Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．核心单词
①stage n. 阶段；时期
②boil vt. 煮；煮沸
③ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的
2．拓展单词
①expand vi.膨胀→contract vi.收缩(反义词)
②mixture n．混合物→mix vt.混合
③electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电气化的
④conclusion n．结论→conclude v．下结论
⑤aim n．目标；目的vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.没有目标的；漫无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
⑥equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；配备
⑦react vi.(化学)反应→reaction n．反应
“扩展”动词全接触
①expand 扩展；膨胀
②enlarge 扩大
③spread 扩展；蔓延
④prolong 延长
⑤extend 延伸；延续
后缀-sion高频名词集锦
①admission 承认；允许进入
②impression 印象
③conclusion 结论
④confusion 困惑；混淆
⑤permission 允许；许可
⑥decision 决定
3．阅读单词
①liquid n． 液体
②contract vi. 收缩
③substance n. 物质
④oxygen n. 氧气
⑤partial adj. 部分的；局部的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be different from 与……不同
2．make sure 确信
3．think of 记起，想起；考虑
4．react with 与……发生反应
5．put... in order 把……按顺序排列
6．at the top 在顶部
7．at the bottom of 在……底部
8．add... to... 把……加在……
9．keep... out of 把……挡在外面
order相关短语大全
①put ... in order 把……按顺序排列
②in order 按顺序；井然有序
③in good order 秩序井然
④in order of 按……顺序
⑤out of order 有毛病；出故障
“位置”短语集锦
①at the top/bottom of...
在……的顶/底部
②at the foot of 在……脚下
③in (the) front of 在……前面(部)
④on the left/right 在左/右边
⑤in the middle 在中间
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Two-thirds_of the earth's surface is water.
地球表面的三分之二是水。
2．It_is_hard_to_think_of a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
3．Here_is_a_table with the metals that react most at the top and the metals that react least at the bottom.
这里有一个表格。金属反应强的在上面，弱的在底部。
篇章理解
速读文章并选出最佳答案
1．Which of the following metals reacts most with water?
A. Copper. B. Iron.
C. Aluminium. D. Sodium.
答案：D
2．According to Passage A which of the following reacts most easily when it is heated in oxygen?
A. Aluminium. B. Iron.
C. Steel. D. Copper.
答案：A
3．We can know from the experiment ________.
A. how iron rusts with oil
B. iron is quite easy to rust
C. how we can prevent iron from rusting
D. how iron reacts with all the other substances
答案：C
4．If some clean iron nails are kept in a wet place for a week the nails will ________.
A. rust B. not rust
C. form an oxide D. keep the place dry
答案：A
5．This passage mainly talks about ________.
A. all kinds of metals
B. what kind of metal reacts most
C. the different reactions of metals
D. how metals react
答案：C
难句分析
1．When we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example water and oxygen.
[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。when we use metals为时间状语从句，其他部分为主句；主句中it为形式主语，to know how they react with different substances for example water and oxygen为to do不定式短语作真正的主语。
[尝试翻译]当我们使用金属的时候，知道它们和不同物质的反应是很重要的，例如水和氧气。
2．It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.
[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。主语为it；shows为谓语动词，us为间接宾语，how iron reacts with air and with water为直接宾语。
[尝试翻译]它向我们演示了铁是如何跟空气和水反应的。
知识点详解——重点词汇、短语
1．conclusion n．结论
【语境领悟】
*I found the conclusion of his book very interesting.
我发现他的书的结尾非常有意思。
*At last he made a conclusion about what we could do to keep healthy.
最后他就我们做什么才能保持健康下了结论。
*I drew the conclusion that he had been lying.我得出结论他是在说谎。
【归纳拓展】
(1)make a conclusion 下结论
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后，总之
jump to a conclusion 贸然断定
(2)conclude vt. 下结论；推断；结束
【经典例句】
In conclusion our president concluded his speech with a humorous story.
最后，我们的主席以一个幽默的故事结束了他的演讲。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①The man drew the conclusion (conclude) with the convincing evidence and presented it at the conference.
②After several years of study，the research group have arrived at the conclusion that language acquisition (语言习得) is faster when students are exposed to the situation where the language is spoken.
③Learning foreign languages calls for your memory，time，patience and emotion.In conclusion，it is not a simple thing.
2．aim n．目标；目的 vi.对准目标，瞄准
【语境领悟】
*My aim is to become a policeman when I graduate from middle school.
＝I aim to become a policeman when I graduate from middle school.
我打算中学毕业以后当警察。
*We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们旨在质量而不是数量。
*I didn't mean to hit your car. I was aiming at that tree.
我不是故意打你的车。我瞄准的是那棵树。
【归纳拓展】
(1)with the aim of 目的是
without aim 无目的地
(2)aim at 瞄准(sth.); 目的在于(sth./doing sth.)；针对(sb.)
aim to do sth. 打算或旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的
【经典例句】
①We aim to be there around six.我们力争六点左右到那儿。
②These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①The project was set up with the aim of helping the disabled.
②At first，he lived an aimless (aim) life.Then one day，he realized that he should set up an organization aimed at helping people to be aware of the importance of environmental protection.
③After the smart hunter found the aim in the distance，he took aim at it immediately.
④The top universities aim to_choose (choose)the most intelligent students.
⑤Friends and families can encourage kids to pick a small goal to aim at，remind them to go for it，and be there when they might feel discouraged.
漫画助记
He is aiming to break the 100 metres world record.他志在打破世界百米纪录。
3.equipment n．设备；装置
【语境领悟】 Different metals have different uses for example steel is used in cars and iron is used in electrical equipment.
不同的金属有着不同的用途。例如，钢用于车辆，铁用于电气设备。
【考点释义】
【词汇拓展】
equip vt. 装备；配备
equipped adj. 装备齐全的；做好准备的
【短语拓展】
equip ... with ... 用……装备……
equip ... for ... 为……做好准备
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人准备好做某事
be equipped for 装备好；为……做好准备
be equipped with 有……的配置/装备
【经典例句】
①We should make better use of the existing equipment.
我们应该更好地利用现有设备。
②He is equipped with much experience in teaching.
他具有丰富的教学经验。
③They are well equipped for a new task.
他们对新任务有充分的准备。
即学即练 ?
1.单句语法填空
①Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes was_sent(send) to the disaster area after the earthquake broke out.
②The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.
2．单句改错
In addition to their simple beauty what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”a house without using electric equipments.
equipments→equipment
4．react vi.(化学)反应
【语境领悟】
The management reacted to the demand of workers by increasing their wages since April.
管理者对工人的要求作出反应，答应从四月份起增加工资。
【归纳拓展】
(1)react to 作出反应，回应
react against 反对，反抗
react with (指物质)与……起化学反应
react on/upon sth. 对某事物有影响，对某事物产生变化
(2)reaction n. 反应，回应(to)
【巧学助记】
We all wanted to see her reaction about this matter but she didn't react at all.
我们都想看看她对此事的反应，但她对此毫无反应。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents' reaction (react) will be to my poor examination result.
②Everyone makes mistakes，but the real test is how you react to that.
③I'm sure that praise can react on/upon the employees.
④Children tend to react against their parents by going against their parents' wishes.
⑤Anger is not necessarily the most useful or acceptable reaction to such events.
5.put... in order把……按顺序排列
【语境领悟】
*The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.
(不同的)金属和这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。
*It was time she put her life in order.
到了她该好好安排自己生活的时候了。
【归纳拓展】
in order to 为了……
out of order 无序的
in order of 按……顺序
keep order 维持秩序
即学即练 ?
用order的相关短语完成句子
①房间里所有的东西都杂乱无序，可她很快就将它们收拾得井井有条了。
All the things in the room were out_of_order，but she quickly put them in_order.
②按时间顺序排列这些事件。
Arrange all the events in_order_of_time.
③她早早到场，好找个好位置。
She arrived early in_order_to get a good seat.
6.add... to... 往……加入……；把……和……相加
【语境领悟】
*Add some oil to the water.
往水里加点油。
*The bad weather only added to our difficulties.
这种坏天气只增加了我们的困难。
*Add up your scores and see how many points you get.
加加你的分数，看你得了多少分。
*These numbers add up to 100.
这些数目合计为100。
*After a short while he added that he would try his best.
过了一小会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。
【归纳拓展】
add to sth. 增加某事物
add up sth. 把某物加起来
add up to 总计；共达(＝come to)
add that... 附加说……
即学即练 ?
用add及其相关短语的适当形式填空
①The president said it was not easy to manage a company adding that the financial crisis added_to the difficulties.However，the dormitories for the workers must be_added and they would add a toilet to each room.Last week he added_up all the expenses and the total added_up_to more than 100 000 dollars.
②It's too late to go to see the basketball match now. In addition，it's going to rain.
漫画助记
Please add some salt to the food.
请在食物上加点盐。
7.keep out of 防止……入内；不让……靠近……；避免麻烦
【语境领悟】
*This will keep air out of the water.
这可以防止空气进入水中。
*Keep these animals out of the fields.
别让这些动物进庄稼地里去。
*You'd better keep out of these things.
你最好别卷入这些事。
【归纳拓展】
keep (sb.) away (from sth.) 使(某人)离开(某物)
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep up with 跟上，不落在后面
即学即练 ?
单句写作
他努力学习为了赶上他的同学们。
He is studying hard to_keep_up_with_his_classmates.
漫画助记
Parents should keep their kids away from dangerous objects like lighters.父母应该让孩子们远离像打火机这样的危险物品。
知识点详解——重点句型
1．It_is_hard_to_think_of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
【句式分析】
该句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为其后的动词不定式，即to think of a world without metals。
【经典例句】
①It's important for us to master a foreign language.
对我们来说掌握一门外语是重要的。
②It's careless of you to make so many mistakes in this exam.
在这次考试中你出了这么多错真是太粗心了。
【名师点津】 介词不同意不同
(1)It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.(其中这类形容词常见的有：easy important difficult hard possible impossible necessary等)
(2)It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.在句中作表语的形容词是对sb.及其行为的评价，这类形容词有：kind nice good honest careful careless clever wise stupid foolish rude polite impolite等。
即学即练 ?
完成句子
①It was_unfair_to judge her by her clothes.
根据她的穿着来判断她是不公平的。
②We all think it_is_not_necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.
我们都认为你告诉她那个坏消息没必要。
③Isn't it_rude_of him to talk to his mother like that?
他那样和他母亲说话是不是太粗鲁了？
2.Below_is a description of a simple scientific experiment.
下面是对一个简单的科学实验的描述。
【句式分析】
该句式为完全倒装，其正常语序应为：A description of a simple scientific experiment is below.
【经典例句】
①In came the teacher.老师进来了。
②There goes the bell.铃响了。
③Up went the arrow into the air.
箭嗖地一下飞到了空中。
④At the top of the hill stands a weather station.
山顶上有一个气象站。
【归纳拓展】 完全倒装小结
(1)在There be句型中，谓语是be lie live exist等表状态的不及物动词时，此句中的真正主语是其后的名词。
(2)用于副词(here there now then in out up down away over off等)开头的句子。
(3)表地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的谓语动词是be lie sit stand等词时，为保持句子结构的平衡，用完全倒装。
(4)完全倒装的句子主语必须是名词，若是代词，则不能倒装。
【经典例句】
①There he goes.他走了。
②Behind the counter she stood.她站在柜台后。
即学即练 ?
1.句型转换(改为倒装句)
①A seat is for you here Wang Lin.
Here_is_a_seat_for_you _Wang_Lin.
②An old man with a white beard (胡须) came in.
In_came_an_old_man_with_a_white_beard.
2．完成句子
①听到这个好消息，这个男孩儿从椅子上跳了起来。
Hearing the good news，up jumped_the_boy from his chair.(jump)
②铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。
Out rushed_the_children when the bell rang.(rush)
Passage A
It is hard to think of① a world without metals. 【1】 Different metals have different uses②， for example steel is used in cars and iron is used in electrical③ equipment④. When we use metals it is important to know how they react⑤ with different substances⑥ 【2】， for example water and oxygen⑦. The reaction⑧ of metals with these substances can be put in order⑨. Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top 【3】， and the metals that react least at the bottom.
【1】本句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是to think of...。
【2】When引导时间状语从句，主句是it is important to know...，主句中it是形式主语，动词不定式短语to know...是真正的主语；主句中包含一个how引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
【3】that react most...是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the metals that在从句中作主语。
Metal
Heated in oxygen
Reaction with
water or steam
Potassium
Burns to form⑩
an oxide?*
Reacting with
cold water
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Reacting
with steam
ALuminium
Zinc
Iron
Reacts slowly
Partial reaction
Copper
Partial? reaction
No reaction
*an oxide＝another substance＋oxygen
Passage B
A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment. 【4】 It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water. 【5】
【4】本句是完全倒装句；正常语序为A description of... experiment is below，主语为A description is below是系表结构。
【5】本句中It是主语，shows是谓语动词，us及how引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语。
Aim?：To find out if iron rusts? 【6】 (a) in dry air; (b) in water that has no air in it (air-free water); (c) in ordinary? water.
【6】动词不定式短语中的if iron rusts是if引导的宾语从句，if意为“是否……”。
Apparatus：3 clean iron nails; test tubes; test tube holder; cotton wool; oil; Bunsen burner.
Iron in dry air
Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.
(2)Push some cotton wool down? the tube.
(3)Leave? the tube for one week.
Result
After one week the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion?
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air-free water
Method
(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil? the water for three minutes. (This makes sure there is no air in the water.【7】)
【7】there is...是省略了that的宾语从句，作make sure的宾语。
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.
(4)Add some oil to? the water. This will keep air out of the water.
(5)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air-free water.
Iron in ordinary water
Method
(1)Half-fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails.
(2)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water.
[词语积累]
①think of想象到
②use n．功能，用途。常作可数名词。
③electrical/?'lektr?kl/adj.
与电有关的；用电的
④equipment/?'kw?pm?nt/n.设备；装备。为不可数名词。
be equipped with...配/装备有……
⑤react/ri'?kt/vi. (化学)反应
react with对……起化学反应
react to对……作出反应；回应
⑥substance/'s?bst?ns/n.
物质
⑦oxygen/'?ks?d??n/n.氧气
⑧reaction/ri'?k?n/n.反应
reaction to对……的反应
⑨put... in order 把……按顺序排列
⑩form/f??m/vi.形式；n.形式；表格
in the form of...以……的形式
?oxide/'?ksa?d/n.氧化物
?partial/'pɑ??l/adj.部分的；局部的
?aim/e?m/n.目标；目的 v．目的是，旨在；瞄准
with the aim of... 以……为目标
aim to do/at doing sth.力争做到某事
aim at sth.瞄准某物
be aimed at doing sth.旨在做某事
?rust/r?st/vi.生诱
?ordinary/'??dn?ri/adj.普通的；平常的
?down prep.沿着，顺着
?leave vt.让……处于(某状态、某地等)
leave＋宾语＋adj.使……处于某种状态
?conclusion/k?n'klu??n/n.结论
in conclusion总之；最后
? boil/b??l/vt.煮；煮沸
boiling water正在沸腾的水
boiled water已经烧开的水
?add... to...往……加入……
keep... out of使……不进入，把……关在外面
keep... away from... 使……远离……
kep sb./sth. off使……不接近某人/某物
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
防止钢铁生锈的几种方法：1.保持钢铁制品表面的洁净和干燥；2.在钢铁制品表面覆盖保护层，如涂矿物质油、刷油漆、搪瓷、镀不易生锈的金属让其表面形成一层致密而稳定的氧化膜；3.在炼钢时，加入铬、镍等金属制成不锈钢，增加钢的抗生锈能力。
短文A
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢被用在汽车上，铁被用在电器上。使用金属时，要了解金属和不同的物质如何发生反应，这一点很重要，比如水和氧气。(不同的)金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。这里有一个表格，反应最强烈的金属在上面，反应最微弱的在下面。
金属
在氧气
中加热
与水或水
蒸气的反应
钾
燃烧形成
氧化物*
与冷水反应
钠
钙
镁
与水蒸气反应
铝
锌
铁
反应慢
部分反应
铜
部分反应
没反应
*氧化物＝另一种物质＋氧气
短文B
一个简单的科学实验
下面是对一个简单的科学实验的描述。它向我们展示了铁是如何与空气和水发生反应的。
目的：弄清楚(在下列情况中)铁是否会生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在没有空气的水中(无空气的水)；(c)在普通的水中。
仪器：3个干净的铁钉；试管；试管夹；脱脂棉；油；本生灯。
铁在干燥的空气中
方法
(1)在试管底部放几个铁钉。
(2)把一些脱脂棉塞进试管。
(3)将试管放置一个星期。
结果
一周后，钉子没有生锈。
结论
铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。
铁在没有空气的水中
方法
(1)给一个试管加一半水。
(2)煮水三分钟。(这样做可以确保水中没有空气)。
(3)在水中放两个或三个干净的钉子。
(4)在水中加些油。这样做可防止空气进入水。
(5)将试管放置一个星期。
结果
钉子在装有不含空气的水的试管中不生锈。
结论
铁在没有空气的水中不生锈。
铁在普通的水中
方法
(1)给一个试管加一半水并放进去两个或三个干净的钉子。
(2)将试管放置一个星期。
结果
钉子在装有普通的水的试管中会生锈。
结论
铁在普通的水中会生锈。
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空
1．A liquid (液体) flows freely and has no fixed shape.
2．Objects expand when heated and contract when cooled.
3．Ice and snow are different forms of the same substance(物质) water.
4．Love is a mixture of honey and bitterness.
5．Oxygen(氧) is one of the basic elements of substance.
6．How to use electricity safely has become general knowledge in our village.
7．Their research work has stepped into a new stage (阶段)．
8．No final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter.
9．Their reaction (反应) to the joke is to laugh.
10．He told his children to stay away from dangerous electrical things.
11．In the new factory all the equipment (设备) is up to date.
12．How did he react to your suggestion?
13．He only offered a partical (不完全的) explanation for his lateness.
14．The soup is nearly cold. I'll boil it up again for you.
15．The life of ordinary(普通的) citizens began to change.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用本部分的短语填空
1．没有人知道这种风俗什么时候开始有的。
No one knows when such a custom first came into_existence.
2．这个小公司已经发展成了一个跨国公司。
The small company has been expanded_into a multinational corporation.
3．油和水不能混合。
Oil will not mix_with water.
4．我的事情应该由我自己决定，因为我跟你们一样，我也是人。
I should make my own decisions. I'm a person the same_as the rest of you.
5．我们得想个法子解决这个问题。
We'll have to think_of a way to solve the problem.
6．医生观察那名儿童对该药物的反应如何。
The doctor observed the child to see how he would react_to the medicine.
7．你的书和杂志简直是乱七八糟，去把它们整理一下。
Your books and magazines are almost in a mess; go and put them in_order.
8．把您自己的姓名与现在的住址写在申请表下面。
Put your own name and present address at the bottom of the application form.
9．分钟加起来就是小时，小时加起来就是天。
Minutes add up to hours and hours add up_to days.
10．她试图跑进自己的房间，躲开他们的打斗。
She tried to run into her room to keep out_of their fight.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different metals have different uses. When we use metals 1.it is important to know how they react 2.with different substances. By doing some simple experiments we can achieve the 3.following (follow) aims. Firstly put them in order according to the reaction. Secondly find 4.out if iron rusts in dry air in air-free water and in ordinary water. In order 5.to_achieve (achieve) the second aim we need different pieces of 6.equipment(equip). 7.Having_made (make) full preparations we can go to the different stages of the experiment. During each stage relative methods should 8.be_used (use). After that we will get different results and make the conclusions 9.that iron does not rust in dry air and in air-free water 10.but it rusts in ordinary water.
课件85张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading
Section Ⅱ Grammar——倍数表达法与形容词/副词的比较级
1．形容词/副词的原级比较
【语境领悟】
*English is as useful as Chinese for us.
对我们来说，英语和汉语一样有用。
*He is not as tall as his roommate.
他不如他的室友高。
*He runs as fast as his elder brother.
他跑得和他哥哥一样快。
*He is as kind a person as his father.
他和他父亲一样都是善良的人。
【知识归纳】
形容词/副词原级比较表示两者程度相同，常用句型为：
(1)A＋谓语＋as＋形容词/副词＋as B A和B一样……
(2)A＋谓语＋not as/so＋形容词/副词＋as B
A不如B……
(3)A＋谓语＋as＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋as B A和B一样是……样的人/物
2．形容词/副词的比较级
【语境领悟】
*This apple is sweeter than that one.这个苹果比那个甜。
*They worked harder than ever before.他们比以往工作更努力。
【知识归纳】
形容词/副词比较级常用句型：
(1)A＋谓语＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B，表示“A比B更……”。
(2)A＋谓语＋not＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B，表示“A不如B……”。
[考情分析]
形容词和副词的比较等级是英语中常见的考点之一，考题常见于语法填空及书面表达中。
[即时训练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Asia is four times as large as Europe.
2．He does his homework more and more carefully.
3．The more_careful (careful) you are the fewer mistakes you will make.
4．Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
5．His house is twice larger (large) than mine.
6．This orange is a little bigger (big) than that apple but much smaller (small) than that watermelon.
7.Now the air in New Delhi is rather worse (bad) than it was before.
Ⅱ.同义句转换，每空一词
1．He doesn't speak English better than me.
He doesn't speak English as/so well as me.
2．He is the youngest in his class.
①He is younger than any other student in his class.
②He is younger than any of the other students in his class.
3．He is not diligent. I am not diligent either.
He is no more diligent than I am.
4．I have never read a more interesting novel.
It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
5．You have five books. And so do I.
I have as many books as you do.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这个房间不如那个大。
This room is not_as/so_big as that one.
2．这个房间的面积是那间的两倍。
This room is twice the_size_of that one.
3．这个女孩越来越漂亮了。
The girl is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.
4．你越早看医生越好。
The_earlier you see a doctor the_better it is.
5．他是这两个男孩儿中比较聪明的那一个。
He is the_cleverer_of the two boys.
6．在这两本词典中，这本更有用。
This dictionary is the_more_useful_of the two.
7．她唱得多好啊！这是我听到的最好的嗓音。
How beautifully she sings! I've never heard a_better_voice.
8．他是学习最用功的学生。
He works harder than_any_other_student.
9．这所房子不如那所贵。
This house is less_expensive_than that one.
10．这所房子和那所一样不贵。
This house is no_more_expensive_than that one.
3.修饰形容词/副词比较级的副词(短语)
【语境领悟】
*The experiment was much easier than we had expected.
这个实验比我们预想的简单得多。
*Is he feeling any better now?
他现在感觉稍好一点吗？
【知识归纳】
双方比较表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，通常可以加副词(短语)来修饰比较级，常见的副词(短语)有：much even still rather any no far a little a bit a lot a great deal等。
【深化点拨】
(1)在比较级中，所列出的比较对象应该是平行关系，具有可比性，不同类事物之间不具有可比性。
*我的电脑比她的贵。
误：My computer is more expensive than her.
正：My computer is more expensive than hers.
分析：从逻辑上说，应该是my computer与her computer作比较，而不是my computer与her比较。句中的hers＝her computer。
(2)为了简洁起见，可以用that代替前面出现的不可数名词或者可数名词单数，those代替可数名词复数。
*上海的人口比北京的人口多。
误：The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
分析：从逻辑上说，应该是上海人口和北京人口作比较，而不是上海人口和北京这座城市比较。
4．比较级的几个特殊句型
【语境领悟】
*When winter is coming it gets colder and colder.
冬天来了，天越来越冷了。
*He became less and less satisfied with the football team's performance.
他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。
*The busier he is the happier he feels.
他越忙就越高兴。
*The sooner the better.
越快越好。
*This watch is the cheaper of the two.
这块手表是两块中比较便宜的。
*It is pretty good today. You couldn't hope for a nicer day at this time of this year.
今天天气真不错。你不能指望今年的这个时间有比这更好的一天了。
【知识归纳】
(1)比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越……
(2)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……越……
(3)the＋比较级＋of＋the two 两者中比较……的
【深化点拨】
用比较级形式表达最高级含义的几种情况。
(1)否定词(not no never等)在比较句型中使用时，表示最高级含义。
*I have never heard a more interesting story.
我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。
*I can't agree with you more.
我再同意你不过了(我非常同意你)。
*No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
新建的旅馆是最豪华的。
(2)在比较状语中用any other else等词时，比较级形式表示最高级含义。
*Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
汤姆最喜欢钱。
*Bill is taller than any other student in their class.
比尔是他们班里个子最高的学生。(比尔属于他们班)
*China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何国家都大。( 中国不属于非洲)
(3)“no＋比较级＋than”与“not＋比较级＋than”的区别：
no＋比较级＋than
“和……一样不……”，表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可由neither... nor... 结构来改写)
not＋比较级＋than
表示在程度上前者不如后者(相当于not so/as... as...)
*I'm no more foolish than you.
我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you are foolish.)
*This book is not more interesting than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。(相当于This book is less interesting than that one.或This book is not so interesting as that one.)
5．倍数表达法
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
*Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
*His house is twice larger than mine.
他的房子比我的大两倍。
(3)倍数＋the＋名词(height size length depth width etc.)＋of
*This rope is half the length of that one.
这根绳子是那根的一半长。
(4)倍数＋that＋of＋被比较对象
*The area of the sea is about two and one half times that of the land.
海洋的面积约为陆地的两倍半。
(5)倍数＋what从句
*The price is now three times what it was ten years ago.
目前的价格是十年前的三倍。
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Bob is younger (young) than Fred but taller (tall) than Fred.
2．This orange is a little bigger (big) than that apple but much smaller (small) than that watermelon.
3．Which is more_beautiful (beautiful) the black coat or the blue one?
4．Now the air in Beijing is rather worse (bad) than it was before.
5．Your classroom is wider (wide) and brighter (bright) than ours.
6．The young man drives much more_carefully (careful) than he did three months ago.
7．Nowadays (现在) English is more_important (important) than any other subject.
8．The higher you climb the colder (cold) it will be.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The_more you talked the_less attention he paid to.
你讲得越多，他就越不注意听。
2．You did far_better than Tom.
你做得远比汤姆好。
3．The new city is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.
这座新城市变得越来越漂亮了。
4．This bridge is 10_meters_longer than that one.
这座桥比那座桥长10米。
5．The_taller of the two boys is my little brother.
两个男孩中个子高一点的那个是我弟弟。
6．This question is not_more_difficult_than that one.
这个问题并不比那个问题难。
7．Henry is as_good_a_worker_as Peter.
亨利和彼得一样是个好工人。
8．The weather here is warmer_than_that of Shanghai.
这儿的天气比上海暖和。
9．August is much hotter than_any_other_month in China.
在中国8月比任何其他月份都热。
10．There are six_times_as_many_students as we expected.
学生数量是我们预期的6倍。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
Raw or Boiled Egg?
Surprise your friends and family with an easy science experiment that __1__ (answer) a difficult question. Two eggs look and feel the same but there is __2__ big difference：one is raw and the __3__ is hard boiled.Find out which is which with this fun experiment.
What you'll need：
Two eggs，one hard __4__ (boil) and one raw. Make sure the hard boiled egg has been in the fridge long enough to be the same temperature as the raw egg.
Instructions：
Spin the eggs and watch what happens; one egg should spin while the other wobbles.
You can also __5__ (light) touch each of the eggs while they are spinning; one should stop __6__(quick) while the other keeps __7__ (move) after you have touched it.
What's happening?
The raw egg's centre of gravity __8__ (change) as the white and yolk (蛋黄) move around inside the shell __9__ (cause) the swinging motion. Even after you touch the shell it continues moving. This is __10__ of inertia (惯性). Inertia causes the raw egg to spin even after you have touched it. This compares with the solid white and yolk of the hard boiled egg. It responds much quicker if you touch it.
1．答案与解析：answers 关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词experiment，从上下文可知用一般现在时，故填answers。
2．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。不定冠词表泛指，big以辅音音素开头，故用a。
3．答案与解析：other 考查代词。one ... the other一个……另一个……。
4．答案与解析：boiled 考查过去分词作定语。egg与boil为被动关系。用过去分词。
5．答案与解析：lightly touch为实义动词，用副词修饰，lightly轻轻地。
6．答案与解析：quickly 考查副词。stop为实义动词，用副词修饰。
7．答案与解析：moving 考查固定用法。keep doing sth.继续做某事。
8．答案与解析：changes 考查时态。生鸡蛋的重心随着蛋清和蛋黄的运动而改变。说的是一个科学事实，用一般现在时。
9．答案与解析：causing 考查现在分词。现在分词作状语，表结果。
10．答案与解析：because 考查固定短语。because of因为。
课件33张PPT。Section Ⅱ Grammar——
倍数表达法与形容词/副词的比较级
Section Ⅲ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．核心单词
①float vi. 漂浮
②form vi. 形成
③department n. (大学的)科、系
④balance n. 天平
⑤boil vt. 煮；煮沸
2．拓展单词
astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的→astonish vt.使吃惊→astonishment n．惊奇
3．阅读单词
①rust vi. 生锈
②steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
③dissolve vi. 溶解；分解；分离
④flame n. 火焰
⑤facility n. (常作复数)设备；工具
名词和动词同形
① book n． 书?v.预订
②bear n. 熊?v.忍受
③form n. 形式；表格?v.形成
④hand n. 手?v.递给
⑤tie n. 领带?v.系
⑥water n. 水?浇水
⑦balance n. 平衡?vt.权衡
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．go ahead 用吧，来吧，干吧，说吧
2．used to_do sth. 过去常常做某事
3．make discoveries 有所发现，作出发现
4．in the area of science 在科学领域
5．be proud of 为……感到骄傲/自豪
6．be supposed to do 应当；理应
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It_is_your_turn!
轮到你了！
2．In_the_last_twenty_years _seven Canadian scientists have_won the Nobel Prize!
在过去的20年中，7位加拿大科学家获得了诺贝尔奖！
3．I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University...
我打算上蒙特利尔或者渥太华大学……
ahead 词语小结
ahead of time 提前
ahead of schedule 提前
ahead of one's time(s) 思想比同时代的人超前
look ahead 向前看
get ahead 取得进步
知识点详解——重点词汇、短语
1．form vt. & vi.形成，养成；组成
【语境领悟】
*I didn't see enough of the play to form an opinion about it.
我对这部戏剧了解得不够，说不出什么意见。
*The little boy formed the habit of getting up early.
那个小男孩养成了早起的习惯。
*Heavy rain contains more water volume in the form of large drops.
大雨中含有的多数水分以大雨滴的形态出现。
【归纳拓展】
(1)form the habit of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯
(2)form n． 外形；形式；表格 in the form of 以……形式
fill in/out the form 填写表格 in good form 状态良好
即学即练 ?
完成句子
①As long as you form_the_habit_of (养成……的习惯)learning English every day and have perseverance (毅力) you will conquer English sooner or later.
②Help in_the_form_of (以……的形式)providing teaching equipment is practical.
漫画助记
Her hat was formed from feathers and cloth.
她的帽子是羽毛和布做的。
2.balance n．天平，平衡
【语境领悟】
*If you want to be a top student you are supposed to try to keep a balance between work and rest.
如果你想成为一名尖子生，你应该尽量做到劳逸结合。
*He lost his balance and fell down.
他失去平衡摔倒了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)keep a balance (between ... and ...) 保持(……与……之间的)平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
out of balance 不平衡
(2)balance vt. 使平衡 vi. 保持平衡
balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B
【经典例句】
①He balanced a football on his head.
他将一只足球稳稳地顶在头上。
②I constantly had to balance the need for training against the money it cost.
我得不断对训练的需要与其费用进行权衡。
即学即练 ?
1.单句语法填空
①She needs to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
②We should have a balanced (balance) diet to keep ourselves healthy.
2．完成句子
①You are working too hard. You'd better keep_a_balance_between work and (保持……与……之间的平衡) relaxation.
②She had to hold onto the rails (扶手) to keep_her_balance (保持身体平衡)．
漫画助记
I tried to catch it but I lost my balance and fell into the river.
我试图抓住它，但我失去了平衡，掉进了河里。
3.go ahead开始，前进，领先
【语境领悟】
*Things are going ahead smoothly.
事情进展顺利。
*—May I start now?
——我现在可以开始吗？
—Yes go ahead.
——可以，开始吧。
*Go ahead with your own life and leave me alone.
你继续过你自己的生活，别管我。
【归纳拓展】
go on 继续
go over 检查；复习
go out (灯)熄灭；(电)停；出去，离开(房间等)
go away 走开，离开
go up 上涨，上升
go through 浏览，翻阅
即学即练 ?
用go的词组的正确形式填空
①One person wants to go_out;_one person wants to stay in.
②Go_ahead down the street and turn right at the first crossing.
③Prices of the building have_gone_up by 6 percent since last year.
④—I probably shouldn't have any more cake.
—Oh go_ahead. It won't kill you.
漫画助记
4.used to过去(常常)……
【语境领悟】
*I never used to enjoy science but last year I changed schools and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.
我过去从未喜欢过理科，但是去年我转学了，我新学校的理科教师都非常优秀。
*You used to see her a lot didn't you/usedn't you?
你过去经常见她，不是吗？
【归纳拓展】
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事(to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.-ing)
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事(被动语态)
*It is a good job once you get used to it.
一旦你习惯了它，这就是一份好工作。
【名师点津】 “过去常常”花样多
(1)used to表示过去常常做某事，而现在不再那样了；would指过去的习惯，常常做某事，不强调现在如何。例如：I would sit under a big tree in front of my house as a child.
孩提时我经常坐在我家房前的大树下。
(2)used to的否定式有两种，即used not to do和did not use to do。疑问式也有两种，即Used＋主语＋to do...？和Did＋主语＋use to do...？
即学即练 ?
1.单句语法填空
①I'm used to living (live) in the room which was used to keep (keep) books and magazines last year.
②My parents used to live (live) in the countryside but now they have been used to living (live) in the big city.
2．单句改错
①When Einstein was a child his teachers were used to say he was not clever.
去掉used前were
②Medicines can be used to treating a mental illness but cannot solve the problem completely.
treating→treat
5.be proud of为……感到骄傲/自豪
【语境领悟】
*The young should be proud of their own culture.
年轻人应该为他们自己的文化而自豪。
*You make me feel so proud to be part of the organization.
你让我以成为组织的一员而感到自豪。
【归纳拓展】
be/feel proud to do sth. 因做某事而感到自豪
be proud that＋从句 感到自豪的是……
take pride in＝be proud of 为……自豪
【经典例句】
We are proud that Mo Yan a Chinese novelist won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature.
中国小说家莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，我们因此而自豪。
即学即练 ?
1.单句语法填空
①He is always proud of his excellent spoken English while his sister takes pride in her beauty.
②I am proud to_be (be) a member of the organization.
2．一句多译
他是一个成功的商人，一直以他的事业为傲。
①He is a successful businessman and is always proud_of his career.
②He is a successful businessman and always takes_pride_in his career. 6.be supposed to应当；理应
【语境领悟】
*I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
我要努力考取蒙特利尔大学或者渥太华大学，因为这两所大学的物理系应该都很棒。
*Why are you still at home? You are supposed to have gone to school.(＝You were supposed to go to school.)
你怎么还在家？你早应该去学校了。
*You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.
你不应该在公交车上吸烟。(用于否定句，表委婉地禁止)
【归纳拓展】
be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事，应当做某事，理应做某事
be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做了某事(但事实上没做)
be supposed to be doing sth. 理应正在做某事
suppose还可作连词，相当于supposing，意为“如果，假设”。
【经典例句】
①You are not supposed to take the books out of the room.
这些书不能拿出屋去。
②You are supposed to have finished the work by now.
这工作你现在应该已经完成了。
③You're supposed to be doing your homework but you're out playing.
你本应该在做作业，可你却在外面玩。
即学即练 ?
1.单句语法填空
①She is late for class again and she is supposed to_say (say) sorry to the teacher.
②Why are you still working on this project? It's four o'clock in the afternoon and you're supposed to_have_finished (finish) it by noon.
③Children are supposed to_be_allowed (allow) to voice their opinions though their opinions are different from their parents'.
④Supposing (suppose) I were a master of the methods of 72 transformations (变化) I'd like to transform into a good medicine to make all patients healthy.
2．完成句子
我认为这就是我们应该从父母那儿学到的最好的东西。
I think this is the best thing that we are_supposed_to learn from our parents.
漫画助记
They are supposed to have discovered America.
人们普遍认为是他们发现了美洲。7.astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的
【语境领悟】
*My parents are astonished.
我的父母感到惊讶。
*We were quite astonished at her quick reaction.
我们对她的反应之快感到非常惊讶。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be astonished at/by ... 对……感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到吃惊
(2)astonish v. 使惊讶
(3)astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的
(4)astonishment n. 惊讶
to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
in astonishment 吃惊地
【经典例句】
①We can know that the news is astonishing from his astonished look.
从他惊讶的表情我们就知道这个消息是惊人的。
②To his astonishment he found his Master sitting there lost in thought.
他惊讶地发现他的导师坐在那里，陷入沉思。
【巧学助记】
To our astonishment our teacher stepped into the classroom with an astonished look and told us the astonishing news which much astonished us.
使我们感到吃惊的是，老师带着吃惊的表情走进教室，告诉我们一个令人吃惊的消息，这让我们深感震惊。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①He was astonished to_discover (discover) that it was a mouse trap (捕鼠器)!
②We were all astonished at the news that he passed his driving test.
③To our astonishment (astonish) he failed again in the exam.
④There were an astonishing (astonish) number of applicants for the job.
⑤The astonished look on his face told us that he felt astonished to be asked such a question.(astonish)
漫画助记
His words astonished us.
他的话使我们感到惊讶。
My feelings about science have really changed. I never used to① enjoy science but last year I changed schools and the science teachers at my new school are excellent. The science facilities② are very good with laboratories that have all the latest equipment③【1】. Our chemistry teacher Mr. Longford takes us to public science lectures④ about four times a term and these are always very interesting as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries⑤【2】 in their area of⑥ science. The fact is Canada has many first-class scientists. In the last twenty years seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize! The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there_is 【3】， so we should be very proud of⑦ that.
【1】that have all the latest equipment是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词laboratories 引导词that在从句中作主语。
【2】as the lecturers... 中as引导原因状语从句。原因状语从句中包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people，引导词who在从句中作主语。
【3】there is是定语从句，此处省略了关系代词that。
I'm becoming more and more interested in physics and have decided that I want to study it at university 【4】. I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or⑧ Ottawa University as both are supposed to⑨ have good Physics Departments⑩. My parents are astonished?. They always thought I would become an English teacher!
【4】that I want to study... 是that引导的宾语从句。
[词语积累]
①used to过去(常常)……(与现在对比，表示过去的事实、状态)
②facility/f?'s?l?ti/n.(常作复数)设备；工具
③the latest equipment 最新设备
④lecture/'lekt??/n.演讲
⑤make a discovery/discoveries 有发现
⑥in the area of... 在……领域
⑦be proud of... 为……感到骄傲/自豪
⑧either... or... 或者……或者……
either... or... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词和距离最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致，即遵循就近一致原则。
⑨be supposed to 应当；理应
⑩department/d?'pɑ?tm?nt/n.(大学的)科、系
?astonished/?'st?n??t/adj.吃惊的；惊愕的
astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的
astonishment n．惊讶，惊异
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
蒙特利尔大学(Montreal University)是加拿大名列前茅的综合性大学，同时也是世界上最大的法语授课学校，于1878年建立于加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔市，如今已有140年的历史。近几年来，蒙特利尔大学的各种学术研究成果在全加拿大综合排名第二。
渥太华大学(Ottawa University)简称渥大，建于1848年，位于加拿大的首都渥太华，是加拿大最古老和全球最大的英法双语大学，也是加拿大建校历史最久的大学之一。
我对理科的感觉的确改变了。过去我从没有喜欢过理科，但是去年我换了学校，新学校的理科老师很棒。这些科研设备非常好，实验室配有所有最新的设备。我们的化学老师朗福德先生大约每个学期带我们去听四次大众科学演讲。这些(演讲)总是很有趣，因为演讲者都是在各自的科研领域里真正有所发现的人。事实上，加拿大有许多一流的科学家。在过去的二十年里，七位加拿大的科学家获得了诺贝尔奖！诺贝尔奖是目前科学方面的最高奖，因此我们为此感到骄傲。
我对物理越来越感兴趣了，并且决定上大学时学物理。我打算上蒙特利尔大学或者渥太华大学，因为这两所(大学)都有不错的物理系。我的父母很吃惊。他们一直认为我会成为一名英语老师！
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示用所学的单词填空
1．Ice snow and steam are different forms of water.
2．When you're tired of swimming just float (漂浮)for a while.
3．When you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.
4．Love is the flame (火焰) of life; without love everythihg will turn dark.
5．The three clubs joined up to improve the town's playground facilities.
6．A foreign guest is giving a lecture (演讲) in English this afternoon.
7．Could you tell me the telephone number of the English Department?
8．He was staring at her with an astonished (惊讶的) look on his face.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．声音小点行吗？我正努力集中注意力。
Keep the noise down _will you? I'm trying to concentrate.
2．他被送进监狱的消息使她感到惊讶。
She was_astonished_at the news that he was put into prison.
3．轮到你去遛狗了。
It's your turn_to take the dog for a walk.
4．如今在此地生活比起从前容易多了。
Life here is much easier than it used_to_be.
5．虽然鲍勃因有太多的家庭作业而认为不能参加聚会，但他还是去了。
Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because of too much homework but he went after_all.
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
Mixing Oil and Water
Some things just don't get along well with each other.Take oil and water __1__ example; you can mix them together and shake as__2__ (hard) as you like but they'll never become friends ... or will they? Take this fun experiment a step __3__ (far) and find out how to bring oil and water together can help you do your dishes.
__4__ you'll need：
Small soft drink bottle
Water
Food colouring
2 tablespoons of cooking oil
Dish washing liquid or detergent (清洁剂)
Instructions：
Add a few drops of food colouring __5__ the water.
Pour about 2 tablespoons of the coloured water along with the 2 tablespoons of cooking oil into the small soft drink bottle.
Screw the lid on tight and shake the bottle as hard as you can.
Put the bottle back down and have a look. It may have seemed as though the liquids were mixing together but the oil will float back to the top.
What's happening?
__6__ water often mixes with other liquids to form solutions oil and water does not.Water molecules(分子) are __7__(strong) attracted to each other; this is the same for oil because they are more attracted to their own molecules they just don't mix together. They separate and the oil floats above the water because it has a lower density (密度)．
If you really think oil and water belong together then try __8__ (add) some dish washing liquid or detergent. Detergent __9__ (attract) to both water and oil helping them all join together and form something called an emulsion (乳剂). This is extra useful when __10__ (wash) those oily dishes；the detergent takes the oil and dirt off the plates and into the water yay!
1．答案与解析：for 考查介词。take sth. for example以……为例。
2．答案与解析：hard 考查副词。shake hard使劲摇。hard是副词，努力，用力。
3．答案与解析：further 考查副词。take a step further更进一步。
4．答案与解析：What 考查代词。what意为“……的事物”。
5．答案与解析：to 考查介词。add sth. to sth.把……加在……里面。
6．答案与解析：While 考查连词。句意：尽管水与其他液体经常混合形成溶液，但是水和油不溶。while尽管，虽然。
7．答案与解析：strongly 考查副词。用副词修饰动词。
8．答案与解析：adding 考查非谓语动词。try doing sth.试着做某事。
9．答案与解析：attracts 考查主谓一致。detergent为主语，attract应为单数形式。
10．答案与解析：washing 考查状语从句的省略。
写作指导 说明文
[写作任务]
你校英文报“First Aid”栏目现面向全校学生公开征集稿件，你有意参加。请你根据图片提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍如何给溺水者实施急救。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
drown 溺水
ambulance 救护车
breathe 呼吸
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话题拓展
1．常用单词
widely 广泛地
inconvenient 不便
first 首先
then 然后
next 其次
furthermore 此外
contain 包括
extremely 非常
protect 保护
recently 最近
2.常用短语
above all 最重要的是
to begin with 开始
what's more 而且
in addition 此外
in particular 尤其
in fact 实际上
on the other hand 另一方面
in order to 为了
in a word 总之
generally speaking 一般说来
in conclusion 最后，总之
3．常用句型
As far as sb. know 据……所知
It is important... therefore... ……很重要，因此……
... is widely used in the process of... 在……的过程中被广泛使用
It contains ... 它包括……
... is of great use to do... ……对做某事是很有用的
[写作步骤]
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一篇短文介绍如何给溺水者实施急救，属于指导性说明文。此类写作的特点是：目的明确、简洁明了、步骤清晰、操作性强。句型以祈使句为主，时态以一般现在时为主，人称多用第一人称或第二人称。
二、谋篇布局
本文可分三部分来写：
第一部分：引入话题(遇到有人溺水怎么办)；
第二部分：按照图片先后顺序说明如何给溺水者施救；
第三部分：总结全文(说明给溺水者实施急救的重要性)。
三、组织语言
第一部分：引入话题(遇到有人溺水怎么办)。
普通表达
高级表达
Do you know what to do when you find...? Here are some rules you can follow.
·Whenever you find... it's important to give first aid. Here are some ways to save...
·If you find... knowing some first aid knowledge can make a big difference. The steps are as follows.
第二部分：按照图片先后顺序说明如何给溺水者施救。
普通表达
高级表达
·First get the drowning person out of water quickly.
·Second if the person is not breathing place him or her on his or her back and use the mouth-to-mouth method to start his or her breathing.
·Third keep pressing the person's chest (胸部) hard until the ambulance comes.
·First of all get the drowning person out of water as quickly as possible.
·Then check if the person can breathe.If not you'd better try to start his or her breathing immediately using the mouth-to-mouth method.
·Continue performing (实施)first aid and don't stop until the ambulance arrives.
第三部分：总结全文(说明给溺水者实施急救的重要性)。
普通表达
高级表达
·If you know what you can and should do when... you can save lives.
·Giving first aid is very useful when...
·Seconds count in a situation where... and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
·Obviously a knowledge of first aid will be of great help in our daily life.
【范文展示】
普通范文
Do you know what to do when you find someone drowning? Here are some rules you can follow.
First get the drowning person out of water quickly. Second if the person is not breathing place him or her on his or her back and use the mouth-to-mouth method to start his or her breathing. At the same time don't forget to call for help. Third keep pressing the person's chest hard until the ambulance comes.
If you know what you can and should do when you meet someone drowning you can save lives.
高级范文
If you find someone drowning knowing some first aid knowledge can make a big difference. The steps are as follows.
First of all get the drowning person out of water as quickly as possible. Then check if the person can breathe. If not you'd better try to start his or her breathing immediately using the mouth-to-mouth method. Meanwhile do remember to call for help. Continue performing first aid and don't stop until the ambulance arrives.
Seconds count in a situation where you find someone drowning and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
实战演练
你校英语网站将开辟“急救知识介绍”专栏。请你根据所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍被狗咬伤后如何实施急救，然后发表在该网站上。
1．若伤口流血，不要止血；
2．五分钟后，若流血不止，拨打求救电话。若不再流血，用肥皂水冲洗伤口约五分钟；
3．给伤口消毒；
4．如有必要，注射狂犬疫苗。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
bite 咬
bleed 流血
disinfect 消毒
rabies vaccine 狂犬疫苗
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参考范文：
Dog bites are common in our daily life. They will cause pain or bleeding. Knowing some first aid knowledge can make a big difference. The steps are as follows.
First of all don't be afraid to let the wound bleed unless you've lost a lot of blood. The flow of blood out of the wound will help to clean it. After five minutes see if you can stop the bleeding through direct pressure. If it doesn't stop call for help. If it does stop clean the wound under running water with soap for five minutes. Then disinfect the wound carefully. Finally if necessary get a rabies vaccine.
课件73张PPT。Section Ⅲ Integrating Skills
& Cultural Corner 课时作业13 Module 5 Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What is his reaction with your suggestion?
2．A good sleeping bag is an essential part of equipment.
3．Milk is liquid (液体)．
4．The members of the club discussed the problem for a whole afternoon but they didn't come to any conclusion.
5．When you heat a metal it expands.
6．It is of great importance (重要) to learn English well.
7．I wonder if different substances (物质) will react.
8．Electric (电) lights should be kept out on a sunny day.
9．We learn chemistry by watching experiments (实验)．
10．A science (科学) lab is very necessary for a university.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I aim to_learn (learn) ten words by heart everyday.
2. Applause can react greatly on/upon a speaker.
3. After a fire broke out in the lab a lot of equipment (equip) was damaged.
4. Wang Gang's reading was poor and it added (add) to the anxiety of his parents.
5. Hearing the news she felt a strange mixture (mix) of excitement and fear.
6. Only sixty percent of the work was_done (do) yesterday.
7. Don't throw your clothes about. Put them in order.
8．It's wise of you to think twice before you make the final decision.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Family Art Fun in the Gardens
Every Tuesday from July 30 2018 to August 27 2018
2 p．m.～3：30 p．m.
Phone：203－432－2877
BOOKING INFORMATION
Free for families with children aged 3 and over. Just drop in.
ABOUT THIS EVENT
Join our Art and Craft tutors in the Gardens to make your very own Nature Notebook and then explore our grounds and draw the things you find.
Discovery for All
Every Tuesday from July 30 2018 to August 27 2018
11 a．m.～12 a．m.
Phone：203－432－2879
BOOKING INFORMATION
Free events suitable for children aged 3 and over.
ABOUT THIS EVENT
Drop in to explore our Hands-On Base and the thousands of real objects from around the world that it holds.
Nature Explorers：Pond Dipping
Every Tuesday from July 30 2018 to August 27 2018
2 p．m.～3 p．m.
Phone：203－432－2889
BOOKING INFORMATION
Suitable for children aged 5 and over. ￡2 per participating child free for accompanying adults. Please purchase tickets from the Information Desk on the day. Limited places.
ABOUT THIS EVENT
Try your hand at Pond Dipping in our Nature Trail Pond and discover the variety of life in London during the summer.
Nature Trail Discovery
Every Wednesday from August 14 2018 to August 28 2018 3 p．m. ～4 p．m.
Phone：203－432－2897
BOOKING INFORMATION
Free. Limited places. Tickets are available from the Information Desk area 30 minutes before the session. Children must be aged 5 and over and accompanied by an adult.
ABOUT THIS EVENT
The Horniman Nature Trail is carefully managed to protect wildlife and their habitats.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章列举了举办这四项活动的时间、参加的费用及联系方式等。
1．Which should you drop in if your family wants to spend one and a half hours?
A．Discovery for All.
B．Nature Trail Discovery.
C．Family Art Fun in the Gardens.
D．Nature Explorers：Pond Dipping.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。由Family Art Fun in the Gardens内容中的活动时间2 p．m.～3：30 p．m.可知，这项活动持续1.5小时。而其他三项活动的持续时间均是1小时。故选C。
2．If Kelly decides to bring her students to an activity on Wednesday she will call ________.
A．203－432－2877 B．203－432－2879
C．203－432－2889 D．203－432－2897
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据Nature Trail Discovery中的活动时间“Every Wednesday from August 14 2018 to August 28 2018”可知在周三举办此项活动。而其他三项活动都在周二举行。故选D。
3．What can we know about all these activities from the text?
A．They last for one and a half months.
B．They are not suitable for children under 3.
C．They are very popular with children and parents.
D．They offer tickets 30 minutes before the session.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据四项活动的持续时间可知均不到一个半月。故A项排除。由根据Discovery for All中的“Free events suitable for children aged 3 and over”可知只提到三岁及以上的孩子，并没有提到父母。故C项排除。由Nature Explorers：Pond Dipping中的“Please purchase tickets from the Information Desk on the day”可知在一天之内都可以购票。故D项排除。前两项活动适合三岁及以上的孩子，后两项活动适合五岁及以上的孩子，所以四项活动都不适合三岁以下的孩子。故选B。
B
Grandma Moses is one of the most famous painters of the twentieth century in the United States yet she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself，“I would never sit back in a rocking chair waiting for someone to help me.”No one could have had a more productive old age.
She was born as Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State one of five boys and five girls. At twelve she left home and was in domestic (家庭的) service until at twenty-seven she married Thomas Moses the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives first in Virginia and then in New York State at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Moses painted a few as a child and made embroidery (刺绣) pictures as a hobby but only changed to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at a local market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited (展览) in the Museum of Modern Art and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2 000 pictures：detailed and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long with a wonderful sense of color and form.“I think really hard till I think of something really pretty and then I paint it，”she said.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了摩西奶奶以及她的艺术生涯和作品的艺术价值。
4．According to the passage Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to ________.
A．make herself beautiful B．keep active
C．earn more money D．become famous
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由第一段中的“I would never sit back in a rocking chair waiting for someone to help me”可知，摩西奶奶画画的初衷是为了让自己保持积极主动，故选B。
5．Grandma Moses spent most of her life ________.
A．nursing B．painting
C．embroidering D．farming
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“They farmed most of their lives”可知，摩西奶奶与其丈夫一生中的大部分时间都在务农。
6．The underlined word“portrayals”means ________.
A．descriptions B．expressions
C．explanations D．impressions
答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“of the country life she had known for so long”可知，这大约两千幅画都是对乡村生活生动具体的“描述”。
7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Grandma Moses：Her Life and Pictures
B．The Children of Grandma Moses
C．Grandma Moses：The Best Painter
D．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition
答案与解析：A 标题归纳题。本文介绍了画家摩西奶奶以及她的艺术生涯和作品的艺术价值，A项能概括文章主题。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Once there was a man who worked very hard just to keep food on the table for his family. This particular year a few days __1__ Christmas he punished his little five-year-old daughter after learning that she had __2__ the family's only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper.
As money was __3__， he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve he saw that his daughter had used all of the expensive gold paper to __4__ one shoebox she had put under the Christmas tree. He also was __5__ about where she had gotten money to buy what was in the shoebox.
__6__， the next morning the little girl filled with __7__， brought the gift box to her father and said，“This is for you Daddy！”As he opened the box the father was embarrassed by his earlier anger __8__ he had punished her.
But when he opened the shoebox he found it was __9__ and again his anger burst. “Don't you know young lady，”he said seriously，“when you give someone a present there is __10__ to be something inside the package？”
The little girl __11__ at him with sad tears rolling from her eyes and __12__ ：“Daddy it's not empty. I __13__ kisses into it until it was all full.”The father was __14__. He fell on his knees and put his __15__ around his precious little girl. He begged her to __16__ him for his unnecessary anger.
Unfortunately an __17__ took the life of the child only a short time later. It is told that the father __18__ this little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was __19__ or faced difficult problems he would open the box take out an __20__ kiss and remember the love of his beautiful child who had put it there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个围绕金色包装纸的父女情深的故事。
1．A.after B．before
C．since D．at
答案与解析：B 考查介词辨析。根据后文中的“when on Christmas Eve”可知此处指在圣诞节的前几天。故选B。
2．A.used up B．torn up
C．hidden up D．broken up
答案与解析：A 考查动词短语辨析。他得知她的女儿已经用完了家里唯一的一卷昂贵的金色包装纸，就惩罚了他五岁的女儿。use up用尽；tear up撕毁；hide up隐藏起来；break up粉碎。故选A。
3．A.much B．valuable
C．important D．tight
答案与解析：D 考查形容词辨析。根据文章第一句可知他们家的生活是很拮据的，所以钱很紧张。tight紧的，拮据，不宽裕的。故选D。
4．A.decorate B．dress
C．cover D．wrap
答案与解析：A 考查动词辨析。当他在平安夜看到他女儿用所有昂贵的金纸装饰她放在圣诞树下的一个鞋盒，他变得更生气了。decorate装饰，故选A。
5．A.delighted B．surprised
C．excited D．worried
答案与解析：D 考查形容词辨析。此处表示他担心他女儿从哪里弄到钱来买鞋盒里的东西。be worried about对……感到担心。故选D。
6．A.Otherwise B．Moreover
C．However D．Therefore
答案与解析：C 考查连词辨析。根据后文中父亲为他先前的愤怒感到难堪，可看出他后悔惩罚了女儿。所以用however“然而”表转折，故选C。
7．A.encouragement B．excitement
C．astonishment D．disappointment
答案与解析：B 考查名词辨析。此处应是小女孩兴奋地把礼物盒拿给父亲。excitement“兴奋，高兴”，故选B。
8．A.regretting B．reflecting
C．thinking D．wondering
答案与解析：A 考查动词辨析。根据空前的“the father was embarrassed by his earlier anger”，可知他应是后悔惩罚了女儿。故选A。
9．A.full B．empty
C．enough D．spare
答案与解析：B 考查形容词辨析。根据后文中父亲对小女孩说的话可推断出鞋盒是空的。故选B。
10．A.reported B．expected
C．supposed D．required
答案与解析：C 考查动词辨析。be supposed to be“按理应该是……”，故选C。
11．A.rose up B．glared up
C．glanced up D．looked up
答案与解析：D 考查动词短语辨析。小女孩抬头看着他，眼里含着悲伤的泪水。rise up上升；glare up抬头怒视；glance up抬头看一眼；look up抬头向上看。故选D。
12．A.whispered B．shouted
C．screamed D．scolded
答案与解析：A 考查动词辨析。whisper低语；shout呼叫，大声说；scream尖叫；scold训斥，责骂(孩子)。此处指女儿眼里含着泪水低声说。故选A。
13．A.sent B．blew
C．lent D．threw
答案与解析：B 考查动词辨析。此句句意：我把吻吹在里面，直到它全满为止。blow吹。故选B。
14．A.scared B．shocked
C．defeated D．troubled
答案与解析：B 考查形容词辨析。根据后文中父亲态度的转变可知父亲对于女儿的回答感到震惊。故选B。
15．A.arms B．hands
C．ears D．cheeks
答案与解析：A 考查名词辨析。他双膝跪下，将他的宝贝女儿搂在怀里。put one's arms around sb.意为“将某人搂在怀里”。故选A。
16．A.blame B．beat
C．forgive D．forget
答案与解析：C 考查动词辨析。根据上文可知父亲意识到自己错怪了女儿，所以此处应是恳求女儿的原谅。故选C。
17．A.incident B．coincident
C．event D．accident
答案与解析：D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可推断出是一场事故夺走了小女孩的生命。故选D。
18．A.threw B．felt
C．kept D．hung
答案与解析：C 考查动词辨析。据说那个父亲把这只小小的金色盒子放在床边度过了他的一生。keep保留；存放。故选C。
19．A.disturbed B．discouraged
C．delighted D．delayed
答案与解析：B 考查形容词辨析。根据后文的“or faced difficult problems”可推测出，此处表示每当他气馁时，故选B。discouraged丧气的；灰心的。
20．A.imaginary B．irresponsible
C．unforgettable D．available
答案与解析：A 考查句意理解。此处指他拿出想象中的吻。故选A。
课时作业14 Module 5 Section Ⅱ Grammar——倍数表达法与形容词/副词的比较级
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Your idea is not good but hers is even worse (bad)．
2．He has written some short stories but he is better (well) known for his plays.
3．Can you move a little farther (far)?
4．Which is the larger (large) country Canada or Australia?
5．He has never spent a more_worrying (worrying) day.
6．The more you explained the_easier (easy) I found it to understand.
7．We must unite to win still greater (great) victories.
8．He didn't give me so much (much) money as he promised.
9．I think Linda is as beautiful (beautiful) as Lucy but somebody thinks Linda is more_beautiful (beautiful) than Lucy.
10．The novel is much longer (long) than that one but it isn't so interesting (interesting) as that one.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is sure that the earth is round.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：sure→certain It作形式主语时，不能使用It is sure that...。
2．Our react to a joke is to laugh.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：react→reaction react是动词，应用其名词形式。
3．A lot of equipment have been brought in from Japan.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：have→has equipment是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。
4．John has three good friends such as Tom Jack and Swan.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：such as→that is/namely 全部列举出所有事物时，用namely或that is。
5．It is useless to discuss the matter.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：to discuss→discussing It is of use/(useful useless)＋doing是习惯用法。
6．He is looking for his pen everywhere but he may not find it out.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：去掉out look for指“找”的动作； find强调“找”的结果。
7．His failure in the exam resulted in his carelessness.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：第二个in→from result from表示“由……引起”。
8．The building to be built last year is a hospital.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：去掉to be 动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，过去分词表示被动的完成的动作。
9．I thought my past days when I saw the old photos.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：thought后加of think of表“想起”“记起”之意。
10．I'd like to buy the same bicycle that you have.
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析：that→as the same＋n.＋as引导的从句表示同类异物。而that引导的从句表示同一事物。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
There is an old saying in China that goes “The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days.”“Sanjiu period”， which is in Minor Cold refers to the third nine-day period (the 19th to the 27th day) after the day of the winter solstice(冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China.
Eating hotpot
During Minor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braise mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.
Eating huangyacai
In Tianjin there is a custom to have huangyacai a kind of Chinese cabbage during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender it is fit for frying roasting and braising.
Eating glutinous rice(糯米饭)
According to the tradition the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved(腌制的) pork sausage and peanuts and mix them into the rice.
Eating vegetable rice
In ancient times people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously but as time went by the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients(原料) aijiaohuang ( a kind of green vegetable) sausage and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了中国小寒时节的一些饮食文化。
1．What do we know about Minor Cold?
A．It refers to the winter solstice.
B．The Sanjiu period is in this period.
C．It lasts twenty-seven days.
D．It marks the first day of winter.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“‘Sanjiu period' which is in Minor Cold refers to the third nine-day period(the 19th to the 27th day) after the day of the winter solstice(冬至)”可知，三九在小寒节气期间。故选B。
2．What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold?
A．Eating hotpot.
B．Having huangyacai.
C．Having vitamin A and B pills.
D．Buying cabbage.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“In Tianjin there is a custom to have huangyacai a kind of Chinese cabbage during Minor Cold”可知，天津人在小寒节气期间会吃黄芽菜。故选B。
3．How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice?
A．They fry and toast it.
B．They eat it for dinner.
C．They mix it with many other things.
D．They steam it with soy sauce.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Cantonese people add some fried preserved(腌制的) pork sausage and peanuts and mix them into the rice”可知，广东人将糯米饭和其他很多东西混在一起吃。故选C。
4．This text may be taken from the ________ column(栏目) of a newspaper.
A．travel B．culture
C．fashion D．science
答案与解析：B 文章出处题。根据文章第一段中的“There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China”可知，文章可能选自报纸的文化栏目。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
We all have been told since we were kids that we need at least 8 hours of sleep every night. __1__ Not many.
Sleep indeed is one of the most important things our bodies need to stay healthy. Without enough sleep we can't work efficiently.Meanwhile lack of sleep can even make us sick. __2__
A lot of people eat late into the night and then try to sleep with a full stomach. __3__ While you're trying to sleep your body is working hard to absorb whatever you've eaten. Stay away from food a few hours before you go to bed so that your body can rest.
If you need more hours in the day to get your work done try to make a choice whether to wake up extra early and then go to bed on time or stay up late and then also get up late. Some people do better and are more productive when they stay up late. __4__ Do some tests on yourself to see which option works better on you.
__5__ Your body and your mind are more efficient when a routine has been set and a habit has been formed. Follow the same positive sleep patterns for a week or a month and you'll notice a big change in how much more relaxed you feel.
A．If you are struggling to get the sleep you need here are some suggestions for you.
B．So it's vital to have enough sleep for us.
C．Turn sleep into a habit.
D．Others feel better and have more energy when they wake up early.
E．The more hours we sleep the more energy we will have.
F．This will not provide you with a sound sleep.
G．However how many of us actually get that many hours of sleep?
【语篇解读】 我们从孩提时就被告知每晚至少需要8个小时的睡眠。然而，我们中有多少人真正得到那么多的睡眠呢？如何拥有8小时睡眠？睡眠对人重要吗？文章将一一解答。
1．答案与解析：G 根据上句的“我们所有人从孩提时就被告知每晚至少需要8个小时的睡眠”和下句的“并不很多”可知，此处有转折和疑问之意，故选G。
2．答案与解析：A 根据下文讲的有关睡眠的建议可知，此空是说如果你正在努力获得你需要的睡眠，这里有一些建议给你，故选A。
3．答案与解析：F 根据空前的“很多人吃到很晚，然后肚子饱饱地去睡觉”可知，此空是说这样做的后果：这将不会为您提供一个安稳的睡眠。故选F。
4．答案与解析：D 上句中的“Some people”与选项D中的“Others”对应。有些人熬夜时做得更好，更有效率；而其他人醒得早感觉更好，更有精力。故选D。
5．答案与解析：C 下句中的“a habit has been formed”与选项C中的“habit”对应，故选C。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The chrysanthemum(菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC. The flower __1__(introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty. It usually begins to bloom(开花) in the 9th lunar month lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day. That's why the month is also referred to __2__ “the month of chrysanthemum”．
The flower has been favored by __3__(poet) through the ages because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Du Fu a great Tang Dynasty poet wrote more than ten poems in praise of the flower.
Chinese people __4__(be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemums on Double Ninth Day long before. Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after __5__ day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty. People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows __6__(get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good one __7__ was an alteration(改变) of the custom of __8__(wear) chrysanthemums on people's heads. At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and __9__(happy) for them. The displays are often __10__(live) with a sea of visitors.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，围绕菊花展开了讲述。
1．答案与解析：was introduced 考查时态和语态。根据句中的“during the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词introduce和主语The flower之间为动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．答案与解析：as 考查介词。refer to... as... 意为“把……称为……”。
3．答案与解析：poets 考查可数名词单复数。根据空后的“through the ages”及语境可知，可数名词poet应用复数形式。
4．答案与解析：were 考查时态及主谓一致。根据本句的时间状语long before可知，此处应用一般过去时；又主语为Chinese people，所以此处应用复数形式。故填were。
5．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。此处特指重阳节那一天，故用定冠词the。
6．答案与解析：to get。考查非谓语动词。此处表示北京人开始把菊花插在门窗上以赶走霉运并带来好运。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to get。
7．答案与解析：which 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，“__7__ was an alteration(改变) of the... on people's heads”为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，且空处在从句中作主语，故填which。
8．答案与解析：wearing 考查非谓语动词。此处用在介词of后应用v-ing作宾语。
9．答案与解析：happiness 考查词性转换。根据空前的“good health and”可知，空处与good health并列作宾语，应用名词形式。
10．答案与解析：lively 考查词性转换。根据空前的are可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故填lively。要注意并非所有以-ly结尾的词都是副词，如：friendly(友好的)，lovely(可爱的)等。
课时作业15 Module 5 Section Ⅲ
Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Water will turn into steam when heated to 100 ℃.
2．Events in early childhood help to form our personalities in later life.
3．I looked up at the clouds floating in the sky.
4．To do the experiment you need two balances (天平) and some other materials that react with oxygen.
5．People are not allowed to use matches or any open flame (火焰) in the forest.
6．Some substances don't dissolve (溶解) in water whether they are heated or not.
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities (facility)．
2．The average weight (weigh) of a baby at birth is just over seven pounds.
3．Some countries plan to kill whales for what they call scientific (science) experiments.
4．The problem is so difficult that none of the students in the class can answer it correctly(correct)．
5．I used to get up late but now I have been used to getting (get) up early.
6．He lectured (lecture) on European art at Manchester University.
7．It's your turn to_clean (clean) up the classroom.
8．The result of the experiment made both the teachers and the students astonished (astonish)．
Ⅲ.阅读理解
With the mid-term examinations on the way are you nervous about your grades? These days I'm always thinking about .
Started on 10th Nov.2014 By Wilson Smith
E-mail: wilsonsmith 16@ yahoo.com
Stacey 14
10th Nov. 2014
I believe that cheating is wrong but sometimes school can be so stressful (有压力的) that you have to look at your neighbor's paper or bring a cheat sheet. Many of your classmates cheat so when you see them cheat and get good grades you want to cheat as well.
Crystal 16
10th Nov. 2014
Students should not cheat.It is students' responsibility (责任) to get knowledge for college and life.People should know that cheating is wrong and feel some kind of guilt when they do it even though they may please their parents and teachers in this way.
Edison 17
11th Nov. 2014
It makes me feel good when I have a chance to cheat but I don't. In the eighth grade we were taking a test and everyone got up out of their seats when the teacher left the room. But I didn't. I'd like to look at my report card and say honestly “This is my grade.”
Sharon 18
12th Nov. 2014
There's no doubt that cheating is wrong. Also it's unlucky that so many students feel the pressure (压力) to cheat. For me cheating is just a waste of time because it takes more effort (努力) to cheat than to study. I understand the pressure to cheat but I don't agree with it.
Fiona 16
13th Nov. 2014
I think well cheating is OK if it's the teacher's fault. You know if a teacher isn't making the material understandable you have to do something to keep your grades up. But it's not OK when the reason is just “I'm lazy，”“I'm tired，”“I don't like it，”or “I would rather sleep in class.”
【语篇解读】 本文列举了五个人对考试作弊问题的观点。
1．Which statement is the best to be put into at the beginning of the passage?
A. whether students have too much pressure
B. what teachers should do to prevent cheating
C. how to help students go to college without cheating
D. whether it is OK to cheat in exams
答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。归纳下面几个人的观点可知选D。
2．According to Stacey ________.
A. it is OK for students to cheat in exams
B. all students who cheat can get good grades
C. many students cheat because of pressure
D. students should cover their paper to prevent cheating
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文中but sometimes school can be so stressful (有压力的) that you have to look at your neighbor's paper or bring a cheat sheet可知。
3．From what Sharon said we can infer that ________.
A. she doesn't cheat in exams
B. she doesn't know why students cheat
C. she studies harder than any other student in her class
D. she supports the students who cheat in exams
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文中For me cheating is just a waste of time because it takes more effort (努力) to cheat than to study.I understand the pressure to cheat but I don't agree with it.可知。
4．What does Fiona think of cheating?
A. It is always wrong to cheat in exams.
B. It is completely OK for students to cheat.
C. Lazy students can cheat in exams now and then.
D. Teachers sometimes should be responsible for students' cheating.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文中cheating is OK if it's the teacher's fault ... do something to keep your grades up可知选D。
Ⅳ.完形填空
One day when I was working as a psychologist (心理医生) in England a teenage boy __1__ in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down __2__， his face pale and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me.“This boy has __3__ his family，”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and __4__ to talk to others and I'm very __5__ about him. Can you help？”
I looked at David and __6__ him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have __7__ to and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is __8__ openly and sympathetically (富有同情心地)．
The first two times we met David didn't say a word. He sat there only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we __9__ a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon — in complete __10__ and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess __11__ I admit (承认) I made sure David won once or twice.
Usually he arrived earlier than agreed took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up __12__ I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my __13__. But why did he never look at me?
“Perhaps he simply needs someone to __14__ his pain with，”I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later when we were playing chess he looked up at me __15__.
“It's your turn，”he said.
After that day David started __16__. He got friends in school and joined a __17__ club. He wrote to me a few times about his bike riding with the club members and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David __18__. But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person. All it __19__ is a hug a __20__ to cry on a friendly touch or an ear that listens.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己当心理医生时为一位青少年患者进行治疗的故事。有时候一个人不需要语言也可以深入到另一个人的内心：一个拥抱、哭泣时一个依靠的肩膀、一个友好的触摸或者仅仅是做一个倾听者。
1．A.showed up B．packed up
C．came up D．blew up
答案与解析：A 根据上文“I was working as a psychologist(心理医生)”可知，我是一个心理医生，结合下文“his face pale and his hands shaking slightly”可知，这个男孩来看心理医生，因此他出现在“我”的办公室。show up出现，露面；pack up收拾行李；come up被提出；blow up炸毁。
2．A.excitedly B．angrily
C．happily D．nervously
答案与解析：D 根据下文“his face pale and his hands shaking slightly”可知，他不断紧张不安地(nervously)走来走去，脸色苍白，双手轻微颤抖。
3．A.killed B．lost
C．destroyed D．missed
答案与解析：B 根据下文“He is understandably very sad”可推断，这个男孩失去了家庭，他很伤心。
4．A.dislikes B．refuses
C．determines D．disagrees
答案与解析：B 根据语境可知，因为家庭变故，男孩很伤心，拒绝与其他人交流。
5．A.happy B．upset
C．concerned D．crazy
答案与解析：C 这个男孩很伤心，拒绝和别人说话，因此推断老师很担心他。be concerned about“担心；关心”。
6．A.settled B．pulled
C．carried D．showed
答案与解析：D 按照常理推断，我看了看David，指示他坐在一把椅子上。show指示，引领。
7．A.answers B．ways
C．power D．sources
答案与解析：A 有一些问题心理学不能回答，语言无法描述。answers to...“……的答案”。
8．A.look B．speak
C．express D．listen
答案与解析：D 根据文章最后一句话中的“an ear that listens”可知，此处指有时候敞开心扉和抱着同情心去倾听是能够做的最好的事情。
9．A.enjoy B．watch
C．play D．organize
答案与解析：C 根据空格后的“a game of chess”可推断，“我”建议我们下国际象棋。
10．A.surprise B．silence
C．shock D．loneliness
答案与解析：B 根据上文可知，David拒绝和其他人交流，因此推断，David每个星期三下午和“我”下国际象棋，沉默寡言，从不抬头看“我”。in complete silence“一片沉默”。
11．A.but B．so
C．for D．and
答案与解析：A 下国际象棋作弊不容易，但是我承认我确保David赢了一两次。
12．A.when B．until
C．before D．after
答案与解析：C 根据语境推断，他通常早到，在“我”有机会坐下来之前拿出棋盘和棋子摆好。
13．A.job B．company
C．office D．chess
答案与解析：B 根据上文David比预定的时间来得早，因此推断他似乎喜欢“我”的陪伴。company陪伴。
14．A.discuss B．remove
C．share D．treat
答案与解析：C 根据上文可知，David不看“我”，不与“我”交流，因此“我”想：也许他只是需要有人与他分享痛苦。
15．A.suddenly B．calmly
C．sincerely D．gratefully
答案与解析：A 几个月以后，当我们正在下国际象棋的时候，他突然抬头看我。suddenly突然地；calmly冷静地；sincerely真诚地；gratefully感激地。
16．A.laughing B．talking
C．suffering D．cycling
答案与解析：B 那天以后，David开始说话。
17．A.book B．chess
C．computer D．bicycle
答案与解析：D 根据下文“... about his bike riding with the club members”可推断，他参加了一个自行车俱乐部。
18．A.something B．nothing
C．everything D．anything
答案与解析：A 根据上文“Now he had really started to live his own life.”现在David真的开始了自己的生活，可推断，或许“我”给了David某种(重要的)东西。
19．A.requests B．begs
C．takes D．cares
答案与解析：C 根据上文“But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person.”可推断，一个人无须用语言也能触及另一个人的心灵，所需要的只是一个拥抱……request请求；beg乞求；take需要；care关心。
20．A.pillow B．handkerchief
C．quilt D．shoulder
答案与解析：D 根据下文“a friendly touch or an ear that listens”可推断，此处讲的是：哭泣时一个依靠的肩膀。
长难句分析
There are problems psychology doesn't have answers to and which no words can describe. 有一些问题，心理学无法回答，也无法用言语来描述这些问题。
本句是主从复合句。主句是There are problems and连接的两个定语从句，修饰先行词problems。第一个定语从句的关系代词that/which，在从句中作宾语，被省略了。
Ⅴ.七选五
How to deal with your homework
Write it down. __1__ Make a note on your notebook. Always be sure to write down any homework for school so you won't forget anything.
Create a homework station. Find somewhere comfortable and quiet to work. __2__ It will take twice as long to get the homework done. Shut off your cell phone log off (退出) your computer (unless you will need it for your homework) and close the door.
Do it as early as possible. Don't leave homework to die last minute. __3__ The earlier you start your homework the sooner you will finish! Do all your homework as early as you can so you won't have a pile of (一堆) homework the next day.
__4__ Think about how long it will take you to complete homework for each subject. For example：English — ten minutes science — ten minutes math — forty minutes history — twenty minutes.
Treat yourself. You can easily get tired by sitting through an hour or two of homework without stopping. Once you finish homework for a subject take a small break. Just make sure it's quick (no more than 15 minutes). Do not turn on the TV or you'll never go back and finish your homework. __5__
A．Use your time wisely.
B．Start as soon as you get home.
C．Start with your hardest homework.
D．Never do your homework in front of the TV.
E．You can take a walk or find something to eat.
F．After short breaks return to finish the rest of your homework.
G．Keep a homework notebook where you record all your homework.
【语篇解读】 本文针对如何更好地完成家庭作业这一问题给出了一些建议。
1．答案与解析：G 根据Make a note on your notebook. Always be sure to write down any homework for school so you won't forget anything.可知，这里意思是“用一个记家庭作业的笔记本，记下你全部的家庭作业”，所以选G。
2．答案与解析：D 根据It will take twice as long to get the homework done. Shut off your cell phone log off (退出) your computer (unless you will need it for your homework) and close the door.可知，这里意思是“不要在电视机前做家庭作业”，所以选D。
3．答案与解析：B 根据Don't leave homework to die last minute. 以及The earlier you start your homework the sooner you will finish! 可知，这里意思是“一到家就开始写作业”，所以选B。
4．答案与解析：A 根据Think about how long it will take you to complete homework for each subject. For example：English — ten minutes science — ten minutes math — forty minutes history — twenty minutes. 可知，这里意思是“明智地使用你的时间”，所以选A。
5．答案与解析：F 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据Do not turn on the TV or you'll never go back and finish your homework.可知，这里意思是“在短暂的休息之后，就要继续完成自己剩下的作业”，所以选F。
