遣词】
1. feel at a loss_____________
2. to begin with_____
3. 多花时间练习________________________?
4. 练习听说___________________________?感觉无所适从首先spend more time practicingpractice listening and speaking5. as often as possible_____________
6. a couple of_____
7. 电视连续剧_________?
8. 参加一些活动___________________?
9. 对……有益_____________?尽可能经常地一些TV seriesjoin in some activitiesbe beneficial to【造句】
1. 完成句子
(1)我知道了你感觉无所适从。
________________________________
(2)你不知道怎么学好汉语。
______________________________________I have known that you feel at a loss. ?You don’t know how to learn Chinese well. ?(3)我建议你应该尽可能经常地多花时间练习汉语听说。
______________________________________________
____________________________________________?
(4)我认为你可以尝试多参加一些活动。
________________________________________ I suggest that you should spend more time practicinglistening and speaking Chinese as often as possible.I think you may try to join in some activities. ?(5)这会对你有益处。
____________________It is beneficial to you. ?2. 句式升级
(6)用现在分词作状语合并(1)(2)句
___________________________________________
________________________
(7)用非限制性定语从句合并(4)(5)句
____________________________________________
__________________I have known that you feel at a loss, not knowinghow to learn Chinese well. ?I think you may try to join in some activities, whichis beneficial to you. ?【成篇】
Dear Mike,
I have known that you feel at a loss, not knowing how to learn Chinese well. Here are some tips on how to learn Chinese well. To begin with, I suggest that you should spend more time practicing listening and speaking Chinese as often as possible. Then I think it is very useful to watch a couple of Chinese films or TV series every week . Thirdly, I think you may try to join in some activities, which is beneficial to you. I am sure if you practice a lot you can master it. I wish you great success and rapid progress in learning Chinese.
Yours,
Li Hua1. struggle n. &vt. 斗争; 奋斗; 拼搏
*It was a struggle. 这是一场斗争。
*What is the use of trying to struggle against the system? 词汇复现
力图反对这种制度有什么用? *In the old days people had to struggle for our daily bread.
在旧社会人们得为糊口而挣扎。
*All his life he has been struggling with illness.
他一生都在与疾病作斗争。【语块积累】
struggle against为反对……而斗争
struggle for为……而斗争
struggle with与……打架, 与……斗争【即学活用】
(1)The swimmer _______________ the tide. ?
游泳者逆流而上。
(2)We should help those who are still ____________
rights. ?
我们应当帮助那些仍然为权利而斗争的人。struggled againststruggling for(3)The shopkeeper _____________ the thief. ?
店主与小偷搏斗。 struggled with2. equal n. 同等的人; 相等物adj. 相同的; 同样的
*He has no equal in music.
他在音乐方面没有对手。
*Such stupidity is without equal in the entire history of human relations.
如此愚蠢的行为在整个人际关系史上找不出第二个。*Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.
玛丽和比尔的智力不相上下。
*This is equal to saying that he is not a fool.
这样就等于说他不是傻子。
*The two boys are equally clever.
这两个男孩同样地聪明。【语块积累】
(1)without equal独一无二
equal in在……方面等同
be equal to (doing) sth. 与……相等; 等于
(2)unequal adj. 不相等的; 不胜任的; 不适合的
n. 地位不等的人 (3)equality n. 平等, 同等
(4)equally adv. 相等地; 平等地【熟词生义】
Bill is quite equal to running the office. ( )
比尔完全能够胜任管理这个部门的工作。adj. 能胜任的【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He is not your equal __ running.
(2)As a great dancer, her performance is _______
equal.
(3)I don’t feel equal to _____(do)the work. inwithoutdoing(4)He taught for 20 years and treated every student
_______(equal).
(5)In some countries black people do not have _______ (equal)with white people. equallyequality3. demand n. 要求; 需求vt. 强烈要求; 需要vi. 查询
*I must make it a question, not a demand.
我必须让它成为一个问题, 而不是要求。
*Soft drinks are much in demand in this hot weather.
这么热的天气, 软饮料的需求量很大。*The government has built many parks to meet/satisfy people’s demands.
政府已经修建了很多公园来满足人们的需要。
*My father came down and demanded to know what was going on.
我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。
*The teacher demanded that the students (should) be on time to every class. 这位老师要求学生们准时到校。【语块积累】
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that . . . (should) do sth. 要求……做某事【熟词生义】
I had never had the courage to demand the truth.
我从来没有勇气去询问实情。( )vt. 查询【名师点津】
(1)demand后面不能接to do 作宾语补足语, 即不能说demand sb. to do sth.
(2)动词demand之后的宾语从句, 以及名词demand之后的名词性从句, 都要用虚拟语气should+动词原形, should可以省略。【知识延伸】
除demand之外, 后接宾语从句中用虚拟语气的动词:
advise, suggest, desire, order, require, request等。
*He advised that she not get up so late.
他劝她不要那么晚起床。*He suggested that we (should) come another day.
他建议我们改天来。
*She desires that it should not be mentioned for the present. 她希望暂时不要再提及此事了。【即学活用】
(1)He ________________ the truth. ?
他要求知道事情的真相。
(2)The teacher _____________________there at once. ?
老师要求约翰马上去那里。demands to knowdemanded that John go(3)This dictionary is _______________. ?
这种字典销路很好。
(4)I did my best to ________________. ?
我尽最大努力满足他的要求。
(5)It is our demand __________ there. ?
她到那里去是我们的要求。 in great demandmeet his demandsthat she go4. point of view 观点; 看法
*I could see the world from a different point of view.
我能以不同的角度看世界。
*I’m in a hurry, so come to the point.
请开门见山吧, 我很忙。*The case you take is not in point.
你所说的那个事例不切合当前的主题。
*He received low marks for his essay as much of it was off the point.
他的作文得的分数很低, 是由于大部分内容不切正题。*I’m on the point of leaving when Tom came in.
我正要离开, 这时汤姆进来了。【导图理词】【即学活用】用合适的介词填空
(1)When Mary broke her bracelet, she was __ the
point of tears. ?
(2)They asked the old man to come __ the point.
(3)Just as we thought we were getting the best way of
the problem, he flew _________ the point. attooff/beside(4)I was ___ the point of going to bed when you rang.
(5)Give two instances __ point; that will be enough. onin5. The more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. 我对一门语言学得越多, 我的智力就增长得越快。?【句式解构】
“the+比较级(. . . ), the+比较级(. . . )”表示“越……, 就越……”。
*The higher you stand, the farther you will see.
你站得越高就看得越远。*The more you know, the more you will realize how little you know.
知道得越多, 你越会体会到自己知道得有限。【即学活用】句式仿写
(1)他越是这样想, 就越是不开心。
_________ he thought like this, ________________ he
became. ?
(2)一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。
_________ a person reads, ________he will become. ?The morethe more unhappyThe morethe wiser(3)你对孩子说得越多, 他们听进去的就越少。
_________you talk to the children, _______they will listen. ? The morethe less6. But now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. ?
但是现在我在听力方面有很多困难。【句式解构】
本句为简单句。have trouble with sth. 是固定句式, 意为“做某事有困难/麻烦”。
*With his telephone number in hand, I had no trouble in getting in touch with him .
手里有他的电话号码, 我毫不费力地联系到他了。*Even an experienced climber may get into trouble.
哪怕是个有经验的登山者也可能陷入困境。
*He was in trouble with the police over drugs.
他因毒品的事落入警方手中。【语块积累】
have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦
take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
ask for trouble 自找麻烦; 自讨苦吃
get into trouble 陷入困境; 惹麻烦【名师点津】
“做某事有困难/麻烦”还可以有另外的表达方式:
(1)have difficulty /a problem/problems with sth.
(2)have difficulty /a problem/problems in doing sth. 【即学活用】
(1)He told me that he was ____________________
_____________________________. ?
他告诉我他在学英语方面有困难。 世纪金榜导学号
(2)If you do that, you might _________________. ?
如果你那样做, 你就会使她陷入困境。having trouble with hisEnglish study/in learning Englishget her into trouble(3)Don’t imagine that you are the only person _________. ?
别想着就你一个人有麻烦事。
(4)We must thank you for _______________________ us
a meal. ?
我们必须谢谢你费力为我们做饭。 in troubletaking the trouble to make(5)If you play with dangerous chemicals like that,
you’re just ________________. ?
如果你这样摆弄危险的化学品, 你简直是在自讨苦吃。asking for trouble【要点拾遗】
1. tongue n. 舌头; 语言
*The words felt strange on my tongue.
这些单词从我嘴里读出来感觉很奇怪。*Her name was on the tip of my tongue, but for the life of me I couldn’t recall it. 她的名字就在我的嘴边上, 可是我无论如何也想不起来了。
*I bit the tongue when they asked.
他们问时, 我保持着缄默。*The naughty boy lost his tongue before the headmaster.
这顽皮的孩子在校长面前就不敢出声了。【语块积累】
mother tongue母语
on the tip of one’s tongue 在某人的嘴边上, 某人差一点就能想起
bite one’s tongue保持缄默
lose one’s tongue说不出话来; 噤不能言【即学活用】
(1)The man was so rude that I had to _____________. ?
那人如此无礼, 我只好默不作声。bite my tongue(2)The stranger’s question surprised me so that I
_____________. ?
那陌生人的询问使我大吃一惊, 一时之间连话都说
不出来了。lost my tongue(3)The words were ____________________, but I couldn’t say them. ?
那些单词就在我的嘴边上, 我却没能说出来。on the tip of my tongue2. used to 过去常常; 曾经
*I used to get high marks in English.
曾经我的英语得分很高。
*I used to go swimming on Saturdays but now I don’t.
我过去常在星期六去游泳, 可现在我不去了。*Mushroom can also be used to make food.
蘑菇也可食用。
*I am used to going to school by bike now.
我现在习惯了骑自行车去上学。【语块积累】
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
be/get used to (doing )sth. 习惯于做某事【名师点津】
be/get used to句式中to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。【知识延伸】常见的含有介词to的短语还有:
be devoted to. . . 致力于……
get down to着手做……
lead to导致【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He ____(use)not to like fish, but now he does.
(2)He is used __ the soft climate of the south. ?
(3)Computers can be used _____(do)a lot of work
now. ?
(4)He got used to _____(live)in the country. usedtoto doliving3. relate to 与……有关; 涉及; 谈到
*Does each sentence relate to the main idea?
每一个句子都和主旨大意有关吗?
*I am not related to him in any way.
我和他无任何关系。*We are interested only in what relates to ourselves.
我们只关心与我们有关的事。
*It is difficult to relate his argument to the facts.
很难把他的论证同事实联系起来。【语块积累】
be related to 与……有关
relate. . . to. . . 将……与……联系起来【即学活用】
(1)His remarks didn’t _____ __ ___ _____ under
discussion. ?
他说的话与讨论的问题无关。
(2)We must _____ these principles __ our everyday
work.
我们必须把这些原则和我们的日常工作联系起来。relatetothetopicrelateto(3)The lawyer read all the papers _______ __ ___ ____. ?
律师阅读了与该案有关的全部文件。 relatingtothecase4. Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. ?
听英语广播节目帮助我适应以英语为母语的人的快语速。【句式解构】
本句为简单句, 动名词短语作主语。
*Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
*Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。【名师点津】
动名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。【知识延伸】
动名词作主语时, 常用It作形式主语, 构成下列句式:
“It is no use doing . . . ”做……是毫无用处的
“It is no good doing. . . ”做……是无益处的
“It is fun doing. . . ”做……是很有趣的
“It is a waste of time. . . ”做……是浪费时间的【即学活用】
(1) ______________ is a test of nerve and skill. ?
攀岩是对勇气和技巧的考验。
(2) ________________________ about that with him. ?
跟他谈那事是浪费时间。Climbing a rockIt is a waste of time talking(3)It is _______________ so much. ?
吸那么多烟是毫无益处的。 no good smoking5. take on 接受……的挑战
I decided to take on a new language.
我决定挑战一门新的语言。
Our school has taken on a new look recently.
我们学校最近面目一新。Is he willing to take on the duty?
他愿意承担责任吗?
Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.
我们厂下个月将再雇用20多名工人。【导图理词】【即学活用】根据语境猜测词义
(1)The city took on a festive air. ( )
(2)I’ll take the work on, but I can’t tell you exactly
when I’ll finish it. ( )
(3)No more workers are being taken on at present.
( )呈现承担雇用(4)We knew their football team was bigger and
stronger, but we took them on anyway and beat
them. ( )挑战【导语】 本文节选自英国作家C. S. 刘易斯的作品《纳尼亚传奇: 能言马与男孩》, 向往自由, 对未知世界充满好奇是男孩沙斯塔的天性。How Shasta Set out on His Travels
In those days, far south in Calormen on a little
creek of the sea, there lived a poor fisherman called
Arsheesh, and with him there lived a boy who called
him father. The boy’s name was Shasta. On most days
Arsheesh went out in his boat to fish in the morning, and in the afternoon he harnessed his donkey to a cart
and loaded the cart with fish and went a mile or so
southward to the village to sell it. If it had sold well he
would come home in a moderately good temper and
say nothing to Shasta, but if it had sold badly he
would find fault with him and perhaps beat him. There was always something to find fault with for Shasta had plenty of work to do, mending and washing the nets, cooking the supper, and cleaning the cottage in which they both lived. Shasta was not at all interested in anything that
lay south of his home because he had once or twice
been to the village with Arsheesh and he knew that
there was nothing very interesting there. In the village
he only met other men who were just like his father—
men with long, dirty robes, and wooden shoes turnedup at the toe, and turbans on their heads, and beards,
talking to one another very slowly about things that
sounded dull. But he was very interested in everything
that lay to the North because no one ever went that
way and he was never allowed to go there himself.
When he was sitting out of doors mending the nets, and all alone, he would often look eagerly to the North. One could see nothing but a grassy slope running up to a level ridge and beyond that the sky with perhaps a few birds in it. Sometimes if Arsheesh was there Shasta would
say, “O my Father, what is there beyond that hill? ”
And then if the fisherman was in a bad temper he
would box Shasta’s ears and tell him to attend to his
work. Or if he was in a peaceable mood he would say,
“O my son, do not allow your mind to be distractedby idle questions. For one of the poets has said, ‘Application to business is the root of prosperity, but those who ask questions that do not concern them are steering the ship of folly towards the rock of indigence’. ” Shasta thought that beyond the hill there must be some delightful secret which his father wished to hide from him. In reality, however, the fisherman talked like this because he didn’t know what lay to the North. Neither did he care. He had a very practical mind. 课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出单词
1. They should therefore unite to struggle (奋斗)together.
2. The tongue(舌头)is one of the organs for pronunciation.
3. His writing has improved greatly in this semester(学期).
4. The new subway(地铁) is now being built.
5. He has an apartment(公寓套房) in downtown Manhattan.
6. Men and women have equal (平等的)rights in China.
7. The gate was locked but we went through a gap(开口) in the wall.
8. They demanded (要求)the right to hold public meetings.
9. The basic vocabulary (词汇)of a language is those words that must be learnt. ?
10. He is very good at the description(描写) about the characters of different figures in his book.
Ⅱ. 用合适的介词填空
1. I was on the point of leaving when you called.
2. I will have to get used to the life of the school dormitory.
3. He said he had trouble with his listening. ?
4. All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
5. Tom doesn’t like to talk with whoever is not close to him.
6. He is senior to me, though he is younger.
7. He asked me some questions relating to the subject.
8. He does not know how many people in this city aside from the Wangs.
9. She takes on extra work on Sundays.
10. I fell in love with him at the first sight.
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假定你是李华, 近日美国友好交流校发来一封邮件, 希望你校捐赠一批传统文化书籍, 请你以学生会主席的名义代表学校回一封邮件, 要点如下:
1. 自我介绍;
2. 捐赠图书的具体信息;
3. 询问对方的收件地址和联系信息。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 学生会主席 Chairman of the Student Union
Dear John,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John,
I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union of our school. I am writing this letter on behalf of our school. We are more than glad to donate to your school some books on Chinese traditional culture.
After discussion, we plan to donate about a hundred books, whose topics vary from Chinese ancient philosophy, Chinese traditional painting to Chinese classical literature.
We plan to wrap them in a big parcel and post to your school. So I hope you can offer me the accurate address of your school as well as the name of the person in charge of receiving the parcel.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
课时素养评价 十八
Unit 5 Reading for Writing
Ⅰ. 选词填空
1. We should help those who are still struggling(struggled/struggling)for liberation.
2. Great tongues(tongue/tongues)of flame shot up here and there.
3. Luckily, there are only two semesters(semester/semesters) a year.
4. The brochure(小册子) offers a wide choice of hotels, apartments (apartments/apartment) and holiday homes.
5. He put on a pair of short pants(pants/pant) and an undershirt.
6. They needed his help, but equally(equally/equal)they did not trust him.
7. There’s been a big age and experience gap(gaps/gap).
8. It is demanded(demanded/demanding)that all the people leave the building at once.
9. His vocabulary(vocabulary/vocabularies) was sound and his grammar was excellent.
10. Her description(description/describe)of the nature is very clear.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The workers have been struggling against bad conditions for too long. ?
很久以来, 工人们就在为反对恶劣的工作条件而进行斗争。
2. Soft drinks are much in demand in this hot weather. ?
这么热的天气, 软饮料的需求量很大。
3. They have expressed their point of view on the question. ?
他们表达了对这个问题的观点。
4. He gave a description of what he had seen. ?
他描述了他所见到的一切。
5. I used to get up early and take an hour’s walk before breakfast. ?
我过去常常很早起床并且在早餐前散步一小时。
6. After a month of training, he became equal to the work as a driver. ?
经过一个月的训练, 他能胜任驾驶员的工作了。
7. The new tax law does not relate to land used for farming. ?
新的税收法不涉及农业用地。
8. Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. ?
伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
9. His writing took on a very peculiar style. ?
他的作品体现了一种非常独特的风格。
10. Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. ?
除了有趣与得到很好的锻炼外, 游泳还是个很有用的技能。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
A student is learning to speak British English. He wonders: Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? Learners of English often ask: What are the differences between British and American English? How important are these differences?
Certainly! there are some differences between British and American English. There are a few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen? ”. Americans say “in the hospital”and “Do you have a pen? ”. Pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans usually sound theirs in words like “bird” and “hurt”. Speakers of British English do not sound theirs in these words. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour” and “honour” are British, “color” and “honor” are American.
These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary are not important, however. For the most part, British and American English are the same language.
【文章大意】文章讲述了美国英语和英国英语之间的差别主要在四个方面, 并说明了它们属于同一种语言, 这两国人在相互理解方面没有困难。
1. According to this passage, a student who is learning to speak American English might be afraid that_________. ?
A. British people cannot understand him
B. American people cannot understand him
C. the grammar is too hard for him
D. the spelling is too hard for him
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“He wonders: Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? ”说明学英国英语的人会担心美国人能否听懂, 而学美国英语的人也担心英国人是否能听懂。
2. American English and British English are different in_________. ?
A. spelling B. pronunciation
C. grammar D. all of the above
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段“There are a few differences in grammar. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. Pronunciation is sometimes different. ”这三句说明美国英语和英国英语在语法, 拼写, 词汇和发音方面都有差异。
3. Most _________say “Do you have a watch? ”. ?
A. British people B. Americans
C. children D. teachers
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Americans say ‘in the hospital’ and ‘Do you have a pen? ’”说明“Do you have a watch? ”是讲美国英语的人所说。故选B。
4. According to this passage, British people and Americans have _________difficulty in understanding each other. ?
A. little B. much C. some D. great
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For the most part, British and American English are the same language. ”说明这是一种语言, 那么这两国人在理解对方的语言方面应当没有困难。
B
In America, when the eighth graders leave the middle school, they are often worried about moving to the high school. It is a hard time for them, but it can be an exciting one as well. To make it easier, students need to get familiar with their school.
Even though they’ve done this already in the middle school, it’s still important to find where their classrooms are. Most schools take students to the high school for a visit at the end of their eighth grade year. And, most schools also have a freshman (新生) speech for parents and students before the first year begins. Sometimes the main office will give away a map of the school. This can help students and parents to find different places in the school.
One way to know your high school more and make new friends is to join a club or play a sport. Schools often offer chances to join different clubs and sports. Fall activities begin in August before the first day of school. If you are not interested in sports, there are clubs for any interest, such as drama, dance, chess, photography, community service, etc. These clubs allow students from different grades. By joining an activity, students can find new friendships, not to mention improving their chances in future college applications (申请). The school office will have a list of activities offered at the school and information on how to join them.
What’s more, to have a great start to a high school year, students can write down some of their worries, and ask for help from teachers and school workers.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。在美国, 当八年级的学生离开初中时, 他们非常担心进入高中, 文章介绍了让高中新生尽快适应高中生活的几点建议。
5. According to the text, most students feel_________ when entering the high school. ?
A. excited B. nervous
C. lonely D. disappointed
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In America, when the eighth graders leave the middle school, they are often worried about moving to the high school. ”可知, 在美国, 当八年级的学生离开初中时, 他们非常担心进入高中。
6. Which of the following is TRUE about the school clubs?
A. There are fewer students from higher grades in the school clubs.
B. The school clubs in high school only welcome sports fans.
C. Summer activities begin before school starts.
D. The school office can help new students join school clubs.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中第一句“One way to know your high school more and make new friends is to join a club or play a sport. Schools often offer chances to join different clubs and sports. ”可知, 学校为学生提供参加俱乐部和体育活动的机会来结识新朋友。
7. When do many schools take students to visit their new high school?
A. Before the eighth grade year starts.
B. Right after the high school year starts.
C. At the end of their eighth grade year.
D. At the beginning of the new term in the high school.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Most schools take students to the high school for a visit at the end of their eighth grade year. ”可知, 大多数学校让学生在八年级末参观高中。
8. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To tell the new students how to learn in high school.
B. To introduce new schools.
C. To give the teachers some advice.
D. To give advice to new high school students.
【解析】选D。写作意图题。根据文章内容, 特别是最后一段“What’s more, to have a great start to a high school year, students can write down some of their worries, and ask for help from teachers and school workers. ”可知, 为了在高中能有一个良好的开端, 高中新生可以向老师和学校工作人员寻求帮助。由此可知, 这篇文章的目的是向高中新生提供建议。
Ⅱ. 应用文写作
假如你是李华, 正在给你的美国朋友Jack写一封信, 推荐他使用微信软件(WeChat)。内容要点包括:
1. 微信是由中国人研发的一款软件(software), 现在在国内非常受欢迎;
2. 它有很多实用的功能, 例如: 可以发送文字、图片、视频(video)等;
3. 人们可以通过微信了解新闻、学习课外知识;
4. 它可以帮助你们了解彼此生活中发生的事, 更方便交流思想、分享心情。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Dear Jack,
How are you going? I would like to recommend a software called WeChat to you. ________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
How are you going? I would like to recommend a software called WeChat to you. It is invented by Chinese and quite popular in China now. Having a lot of practical functions, it can send texts, pictures, videos and so on. In this way, it is convenient to know how we are getting along and what happened to each other. Besides, we can know the latest news and learn various knowledge that is out of our textbooks through WeChat as well.
With its help, however far we are from each other, we can exchange thoughts and share feelings as soon as possible. Isn’t it a wise choice for us to communicate through it?
Looking forward to meeting you on WeChat!
Yours,
Li Hua
课件2张PPT。Unit 5
Languages around the World