外研版必修1 Module 6　The Internet and Telecommunications（课件+教案）

Section Ⅰ　Introduction & Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．核心单词
①contain vt.　　　　　　　　　　　包括；包含
②crash vi. (计算机)崩溃
③breakdown n. 故障
④source n. 来源；出处
⑤design vt. 设计
2．拓展单词
①access n．接近；通路→accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的
②invention n．发明→invent vt.发明→inventor n．发明者
③permission n．许可→permit vt.允许；n.许可证
④create vt.创造，发明→creation n．创造(力)→creative adj.有创造力的
3．阅读单词
①keyword n．　　　　　　　　　　密码；口令
②log vt. 记录；登录
③software n. 软件
④date n. (复)数据
⑤network n. 网络
⑥percentage n. 百分数；百分率
⑦via prep. 途经，经由
⑧document n. 文件
n．＋ible→adj.
accessible　　　　　可进入的
responsible 负责的
credible 可信的
flexible 灵活的
visible 看得见的
-sion结尾名词大观园
①permission 许可
②decision 决定
③discussion 讨论
④possession 拥有
⑤explosion 爆炸
⑥expression 表达v.＋介词of→动词短语
hear of 听说
think of 考虑；认为
dream of 梦见
consist of 由……组成
approve of 赞成
“v.＋up＋with”短语大聚会
①come up with 提出
②catch up with 赶上；追上
③keep up with 跟上
④put up with 容忍；忍受
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．consist of 由……组成
2．as well 也
3．become known as 作为……而出名；被称为……；叫做……
4．go down 下降
5．come up with 提出
6．from that moment on 从那时起
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It_then_became_possible_for universities to_use the system as well.
这就使得大学使用网络系统也成为可能。
2．Berners－Lee built his first computer while he was at university using_an_old_television!
贝尔纳斯·李上大学时用一台旧电视组装了他的第一台计算机。
3．Berners－Lee made_it_possible for everyone to_use the Internet not just universities and the army.
贝尔纳斯·李让每个人而不仅仅是大学和军队用上了因特网。
篇章理解
速读文章并选出最佳答案
1．The second paragraph mainly tells us of ________.
A．the first computer
B．the first network
C．the development of NSFNET
D．the uses of the network
答案：B
2．From the third paragraph we can conclude that ________.
A．English will be replaced by Chinese on the web in the future
B．English will still control the web in the future
C．Chinese will become one of the main languages on the web in the future
D．you won't get information from the web if you don't know Chinese in the future
答案：C
3．The idea of the World Wide Web appeared in by ________.
A．1969; DARPA
B．1984; NSF
C．1991; Tim Berners-Lee
D．1989; Tim Berners-Lee
答案：D
4．The World Wide Web is used to ________.
A．share information with other computer users
B．store important information
C．carry information to other computer users
D．make thousands of millionaires
答案：A
5．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Berners-Lee the Inventor of W. W. W.
B．Want to Be a Millionaire? Go to W. W. W.
C．The Development of the Internet
D．The Uses of the Internet
答案：C
难句分析
1．It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.
[句式分析]本句是一个简单句。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式to use the system as well。
[尝试翻译]随后，大学使用这种系统也成为可能。
2．Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet not just universities and the army.
[句式分析]本句是一个简单句。本句是“make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.”结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to_do不定式。
[尝试翻译]贝尔纳斯·李使每个人都能使用互联网变成了可能，而不仅仅局限于大学和军队。
3．He designed the first “web browser”， which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.
[句式分析]该句是一个复合句。本句的主干是He designed the first “web browser”，逗号后面的部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是web_browser。
[尝试翻译]他设计了第一个“网络浏览器”，允许电脑用户从其他电脑上读取文件。
4．You need permission from the World Wide Web before you can access information.
[句式分析]该句是一个复合句。本句的主句是You need permission from the World Wide Web，从句是before引导的时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译]你需要得到万维网的许可，然后才能获得信息。

知识点详解——重点词汇、短语
1．contain vt. 包含；包括
【语境领悟】　
A CD-ROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information.
只读光盘是一个可以容纳大量信息的独立磁盘。
【考点释义】

【词汇拓展】
container n. 　　　　　　　　　　　　容器；集装箱
containment n. 控制；抵制
【易混辨析】　contain/include
contain
指容器里有某物；某物质中含有某种有机成分；某物质或物体中含有某物
include
指包括整体中的部分或要素；其分词或分词短语起补充说明作用
【经典例句】
①The pitcher contains enough water for all of us.那水罐里有足够我们全体饮用的水。
②The band played many songs including some of my favourites.
这个乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最喜爱的。
即学即练 ?
1.判断下列句子中contain的含义
①This file may contain a virus that can be harmful to your computer.包含
②He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.控制
2．选词填空：contain/include
①The gas tank can hold twenty gallons(加仑) of gas but now it may contain only three gallons.
②Little Johnny felt the bag curious to know what it contained.
③In the accident five passengers were killed including a foreigner.
④Look! The box contains a number of letters which include those from his students.
⑤She couldn't contain herself when she saw him after ten years of separation.
2.separate adj. 分开的；独立的；单独的v. (使)分开；分离；隔开
【语境领悟】　
A CD-ROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information.
只读光盘存储器是包含许多信息的单独的光盘。
【短语拓展】
be separated 被分开的
separate A from B 使A和B分开
separate sth. out 使某物分开；划分
【经典例句】　
①Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat.生肉和熟肉必须分开存放。
②The children all sleep in separate beds.孩子们都是分床睡的。
③Separate those two boys who are fighting.把那两个正在打架的男孩子拉开。
④It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不开的。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①We should separate the most valuable ideas from the common ones.
②The united states consists of fifty states one of which is_separated(separate) from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
3.breakdown n. 故障
【语境领悟】　
*The old car moved noisily along the road again after a breakdown.
那辆破车在一次故障后又隆隆地行驶在路上了。
*She has had a nervous breakdown.她神经崩溃了。
【短语拓展】　
【经典例句】　
①The police broke up the crowd.警察驱散了人群。
②The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来。
③Her health broke down under the pressure of work.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。
④He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning.他大声警告，打断了讨论。
⑤A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers(障碍) to trade between them.
②They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939.
③The house must have been broken into everything is in a mess.
④I'm surprised to hear that Mary and Tom have broken up. They seemed to be happy the last time I saw them.
4.consist of由……组成
【语境领悟】　
It consists of millions of pages of data.它由数百万页数据组成。
【短语拓展】　
consist with　　　　　　　　　　和……一致；符合
consist in 在于……；以……为主要特征
【经典例句】　
①The politician's actions do not consist with the promises in his speeches.
那位政客的行为与他在演说里所作的承诺不符。
②The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colours.
这张画美就美在色调均匀。
【易混辨析】　“组成”表达知多少？

注意：consist of通常不用于被动语态和进行时态。
【经典例句】　
①The Bull Team is made up of 15 players.公牛队由十五名运动员组成。
②Six women and nineteen men make up the committee.
6位妇女和19位男士组成了这个委员会。
③Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
水是由氢元素和氧元素组成。
即学即练 ?
1.语法填空
Canada is a country consisting of many different nationalities as well as one with foreign immigrants(移民) making up the majority of its population.
2．用consist的相关短语完成句子
Life mainly consists_of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist_in struggles. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist_with the reality.
3．句型转换
The band consists of 12 musicians.
①The band is_composed_of 12 musicians.
②The band is_made_up_of 12 musicians.
漫画助记
This necklace consists of gold and diamond.
这款项链由黄金和钻石组成。
5.as well也
【语境领悟】　
It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.
后来，大学使用这个系统也成为可能。
【短语拓展】　
as well as 也；除……之外；还
may/might as well do sth. 做……倒也无妨
it might/would be as well... 最好……
【易混辨析】　as well/as well as
as well
用于肯定句句末，意为：还；也
as well as
后多跟名词或代词，意为：除……之外
【温馨提示】　
as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致。
【经典例句】　
①If you have no pen a pencil will do as well.如果你没有钢笔，铅笔也行。
②He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①The teacher as well as his students is(be) going to attend the meeting.
②Now that you have began the task you might as well finish it.
③He can play the piano as well as his brother.
6.access n. 入径；通路；机会；权利　vt. 进入；使用；到达
【语境领悟】　
The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.
万维网是一种电脑网络，它允许电脑用户通过因特网从数百万的网站上获取信息。
【考点释义】

【词汇拓展】　
accessible adj. 易接近的；能进入的；可能达到的；易懂的
【短语拓展】　
have/get/obtain access to 有/获得使用……的权利/机会
be easy/hard of access 容易/难接近
be accessible to 易接近的；能进入的
【经典例句】
①This book is easily accessible to the young reader.这本书是年轻读者容易懂的。
②He had no access to education when he was in his twenties.
他二十几岁时没有受教育的机会。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①“OU supports open learning” is a method of distance learning that's accessible(access) to everybody living in the European Union.
②In spite of the advanced medical technology many Americans have no access to the good health care for poverty.
③—Can you think of another good idea?
—This is the best approach I can imagine to accomplishing(accomplish) the work ahead of schedule.
漫画助记
This is the only access to the building.
这是进入这栋楼的唯一通道。
7.go down(价格、价值、程度、数量等)下降
【语境领悟】　
*At the moment about 80 percent of web traffic is in English but this percentage is going down.
目前，大约80%的网络信息是用英文传输的，但这个比例正在下降。
*Fare tends to go down in the autumn and rise again at Christmas.
交通票价秋季时趋于下降，而圣诞节期间又开始回升。
*The grain crop has gone down this year.今年的粮食产量下降了。
【易混辨析】　
go down
不及物动词词组，无被动语态，某物“下降”，某物作主语。其反义词为go up
bring down
及物动词词组，有被动语态，某物“下降”，某物作宾语。其反义词为bring up
即学即练 ?
1.判断下列句子中go down的含义
①People hope the prices of goods will go down.下跌；下降
②He will go down in history as a great statesman(政治家)．被记下
③We sat and watched the sun go down.(日，月)落到地平线下
2．单句改错
His achievements have been gone down in history.去掉been
8.come up with 想出；提出
【语境领悟】　
He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
1989年他在瑞士工作期间提出了(组建)万维网的想法。
【短语拓展】
come about 　　　　　　　　　　　　发生
come across 偶然遇到；发现；被理解
come around 改变心态，改变观点
come out 出版；出现；露出
come to 加起来总共；达到
when it comes to 当涉及；当谈到
【经典例句】
①I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。
②I never remember having come across a man like that.
我怎么也记不起碰到过这样一个人。
【易混辨析】　
come up with
提出(主意、想法、计划等)，主语为“人”，宾语为主意、想法、计划等(不用于被动语态)
come up
(问题、方案等)被提出，主动形式表被动意义

即学即练 ?
1.选择填空：come up/come up with
①So far no one has come_up_with convincing(有说服力的) evidence of why dinosaurs died out and it remains a mystery.
②No new suggestions came_up at the meeting.
2．单句语法填空
①How did it come about that you made such a silly mistake.
②When it comes to choosing(choose) a gift I think a book is a good choice.
③His new book will come out next month.
漫画助记
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit a factory.
是他首先提出去参观工厂这个好主意的。
9.design v. 设计；制图；计划 n. 装饰图案；设计；打算；意图
【语境领悟】　
He designed the first “web browser”，which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.
他设计了第一个“网络浏览器”，这允许电脑用户从其他电脑上获取文件。
【短语拓展】　
be designed for... /to do sth. 为……而设计的；目的是……
by design 有意的；故意的
【经典例句】　
①These books are especially designed for the use of beginners.
这些书是专供初学者使用的。
②I don't know whether they did it by accident or by design.
我不知道他们这样做是偶然的，还是故意的。
③The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.
从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。
即学即练 ?
用design的相关短语完成句子
①这些房子是专为老年人设计的。
The houses are specially designed_for old people.
②这些机器人是为帮助人们做家务而设计的。
The robots are designed_to_help people do the housework.
③不知是偶然还是有意安排，其他人走后，碰巧只剩下他们两个人了。
It happened — whether by accident or by_design — that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.
漫画助记
He drew the design of the house within a week.
他在一周内就画出了房子的图案。
10.compare... with... 把……与……比较
【语境领悟】　
Compare your list with other students'. 把你列的清单和其他同学的比较一下。
【短语拓展】　
compare A and B 　 　　　　　　　　　　把A与B比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compared with/to 和……相比(常作状语)
comparing A with/to B 把A和B相比(常作状语)
beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双
【易混辨析】　comparing A with/to B与compared with/to 分词作状语
comparing A with/to B
comparing为现在分词，表主动，其逻辑主语为人
compared with/to
compared 为过去分词，表被动，其逻辑主语为被比之物或人
【经典例句】　
①Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。
②He compared his girlfriend to the moon in a poem.
他在一首诗中把他女朋友比作月亮。
③My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's.
与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。
即学即练 
1.单句语法填空
①Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
②Compare this one with that one and you'll know which is better.
2．完成句子
Compared_with_others(与其他人相比) I have a long way to go.
漫画助记
He compared the girl to the moon in the poem.
他在诗中把那个姑娘比作月亮。
11.permission n. 许可
【语境领悟】　
*You need permission from the World Wide Web before you can access information.
你需要得到万维网的允许才能获取信息。
*I need to call my dad and ask for permission before we go out.
我们出去之前，我得给我爸打个电话征得他的同意。
*Give yourself permission to fail and see what happens.
试着允许自己去失败，看看会怎样。
【短语拓展】　
(1)ask for permission 征求许可；请求允许
give permission 准许
without permission 未经许可
(2)permit v. 允许
permit＋n./pron./doing 允许
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
【经典例句】　
①My parents don't permit me to go with you.
我父母不准我和你一起去。
②The government does not permit gambling in any place.
政府不允许在任何场合赌博。
即学即练 
1.单句语法填空
①Don't permit little things to_ruin(ruin) your happiness. Try to develop a mental attitude that will bring you peace and happiness.
②—We don't permit smoking(smoke) in our school. Would you please put your cigarette out?
—Forgive me. I didn't know.
③There was once a guy who suffered from a cancer that couldn't be cured. He never went outside but he was tired of staying at home and wanted to go out. So he asked his mother and she gave him permission(permit)．
2．完成句子
未经允许我们不能看别人的私人信件。
We cannot read others' private letters without_permission.
漫画助记
Students are not permitted to cheat in the exams.
学生不允许在考试中作弊。 知识点详解——重点句型
　Berners-Lee made_it_possible for everyone to use the Internet not just universities and the army.
贝尔纳斯·李使每个人使用因特网变成了可能，而不仅仅局限于大学和军队。
【归纳拓展】　
(1)句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，而possible是宾语补足语。
(2)当think make find feel consider等动词后面是不定式或从句作宾语，并且宾语带有补语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾补后，构成句式：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。
【语境领悟】　
*His being late made it impossible for the meeting to be held on time.
他来晚了，使得会议不可能按时召开。
*I think it necessary to practise spoken English every day.
我认为每天练习英语口语很有必要。
即学即练
1.单句改错
The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.thought后加it
2．语法填空
①About a month after I joined Facebook I got a call from Lori Goler a highly regarded senior(地位较高的) director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear that this was a business call.
②It was the culture rather than the language that made it hard for him to_adapt(adapt) to the new environment abroad.
③No matter where he is he makes it a rule to go for a walk after breakfast.
④The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to_tell(tell) one from the other.
The Internet is the biggest source① of information in the world and it's accessible② through a computer. It consists of③ millions of④ pages of data⑤.
In 1969 DARPA a US defence⑥ organisation 【1】， developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other through the telephone. They created⑦ a network⑧ of computers called DARPANET 【2】. For fifteen years only the US army could use this system of communication. Then in 1984 the US National Science Foundation (NSF) started the NSFNET network. It then became possible for universities to use the system as well⑨. 【3】 NSFNET became known as⑩ the Inter-Network or “Internet”．
【1】a US defence organisation作DARPA的同位语，对其做进一步的解释和说明。
【2】过去分词短语called DARPANET作后置定语，修饰a network of computers，可转换为定语从句which/that was called DARPANET。
【3】“It then became... as well”中It是形式主语，“to use... as well”是真正的主语。
The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access? information from millions of websites via? the Internet 【4】. At the moment?， about 80 percent of web traffic is in English but this percentage? is going down?. By 2020 much web traffic could be in Chinese.
【4】that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，定语从句修饰先行词a computer network。
The World Wide Web was invented in 1991 by an English scientist Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television 【5】！ He came up with? the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
【5】while he was at university是while引导的时间状语从句；现在分词短语using an old television作方式状语。
Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet 【6】， not just universities and the army. He designed? the first “web browser”， which allowed computer users to access documents? from other computers 【7】. From that moment on the web and the Internet grew?. Within five years the number of Internet users rose? from 600 000 to 40 million.
【6】“made it possible... the Internet”中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to use the Internet。
【7】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the first “web browser”。
The Internet has created thousands of millionaires， but Berners-Lee is not one of them. Everyone in the world can access the Internet using his World Wide Web system. He now works as  a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston. 　　
[词语积累]
①source/s??s/n.来源；出处
②accessible/?k'ses?bl/adj.可进入的；可使用的
③consist of... 由……组成
④millions of数以百万计的；无数的
⑤data/'de?t?/n.(复)数据
单数形式是datum
⑥defence/d?'fens/n.保护；防卫
⑦create/kri'e?t/vt.创造；发明
⑧network/'net?w??k/n.网络
⑨as well也(一般放在句末)
as well as既……又……；与……一样好
⑩become known as...作为……而出名；被称为……，叫作……
?access/'?kses/vt.存取(计算机文件)；访问
句中to access与allow搭配，构成“allow... to do...”，意为“允许……做……”。
?via/'va??/prep.途经；经由
?at the moment目前，此刻；当时
?percentage/p?'sent?d?/n.百分数；百分率
?go down下降
?come up with提出
?design/d?'za?n/vt.设计
?document/'d?kj?m?nt/n.文件
?grow/gr?u/vi.扩大；增加
?rise/ra?z/vi.(rose risen)增加；上升
rise to...增加到……
rise by...增加了……
millionaire/?m?lj?'ne?(r)/n.百万富翁，大富豪
work as...从事……工作
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
蒂姆·贝尔纳斯·李(Tim Berners-Lee)，英国计算机科学家。他是万维网的发明者，麻省理工学院教授。1990年12月25日，罗伯特·卡里奥在CERN和他一起成功通过Internet实现了HTTP代理与服务器的第一次通讯。1999年《时代》将他列入20世纪最有影响的100名英国人之一。2004年，英女皇伊丽莎白二世向贝尔纳斯·李颁发大英帝国爵级司令勋章。2009年4月，他获选为美国国家科学院外籍院士。在2012年夏季奥林匹克运动会开幕典礼上，他获得了“万维网发明者”的美誉。2017年4月4日，蒂姆·贝尔纳斯·李获得2016年度的图灵奖。
因特网是世界上最大的信息源，并且人们可以通过电脑使用它。它由无数的数据页组成。
1969年，DARPA(国防高级研究计划局)，一个美国防御组织，开发了一种使他们所有的计算机通过电话彼此“交谈”的方式。他们创建了一个叫DARPANET的电脑网络。15年里，只有美国军队能够使用这个通讯系统。后来，在1984年，美国国家科学基金会(NSF)启动了NSFNET网络。这就使大学也使用这个系统成为可能。NSFNET作为“互联网络”或者“因特网”而闻名。万维网(the web)是一种计算机网络，它允许计算机用户通过因特网访问数百万网站上的信息。目前，大约有80%的网络通信使用英语，但是这个比例正在下降。到2020年，许多网络通信可能使用汉语。
万维网是英国科学家蒂姆·贝尔纳斯·李在1991年发明的。读大学时，贝尔纳斯·李利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑！1989年，他在瑞士工作时，提出了(创建)万维网的想法。
贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都使用因特网成为可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队。他设计了第一个“网页浏览器”，它允许计算机用户访问其他电脑上的文件。从那时起，万维网与因特网发展起来。5年之内，因特网用户的数量从60万增长到4 000万。
因特网成就了无数的百万富翁，但贝尔纳斯·李并不是其中之一。利用他(创建)的万维网系统，世界上的每个人都可以使用因特网。他现在是波士顿麻省理工学院的讲师。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This book contains (包含) all the information you need.
2．The only access to the town is across the bridge.
3．We deal in hardware but not software (软件)．
4．Our car had a breakdown on the motorway so I couldn't start it.
5．Your local library will be a useful source (来源) of information.
6．Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
7．Attack is the best defence (防御)．
8．He created quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.
9．The Olympics was telecast live via (经由) satellite.
10．A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.
11．The design (设计) of something is the way in which it has been planned and made.
12．Please try and find time to read the documents/data before the meeting.
13．The invention (发明) of printing caused important changes in society.
14．Raise your arm to get permission to speak.
15．We had a military (军事的) training at the beginning of the school year.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用本部分的短语填空
1．我叔叔现在在一家电脑公司担任经理。
Now my uncle works_as a manager at a computer company.
2．他来晚的原因是他没赶上第一班车。
The reason why he was late is that he didn't catch the first bus.
3．人们常把老师比作园丁，而把学生比作花朵。
Teachers are often compared_to gardeners while students flowers.
4．我们有可能提前完成工作。
It is possible_for us to_finish the work ahead of time.
5．去花园唯一的途径是穿过厨房。
The only access_to the garden is through the kitchen.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet 1.which is the biggest source of information 2.consists (consist) of millions of pages of data. Everyone in the world can access it 3.using (use) the World Wide Web through a computer. But how did it develop？In 1969 it was a US defence organization 4.that developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other 5.through the telephone. Then in 1984 the US National Science Foundation started the NSFNET network. It became possible for universities 6.to_use (use) the system as well. Later Tim Berners-Lee an English scientist came up 7.with the idea of the World Wide Web and invented it in 1991 which allowed computer users 8.to_access (access) documents from other computers. From that moment on the web and the Internet grew. Within five years 9.the number of Internet users rose quickly. The Internet has created thousands of millionaires 10.but Berners-Lee is not one of them. He now works as a lecturer in an institute.

课件89张PPT。Section Ⅰ　Introduction & Reading Section Ⅱ　Grammar——合成词和冠词
一、合成词
把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成构词法。合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词、合成代词、合成动词等几种。
1．常用合成名词的构成类型
(1)名词＋名词　armchair classroom bedroom
(2)形容词＋名词　blackboard deadline
(3)动词＋名词　playground postcard
(4)动名词＋名词　swimming pool waiting room washing machine
(5)名词＋动名词　handwriting
(6)动词＋副词　take-off warm-up
2．常见合成形容词的构成类型
(1)名词＋过去分词　water-covered 被水覆盖的； man-made 人造的
(2)名词＋现在分词　peace-loving 爱好和平的； English-speaking 讲英语的
(3)形容词＋名词　part-time 兼职的； first-class 一流的
(4)形容词＋动名词　good-looking 好看的；easy-going 随和的
(5)形容词＋名词＋-ed　kind-hearted 热心的； blue-eyed 蓝眼睛的
(6)基数词＋名词＋形容词　an 80-metre-long rope 一条80米长的绳子
注意：合成形容词中若含有名词。名词只能用单数。
3．常见合成副词
however 但是； anywhere 任何地方； downstairs 在楼下； maybe 可能； anyway 无论如何
4．常见合成代词
anybody 任何人； something 某事；nobody 没有人； himself 他自己； nothing 没有东西
注意：合成代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Someone is waiting for you. 有人正在等你。
二、冠词
定冠词的用法
1．特指双方都明白的人或物。Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
Put the box on the table.
把盒子放在桌上。
2．上文提到过的。
He bought a house. I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子了。
3．独一无二的。 The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
4．方位名词、序数词、最高级前。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳正从东方升起。
He is the first student to come to school.
他是第一个来到学校的学生。
She is the most beautiful girl in our class.
她是我们班最漂亮的女孩。
5．西洋乐器前。 I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
6．用在表示身体部位的名词前。She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。
7．姓氏的复数前，表一家人。We called in on the Smiths. 我们顺便拜访了史密斯一家。
8．河、海、洋、岛、山、海峡等前。The Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean in the world. 太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。
9．形容词前，表一类人。The poor have no money but they have a lot of friends. 穷人们没钱，但他们有很多朋友。
10．固定搭配。in the day in the morning the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way.
[考情分析]
在英语中，合成法是构成词的三种主要方式(合成、转化和派生)之一，对合成法的考查经常出现在阅读理解、完形填空等题型中，掌握了构词法对扩大词汇量有很大帮助。
冠词是高考英语的考查重点之一，考题常见于语法填空、短文改错等题型中。
[轻巧记忆]
定冠词使用口诀：
世界独一二次现，
序语形容高级前。
富人伤员按天算，
方位乐器影剧院。
群岛河山江湖海。
沙漠海峡与海湾。
阶级党派国家名，
普专复合姓氏前。
组织团体和机关，
朝代、会议及报刊。
双知年代击中脸，
特指事物及习惯。
[即时训练]
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示用合成词填空
1．Although it is a one-eyed(独眼的，一只眼的) dog the little boy likes it very much.
2．Our English teacher is a warm-hearted(热情的，热心肠的) honest and strict man.
3．Jack is a ten-year-old(十岁的) boy.
Ⅱ.用正确的冠词填空
1．After / lunch we went for a walk by the sea.
2．The steam-engine was invented before the internal combustion engine(内燃机)．
3．The bat(蝙蝠) they say judges distances by a kind of echolocation(回声定位)．
4．He goes to / church every Sunday; the church he usually goes to has / seats for over 800 people.
5．This is the most useful reference book I have on this subject.
6．We have a good market in the town where we buy our / fruit and / vegetables.
7．The prison in this town is a grim-looking building.
8．The youngest boy has just started going to / school; The eldest boy is at / college.
9．/ child as he is he knows a lot.
10．He was elected / monitor in our class.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这不是我们要找的车。
It is not the_car we are looking for.
2．我从新华书店买了一本书。这本书值十五元。
I bought a book from Xinhua Bookstore. The_book cost 15 yuan.
3．我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。
I can see a bird in_the_sky.
4．狗不太危险。
The_dog is not too dangerous.
5．他们两个人中，他更高。
He is the_taller of the two.
6．他会弹钢琴。
He can play the_piano.
7．格林一家正在中国旅游。
The_Greens are on a trip in China.
8．他们是教师。
They are teachers.
9．我们从星期一到星期五都上学。
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
10．露西去学校找她妈妈了。
Lucy went to the_school to look for her mother.
Ⅳ.单句填空
1．Besides shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or pushed you with their elbows(肘部) hurrying ahead to get a bargain.
2．There is a constant beat in rap songs. The beat accounts for the popularity of rap music in clubs.
3．Last weekend I was travelling home from Bangalore. There was a distinct lack of buses so I thought I would escape the crowd and go for refreshment. I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stand.
4．The International Red Cross exists to help the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationality. The symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross.
5．There are lots of experiences in our lives. The most unforgettable one for me is the speech competition which was held last year.
不定冠词的用法
1．表示泛指人或物。不定冠词表泛指，既可以指同类中的任何一个(与 any 同义)，也可以指同类中的某一个。
2．表示数量“一”。不定冠词可以表示数量“一”，但其数的概念不如 one 强烈。
3．用在介词 of 后面的名词前，表示“相同的”，与 the same 同义。
4．用在一些表示时间、长度、重量等单位的名词前，表示“每一”的概念，同 every each per。
5．用在人名等专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人”，或“某一个”。
【深化点拨】
(1)表示独一无二的事物前有修饰词时，用不定冠词，表示属于某一类的或者是表示一种特殊情况。
*We hope we can see a full moon tonight.我们希望今晚能看到一轮圆月。
(2)表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰词时，用不定冠词。
*This happened on a rainy Saturday towards the end of July.
这件事发生在临近七月底的一个下雨的星期六。
(3)当抽象名词具体化时，要用不定冠词。
*It came as a big surprise that he gave me a beautiful birthday present.
这真是一个大惊喜：他给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。
(4)用在序数词表示“又一，再一”，强调反复，不强调顺序。用在形容词比较级前表示“再，更”。
*In order to find a better job he decided to study a second foreign language.
为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。
(5)用在 most 前， most 相当于 very。
*It is a most interesting film.这是一部很有趣的电影。
零冠词的用法
1．专有名词前。China is a powerful country. 中国是一个强大的国家。
2．泛指的复数名词前。They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3．抽象名词前。Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
4．季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期前。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上学。
5．称呼、官衔、职位词前。The guards took the American to General Lee. 卫兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
6．三餐、球类等娱乐运动名称前。Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃早饭了吗？
I like playing basketball in my spare time.在业余时间我喜欢打篮球。
7．turn后的单数名词前，作表语。His brother has turned teacher.他弟弟已经成了一名老师。
8．by 后交通工具前。He enjoys travelling by train.他喜欢乘火车旅行。
Ⅰ.用合适的冠词填空
1．A man should be judged by his deeds not his words.
2．He described the scene to me.
3．He tapped out an article on the typewriter.
4．Why not have a try?
5．I found an interesting book in the library.
6．How do you like the novel?
7．As a scholar he is far above me.
8．The coat suits you well.
9．They discussed an important matter with her.
10．Are you for or against the plan?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He bought the third house in the countryside.第一个the→a
2．“I have surprise for you，” he said.surprise前加a
3．We work every day except the Sunday.去掉Sunday前的the
4．Americans like to go out by a car.去掉car前的a
5．Many lawyer is waiting outside the court.在lawyer前加a
6．I picked up a apple off the tree.apple前的a→an
7．I never play the football with her.去掉football前的the
8．Turners are Americans. They are not in Beijing.在Turners前加The
9．My brother and sister are the workers.去掉workers前的the
10．One of biggest challenges for these towns was psychological (心理上的)．在biggest前加the
课件26张PPT。Section Ⅱ　Grammar——合成词和冠词 Section Ⅲ　Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．核心单词
①essay n．　　　　　　　　　　文章
②pass vt. 超过
③average adj. 平均的
2．拓展单词
①concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentration n．专心，专注；注意
②independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→dependent adj.依赖的；依靠的(反义词)
③frequently adv.时常；经常→frequent adj.经常的→frequency n．频率
④disadvantage n．弊端；缺点→advantage n．优点；长处
⑤shorten vt.缩短→short adj.短的；缺乏的
⑥definite adj. 明确的→definitely adv.明确地；确切地
3．阅读单词
①military adj. 军事的；军队的
②fantastic adj. 极好的；美妙的
③statistics n. (复)统计数字
④sideways adv. 横着地；斜着地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．concentrate on 聚精会神
2．agree with 同意
3．in my opinion 在我看来
4．compared with/to 与……相比
5．communicate with 与……交流
6．take out 取出，拿出
7．instead of 而不是，代替
8．a series of 一系列
9．point out 指出
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Our English teacher is excellent but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.
我们的英语老师很优秀，但她不能在50分钟内帮助班里的每个人。
2．It_would_be_much_better_if we spent the time working on a computer.
如果我们在电脑上工作，情况会好很多。
3．What_do_you_think these text messages mean?
你认为下列文本信息的意思是什么？
“频率”降下来
①always adv.　　 　　总是
②usually adv. 通常
③frequently/often adv. 时常
④sometimes adv. 有时
⑤seldom/rarely adv. 不常
⑥never adv. 从不
-en后缀高频动词集锦
①weaken 削弱
②shorten 缩短
③lessen 减少
④sharpen 削尖
⑤broaden 加宽
⑥lighten 减轻
⑦threaten 恐吓
⑧frighten 使惊吓
“集中注意力”聚焦
①focus on 集中注意力于
②be absorbed in 全神贯注于
③pay attention to 注意
④concentrate on 集中精力于
知识点详解——重点词汇、短语
1．concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)于……；全神贯注
【语境领悟】　
*Concentrate on the good things about the Internet.
关注互联网的好的方面。
*We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.
我们必须致力于改进教育。
*I must concentrate myself on studying today.
我今天必须集中精力学习。
【短语拓展】
concentrate on/upon sth.　　　　集中精力于/专注于……
concentrate one's attention/efforts/...on...
把某人的注意力/努力/……集中于……
concentrate oneself on... 集中精力于……
concentration n. 专心；集中【链接】
即学即练 ?
1.语法填空
①When you begin to work you should be able to concentrate on the subject.
②I was so lost in my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up(坐起来)．
2．单句改错
①To make my dream come true I have told myself over and over again that I should concentrate more to studies.more后的to改为on
②If you think too much about the past you will never be able to focus what is more important at present and in the future.focus后面加on
put one's heart into... 集中精力于……
fix one's mind on... 集中精力于……
pay attention to... 专心，注意……
focus on... 集中……
apply oneself/one's mind to... 专心于……
be absorbed in... 集中精力于……
be lost in... 倾心于…… 漫画助记
The music outside made it impossible for her to concentrate on her studies.
外面的音乐让她无法集中精力学习。
2.independently adv. 独立地；自立地；自主地
【语境领悟】　If we work independently we can learn much more. 如果我们独立学习，我们能学到更多知识。
【词汇拓展】
dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
independent adj. 独立的；自立的；自主的
independence n. 独立；自主；自立
dependable adj. 可靠的；可依赖的
【短语拓展】
depend on 依赖，依靠，取决于
be dependent on 依靠，依赖
be independent of 独立于，不依靠
【经典例句】　
①You should learn to be independent of your parents.
你应该学习不依赖父母。
②Everything that a computer does is dependent on the man who uses it.
计算机所做的一切都取决于使用它的人。
即学即练 ?
语法填空
①Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on/upon social media for their sense of self-worth(自我价值感) a major study warned.
②Although the Great Wall has lost its military value for a long time it reflects the dignity(尊严) confidence and independence(dependent) of the Chinese people.
③Reducing plastic waste isn't easy because the cheap material is found in almost every household item(家用物品). Now a new substitute(替代品) has come up to help reduce our dependence(depend) on this environmental hazard(隐患)．
④Susan wanted to be independent(depend) of her parents. She tried living alone but she didn't like it and moved back home.
3.agree with同意，赞成；与……一致；(气候、食物等)适合
【语境领悟】　
*I agree with you to some/a certain degree.我在某种程度上同意你(的意见)。
*His deeds do not always agree with his words.他的言行并非总是一致。
*Spicy food does not agree with me.辛辣食物不合我的胃口。
【易混辨析】　
agree with
后接人及人说的话、意见、看法、观点、决定等(sb. one's words what sb. said one's idea one's opinion one's decision one's view etc.)，即表“未成定论的东西”
agree to
①＋名词/代词“同意，赞同(计划、建议等)”，即表“已成定论的东西”
②＋do sth.“同意/答应做某事”
agree on
“就……达成一致协议”，主语是协议双方
即学即练 ?
语法填空
①He phoned me this morning and we agreed on a date and a place to meet.
②Do you think he'll agree to their proposal(提议)?
③Michael's mother didn't agree with him about/on buying a motorcycle. They argued over it.
④I don't prefer to live in Sanya. Though the seafood is delicious the damp weather there doesn't agree with me.
⑤Never agree to_meet(meet) someone you met on the Internet without your parent's permission(允许). Never meet anyone you met online alone.4.expect vt. 预计，预期；期望，期待；认为，猜想
【语境领悟】　
The number of mobile phone users in China is expected to reach 500 million by 2007. 到2007年，中国移动电话用户的数量预计达到5亿。
【短语拓展】
expect to do sth. 希望做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
expect sth. of sb. 对某人有某种期望
【易混辨析】　be expected to/be supposed to
be expected to
意为“被预计会”，表示主语被预期会发生的动作
be supposed to
意为“本应该，按理应该”，表示事先计划或注定要发生的事情
【经典例句】
①If one loses confidence he can never expect to do his work well.
一旦失去信心，就甭想做好工作。
②Don't expect much of him; he is only a student.
不要对他期望过高；他只不过是个学生。
即学即练?
1.语法填空
①My parents expect me to_study(study) abroad and going abroad is also my dream.
②I enjoyed the film we saw last night very much. It was far more interesting than expected(expect)．
③We thought John would do well but his achievements were beyond our expectations(expect)．
④The unexpected(expect) change of the weather is something that the British can agree on.
⑤—I still haven't made any progress in writing an English essay.
—Learn to walk before you run. How can you expect to_write(write) a passage when you don't understand the words?
2．单句改错
We are amazed to find the project is working out well as expecting.expecting→expected
5.average adj. 平均的 n. 平均数；平均水平
【语境领悟】　
The average time the Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week. 中国人均上网时间是每周17个小时。
【考点释义】

【短语拓展】
an average of 　　　　　　　　　　　平均有
above/below average 在平均水平之上/下
on average 平均；一般来说
【经典例句】　
①London has on average 7.6 hours of sunshine per day during May.伦敦五月份每天平均有7.6小时日照时间。
②He is an average man and there's nothing special about him.他是个普通人，并没有什么异乎常人的地方。
③Her brother is above average in his reading ability.她哥哥的阅读能力在平均水平以上。
④Parents spend an average of $ 200 a year on toys for their children.父母给孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为200美元。
即学即练 ?
1.语法填空
①Last year was the warmest year on record with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average.
②On average it will take a year of hard work to complete all the classes.
③Mr. Smith's salary is below average in his company which makes him upset.
2．单项选择
Don't expect him too much. After all he is only a child of ____A____ intelligence.
A．average　　　　　B．slight
C．strange D．different
漫画助记
The average of 4 6 and 8 is 6.
4 6 8的平均数是6。
6.hesitate vi. 犹豫；顾虑；疑虑
【语境领悟】　
If you need any help don't hesitate to call us. 如果你需要帮助就打电话给我们，不要有顾虑。
【词汇拓展】
hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫
hesitant adj. 不情愿的，踌躇的，犹豫不定的
【短语拓展】
hesitate over/about 对……犹豫、迟疑不决
hesitate to do sth. 做某事有犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
【经典例句】　
①He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断，必受其乱。
②In case you need something please don't hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么东西，请尽管对我说。
③She agreed without the slightest hesitation.她毫不犹豫地同意了。
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①If you have any questions don't hesitate to_ask(ask) me for help.
②The girl refused his invitation without hesitation.
③She was hesitating about what she should do.
7.disadvantage n．弊端；缺点
【语境领悟】　
*Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of the use of the Internet.
列一下使用网络的优缺点。
*The new policy will be to our disadvantage.新政策对我们不利。
*The situation put us at a serious disadvantage.
形势使我们处于非常不利的境地。
【短语拓展】
(1)to one's disadvantage 对某人不利
put sb. at a disadvantage 置某人于不利的境地(情况)
(2)advantage n. 优点
have/gain an advantage over sb. of sth. 在某方面比某人强，胜过，优于
take advantage of... 利用……的优势
to one's advantage 对某人有利
【经典例句】　
We should make the best of the advantages and avoid the disadvantages in our life.在生活中，我们应该扬长避短。8.take out 取出；扣除，除去
【语境领悟】　
You can do this by taking out “unimportant” letters in the words...你可以通过删去单词中“不重要”的字母……来这样做。
【短语拓展】
take sth. out of sth.　　　　从某物中扣除某物；从某物中抽出某物
take... in 吸入……；领会……；理解……；欺骗……
take off 取下，摘下；脱下；起飞
take over 接管，接收
take up 开始从事；继续；占据；占用
take apart 拆散，拆卸
take on 呈现
【经典例句】
①Please take out your notebooks and get ready to make notes.
请拿出你们的笔记本准备做笔记。
②I won't take up any more of your time.我不再占用你的时间了。
即学即练 ?
1.单句语法填空
①Someone who lacks good manners may be considered boorish(粗鲁的) or inappropriate(不得体的). He or she may be at a disadvantage in many social situations.
②Those who live in big cities have more than one advantage over those who live in small towns and the countryside.
③I hope my lack of experience won't be to my disadvantage.
④The dog may be a good companion for the elderly. However the need to take it for a walk every day may be a(n) disadvantage(advantage)．
2．完成句子
①The disability to use the computers in my last job put_me_at_a_disadvantage(使我处于不利地位)．
②Parents should actively urge their children to take_advantage_of(利用) the opportunity to join sports teams.
③You will be at_an_advantage(处于优势) if you have thought about the questions in advance.
即学即练 ?
单句语法填空
①Leaves take in sunlight.
②He didn't particularly want to take up a competitive sport.
③My mother made me take off my wet boots.
漫画助记
He took out his dictionary and looked up the word.
他拿出词典查找这个词(的含义)。
9.instead of 代替，作为……的替换
【语境领悟】　
... and using numbers instead of words...……并使用数字代替单词……
【易混辨析】　instead/instead of
instead
instead 意为“顶替，代替”，为副词，通常放在句首或句尾
instead of
instead of 意为“代替；而不是”，为介词短语，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词
【经典例句】
①Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
②Mr.Black was ill，so she went there instead.
布莱克先生生病了，因此她代他去了那儿。
即学即练 ?
选择填空：instead of/instead
①When faced with something we don't understand we need to be curious about it instead_of sticking to the fixed theories.
②The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead _he bought a used one.
知识点详解——重点句型
Our English teacher is excellent but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.我们的英语老师非常优秀，但她不能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一个人。
【句式分析】　
(1)该句为but连接的两个并列分句。第二个分句中can't...everyone...为部分否定结构。
(2)英语中有些表示整体含义的代词和副词，它们和not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都……，并非总是/一直……，并非完全……”。
*Not everyone can do the thing.并非每个人都能做这件事情。
【名师点津】　常用于部分否定的词
(1)代词有all both以及all both whole every所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。
(2)副词有altogether always entirely completely wholly quite等，以及含有all both whole every等副词词性的词组。
【经典例句】　
①Not both Peter and John enjoy music.并非彼得与约翰都喜欢音乐。
②Every one cannot become a businessman.不是所有的人都能成为商人。
③Fortune has not always smiled on him.命运之神并非总是眷顾他。
即学即练
1.翻译句子
①All that glitters(闪闪发光) is not gold.
闪闪发光的未必都是金子。
②Everyone doesn't like travelling.
并非每个人都喜欢旅行。
2．同义句转换
①Not all the students can work out the problem.
All_the_students can't work out the problem.
②Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.
Not_both_of the two math problems are very difficult.
3．将下列句子改为全部否定句
①Jack can't answer all of the questions.
Jack_can_answer_none_of_the_questions./Jack_can't_answer_any_of_the_questions.
②To be honest I don't know both of them.
To_be_honest _I_know_neither_of_them.

Talking on a mobile phone 【1】 is expensive so a lot of people send text messages. Text messages are much cheaper① than talking on a mobile phone and you can make it even cheaper② by shortening③ the words that you use 【2】. You can do this by taking out④ “unimportant” letters in the words(usually vowels) and using numbers instead of⑤ words(2＝to 3＝free 4＝for 8＝ate so h8＝hate etc.). You can also avoid⑥ using punctuation like inverted commas. Here is an example: Im hm nw why nt gv me a cll？(I'm home now why not give me a call? 【3】)
What do you think these text messages mean? 【4】
Whr hv U bn? Iv bn wtng hrs fr a cll
Do U wnt 2 g 2 th cnma tnite?
I gt a txt mssge frm my frnd. Shes hvng a prty on Strdy. Do U wnt 2 cm?
【1】v-ing形式的短语Talking on a mobile phone作主语。
【2】that you use是定语从句，修饰先行词the words that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
【3】“Why not do...？”意为“为什么不做……呢？”，表示建议。
【4】“What do you think...？”中的do you think为插入语。注意插入语后的句子应用陈述语序。
Mobile phone users have developed⑦ a series of⑧ symbols to show how they feel 【5】. They are called emoticons and there are some examples below. To read an emoticon you have to look at it sideways⑨.
【5】动词不定式短语“to show... feel”作目的状语，其中how they feel为how引导的宾语从句，作show的宾语。
For example if you say something in a text message which is a joke you can follow it with a smiling face. 【6】 Like this: Why didt u call me? I'm so sad. －)
Here are some others. Can you think of text messages where you could use them 【7】？
-) laughing　-( sad　-< really sad　-V shouting
|-| asleep　O shocked　8-| surprised　\-o bored
【6】“For example... smiling face”中，主句为“you can follow it... face”，if引导条件状语从句，该从句中which is a joke是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something。
【7】where you could use them是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词text messages。
[词语积累]
①much cheaper 便宜得多
much 可以修饰比较级。
②even cheaper 更便宜
even 可以修饰比较级。
③shorten/'???tn/vt.缩短
④take out 减去；抽出
⑤instead of 代替；而不是
⑥avoid/?'v?Id/vt. 避开
　avoid doing sth. 避开做某事
⑦develop/dI'vel?p/v. 发展；开发
⑧a series of 一系列，一连串
　series 单复数同形。
⑨sideways/'saIdweIz/adv. 横着地；斜着地
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
英语中其他常见的简化用词有：
4ever＝forever
B4＝before
BIZ＝business
CU＝see you
FT＝faint 昏倒
GL＝good luck
J/K＝just kidding
OIC＝Oh I see
OICU＝Oh I see you
pic＝picture
PPL＝people
UR＝your
UR＝you are
VG＝very good
Y＝why　YR＝Yeah right
2B or not 2B＝To be or not to be
AISI＝as I see it
B4N＝bye for now
BBL＝be back later
FTF/F2F＝face to face
PS＝Photoshop/by the way
用手机打电话很贵，所以很多人(选择)发短信。发短信比用手机打电话便宜得多，而且你可以通过简化你的用词使之更便宜。为了达到简化的目的，你可以去掉单词中“不重要”的字母(通常是元音字母)并用数字代替单词(2＝to 3＝free 4＝for 8＝ate，那么h8＝hate，等等)。你还可以避开使用引号之类的标点符号。如：Im hm nw why nt gv me a cll？(I'm home now why not give me a call？)
你认为(下面)这些短信表示什么意思呢？
Whr hv U bn? Iv bn wtng hrs fr a cll
Do U wnt 2 g 2 th cnma tnite?
I gt a txt mssge frm my frnd. Shes hvng a prty on Strdy. Do U wnt 2 cm?
手机用户已经发明了一系列的符号来表达他们的感受。它们被称为表情符号，下面有一些例子。要读懂表情符号，你必须得斜着看。
例如，如果你在短信中开玩笑，你可以在短信后发送一个笑脸。像这样：
Why didt u call me? I'm so sad.-)
下面是一些其他的例子。你能想出一些能用到这些表情符号的短信吗？
-) 笑　-( 伤心
-< 非常伤心
-V 大喊大叫
|-| 睡着　O 震惊
8-| 惊讶　\-o 厌烦

Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空
1．I can't concentrate (集中)on my work when I'm tired.
2．Some of the students have an ability of independent (独立的) thinking.
3．It is a disadvantage (不利因素) not to be able to drive a car.
4．The average age of the boys in this class is nineteen.
5．My dress is too long. I must shorten (截短) it.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．他专注于自己的工作。
He has concentrated_on his work.
2．他首先提出了去参观工厂这个好主意。
He came up_with the good idea of going to visit a factory first.
3．一星期由七天组成。
A week consists_of seven days.
4．如果碰到麻烦，要赶紧向人求助。
If you get in trouble don't hesitate_to ask for help.
5．亨利不允许在他的办公室吸烟。
Henry doesn't allow_smoking in his office.
Ⅲ.用介词填空
1．“The final exam is coming. You'd better concentrate ________ your study.” Mother informed me ________ it.
答案与解析：on; of　考查介词。concentrate on 集中注意力于，专心于；inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事。
2．—When did you last hear ________ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning and we agreed ________ a time and a place to meet.
答案与解析：from; on　考查介词。句意：——你最后一次接到 Jay 的电话是什么时候？——他今天早晨给我打了电话，我们确定了见面的时间和地点。hear from (receive a letter telephone call etc. from sb.)接到某人的信、电话等；agree on 经协商在……上达成一致意见。
3．With so many children playing outside and making so much noise he seemed unable to concentrate ________ his homework.
答案与解析：on　考查介词。句意：有这么多的孩子在外面玩，制造出这么多的噪音。他似乎无法集中精力做他的家庭作业。concentrate on 专心于……，集中精力于……。
4．I agree ________ most of what you said but I don't agree ________ everything.
答案与解析：with; with　考查介词。句意：我同意多数你所说的，但并不是全部。
5．Believe it or not if you learn to be independent ________ your family you shall survive any disaster in store for you.
答案与解析：of　考查形容词短语。句意：信不信由你，如果你学会独立于你的家庭，你会闯过将来遇到的任何灾难。be independent of 独立于……，不依靠……。
6．When the girl was two years old she had an interest ________ learning English so her mother read three words to her ________ average every day.
答案与解析：in; on　考查短语。句意：当女孩两岁时，她对学习英语有兴趣，所以她母亲平均每天给她读三个单词。have an interest in 对……感兴趣；on average 平均。
7．The sun has set and we walked as fast as we could，expecting ________ get there before it was dark.
答案与解析：to　句意：太阳已经下山了，我们以最快的速度行走，期望在天黑之前到达那里。expect to do为固定用法。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My first football __1__ (compete) was in Nagoya Japan several years ago. Last year our team went to Seattle Washington in the USA. We __2__ (win) second place. __3__ (personal) I think the team that got first place cheated because they had developed a new type of program just __4__ the match began. So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too. We are __5__ (determine) to create an even __6__ (good) system. In a way our programmer is like our coach. She programs us with all __7__ possible moves she has seen while __8__ (watch) human games. Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. In this way I can create new moves using my “artificial intelligence”. I would really like to play against a human team for I have been programmed to act just like them. After all __9__ the help of my electronic brain that never forgets anything using my intelligence is __10__ I'm all about!
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章中一台机器人介绍了自己参加的两次足球比赛及它们的程序员为这个由机器人组成的足球队所做的努力。
1．答案与解析：competition　考查名词。句中缺少的是主语，且被名词 football 修饰，故这里须用名词形式，依据语意可知此处是指自己的第一次足球比赛，因此用competition。
2．答案与解析：won　考查时态。上文的 Last year 这一时间状语暗示了该句子为一般过去时态。
3．答案与解析：Personally　考查副词。此处置于句首，用逗号隔开，单独使用，作状语，需用副词形式。personally 相当于 personally speaking。
4．答案与解析：before　考查连词。依据语境可知应该是在比赛前研究出的新程序。因此用 before。
5．答案与解析：determined　考查形容词。此处是 be determined to do sth. 结构，表示“决定做某事”，determined 为形容词。
6．答案与解析：better　考查形容词比较级。依据前后文的语境可知这里含有比较的意味。又由空前的 even 推断这里须用比较级，因此填 better。
7．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。后面有定语从句 she has seen...，可知表特指。故用定冠词 the 修饰。
8．答案与解析：watching　考查非谓语动词。从句的主语跟主句的主语一致，且 watch 与其逻辑主语间为主动关系，因此此处用现在分词形式。
9．答案与解析：with　考查介词。with the help of...表示“在……的帮助下”，为固定搭配。
10．答案与解析：what　考查引导词。此处是 what 引导的表语从句，what在从句中作宾语，what 相当于 everything that。
常用表达
(一)开头常用句式
1．we had a heated
discussion about/on...
2．with the development of...
3．At present there is a widespread concern that...
4．It is often said that...
5．Our opinions are divided on the topic.
(二)接常用句式
1．The main reason why... is that...
2．The reasons are as follows.
3．Take... for example
4．Besides we should not neglect that...
5．Wonderful as...is it has its own disadvantages as well.
6．As far as I'm concerned I'm in favor of the first/second view.
(三)结尾常用句式
1．Taking all these into account/consideration we may safely reach the condusion that...
2．So we must take measures to...
写作指导　提纲类作文
[写作任务]
如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上点餐。你班同学针对“我们是否应该在网上点餐”展开了激烈的讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文，介绍大家的讨论结果，并表达自己的看法，然后发表在你校的英语论坛上。
赞成
反对
你的观点
1.可以随时吃到各种好吃的饭菜。
2．方便、快捷、节省时间。
1.饭菜卫生无法保证。
2．一次性餐具(disposable tableware)会产生大量的垃圾。
……
注意：
1．词数120左右(开头已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should order food online. Opinions are divided on the topic.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[写作步骤]
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一篇正反对比类议论文，介绍同学们对网上点餐的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
在时态方面，陈述正反两方观点时常用一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。
二、谋篇布局
本写作任务可分为四部分：
第一部分：引入话题；
第二部分：列举正方观点及其理由；
第三部分：列举反方观点及其理由；
第四部分：表明自己的观点。
三、组织语言
第一部分：引入话题(题目已给出)
第二部分：列举正方观点及其理由。
普通表达
高级表达
·Some students think it's good to...
·They think the food they buy is more delicious than what they cook.
·They also like doing this in order to...
·Besides they can save time if they ... and they can pay attention to other things.
·Some students who are in favour of ... believe the food they cook are not as delicious as the one they buy.
·Some people order online with the purpose of tasting a variety of (各种各样的) food.
·In addition to this ... will save them valuable time allowing them to concentrate on other things.
第三部分：列举反方观点及其理由。
普通表达
高级表达
·However other students don't agree with them.
·But other students hold a different opinion.
·They say some restaurants may have food safety problems which are harmful to our health.
·What's more using disposable tableware is bad for the environment because it can produce a lot of rubbish.
·However some people raise questions about...
·On the contrary (正相反) there are some people against that opinion saying that...
·However students who are against it don't think so arguing that the food made in a restaurant that may not have a health certificate (合格证) may be a safety hazard (风险)．
·What's more using disposable tableware can produce masses of (大量的) rubbish which is a threat (威胁) to the environment.
第四部分：表明自己的观点。
普通表达
高级表达
·In my opinion I agree with the latter view.
·As for me I'm for the latter view.
·No matter how busy we are we should take good care of our health by cooking for ourselves and keeping a healthy diet.
·As far as I am concerned I am for/in favour of the first view.
·After weighing the advantages and disadvantages of ... I ...
·From my point of view it is wiser to ...
·The busier we are the more attention we should pay to our food.
【范文展示】
普通范文
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should order food online. Opinions are divided on the topic.
Some students think it's good to order food online. They think the food they buy is more delicious than what they cook. They also like doing this in order to taste different kinds of food. Besides they can save time if they order food online and they can pay attention to other things.
But other students hold a different opinion. They say some restaurants may have food safety problems which are harmful to our health. What's more using disposable tableware is bad for the environment because it can produce a lot of rubbish.
As for me I'm for the latter view. No matter how busy we are we should take good care of our health by cooking for ourselves and keeping a healthy diet.
高级范文
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should order food online. Opinions are divided on the topic.
Some students who are in favour of ordering food online believe the food they cook are not as delicious as the one they buy. Some people order online with the purpose of tasting a variety of food. In addition to this ordering food online will save them valuable time allowing them to concentrate on other things.
However students who are against it don't think so arguing that the food made in a restaurant that may not have a health certificate may be a safety hazard. What's more using disposable tableware can produce masses of rubbish which is a threat to the environment.
From my point of view it is wiser to cook food at home and go on a balanced diet. The busier we are the more attention we should pay to our food.
实战演练
假定你是李华。最近，你班同学在英语课堂上针对“旅游景点该不该要求游客买通票(through tickets)”这个话题进行了辩论。请根据表格提示为某英语报社投稿，介绍此次辩论情况。
正方
反方
你的观点
1.游客可以省去多次购票的麻烦。
2．方便控制游客的人数。
1.游客不得不游览他们不喜欢的景点。
2．导致游客不想去该景区参观。
……
注意：
1．词数100左右(开头已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently we had a debate in our English class about whether tourists should be required to buy through tickets. The results are as follows.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Recently we had a debate in our English class about whether tourists should be required to buy through tickets. The results are as follows.
Some of us support the idea. They argue that through tickets are convenient for tourists as they don't have to buy tickets at every tourist spot. Besides they can help to control the number of tourists who enter such spots.
However some people are against that opinion arguing that buying through tickets means tourists have to visit some spots they aren't interested in. This may lead to many tourists losing interest in visiting the tourist areas.
I think it is unwise to require tourists to buy through tickets. They have the right to decide on which places they wish to visit.

课件98张PPT。Section Ⅲ　Integrating Skills
& Cultural Corner 课时作业16　Module 6　Section Ⅰ　Introduction & Reading
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Time permitting (permit) we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2．The project is designed to_help (help) people who are out of work.
3．Soldiers who died in defence of their country are respectable.
4．After the meal she placed a little box containing (contain) an old pen in my hand.
5．We don't know if it was done by accident or by design.
6．Tom as well as Jane and Rose is (be) going to the farm on foot.
7．We think it no good reading (read) in bed.
8．Love does not consist with hate.
Ⅱ.用适当的介、副词填空
1．The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world and it's accessible through a computer.
2．It consists of millions of pages of data.
3．In 1969 DARPA a US defence organisation developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other through the telephone.
4．It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.
5．NSFNET became known as the Inter-Network or “Internet”．
6．The World Wide Web is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.
7．At the moment about 80 percent of web traffic is in English but this percentage is going down. By 2020 much web traffic could be in Chinese.
8．He came up_with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
9．From that moment on _the web and the Internet grew.
10．He now works as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
He has a bright idea.
Avery Hairston is lighting up people's lives. The 15-year-old from New York City created an organization called RelightNY. It helps people who have difficulty in paying their electricity bills by giving them special light bulbs (灯光) which cut long-term electricity costs. They are also better for the environment than common bulbs. “People who can afford the bulbs which are a bit expensive should buy them，” Avery insists.
He is very interested in recycling (回收再利用)．
Eli Kahn 15 started Cartridges for a Cure to raise money for children's cancer (癌症) research by recycling empty ink cartridges (墨盒). Eli has raised $82 000 for Johns Hopkins Children's Center. “With a little time and work anything can get bigger，” Eli says.
She makes water safe to drink.
Kelydra Welcker 17 has been trying her best to make drinking water safer. She invented an easy way to get the chemical C8 out of her West Virginia town's water supply (供应). C8 went into the water from a nearby industrial factory. “Clean water should be a given，” Kelydra explains. “We all should have it.”
She tries to stop deforestation.
Wangari Maathai from Kenya Africa has been working for many years to save the forests. In 1977 she started a movement in Kenya to help stop deforestation (the cutting or burning down of all the trees). The program has planted more than 30 million trees in Africa. Her work brought her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. In 2006 she helped start the Billion Tree Campaign. The United Nations program encouraged people to plant trees in their neighborhood with the goal of planting one billion trees worldwide that year. So many people who wanted to go green joined the program and more than nine million trees have been planted. Maathai says “This is something anybody can do.”
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个致力于做慈善事业的人。
1．What can we learn about RelightNY?
A．It helps the poor save money.
B．It is a United Nations program.
C．It raises money for sick children.
D．It provides people with free bulbs.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由He has a bright idea部分的．.. an organization called RelightNY. It helps people who have difficulty in paying their electricity bills... cut long-term electricity costs可知，该机构通过提供特殊灯泡帮助那些支付电费困难的人们节省电费。
2．Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004?
A．Eli Kahn. B．Avery Hairston.
C．Kelydra Welcker. D．Wangari Maathai.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由She tries to stop deforestation部分的Wangari Maathai... Her work brought her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004可知答案。
3．What the four people have done is all good for ________.
A．the poor B．the sick
C．the education D．the environment
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。从对这四个人的介绍内容better for the environment、recycling empty ink cartridges、make drinking water safer和working for many years to save the forests可知，他们所做的事情都对环境有益。
B
A recent survey has shown that the busiest shopping street in the world is not in London New York or Paris but in Warsaw (capital city of Poland). It's called Nowy wiat which means New World. About 14 000 Poles walk down this main street every hour.
It is a lovely place to shop. The street is very wide. There are statues palaces attractive town houses high-class cafés and restaurants. The buildings aren't too tall. They look old but in fact the whole city was rebuilt after World War Ⅱ. There aren't any billboards (广告牌) loud music or many tourists. People think that Polish shops have nothing to sell so tourists don't come shopping here. The world doesn't know about this good place for shoppers — yet.
It is now possible to buy almost everything in Warsaw. There are many shops from the West. However Nowy wiat has a lot of small shops and specialist shops. It hasn't got the huge department stores that sell the same things everywhere.
If you want an excellent hand-made suit Nowy wiat is the place to go. It isn't cheap. You will pay up to ￡1 000. For beautiful French baby clothes go to Petit Bateau. You will pay ￡50 for a pair of blue jeans for a baby. A dress for a baby girl is about ￡90. At Desa a famous antique (古董) shop a desk costs ￡5 000.
Not everything is expensive. At the shop Pantera you can buy leather (皮革) goods-handbags purses coats and belts. Cepelia is famous for folk art. There are also book shops and record shops. And there are a lot of small shops that sell clothes that aren't too expensive. If you're tired stop at Café Blikle. You'll find a lively environment and a lot of well-known Poles.
It is possible to travel the world and find the same things for sale in every country. But Warsaw is different because its shops are unique (独一无二的)— and they're in Nowy Swiat.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了世界上最繁忙的商业街Nowy wiat。
4．In outsiders' eyes. Nowy wiat is ________.
A．a tourist attraction
B．a perfect place for shoppers
C．not worth visiting
D．no different from any shopping street
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第二段中的There aren't any billboards loud music or many tourists. People think that Polish shops have nothing to sell so tourists don't come shopping here可知，没有去过Nowy wiat的人对它不了解，认为这里没有什么可购买的商品，因此不值得一去。
5．What's so special about the shops in Nowy wiat?
A．They're all hidden in ancient buildings.
B．Everything sold there is very expensive.
C．Most goods sold there are hand-made.
D．They sell goods you can't buy anywhere else.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第三段中的Nowy wiat has a lot of small shops and specialist shops. It hasn't got the huge department stores that sell the same things everywhere可知，Nowy wiat的特色商铺卖的东西只能在这里买到。
6．Where can you most probably meet famous Poles?
A．Cepelia. B．Pantera.
C．Café Blikle. D．Petit Bateau.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的stop at Café Blikle. You'll find... a lot of well-known Poles可知答案。
7．What does the text mainly introduce?
A．The capital city of Poland.
B．The most famous shop in Nowy wiat.
C．The busiest shopping street in the world.
D．The most ancient town house in Warsaw.
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。文章首段即本文的主旨段，旨在介绍世界上最繁忙的商业街Nowy wiat。
Ⅳ.阅读填句
Growth of Car Sharing
Car sharing a membership system for the joint use of cars is growing. __1__ They are increasingly starting to think that parking a car is too expensive and it's difficult to find a parking space in cities and that the cost is also a problem. In addition many people work or go to school on weekdays so they only need a car on the weekend. __2__
The number of car sharing vehicles (车辆) in Japan is 12 373 and the number of members is 465 280. They are increasing every year. __3__ But car sharing can be more convenient than renting a car.
Car sharing is a membership system in which you select a spot near your home or in front of a train station and use a car. __4__ So there's no need to go to a shop for the key and you can easily drive the car you like whenever you want. The users of this service are increasing rapidly.
__5__ Car sharing that's helping to solve the environmental problem of exhaust gas pollution has also started. Electric cars are parked in particular parking lots near stations and transferring by a train to some places is simple. In addition as the car runs on electricity there's no engine noise and it doesn't cause pollution.
A．If you want to use a car you could rent one.
B．Car sharing is easy on the environment too.
C．After you use the car and get out of it the door locks.
D．Your membership card or smartphone works as the car key.
E．Recently it's said young people in Japan are losing interest in cars.
F．Car sharing is a perfect choice for people who only use a car at times.
G．Car owners are also cleverly making car sharing part of their lives too.
【语篇解读】　在日本，一种汽车共享服务正在悄然兴起。本文就此作了简要介绍。
1．答案与解析：E　下一句提到他们日益感到停车贵、停车难，而且养车费用高。E项(最近，据说日本的年轻人对汽车的兴趣正在减弱)引出下文。
2．答案与解析：F　上一句提到许多人只在周末用车。F项(拼车对于那些偶尔用车的人来说是一个完美的选择)总结上文。
3．答案与解析：A　下一句提到但是与租车相比，拼车会更方便些。A项(如果你想用车，你可以去租一辆)与下文联系紧密。
4．答案与解析：D　下一句提到因此没有必要去店里取钥匙。D项(你的会员卡或智能手机就可以充当车钥匙)用在此处符合逻辑关系。
5．答案与解析：B　本段主要介绍了拼车有利于保护环境。B项所述符合本段主旨。
课时作业17　Module 6　Section Ⅱ　Grammar——合成词和冠词
Ⅰ.语法专练
在下列句子空白处填入适当的冠词，无需冠词处划×。
1．The museum is quite far. It will take you half an hour to get there by × bus.
2．Bill likes playing × football but his sister likes playing the violin.
3．She has an orange skirt. The skirt is nice.
4．The woman over there is a popular teacher in our school.
5．We can't see the sun at × night.
6．The Turners live at the end of × Turner Street.
7．The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day.
8．— I've just had a glass of milk for × breakfast.
— That's not enough.
9．It's a pleasure to see the sun rising in the east.
10．I go to × school on foot because my home is near the school.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．At the meeting last month he ________ (come) up with the problem.
答案与解析：came　过去发生的动作。
2．The beauty of the picture ________ (consist) in its balance of colours.
答案与解析：consists　用动词的第三人称单数。
3．All the guests ________ (invite) to the party are his good friends.
答案与解析：invited　过去分词作定语，表被动含义。
4．The ________ (excite) children were shouting and jumping.
答案与解析：excited　excited用于修饰人，exciting用于修饰物。
5．All the photos ________ (take) in the park yesterday have come out well.
答案与解析：taken　过去分词作定语，表被动含义。
6．The ________ (surprise) news spread out all over the town fast.
答案与解析：surprising　surprising用于修饰物，surprised用于修饰人。
7．Many things ________ (consider) impossible in the past are quite common today.
答案与解析：considered　被认为不可能的。
8．They will go to the place ________ (hope) to find the secret plant.
答案与解析：hoping　现在分词作伴随状语。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
For most of us school means classes teachers schedules grades and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts school is very different.
Firstly there are no lessons. All the children aged between 4 and 19 do whatever they want. There are no teachers — only “staff members”. The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn because children want to learn anyway. “You do not need to say to a three-year-old child ‘Go explore your environment.’ You can't stop him！” says Daniel Greenberg a founder of the school. “But if you make children do what you want all day they will lose all tastes for learning.” At Sudbury Valley School you will permit children to talk read paint cook work on computers study French play the piano climb trees or just run around. Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules. Every week there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each — even the four-year-olds. They decide the school rules how to spend the school budget and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
When the school first opened in 1968 people said it would never work. But today the school has 200 students and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today. One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
【语篇解读】　 对大多数人而言，学校意味着班级、老师、课程表、分数和考试，但对瑟谷学校的学生来讲，学校却完全是另外一回事。
1．What is the main topic of the article?
A．An unusual school. B．Children's hobbies.
C．A school without rules. D．Education in the US.
答案与解析：A'主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了瑟谷学校不同寻常的几个方面：学生不用上课，可以进行爬树、烹饪、钓鱼等活动，可以随心所欲地干自己想干的事，可以参与学校制度的制定。这样的学校确实罕见。
2．What does the school believe?
A．Teachers cannot teach children well.
B．Children will learn best when they do what they want to do.
C．Learning is for adults — children should only play.
D．Children should only learn about one thing at a time.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。从第二段中的“But if you make children do what you want all day they will lose all tastes for learning”可知，校方认为被动学习只会让学生失去兴趣，让学生做自己想做的事他们才会学得最好。
3．Who has the most power in the school meetings?
A．The older children have more power than the younger children.
B．A child has more power than an adult.
C．The younger children have more power than the older children.
D．Everybody has equal power.
答案与解析：D'细节理解题。从倒数第二段第二句可知，无论学生和员工都有投票权，不分长幼，故D项切题。
4．What happens to the children after they leave this school?
A．They do all things in different ways.
B．They have difficulty getting into college or getting a job.
C．Most of them have a promising future.
D．They are not successful.
答案与解析：C'推理判断题。从最后一段可知，目前该学校80%的学生都上了大学，甚至当初只知道钓鱼的学生也获得了成功。故C项切题。
Ⅳ.完形填空
On June 17 2012 my daughter gave me a new wallet as a Father's Day present. It was a perfect gift considering that my wallet used for nearly a decade was much __1__. I took the opportunity as well to __2__ some cards notes or small pieces of paper in it which were no longer needed. As I __3__ out the old wallet I was amazed at how much it __4__. Carefully I went through its __5__ piece by piece and __6__ them to their new home. As I was looking at them I __7__ the organ donor card(器官捐赠卡) that I had signed nine years ago. __8__， it hadn't yet been called into use. Still it felt good knowing that __9__ something should happen to me I would be able to give another person a second chance of __10__.
As I __11__ the card into my new wallet I started thinking about all the __12__ things we can donate to help others today. We can donate our time our talents or our wisdom. We can __13__ our kindness. We can __14__ our light into the darkness. We can donate every bit of love and joy inside of us. And the greatest thing of all is that when we do we __15__ that we have even more to share than when we start.
Maybe you wish to __16__ an organ donor card so you can give something after you __17__. But don't be afraid to give something now while you are still __18__. Be a donor. Make your entire life a(n) __19__ to others. Donate all your __20__ things to make this world a better and brighter place.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的亲身经历告诉我们一个道理：人们在活着时也可以捐出美好的东西，让这个世界成为一个更美好、更光明的地方。
1．A.vivid B．small
C．worn D．expensive
答案与解析：C'本题考查形容词辨析。考虑到“我”用了将近十年的钱包非常旧了，这是一个完美的礼物。worn用旧的，符合语境。故选C。
2．A.keep back B．put aside
C．set aside D．throw away
答案与解析：D'本题考查动词词组辨析。“我”也利用这个机会扔掉(throw away)旧钱包中不需要的物件。故选D。
3．A.emptied B．sorted
C．wiped D．handed
答案与解析：A'本题考查动词辨析。当“我”把旧钱包里的东西都掏出来时，“我”惊讶于旧钱包居然能装那么多东西。故选A。
4．A.held B．calculated
C．owned D．sold
答案与解析：A'本题考查动词辨析。参见上题解析。hold容纳，符合语境。故选A。
5．A.papers B．contents
C．pockets D．belongings
答案与解析：B'本题考查名词辨析。“我”仔细地检查旧钱包中的小物件，并把它们移到新钱包里。contents所容纳之物，符合语境。故选B。
6．A.attached B．moved
C．fixed D．contributed
答案与解析：B'本题考查动词辨析。参见上题解析。move移动，符合语境。故选B。
7．A.brought about B．got through
C．went over D．came across
答案与解析：D'本题考查动词词组辨析。当“我”查看钱包中的小物件时，“我”偶然发现(came across)了九年前签的器官捐赠卡。故选D。
8．A.Thankfully B．Unexpectedly
C．Regretfully D．Unfortunately
答案与解析：A　本题考查副词辨析。幸好，它还没被用过。thankfully幸好，符合语境。故选A。
9．A.unless B．though
C．if D．since
答案与解析：C　本题考查连词。如果(if)“我”有什么不测，“我”可以给另一个人第二次生命(life)，这让“我”感觉很好。故选C。
10．A.life B．will
C．risk D．length
答案与解析：A　本题考查名词辨析。参见上题解析。故选A。
11．A.dipped B．placed
C．pushed D．turned
答案与解析：B　本题考查动词辨析。当“我”把卡放入新钱包时，“我”开始思考今天我们可以捐献给别人以帮助他们的其他的(other)一切东西。place放置，符合语境。故选B。
12．A.other B．spare
C．vital D．leftover
答案与解析：A　本题考查形容词辨析。参见上题解析。故选A。
13．A.perform B．afford
C．give D．cast
答案与解析：C　本题考查动词辨析。我们可以捐出我们的时间、才能或智慧。我们可以给予善良。give给予，符合语境。故选C。
14．A.seek B．identify
C．explore D．shine
答案与解析：D'本题考查动词辨析。我们可以用我们的光照亮黑暗(的地方)。shine照耀，把……照向，符合语境。故选D。
15．A.guarantee B．predict
C．find D．stress
答案与解析：C'本题考查动词辨析。最重要的是，当我们这么做的时候，我们会发现(find)与开始的时候相比，我们有更多的东西可以与别人分享。故选C。
16．A.purchase B．sign
C．make D．write
答案与解析：B'本题考查动词辨析。也许你想要签(sign)一张器官捐赠卡，这样你死(die)后就可以捐献某些东西。第一段中的“the organ donor card(器官捐赠卡) that I had signed nine years ago”也是提示。故选B。
17．A.agree B．die
C．return D．retire
答案与解析：B'本题考查动词辨析。参见上题解析。故选B。
18．A.elegant B．faithful
C．alive D．reliable
答案与解析：C'本题考查形容词辨析。但是现在在你活着的时候也不要害怕捐赠物品帮助他人。alive活着，符合语境。故选C。
19．A.target B．load
C．award D．gift
答案与解析：D'本题考查名词辨析。做一个捐赠者。让你的整个一生对别人来说是一个礼物。gift礼物，与文章开头女儿给“我”的礼物相呼应。故选D。
20．A.awesome B．plain
C．dreadful D．wonderful
答案与解析：D'本题考查形容词辨析。捐出你所有美好的东西，让这个世界成为一个更美好、更光明的地方。wonderful令人高兴的，绝妙的，符合语境。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Saturday sfternoon I went to the supermarket to meet my friend Sammy. We planned to meet at 3：00 pm. As I arrived 15 minutes 1.________(early) I decided to have a snack and a drink. I went to a new cafe 2.________(call) The Metro. It was a little expensive and I just got a soda. It was really crowded 3.________ I found a table and sat down.
Then a guy came over and sat opposite me. He had a cup of coffee and a sandwich. He drank 4.________coffee and ate half of the sandwich and then he left. I was so hungry 5.________ I ate the other half 6.________， I thought was obviously leftover. Then a few minutes later he came back. He was on his cell phone so I didn't give an 7.________(explain) about the sandwich. I just left feeling very 8.________(embarrass)．
But things got worse. I met my friend Sammy later and she said that her cousin Josh 9.________(wait) for us in The Metro. And yes it was the same guy. Oh my Gosh! I wish I could slide (悄悄地溜到) 10.________ the ground.
【语篇解读】　作者讲述了自己在咖啡馆的一次尴尬经历。
1．答案与解析：earlier'考查副词的比较级。此处指作者比约定的时间早来了15分钟，所以用比较级。故填earlier。
2．答案与解析：called'考查非谓语动词。此处指“被叫作The Metro的咖啡馆”，用过去分词作定语。故填called。
3．答案与解析：but'考查连词。句意：咖啡馆里很拥挤，但是我还是找到了一张空桌，坐了下来。故填but。
4．答案与解析：the'考查冠词。此处特指那位顾客买的咖啡。故填定冠词the。
5．答案与解析：that'考查固定结构。“so... that...”结构引导结果状语从句。
6．答案与解析：which'考查关系词。空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the other half”，且所填词在从句中作主语。故填which。
7．答案与解析：explanation'考查名词。此处指“作出解释”。故用名词作宾语。故填explanation。
8．答案与解析：embarrassed'考查形容词。此处表示感到很尴尬。故填embarrassed。
9．答案与解析：was waiting'考查时态。此处指“Josh正在等待我们”，且文章讲述过去的事情，故用过去进行时态，主语是单数。故填was waiting。
10．答案与解析：into'考查介词。此处指“钻进地缝”。故填into。
课时作业18　Module 6　Section Ⅲ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is said that the war lasted for 10 years.
2．Every season there are many visitors in this city especially in summer.
3．You are required to shorten the article within 160 words.
4．Mr. Smith asked us to finish our homework independently at weekend.
5．We think there are advantages and disadvantages of having a mobile phone.
6．In China the percentage (百分比) of the people who carry a mobile phone is increasing.
7．The average (平均) time the teachers in countryside middle schools spend in teaching is more than 11 hours a day.
8．Don't hesitate (犹豫) to ask us for help.
9．Sandstorms are frequent (频繁的) in the spring of Beijing which does great harm to the environment.
10．I'd like to have a digital (数字的) camera.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He didn't speak for long but he spoke very much to the point.
2．They want to shorten (short) the time it takes to make the car.
3．It happened frequently (frequent) in countries where sanitation (卫生设备) was poor.
4．Compared (compare) with other cities in China in my view Hangzhou is the most beautiful city.
5．What has been reported on TV does not quite agree with the fact.
6．—Where are you Mary?
—I am in the study writing (write) to my penfriend in Beijing.
7．We agreed on making an early start.
8．His words don't agree with his action.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
There's nothing like Christmas in New York City. Among hundreds of traditions. one of the most beloved is the Metropolitan Museum of Art's famous Christmas tree. People from around the world visit the Met daily and are impressed by the 20-foot tree and its special decorations.
Instead of the usual decorations beautiful angels(天使) and candles hang from the tree. At the base are lifelike handmade figures of townspeople of Bethlehem doing their daily tasks as well as animals. The room is warmly lit and there're beautiful Christmas songs softly playing creating a feeling of calm that is really hard to find during Christmas.
Jasmin an Australian student studying in the United States says that the tree is “wonderful because you don't often see trees like this.” And she says that her “favorite part of the tree is the beautiful angels.”
The tree has a rich history behind it. The decorations and figures were gifted to the museum by collector Loretta Hines Howard. More than 200 eighteenth-century figures were given to the Museum starting in 1964 and they have been displayed(展览) each holiday season with a Christmas tree. Each year new angels and figures are added to the collection and display.
If you want to fully experience the beauty of the figures you'll need to get close to the tree most easily done when there aren't many visitors surrounding(围绕) it so try to visit early in the day or on a weekday if possible. Each year they change how the figures are placed and with so many beautiful pieces in the collection it's easy to find something new to examine.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了在纽约大都会艺术博物馆展出的著名的圣诞树。
1．What is special about the Christmas tree in the Metropolitan Museum of Art?
A．It has a long history.
B．It welcomes visitors all year round.
C．It is displayed with special figures.
D．It is the highest Christmas tree in New York.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第一段中的its special decorations和第二段中的Instead of the usual decorations，... At the base are lifelike handmade figures... animals可知，这棵圣诞树底部周围有一些特殊的塑像，这使得它与众不同。
2．How do visitors probably feel when entering the display room?
A．Warm. B．Lucky.
C．Peaceful. D．Satisfied.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第二段中的The room is warmly lit... calm可知，展览室有温暖的灯光和柔和的圣诞颂歌，给人一种平静的感觉。
3．What can we infer about the figures?
A．They grow each year in number.
B．They were made by Loretta Hines Howard.
C．They show people' s life in the 20th century.
D．They are especially popular among young people.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的Each year new angels... collection and display可知，每年都有新的天使和塑像加入到展览当中，因此，塑像的数量逐年增加。
4．Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A．Christmas in New York
B．Meet the magical Christmas tree
C．The Metropolitan Museum of Art
D．The perfect place to spend your Christmas
答案与解析：B　标题归纳题。文章介绍了一棵著名的圣诞树，包括其地理位置、形态特征、特殊之处等。故B项最能概括文章大意。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I have suffered from depression (抑郁症) from a young age and it heavily influenced my teenage years. After a long struggle (斗争) I found __1__ and it changed my life.
My depression really started after my family __2__ to the UK when I was about eleven years old. Getting used to life in a foreign country was very __3__. Friends I knew were gone and the change in environment school and family life __4__ my depression. I had a lot of __5__ in life. This made it feel impossible for me to __6__. For years I woke up a lot in the middle of the nights __7__ and unable to deal with my depression.
At the time I didn't understand it was a(n) __8__. I remember one day I was coming back home after playing in the park I couldn't __9__ strength (力气) to get myself home. I leaned (倚靠) against a wall and __10__. It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders. I never really turned to anyone either __11__ I felt there wasn't anyone who could help with my __12__. Looking back now I know I was __13__ and I could have dealt with things better.
What turned around my life was __14__ street dancing.
I was encouraged by a friend and I __15__ taking classes at a studio (练功房) in London. I then went out and __16__ a lot of other dancers to practice and train with. It gave me a __17__， and the happiness I got from it helped me __18__ my depression. The dancing helped change my life and my studies.
My __19__ to anyone who might go through something like this is reach out for help. __20__ myself up means that I can get help when I need it. My friends have offered me their support when I need someone to talk with.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者十一岁时跟随父母移居到英国。环境、生活的突然改变让作者变得抑郁，生活受到了很大的影响。后来，在朋友的鼓励下，作者开始跳舞，开始与人交往。渐渐地作者从抑郁中走了出来。这段经历使作者明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，善于敞开心扉，向他人求助。
1．A.work B．dance
C．love D．music
答案与解析：B　由下文中的street dancing以及The dancing helped change my life and my studies可知，“我”发现了“舞蹈(dance)”，它改变了我的生活。
2．A.traveled B．drove
C．moved D．rushed
答案与解析：C　由下文中的Getting used to life in a foreign country以及Friends I knew were gone... school and family life可知，此处表示“我”十一岁时，家人“移居(moved)”到英国。
3．A.difficult B．exciting
C．boring D．easy
答案与解析：A　由下文中的Friends I knew were gone... school and family life可知，适应外国的生活很“难(difficult)”。
4．A.treated B．caused
C．stopped D．hid
答案与解析：B　由上文中的My depression really started after... eleven years old以及下文中的unable to deal with my depression可知，环境、学习以及家庭生活的改变让“我”变得抑郁，故填caused。cause意为“引起”。
5．A.interests B．choices
C．surprises D．troubles
答案：D
6．A.give in B．show up
C．carry on D．stand out
答案与解析：C　由Friends I knew were gone... the change in environment school and family life以及下文中的impossible可知，“我”在生活中碰到了许多“困难(troubles)”，让“我”感到无法“坚持(carry on)”下去。
7．A.sad B．pleased
C．comfortable D．surprised
答案与解析：A　由unable to deal with depression可知，“我”无数个夜晚醒来，感到很“难过(sad)”。
8．A.failure B．exercise
C．fear D．illness
答案与解析：D　由下文中的strength以及leaned against a wall可知，作者不知道抑郁是一种“疾病(illness)”，让人浑身无力。
9．A.lose B．increase
C．find D．test
答案：C
10．A.showed off B．got off
C．turned down D．fell down
答案与解析：D　由文中的I leaned against a wall及It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders可知，“我”感到“浑身无力(couldn't find strength)”，回不了家，“我”靠在墙上，“倒了下去(fell down)”。
11．A.as B．but
C．unless D．though
答案：A
12．A.studies B．situation
C．research D．stories
答案：B
13．A.wrong B．strange
C．smart D．fine
答案与解析：A　由上文中的I never really turned to anyone either以及下文中的 I could have dealt with things better可知，“我”没有向任何人求助，“因为(as)”“我”认为没有人能帮助“我”走出这个“困境(situation)”。现在回过头来看，“我”知道自己“错了(wrong)”，“我”本来能够把事情处理得更好。
14．A.giving up B．watching
C．getting into D．teaching
答案与解析：C　由下文中的taking classes at a studio in London以及The dancing helped change my life and my studies可知，“我”的生活发生转变是因为“开始(getting into)”跳街舞。
15．A.started B．continued
C．regretted D．suggested
答案：A
16．A.called B．allowed
C．expected D．met
答案与解析：D　由I then went out... a lot of other dancers to practice and train with可知，在一位朋友的鼓励下，“我”“开始(started)”上舞蹈课，“认识了(met)”其他跳舞的人，和他们一起练习舞蹈。
17．A.lesson B．purpose
C．reason D．feeling
答案：B
18．A.manage B．develop
C．experience D．know
答案与解析：A　由I then went out... a lot of other dancers to practice and train with以及The dancing helped change my life and my studies可知，“我”找到了生活的“意义(purpose)”，从跳舞中获得的幸福感帮助“我”“克服了(manage)”抑郁。
19．A.promise B．support
C．reply D．advice
答案与解析：D　结合全文可知，作者的经历使他明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，向他人求助。这也是他想给面对同样问题的人们的一个“建议(advice)”。
20．A.Holding B．Picking
C．Opening D．Warming
答案与解析：C　由上文中的reach out for help以及下文中的I need someone to talk with可知，此处指作者向他人“敞开(Opening)”心扉，得到了想要的帮助。
Ⅴ.七选五
Once there was a very poor villager. He found it difficult even to support his family. __1__ He kept walking in the street but he did not get a job. One day he met a rich businessman who gave him the job of cleaning the office. The villager began his work and he even started reading and writing in his spare time.
One day the businessman saw that the villager was writing something. He said，“You can also read and write! Your handwriting is very good.” __2__ The villager began to do this job as best as he could.
Later the businessman learnt that the villager was good at accounting and he made him his shop accountant. The other accountants were very jealous of the villager's abilities. They told the businessman that the villager had a small room where he hid the money stolen from him. __3__
One day they had their chance. They saw the villager going into that room. __4__ When they came back and opened the door there was nothing in that room except an ordinary box.
The villager was ordered to open the box with his own hands. And there was only a pair of dirty shoes and some old clothes. __5__ At the same time he was so angry with the jealous accountants that he fired them at once. The villager was made the only accountant for his office.
A．He went to a big city hoping to find a job.
B．They closed the door behind him and ran to the businessman.
C．So the businessman decided to give the villager a good lesson.
D．The businessman was moved by what he had seen.
E．So the villager was given the work of writing business letters for him.
F．The villager wished that some kind people might give him a good job.
G．But the businessman refused to believe them unless he had seen it with his own eyes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了一位难以维持生计的村民到大城市找到了一份会计工作，但却遭到了同行的嫉妒，诬陷他在一个小房间里藏了从富商那里偷来的钱而富商最终发现了村民清白的故事。
1．答案与解析：A　承接上一句“他发现养家都很难”，所以他去了一个大城市希望能找一份工作。后一句“他在街上走来走去但找不到工作”也与A项衔接。
2．答案与解析：E　空前说“你既能读也能写，你的字写得非常好看”，空后说“这位村民尽力做好这份工作”，由此可知E项符合语境。
3．答案与解析：G　前一句说“他们告诉商人，这个村民有一个小房间，他把从商人那里偷来的钱藏在那儿”，故G项“但是商人除非自己亲眼看到，否则不相信他们的话”符合语境，前后表示转折。
4．答案与解析：B　空前说“他们看到这个村民走进了那个小房间”，空后说“当他们回来打开门时，除了一个普通的盒子，什么也没有看到”，故B项“他们把门关上，跑向商人”符合语境。
5．答案与解析：D　空前说“箱子中只有一双脏鞋子和一些旧衣服”，故D项“看到这些东西，商人感动了”符合语境。