人教版必修1 Unit 2　English around the world（课件+教案）

Unit 2　English around the world
英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，那么它是怎样成为世界性语言的呢？让我们一起来看看下文吧！
English is a language spoken all around the world. There are more than 42 countries where most people speak English. In total (总计), for more than 375 million people, English is their mother tongue. An equal (相同的) number of people learn English as a second language. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the language of the government, schools, newspapers and TV is English. This situation is found in countries such as India，Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines.
However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.
English is the working language of most international organizations, international trade (贸易) and tourism. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the language of global (全球的) culture, such as popular music and the Internet. You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.
短文注释：
1．more than　 超过，多于
2．mother tongue 母语
3．the number of ……的数量
4．except for 除了
5．Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese.
很多来中国的生意人和游客都不会说英语。
Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
重点单词
写作词汇
1.official adj.　　　　　　　　　　官方的
2．voyage n. 航行，航海
3．native adj. 本国的；本地的
n. 本地人；本国人
4．apartment n. (美)公寓住宅；单元住宅
5．vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表
6．spelling n. 拼写；拼法
拓展词汇
1.base vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的
2．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
3．enrich vt.使富裕；充实；改善→rich adj.富有的
4．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最近的；最新的→later adj.后期的→lately adv.近来；最近→late adj.迟的；晚的
5．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅
6．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地
阅读词汇
1.subway n．　　　　　　　　　　　地铁
2．elevator n. 电梯；升降机
3．petrol n. 汽油
4．gas n. 汽油
5．identity n. 本身；本体；身份
重点短语
1.because_of　　　　　　　　　　　　　因为；由于
2．come_up 走近；上来；提出
3．at_present 现在；目前
4．make_use_of 利用；使用
5．such_as 例如……；像这种的
6．be_based_on 以……为基础
7．communicate_with 交际，交流
8．a_number_of 许多
重点句型
1.why not do...提建议句式
Why_not_go_by_underground?
何不乘地铁呢？
2．even if/though引导让步状语从句
Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English.
以英语为母语的人可以理解彼此，即使他们不说同一种英语。
3．more... than...与其……不如……
He is more_lucky_than_clever.
与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。
4．the number of...作主语
Today the_number_of_people learning English is increasing rapidly.
当今社会，学英语的人的数量在快速地增加。
“旅行”名词家族
①voyage　 　 　航行；航海
②tour (观光)旅行
③travel 旅行
④journey (长途)旅行
⑤trip (短途)旅行；
外出
⑥outing 远足
en-前缀和-en后缀改变词性
①rich→v. enrich　　使富裕
②able→v. enable 使能够
③large→v. enlarge 使扩大
④sure→v. ensure 确保；担保
⑤short→v. shorten 缩短；使变短,

“因为；由于”荟萃
①because of　　　　因为；由于
②thanks to 多亏；由于
③owing to 由于
④as a result of... 因为……的结果
“make＋n. ＋prep.”短语荟萃
①make use of 使用；利用
②make the most/best of 充分利用
③make way for 为……让路
④make a fool of 愚弄；欺骗
Step One：Warming up
1．How much do you know about English?
(1)It_is_the_official_language_of_many_countries,_such_as_America,_the_UK,_Canada_and_so_on.
(2)It_has_a_long_history.
(3)There_are_mainly_two_kinds_of_English:_American_English_and_British_English.
(4)Many_Chinese_are_learning_English.
2．Do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world?
Step Two：Fast reading
Skim the text and choose the best answers.
1．What's the main idea of the text?
A．How to learn English well?
B．The history of the English language.
C．The differences between old English and modern English.
D．English is widely used all over the world.
答案：B
2．Match the main idea of each paragraph.
(1)Paragraph 1　A．the example of the difference between different native English speakers
(2)Paragraph 2－4 B．wide use of English
(3)Paragraph 5 C．English is a language spoken all around the world
(4)Paragraph 6 D．why English has changed over time
(5)Paragraph 7 E．English was settled
答案：BADEC
Step Three：Careful reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．At the end of 16th century, about ________ people spoke English.
A．five to six million　　　　　B．five to seven million
C．six to seven million D．seven to eight million
答案：B
2．If people speak different kinds of English, they ________.
A．can't communicate with each other
B．can only be understood by those who speak the same kind of English
C．can't be understood by foreigners
D．can understand each other
答案：D
3．Why do more people speak English?
A．Because it is an international language.
B．Because it has the largest number of speakers.
C．Because it is easy to learn.
D．Because it always stays the same.
答案：A
4．Which country may have the largest number of English learners in the world?
A．Australia. B．China.
C．India. D．Britain.
答案：B
Step Four：Explain difficult sentences
1．Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
[句式分析]
本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，Later in the next century为时间状语，动词不定式短语to conquer other parts of the world 为目的状语；在第二个分句中介宾短语because of that为原因状语。
[尝试翻译]后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。
2．At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。
3．Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人开始讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。
Reading
THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH
At the end of① the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages② to conquer③ other parts of the world 【1】and because of④ that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today，more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
【1】动词不定式短语to conquer other parts of the world为目的状语。
Native⑤ English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English【2】. Look at this example：
【2】even if在此引导让步状语从句。
British Betty：Would you like to see my flat⑥？
American Amy：Yes. I'd like to come up⑦ to your apartment⑧.
So why has English changed over time⑨？ Actually⑩ all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other 【3】. At first? the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150【4】 was very different from the English spoken today.
It was based? more on German than the English we speak at present?【5】. Then gradually? between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled? England spoke first Danish and later French. 【6】 These new settlers? enriched? the English language and especially its vocabulary?. So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of? a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.
【3】when引导时间状语从句，从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词meet和communicate。
【4】过去分词短语spoken... and 1150作后置定语，修饰the English。
【5】we speak at present为省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the English，关系词在从句中作宾语，故可省略。
【6】because引导原因状语从句，从句中who ruled England为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled?. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China 【7】 is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
【7】现在分词短语learning English in China作后置定语，修饰people，该短语可转换为定语从句who are learning English in China。
通向现代英语之路
16世纪末，大约有500万到700万人说英语。他们几乎都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区；于是，许多其他国家开始说英语。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。请看这个例子：
英国人贝蒂：你要去看看我的公寓吗？
美国人艾米：好的，我很乐意到你的公寓去。
那么，随着时间的推移，英语为什么会变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展的。起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与他们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到公元1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人起初讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。这些新的移民丰富了英语这门语言，尤其是英语词汇。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。1620年，一些英国移民到了美洲。后来在18世纪，也有一些英国人被带到了澳大利亚。(于是)这两个国家的人开始说英语。
最后到19世纪，这种语言定型了。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。
如今英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来使用。例如，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，因为英国在1765年到1947年间统治着印度。在那期间，英语成了政府使用的语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家(如南非)，人们也说英语。如今，在中国，学英语的人的数量在迅速增多。事实上，中国或许是世界上英语学习者最多的国家。中国式英语会形成自己的特征吗？这个问题只能由时间来回答了。
[词语积累]
①at the end of在……结束时；在……尽头
②voyage/'v???d?/n. 航行；航海
③conquer/'k??k?/vt.征服；占领
④because of因为；由于
⑤native/'ne?t?v/adj. 本国的；本地的　n. 本地人；本国人
⑥flat/fl?t/n.(英)公寓， 单元房
⑦come up走近；上来；提出
⑧apartment/?'pɑ?tm?nt/n. (美)公寓住宅；单元住宅
⑨over time随着时间的推移
⑩actually/'?kt???l?/adv.实际上；事实上
?at first起先，起初
?base/be?s/vt.以……为根据　n．基部；基地；基础
?at present现在；目前
?gradually/'ɡr?d???l?/adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
gradual/'ɡr?d???l/adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
?rule vt.统治　n．规则
?settler/'setl?(r)/n. 移民
?enrich/?n'r?t?/vt.充实；使富裕；改善
?vocabulary/v?'k?bj?l?r?/n. 词汇；词汇量；词表
?make use of利用；使用
?settle v. 确定；解决；定居
spelling/'spel??/n. 拼写；拼法
latter/'l?t?/adj. 较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的
the former... the latter...前者……后者……
separate/'sepr?t/adj.不同的，单独的
identity/a?'dent?t?/n. 本身；本体；身份
identity card身份证
fluent/'flu??nt/adj. 流利的；流畅的
be fluent in在……方面流利
fluently/'flu??ntl?/adv.流利地；流畅地
such as例如……；像这种的
the number of...……的数量/数目
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
对美国人来说，让单词拼写变得简单的是一位叫诺厄·韦伯斯特的人，他因其所著的《美国英语词典》而为人所知。该词典于1828年首次出版。它引进了许多新的美式英语单词，并且带有它们的发音、用法和新的拼法。英国人批评这本词典，但它很快成了美国的标准参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典仍是美国学生的首选词典。
课时作业(五)　Unit 2　Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
English has surely become the global language. Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere, people are being interviewed (采访) and telling us about it in English.
If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, many would be surprised. English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi-official language. English is the working language of many international institutes (研究所) as well as of most international research scientists. It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn. It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are now learning English.
One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language. English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark. If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.
Recently, a report said that at the beginning of 2001, English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it. The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English, Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers. What's more, English is the language rated as most useful to know and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.
【语篇解读】　英语是当代国际交往中使用最广泛的语言，它已经成为全球性的语言。
1．By writing this passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us ________.
A．why so many people speak English around the world
B．that English has become a language spoken all over the world
C．about the development of English in Europe
D．something about the English-speaking countries
答案与解析：B　写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“English has surely become the global language.”以及后文的具体描述，可知答案选B。
2．The writer mentions all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A．Asia　 B．Europe
C．Africa D．America
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。第一段中的“in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere”提到了亚洲和非洲；第三段和第四段作者又提到了欧洲，故答案选D。
3．According to the passage, what has played an important role in spreading English around the world?
A．That governments have asked their people to learn it in school.
B．That English is the most beautiful language in the world.
C．That Europeans are willing to accept English as their language.
D．That people have to use English in their work.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the most important causes... is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.”可知C项正确。
4．What does the underlined word “rated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Stood. B．Agreed.
C．Considered. D．Argued.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据语境以及第四段的“consider it useful”可知rated在这里意为“认为，看作”。
B
Everyone knows about New Year's Eve and Independence Day. But did you know that there are enough holidays to fill every day of the year? Here are just a few we found interesting.
World Hello Day
To celebrate this day, say hello to at least ten different people. World Hello Day began in the autumn of 1973, shortly after the end of a war in the Middle East. Brian and Michael McCormack of Omaha. Nebraska, wondered what they could do to encourage world peace. They felt the best way was by getting people to talk with one another.
The McCormacks sent letters to the leaders of every country in the world about the first World Hello Day. They wrote the letters in as many different languages as they could. Officials wrote back from sixteen countries and encouraged Brian and Michael to make World Hello Day a yearly event. The holiday has been held on the third Sunday of November every year since. The McCormacks have received letters from many famous people congratulating them for their efforts.
International Day of the Seal (海豹)
March 22 is the official International Day of the Seal. But the National Zoological Park in Washington, D．C., and many other zoos and research centers around the world celebrate this holiday on the third weekend of March. The holiday was created to tell people about the dangers seals face from pollution and fishing nets.
At the National Zoological Park, you can find out how seals live and ways to help protect their habitats (栖息地)．
Do it! Day
Are you a procrastinator? Here's a day to finish all those things you've been meaning to do. Do It! Day is celebrated on the first Wednesday in September. “The whole idea is to feel good about getting things done，” says the founder of Do It! Day, Ethel Cook. She came up with the idea as part of her work helping businesses get organized. Cook hopes everyone will turn their Do Its into Did Its.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有趣的节日。
5．World Hello Day was set to ________.
A．create peace worldwide
B．stop the war in the Middle East
C．encourage foreign language learning
D．spread knowledge about different countries
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据World Hello Day中的“Brian and Michael McCormack of Omaha, Nebraska, wondered what they could do to encourage world peace.”可知，世界问候日设立的初衷就是为了促进世界和平。
6．How did the McCormacks advertise World Hello Day?
A．By reporting it on TV.
B．By meeting famous people.
C．By publishing it in the newspapers.
D．By writing letters to world leaders.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据World Hello Day中的“The McCormacks sent letters to the leaders of every country in the world about the first World Hello Day.”可知，McCormacks兄弟通过给各国领导人写信来宣传、推广世界问候日。
7．When does the National Zoological Park celebrate the International Day of the Seal?
A．On March 22.
B．On the third weekend of March.
C．On the third Sunday of November.
D．On the first Wednesday in September.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据International Day of the Seal中的“But the National Zoological Park... celebrate this holiday on the third weekend of March.”可知应选B项。
8．The underlined word “procrastinator” in the last paragraph refers to a person who ________.
A．cleans up things quickly
B．puts off things until later
C．always comes up with good ideas
D．feels good about getting things done
答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据Do it! Day中的“Here's a day to finish all those things you've been meaning to do.”可知，行动日就是让有拖延症的人赶紧完成他们未完成的事情，故procrastinator指“做事拖延的人”。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
We all know it is not always so easy to be happy. We also know how stressed (有压力的) you are, with homework, exams, sports meets and extra outdoor activities, let alone trying to have a life outside school.__1__
Exercise
Physical activity produces all sorts of things which help us to relax and feel good. Exercise can also make us feel more confident (自信的), which certainly makes us happier. You don't have to be a future Olympian. __2__ If you hate PE, find something less competitive: go for a walk, dance around your room or hit a park.
Thankfulness
It's easy to take the good things in life without thinking about them or showing you're thankful. __3__ An easy way to do this is to make a list before bed of five things you're thankful for. They can be big things, like your family and friends, or little things, like a good hair day.
Laugh
__4__ But research has shown that a good laugh reduces (减少) stress and, even if you start by forcing yourself to laugh, improves how you feel.
Sleep
Get enough ZZZs. __5__ Not getting enough sleep makes you angry and sad, so leave your phone outside your room, turn off the lights and let yourself have a good sleep. Sweet dreams!
A．Teens especially need at least eight hours.
B．If you're feeling blue, know that you're not alone.
C．You can increase happiness if you exercise with a friend.
D．So here are our top tips on being happy and staying happy.
E．Everyone can get something good from moving a little bit.
F．But studies have shown that giving thanks can make you happier.
G．Some days, laughing is just about the last thing you feel like doing.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几种使自己快乐的方法。
1．D　该空前提出快乐不易，再结合下文的四种方法可知，D项内容在此承上启下。
2．E　E项中的get something good和上文中的“help us to relax and feel good, make us feel more confident”相呼应；“moving a little bit”和下文中的“go for a walk, dance around your room or hit a park”相呼应。
3．F　根据该段小标题Thankfulness和下文中的“make a list before bed of five things you're thankful for”可知，经常表达谢意会使人更加快乐。该空后的this指代F项中的“giving thanks”。
4．G　根据该段谈论的中心词laugh和下一句中的转折连词But可知，G项内容符合此处语境。
5．A　根据该段小标题Sleep和下一句中的“Not getting enough sleep makes you angry and sad”可知，此处指年轻人需要至少8个小时的睡眠。
课件43张PPT。Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
?第一板块|重点单词
1．(教材P9)Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。
　?because of因为；由于
[易混辨析]
because of
是介词短语，表示原因，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句，在句中作状语
because
是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，表示主句的根本原因
They have decided to buy an apartment in the city because of their child's education.
由于孩子的教育，他们已决定在城里买一套公寓。
Point ?
一句多译
由于下大雨，运动会不得不延期举行。
①The sports meeting had to be put off because_of the heavy rain.
②The sports meeting had to be put off because it rained heavily.
2．(教材P10)Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
　?native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
(1)be native to　　　　　　　　　　　　原产于
one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语
(2)be a native of... ……的人；原产于……的
动物或植物
As a matter of fact, French is not my native language.
事实上，法语不是我的母语。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①Is her uncle a native of Shanghai, or just a visitor?
②The researcher says the tiger is native to India.
漫画助记
The kangaroo is a native of Australia.
袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种土生动物。
3．(教材P10)I'd like to come up to your apartment.
我很乐意到你的公寓去。
　?come up 走近；上来；被提出；发生；发芽；(太阳、月亮等)升起
一词多义——写出下列句中come up的含义
①A college student came up to the old man to help him.
走近
②In order to finish the task on time, a good piece of advice came up at the meeting.
被提出
③When the sun came up，the heavy fog disappeared gradually.
升起
④I'll let him know if anything comes up.
发生
⑤The flowers are just beginning to come up.发芽；破土而出
Point ?
语境填词
Yesterday when walking in the street, I came across Li Hua. He told me his experiment on the drug came along very successfully and his paper would come out. It was predicted that the number of people who could benefit from his research would come to,_1,000,000 a year.
昨天走在街上，我遇到了李华。他说他的药品实验进展得很成功，而且他的论文要发表了。据预测每年将有总计一百万人从他的研究中受益。
4.(教材P10)Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.
事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。
　?actually adv.实际上；事实上

It seemed as if they fell in love with each other, but actually she disliked him.
看上去他们相爱了，但事实上，她不喜欢他。
Point ?
一句多译
事实上，我不知道事情的真相。
①Actually,_I don't know the truth.
②As_a_matter_of_fact/In_fact,_I don't know the truth.
5．(教材P10)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
　?base vt.以……为根据/基础；基于 n．基部；基地；基础
(1)base... on...　　　　　　　　　　以……为……的基础
be based on/upon... 以……为基础/依据
(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
①One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
②In my diary, I set down a series of things that are all based on facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
?at present 现在；目前
(1)present adj.　　　　　　　　　　　目前的；现在的；出席的
n. 现在；礼物
(2)at the present time 目前；现在
for the present 目前；暂时
be present at 出席
①I'm getting along well with my new classmates at present.
目前，我与我的新同学相处愉快。
②He doesn't know how to deal with the difficult situation for the present.
暂时他不知道该怎样应对困难的局势。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①Success is_based (base) on diligence.
②They have to have a basic (base) understanding of computers in their work.
2．单句写作
All the people present_at_the_meeting were moved by his story.
所有出席会议的人都被他的故事打动。
6．(教材P10)So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
　?make use of 利用；使用
make good use of　　　　　　　　　　好好利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
make little use of 很少利用
①I will make full use of my spare time to enrich my vocabulary.
我将充分利用我的业余时间来丰富自己的词汇。
②Many nurses complain that they are given menial tasks which make little use of their skills.
许多护士抱怨说他们总被分配做卑贱的工作，而他们的技能几乎派不上用场。
Point ?
高考小作文
[浙江卷]我将充分利用这次机会练习我的口语技能，获得更多的经验。
I will make_full_use_of_this_opportunity to practice my speaking skills and get more experience.
7．(教材P10)The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。
　?latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的
(1)the former...the latter...　　 　 　前者……，后者……
(2)late adj. 迟到的
later adj. 后期的
lately adv. 近来；最近
Of these two basketball teams, the former comes from the US, the latter comes from Scotland.
在这两支篮球队中，前者来自美国，后者来自苏格兰。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①Believe it or not, I met Tom three years later (late)．
②Lately (late), the government takes some measures to help people out of poverty (贫困)．
8.(教材P10)English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.
在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。
　?such as 例如……；像这种的
[易混辨析]
such as
用来列举事物，用在列举的事物与前面名词之间，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，as后面不可有逗号
for example
用来举例说明前面说过的话或提出的观点，一般列举同类人或事物中的一个，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末，往往用逗号隔开
He can speak six languages, such as Chinese, Russian, German and so on.
他会讲六种语言，例如汉语、俄语、德语等。
Point ?
用such as/for example填空
①They planted beautiful flowers such_as roses and sunflowers in the garden.
②Many great people rose from poor backgrounds — Lincoln, for_example.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P10)Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
even if＝even though即使，用作连词，引导让步状语从句。
Even if he suffered from a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈服。
Sentence ?
单句写作
即使这次失败了，我还要再试试。
Even_if_I_fail_this_time,_I will try again.
2．(教材P10)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而不是我们今天所说的英语。
(1)more... than...与其说……倒不如说……；比……多；比……更……
(2)more than与数词连用，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over
(3)more than＋n.意为“不只是；不仅仅……”
①When her son lied again, she was more sad than angry.
当她儿子再次撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。
②I said hello to her more than one time, but she still ignored me.
我不止一次地向她打招呼，但她仍然不理睬我。
Sentence ?
词汇升级
[全国卷Ⅰ]I'm very pleased to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.
→I'm more_than pleased to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There are two official (官方的) languages in Canada：English and French.
2．When I was in Beijing, I would frequently (常常) go through Hutong by bike.
3．My teacher told me that reading more books could help enrich my vocabulary (词汇)．
4．The word has two different spellings (拼写)，so either is right.
5．In his life, he made three voyages (航行)across the Pacific Ocean by himself.
6．Bob seems to be happy all day, but actually (事实上) he is tired of his life.
7．He can't speak to the native (当地人), for he knows little French.
8．To my joy, Mum gradually gets better after a long illness.
9．You'd better take the elevator because my office is on the 28th floor.
10．It's reported that the identity of the lady killed yesterday has been found out.
11．His plan was based on what he had learned from his teacher.
12．John and James are brothers; the former is a doctor, and the latter is an engineer.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．More than one student were tired of his long and tiring speech.
were→was
2．Your spare time should be made full use of making up for your lost time.
making→to_make
3．Because the heavy fog, the freeway was closed.
Because后加of
4．As we all know, the panda is native of China.
of→to
5．As soon as the idea came up with people present all thought highly of it.
去掉with
6．The number of students learning English are larger than ever before.
are→is
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．The people present_at_the_meeting_came_up_with_a_plan to improve our living conditions yesterday.
昨天开会的人们提出了一项改善我们的生活条件的计划。
2．What_do_you_think we should do to improve our environment?
你认为我们应该做些什么来改善我们的环境呢？
3．As students, we should always tell the truth even_if_others_might_not_agree_with_us.
作为学生，我们应该一直讲真话，即使他人可能和我们意见不一致。
4．The_number_of_students_in_our_school_has_grown from 1,000 to more than 1,500.
我们学校学生的数量已从1000名增加到1500多名。
5．Because_of_the_heavy_snow,_the boy was late for school.
＝The boy was late for school because_it_snowed_heavily.
由于大雪这个男孩上学迟到了。
6．They are more_than_our_classmates. They are close friends.
他们不只是同学，还是知心朋友。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. In the 17th century, English 1.________(take) to many other countries because of the 2.________(voyage) made by people from England. The English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 3.________(base) more on German than the English we speak at present. Then 4.________(gradual) between about AD 800 and 1150, English became 5.________(little) like German. By the 1600's Shakespeare could make use 6.________ a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 English was taken to America and in the 18th century English was taken to Australia.
English 7.________(settle) by the 19th century, 8.________two big changes in English spelling happened：first Samuel Johnson wrote 9.________(he) dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language, which gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken 10.________ a foreign or second language in South Asia.
答案：1.was taken　2.voyages　3.was based　4.gradually
5．less　6.of　7.was settled　8.when　9.his　10.as　
课时作业(六)　Unit 2　Section Ⅱ　Warming Up& Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Having studied Chinese for two years, now she can speak Chinese fluently (fluent)．
2．He has dreamed about travelling to Australia or New Zealand, and the latter (late) one is his favorite place.
3．Actually (actual), he is an honest and reliable person, whom you can depend on.
4．Gradually (gradual), they are tired of life in the noisy city.
5．Since he came to power, he has paid several official (office) visits to some foreign countries.
6．People in different English speaking countries may use different words, different spellings (spell) and different pronunciations.
7．Even though he lives alone, he owns two apartments (apartment)．
8．If you want to master English, to have large vocabularies (vocabulary) is necessary.
9．His English accent is so good that you would think he was a native (nation) speaker.
10．We hold such an activity to enrich (rich) our school life.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
I was in a rush as always, but this time it was for an important date I just couldn't be late for! I found myself at a checkout counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she paid for her groceries. A PhD student without a lot of money, I had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers. I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date.
We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile — warm and reassuring — and I returned her_gift by smiling back.
“Must be a special lady, whoever it is that will be getting those beautiful flowers，” she said.
“Yes, she's special，” I said, and then to my embarrassment, the words kept coming out.
“It's only our second date, but somehow I am just having the feeling she's ‘the one’．” Jokingly, I added, “The only problem is that I can't figure out why she'd want to date a guy like me.”
“Well, I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her，” the woman said. “My husband used to bring me flowers every week — even when times were tough and we didn't have much money. Those were incredible (难以置信的) days; he was very romantic and — of course — I miss him since he's passed away.”
I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries. There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her. I touched her on the shoulder and said, “You were right, you know. These flowers are indeed for a very special lady.” I handed her the flowers and thanked her for such a nice conversation.
It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just bought. “You have a wonderful evening，” I said. I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw her smelling the beautiful flowers.
I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story. A couple of years later, when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me, she told me that this story had helped to seal it for her — that was the night that I won her heart.
【语篇解读】　作者买花时遇到一位老妇人，通过交谈得到鼓舞，作者将花送给了那位老人，故事也感动了他的女友，使女友最终决定嫁给他。
1．Why was the writer in a hurry that day?
A．He was to meet his girlfriend.
B．He had to go back to school soon.
C．He was delayed by an elderly lady.
D．He had to pick up some groceries.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date.”和最后一段的“I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story.”可知，作者匆匆忙忙是要去和女朋友约会。故选A。
2．What does the underlined phrase “her gift” (Paragraph 2) refer to?
A．Her words.　　　　　　　　B．Her smile.
C．Her flowers. D．Her politeness.
答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据“She smiled... I returned her gift by smiling back.”得知：她对着我笑，我还她微笑，smile是她给我的礼物。故选B。
3．Why did the writer give his flowers to the elderly lady?
A．She told him a nice story.
B．She allowed him to pay first.
C．She gave him encouragement.
D．She liked flowers very much.
答案与解析：C　推理理解题。作者的话“The only problem is that I can't figure out why she'd want to date a guy like me.”暗示作者当时不自信；而那位老妇人的话“Well, I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her，”增强了作者的自信心，所以作者把鲜花送给了那个老妇人，故选C。
4．What can you learn from the story?
A．Flowers are important for a date.
B．Small talk is helpful.
C．Love and kindness are rewarding.
D．Elderly people deserve respecting.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。此文讲述作者买花时遇到一位老妇人，通过交谈得到鼓舞，将花送给了那位老妇人。故事感动了他的女友，使女友最终决定嫁给他；所以爱和善良能得到回报，故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms (习语), though my teacher emphasized (强调) the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown __1__ an amusing experience.
One day, I __2__ to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was __3__ about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be __4__， gently shaking his head, shrugging (耸一耸) his shoulders, saying, “You don't say！” “You don't say！” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not a proper topic. Well, I'd __5__ change the topic. So I said to him. “Well, __6__ we talk about the Great Wall? __7__ the way, have you ever __8__ there？” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing __9__. It was magnificent.” He was __10__ in thought when I began to talk __11__ a tourist guide, “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very __12__ of it.” Soon I was __13__ again by his order... “You don't say！” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？” “Well, I didn't request you to do __14__，” he answered, greatly __15__. I said, “Didn't you say ‘You don't say！’？” __16__ this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to __17__， “‘You don't say！’ actually means ‘Really？’ It is an __18__ of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms.” __19__ then did I know I have made a fool of __20__. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions.
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者由于不关注英语习语而引起一场误会的有趣经历。
1．A.in B．for
C．by D．to
答案与解析：C　句意：但是不久，通过一次有趣的经历显现了英语习语的重要性。by是“通过”的意思。
2．A.came B．happened
C．seemed D．wanted
答案与解析：B　句意：一天，我在路上碰巧遇到了一位英国人。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，故答案选B。
3．A.teaching B．lying
C．choosing D．talking
答案与解析：D　句意：当我在谈论我是怎样学习英语时，那个外国人似乎有点吃惊。talk“谈论”。
4．A.understood B．understanding
C．surprised D．surprising
答案与解析：C　根据后面的摇头耸肩可知，那个外国人是有点吃惊，而不是理解。再根据surprised修饰人，surprising修饰物，可知答案选C。
5．A.worse B．better
C．more D．less
答案与解析：B　had better“最好”。
6．A.shall B．will
C．must D．do
答案与解析：A　句意：我们谈谈长城好吗？根据语气可知，应该选A或B，而shall常与we搭配，故答案选A。
7．A.On B．In
C．All D．By
答案与解析：D　句意：顺便问一下，你去过那里吗？by the way“顺便问一下”，故答案选D。on the way“在路上，就要到来”；in the way“挡路”；all the way“总是，一直”。
8．A.gone B．visited
C．seen D．been
答案与解析：D　have gone表示去了某地，现在已经到了或在途中；have been表示去过某地，是过去的经历，根据句意可知，答案选D。B项和C项是及物动词，而there是副词，不能作宾语。
9．A.it B．them
C．anything D．something
答案与解析：A　指代上文提到的长城，故用代词it。
10．A.occupied B．attracted
C．lost D．refused
答案与解析：C　句意：当我像一个导游那样谈论时，他陷入了沉思。be lost in thought“陷入沉思”。
11．A.as B．to
C．with D．like
答案与解析：D　根据句意以及下文谈论的内容可知，作者在像一个导游那样谈论。
12．A.glad B．satisfied
C．proud D．familiar
答案与解析：C　句意：长城是世界的奇迹之一，我们以它为骄傲。be proud of“对……感到骄傲”，故答案选C。B和D都与with连用。
13．A.joked B．drawn
C．interrupted D．replied
答案与解析：C　interrupt“打断”，符合语境。
14．A.this B．so
C．anything D．nothing
答案与解析：B　句意：我没要你这样做。so指代上文提到的事情，故答案选B。
15．A.encouraged B．frightened
C．pleased D．surprised
答案与解析：D　因为作者和外国人的交流出现了误会，所以外国人很惊讶，故答案选D。
16．A.Looking B．Seeing
C．Hearing D．Listening
答案与解析：C　句意：听到这里，那位英国人笑得眼泪都出来了。现在分词短语作伴随状语。listen是不及物动词，所以答案只能选C。
17．A.explain B．shout
C．prove D．say
答案与解析：A　下文是外国人解释的内容，故答案选A。
18．A.experience B．expression
C．explanation D．example
答案与解析：B　句意：它是惊讶的一种表达方式。expression“表达”。
19．A.From B．Since
C．By D．Only
答案与解析：D　句意：直到那时，我才知道我愚弄了自己。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的谓语动词要进行部分倒装，根据句意及后面的倒装可知，答案选D。
20．A.herself B．myself
C．themselves D．himself
答案与解析：B　根据句意可知，作者愚弄了自己，所以用反身代词myself。
课件36张PPT。Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.command n．&vt.　　　　　命令；指令；掌握
2．request n．&vt. 请求；要求
3．accent n. 口音；腔调；重音
4．lightning n. 闪电
5．straight adv. 直接；挺直
adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的
拓展词汇
1.expression n．词语；表示；表达→express v．表达；表示
2．eastern adj.东方的；东部的→east n．东方；东部地区
3．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．认出；承认
阅读词汇
1.dialect n．　　　　　　方言
2．African adj. 非洲的，非洲语言的
3．Spanish adj. 西班牙的，西班牙语的
4．lorry n. 卡车
5．block n. 街区；块；木块；石块
6．cab n. 出租车
重重点短语
1.play_a_part_(in)　扮演一个角色；参与
2．believe_it_or_not 信不信由你
3．be_different_from 与……不同
4．the_same..._as 和……相同
5．go_around_the_corner 转过拐角
6．from_all_over_the_world 来自世界各地
重重点句型
1.as引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”
As_we_know,_British English is a little different from American English.
众所周知，英式英语与美式英语有一些不同。
2．There is no such... as...(世界上)没有像……的
Believe it or not, there_is_no_such_thing_as_standard_English.
信不信由你，没有所谓的标准英语。
3．This is because...意为“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句
This_is_because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在早期的广播中，那些播报新闻的人被期待说极好的英语。
4．the same... as...意为“和……一样”
So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the_same_dialect_as_people_in_the_northwestern_USA.
因此，一些来自东南部山区的人和西北部的人说几乎同一种语言。
后缀-ern构成的方位形容词集锦
①eastern 　　　东方的；东部的；
来自东方的
②western 西方的；西部的；
来自西方的
③southern 南方的；南部的
④northern 北方的；北部的
⑤northwestern 西北方的；来自
西北的
⑥southeastern 东南方的；来自
东南的
常见的含有part的习语：
for the most part 多半；通常
for my part 就我而言
in part 部分地；在某种程度上
Step One：Warming up
Skim the passage and answer the following questions.
1．Match the general idea of every paragraph.
Para.1　A．American English has many dialects.
Para.2　B．Geography plays a part in making dialects.
Para.3　C．There is no standard English in the world.
答案：Para.1—C　Para.2—A　Para.3—B
2．What does the passage tell us?
A．American English has many different dialects.
B．Americans move a lot taking their dialects with them.
C．People who report the news on TV or the radio speak the Standard English.
D．There is no Standard English but excellent English with many different dialects.
答案：D
Step Two：Careful reading
Read the passage and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．From the text, we know that ________ is standard English.
A．British English
B．American English
C．the English spoken in Australia
D．no English
答案：D
2．People think the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English, because ________.
A．people believe those who reported the news speak excellent English
B．they speak the same English
C．they speak it to all the people
D．there are some dialects on TV and the radio
答案：A
3．How many dialects are mentioned (提到) in the text?
A．Three.　　B．Two.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案：C
4．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the dialects in America?
A．People have come from all over the world.
B．Some people live in the mountains.
C．Geography plays a part in making dialects.
D．The USA is a large country.
答案：B
Step Three：Explain difficult sentences
1．That's because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
[句式分析]
本句中有because引导的表语从句，从句中those后who reported the news修饰those，作定语从句。
[尝试翻译]那是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期待广播员说得很好。
2．So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern.
[句式分析]
本句中from the mountains in the southeastern修饰第一个people，同时in the northeastern修饰第二个people。
[尝试翻译]所以来自美国东南部山区的人说的方言和西北部的人几乎一样。
?第一板块|重点单词
1．(教材P12)Can you find the following command and request from Reading？Let's see how to retell them in indirect speech.
你能从阅读部分找到下列命令和请求的表达方式吗？我们看看如何把它们转述为间接引语。
command n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握
(1)under one's command　　　　　　　　　由……指挥，由……控制
be in command of 控制……
take command of 控制……
have a command of 了解/掌握……
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that sb.(should) do sth. 命令某人做某事
①She is in command of our class at present.
她目前负责我们班。
②The police arrived and took command of the situation.
警察到达后就控制了局势。
request n．& vt.请求；要求
(1)at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb.　　　应某人的请求
make a request for sth./that... 要求……
(2)request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
request that sb.(should) do... 要求……
Faced with such a difficult situation, he had to make a request for help.
面对如此困境，他只好请求帮助。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
The police commanded that the thief (should)_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.
＝The police commanded the thief to_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.
2．高考小作文
我的确相信我适合这项志愿者工作，因为我精通口语。
I do believe I am very fit for this voluntary work, because I have_a_good_command_of_spoken_English.
3．单句语法填空
①Visitors are requested not to_smoke (smoke) here.
②He will take an active in the activity at the request of us.
v．＋从句用(should) do的动词汇总
1．坚持insist
2．命令order, command
3．建议advise, suggest, recommend
4．要求require, request, desire, demand
2．(教材P13)When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called a dialect.
当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。
　?expression n．词语；表示；表达；表情
(1)beyond expression　　　　　　　　　 　 　无法形容；表达不出
(2)express vt. 表达
express oneself 表达自己的意见
①The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond expression.
西湖的景色美得无法形容。
②In order to learn English well, you'd better frequently use important words and expressions in everyday life.
为了学好英语，你最好在日常生活中经常运用重要的单词和短语。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①The expression (express) on her face suggested that she was angry.
②Even if I had learned some French before, I still had some trouble expressing (express) myself.
3．(教材P13)Geography also plays a part in making dialects.
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
　?play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
play a part in＝play a role in　　　在……中扮演一个角色；在……中起作用
play the part/role of... 扮演……的角色
①Mobile phones are playing an important part in our daily life.
手机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
②In the film, he will play the part/role of a policeman.
在这部电影里他将扮演一位警察的角色。
Point ?
单句语法填空
Sports play an important part in our daily life.
漫画助记
Fertilizer plays an important part in the rapid growth of crops.
肥料对作物的快速生长起着重要的作用。
4．(教材P13)Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.
虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。
　?recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认
(1)recognize sb./one's voice　 　 　 　 　　　认出某人/听出某人的声音
recognize ... as/to be 承认……是……
recognize that... 承认……
(2)recognition n. 认出；认识
beyond recognition 无法辨认
①Jack has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him.
杰克变化这么大，以至于我几乎认不出他来。
②We recognize him as a hard-working and honest person.
我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①My hometown has changed so fast that it has changed beyond recognition (recognize)．
②The movie star wears a pair of sunglasses in order not to be_recognized (recognize) by his fans.
2．单句写作
大家都公认，汉语在世界上越来越流行。
It_is_recognized_that Chinese is becoming more and more popular in the world.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P13)Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
there is no such...?as...?是固定句式，表示“?世界上?没有?像……?这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。
There is no such(＝There is not such a) man in our neighborhood.
我们的居民区没有这样的人。
Sentence ?
单句写作
正如谚语所说，世上没有免费的午餐。
As the old saying goes, there_is_no_such_free_lunch in the world.
2．(教材P13)This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。
This/That is because...　　　　　　　这/那是因为……
This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
The reason why... is that... 原因是……
①He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.
他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
②You have improved your studying methods. That is why you have made rapid progress.
你改进了学习方法。那就是你进步这么快的原因。
Sentence ?
句式升级
He didn't work hard. He failed in the exam.(用The reason why... is that...合成一句话)
The_reason_why_he_failed_in_the_exam_was_that_he_didn't_work_hard.
3．(教材P13)So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.
所以，美国东南部山区的人们和西北部的人们几乎说一样的方言。
the same (...) as... 是固定句式，意为“和……一样；与……相同”。
与the same... that...的区别为：
(1)the same...as... 　　　　　　　　表示同类的事物
(2)the same...that... 表示同一个事物
As a matter of fact, I have the same trouble as you.
事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。
Sentence ?
单句写作
①This is the same book as Mr Li lost.
这本书和李先生丢的书一样。
②This is the same book that Mr Li lost.
这就是李先生丢的那本书。
Reading
STANDARD① ENGLISH AND DIALECTS②
What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not③， there is no such thing as④ standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio【1】 is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news 【2】 were expected⑤ to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak【3】．
【1】过去分词短语spoken on TV and the radio作后置定语，修饰the English。
【2】who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
【3】people speak为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。关系词that/in which在从句中作状语，已省略。
When people use words and expressions⑥ different from the “standard language”【4】， it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern⑦， southern⑧， African⑨ American and Spanish⑩ dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring? towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.
【4】when引导时间状语从句，形容词短语different from the “standard language”作后置定语，修饰前面的words and expressions。
Geography also plays a part in? making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern? USA【5】 speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern? USA speak with almost the same dialect as? people in the northwestern? USA【6】. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken【7】. Although many Americans move a lot【8】， they still recognize? and understand each other's dialects.
【5】who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词Some people。
【6】此处as为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词dialect。USA后省略了speak with。
【7】in which属于“介词＋关系代词”，引导定语从句，修饰先行词a large country。
【8】Although引导让步状语从句。
标准英语和方言
什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视上和收音机里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。
当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及非裔美国人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。
[词语积累]
①standard adj.标准的；通常的；普通的　n．标准，水平，规范，规格
②dialect/'da??lekt/n.方言
③believe it or not信不信由你
④such... as...表示“像……那样/这样的”。
⑤expect vt.盼望；预期；预料
⑥expression/?k'spre?n/n.词语；表示；表达
⑦midwestern/m?d'west?n/adj.中西部的；有中西部特性的
⑧southern adj.南方的；南部的
⑨African/'?fr?k?n/adj.非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的
⑩Spanish/'sp?n??/adj.西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的　n．西班牙人；西班牙语
?neighbouring adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)
?play a part (in)起作用，扮演一个角色；参与
?eastern/'i?st?n/adj.东方的；东部的
?southeastern/?sa?θ'i?st?n/adj.东南方的；来自东南的
?the same... as...和……一样的……
?northwestern/?n??θ'west?n/adj.西北方的；来自西北的
?recognize/'rek?ɡna?z/vt.辨认出；承认；公认
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
在中国，普通话是通用语，而在英国(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)，虽然名义上没有官方语，但在英语的发展历史中，有一种发音逐渐形成其重要性，成为公认的英语标准发音，这就是Received Pronunciation，简称为RP。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should keep these English expressions (词语) in mind, because they're very important.
2．My house is two blocks(街区)away from the school, so I often go to school by bike.
3．The little girl is afraid of thunder and lightning(闪电)．
4．Pay attention to the usage(用法) of those special words and expressions.
5．I made a request(要求) that all the students should be well prepared for the exam.
6．Go straight(径直地) down the road until you come to the English language school.
7．Most of the African(非洲的) countries have suffered from drought in recent years.
8．When the film star walked out of the airport, he was recognized by his fans.
9．She is speaking with a strong British accent,_so I can tell she must be from Britain.
10．He speaks English well indeed, but of course not so fluently as a native speaker.
Ⅱ.选词填空
ever before　base on　communicate with　such as make full use of　because of　at present　come up
1．Tony told me the film based_on a true story which happened in World War Ⅱ.
2．My brother is interested in many things, such_as playing football and singing pop songs.
3．At_present,_they are talking about how to improve their health.
4．The policeman came_up to me and asked whether I needed any help.
5．Linda has trouble communicating_with the natives, for she speaks a little English.
6．Because_of a bad cold, he didn't go to the party last night.
7．You should make_full_use_of every minute to prepare for the contest.
8．My daughter has changed a lot; she studies harder_than_ever_before.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．现在，网络在人们的生活中起着一个非常重要的作用。
At present, the Internet plays_an_important_role_in_people's_life.
2．世界上没有什么超人，所以你应该放弃你的想法。
There_is_no_such_person_as a superman in the world, so you should give up your idea.
3．在教育方面，贫穷的孩子和富有的孩子都应该有同样的机会。
In education, poor children should have the_same_chance_as_rich_children.
4．经过三年的学习，她已经对这里的方言有了比较好的把握。
After three years of study, she has_had_a_good_command_of_ the dialect here.
5．亨利看上去很沮丧，这是因为他考试不及格。
Henry looks very upset. This_is_because he didn't pass the exam.
6．这种新技术或许会改变宇航员在太空的居住方式。
This new technology may change the_way_that astronauts live in space.
课时作业(七)　Unit 2　Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Alexander tried to get his work recognized(recognize) in the medical circles.
2．You should pay more attention to the meanings of those expressions(express)．
3．In recent years, there are many African(Africa) students studying in China.
4．The boy can speak English fluently(fluent) after five years' studying in an international school.
5．The boss commanded that the workers (should) work(work) hard to complete the project ahead of time.
6．Women are playing(play) a more and more important part in today's society—they hold up half the sky.
7．Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should be based on their own interests.
8．What on earth did you tell her? The expression(express) on her face suggested that she was more than angry.
9．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life as you are.
10．It is requested that he (should) hand(hand) in his homework tomorrow morning.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
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What to bring. Helmet, shoulder pads, mouth guard, cleats, practice jersey, and gym shoes(in case of rain). If you cannot bring your pads and helmet from your high school, you can rent them from St. Olaf College for $20 each for your camp.
St. Olaf Swim Camps
“Our goal is to provide each swimmer with the necessary tools to become the best swimmer he or she can be — today, next week, and in the years to come.” — Coach Bob Hauck
Session 1: July 12－16, 2016
Session 2: July 19－23, 2016
Session 3: July 26－30, 2016
Excellence has become a trademark(标志) of St. Olaf Swim Camps for more than 30 years because of the instructors, Bob Hauck and Dave Hauck. Our coaches provide a learning environment that is exciting, fun, and challenging.
The camps are designed for high school students who are going to complete their senior year. The camps provide a great experience on the beautiful St.Olaf College campus in Northfield, Minnesota.
【语篇解读】　St. Olaf College夏季会举行一些夏令营活动，本文介绍了其中的两项活动。
1．St. Olaf Lineman Camp would attract someone who wants to ________.
A．become a better goalkeeper
B．get accepted into St. Olaf College
C．improve his or her football skills as a lineman
D．have fun with others through various activities
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据St. Olaf Lineman Camp部分的“In an effort to help high school football players develop to their full potential, St. Olaf College offers the learning camp for lineman players.”可知，这个夏令营活动会吸引那些想在足球比赛中表现得更好的前锋。
2．What do we know about the sessions of St. Olaf Swim Camps?
A．Each session lasts five days.
B．There are four sessions altogether.
C．They will all take place in June, 2016.
D．Bob Hauck isn't a coach of the camps.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据St. Olaf Swim Camps部分所给出的时间可知，每一期都持续五天。
3．Who can take part in St. Olaf Swim Camps?
A．Any kid who is interested in swimming.
B．Any high school student who loves swimming.
C．Seniors in high school who cannot swim well.
D．Students who have finished their second year in high school.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据St. Olaf Swim Camps部分末段的“The camps are designed for high school students who are going to complete their senior year.”可知，答案选D项。
4．The text is meant to ________.
A．advertise some camps
B．advertise St. Olaf College
C．encourage us to learn to swim
D．tell us how to spend the summer holiday
答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要在为St. Olaf College夏季会举行的一些夏令营活动做广告。
B
Q：As a non-native English learner, should I learn British English or American English?
A：The truth is that it makes little difference. Why? Because we can read works written in either American English or British without too much trouble, and understand each other perfectly well as long as we don't use too much colloquial slang(口语俚语). They are the same language — both are still English.
The main differences are in vocabulary for some everyday things. However, most Americans know what trousers are, and Britons and Australians know that “pants” are trousers in an American book or movie. And there are a few small spelling differences. There are some very small grammar differences, but these are too small — most of them will probably not even be noticed. I'm British, and I often read books written in American English, as well as British English. To tell you the truth, I hardly notice the differences.
If you want to learn English and use it internationally, learn both kinds. It's not difficult — just a few extra words or spelling differences to learn. It's good to know how English speakers from all over the world use the language, no matter where they come from. You might need to know that American English is used mainly in North America, but British English is the standard English in the rest of the English-speaking world, including Britain's old colonies(殖民地) — Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, India, Malaysia, Hong Kong, etc.
Even “British English” is a bit of a misnomer (用词错误)，since there is no real standard way of speaking English in the UK.Some people confuse “British English” with the accent called RP(Received Pronunciation), but they aren't the same thing. British English is only a standard, not an accent. RP is only one accent in the UK. Few speak it. Other dialects are widely spoken in the UK today.
【语篇解读】　作者认为英式英语和美式英语的区别不是很大，二者都学会也不是很难。
5．The author most probably finds American colloquial slang ________.
A．strange　B．helpful
C．difficult D．interesting
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据回答部分第一段的“understand each other perfectly well as long as we don't use too much colloquial slang.”可推断，作者觉得口语俚语不好懂。
6．What does the example of “trousers”and “pants”show?
A．Some differences are easy to notice.
B．Differences in vocabulary are common.
C．One thing can be called different names.
D．Americans and Britons can understand each other.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据回答部分第二段的“However, most Americans know what trousers are, and Britons and Australians know that ‘pants’ are trousers in an American book or movie.”可知，作者是想表明美国人和英国人能够听懂彼此说的话。
7．What can we learn about Received Pronunciation?
A．It is not an accent.
B．It is British English.
C．It is often used in the US.
D．It isn't widely used in Britain.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据回答部分第四段的“British English is only a standard, not an accent. RP is only one accent in the UK. Few speak it.”可知，这种方言用的人少。
8．The author would most probably agree that ________.
A．colloquial slang shouldn't be used often
B．British people find it hard to understand Americans
C．British English and American English don't differ too much
D．people should learn British English instead of American English
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据回答部分第一段的“The truth is that it makes little difference.”以及第二段的“To tell you the truth I hardly notice the differences.”可知，作者觉得美式英语跟英式英语之间的差别不大。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored __1__ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and loved by the Indians. He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got __2__ (marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, __3__he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was __4__ (surprise) to find that the problem of racial discrimination (种族歧视) was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight __5__equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, __6__India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. In the political movement many Indians __7__ (include) Gandhi were put in prison. __8__， the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give __9__and India won its independence in 1947. __10__ (fortunate) Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了印度英雄甘地的生平事迹。
1．as　考查介词。句意：甘地，一位印度民族英雄，被尊称为“印度之父”。as在此意为“作为”。
2．married　考查固定搭配。marry是动词，意为“(和某人)结婚，娶，嫁”。由空前的got 可知，此处应用married。get/be married意为“结婚”。
3．where　考查定语从句。“__3__he studied law for three years and became a lawyer”是定语从句，修饰先行词England，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导从句。
4．surprised　考查形容词。was后跟形容词作表语，且此处表述人的感受，应用surprised，意为“惊讶的”。
5．for　考查介词。句意：在那里他成立了一个组织，开办了一份杂志，为获得平等的权利而斗争。fight for ...意为“为……而战”。
6．when　考查定语从句。“__6__India was controlled by the British”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1915，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。
7．including　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，Indians与include之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。此处表示包括甘地在内的很多印度人被投入监狱。
8．However　考查副词。在政治运动中，包括甘地在内的很多印度人被投入监狱。但是，斗争从未停止过。该空和主句用逗号隔开，故填副词However表转折。
9．in　考查介词。由下文印度获得独立可知，英国政府投降了。give in意为“屈服，让步”，是固定短语。
10．Unfortunately　考查副词。句意：不幸的是，甘地遭到一个反对他的观点的印度人的射杀，于1948年1月30日去世。修饰整个句子应用副词，再结合句意可知，应填Unfortunately。
课件53张PPT。Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 直接引语与间接引语(Ⅱ)—祈使句
[新知导引]
1．(教材P12)“Look at this example，” the teacher said to us.
→The teacher told_us_to_look at that example.
2．(教材P12)“Would you like to see my flat？” she asked.
→She asked_me_to_see_her flat.
3．“Don't look out of the window, boys，” said the teacher.
→The teacher told_the_boys_not_to_look out of the window.
4．He said, “How clever the child is！”
→He said_how clever the child was.
[语法详解]
1．祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。
引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind, warn等词转述。
*“Take an umbrella in case of rain.”his mother said to him.
→His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.
*The leader said to the workers, “Don't speak while working.”
→The leader warned the workers not to speak while working.
　[名师点津]
(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：
①引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.的形式。
*“Finish the task in ten minutes.” the manager said to the clerk.
→The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.
*“Keep silent！” the chairman said to the students.
→The chairman ordered the students to keep silent.
②当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg sb.＋to do等结构。
*Mary said, “Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”
→Mary suggested going to the art exhibition that afternoon.
→Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon.
*“Please have a rest.” She said to us.
→She asked us to have a rest.
(2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。
*She said, “Don't make so much noise, children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
2．感叹句的直接引语变间接引语，直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。
*“What a beautiful dress it is！” the girl said to her friend.
→The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was.
“How lovely the girl is！” he said.
→He said how lovely the girl was.,
考情分析
祈使句的直接引语变间接引语是间接引语的考查重点，会结合非谓语动词中的动词不定式考查。
注意：若祈使句中没有称呼语，应根据句子给动词ask, tell, order等补上适当的宾语。
例如：
“Watch carefully，” he said.
→He told us to watch carefully.
即时训练
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．She said to me, “Have lunch with us.”
She asked me to_have (have) lunch with them.
2．“Don't be late again, Mary，” he said.
He told Mary not_to_be (be) late again.
3．“Listen to the teacher carefully in class！” said Mr. Wang to his son.
Mr. Wang told his son to_listen (listen) to the teacher carefully in class.
Ⅱ.将直接引语改为间接引语
1．She said to her daughter, “Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave the room！”
→She told her daughter not_to_forget_to_turn_off_the_light_when_she_left_the_room.
2．“Come early tomorrow, Jim，” he said.
→He told Jim to_come_early_the_next_day.
3．“Don't make any noise，” said Mrs. Gao to the children.
→Mrs. Gao told the children not_to_make_any_noise.
Ⅰ. 把直接引语变为间接引语或间接引语变为直接引语
1．The English teacher said to us, “Don't talk in class！”
→The English teacher warned us not_to_talk in class.
2．William said to his sister, “Don't touch my toys.”
→William warned his sister not_to_touch_his toys.
3．“Set down these useful English sentences，”Miss Lee said to us.
→Miss Lee told us to_set_down_those useful English sentences.
4．“Don't play the video games any longer！” Mr. Green said to his son.
→Mr. Green asked his son not_to_play the video games any longer.
5．Tony asked the girl to show him how to use the new cellphone.
→“Please_show_me how to use the new cellphone，” Tony said to the girl.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Mr Smith said Mary isn't angry judging from the expression on her face.isn't→wasn't
2．Mother told her children to not play computer games frequently.to_not→not_to
3．The doctor suggested that it was quite necessary for her to keep a healthy diet because of her obesity(肥胖)．
was→(should)_be
4．The teacher asked Tom come up to the blackboard and write down English words.come→to_come
5．Li Hua asked his deskmate that he played an important role in the movie directed by Zhang Yimou.that→if/whether
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．杰克告诉我聚会不要迟到。
Jack_told_me_not_to_be_late_for_the_get-together.
2．老师让我们明天早上交作业。
The_teacher_asked_us_to_hand_in_our_homework_the_next_morning.
3．妈妈告诉我在爸爸睡觉时不要弹吉他。
Mother_told_me_not_to_play_the_guitar_while_my_father_was_sleeping.
4．格林太太要求她丈夫五点以前回家。
Mrs_Green_requested_her_husband_to_go_back_home_before_5_o'clock.
5．我警告孩子们不要靠近那条大狗。
I_warned_the_children_not_to_get_close_to_the_big_dog.
课时作业(八)　Unit 2　Section Ⅳ　Grammar —
直接引语与间接引语(Ⅱ)—祈使句授课提示：对应学生用书117页
Ⅰ.语法与写作
1．The teacher told the student to_set_down what he said.
老师要这个学生记下他所说的话。(set)
2．She asked him to_add_up all the numbers.
她要他把所有的数字都加起来。(add)
3．The father told his children not_to_join_in that activity.
父亲告诉孩子们不要参加那个活动。(join)
4．The manager ordered his workers to_give_up_the_plan.
经理命令工人们放弃这项计划。(give)
5．The guide advised the tourist to_pack_up and start out.
导游建议游客打包好并且启程。(pack)
6．The chairman suggested we (should)_get_along_well_with_each_other and work hard to achieve our goal.
主席建议我们应该友好相处，并且努力工作来实现我们的目标。(get)
7．Please ask the neighbours not_to_make_so_much_noise.
请叫邻居们不要这样喧哗。(make)
8．The mother warned her child not_to_get_too_close_to the water.
妈妈告诫孩子不要太靠近水边。(get)
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels(元音) pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact(接触) with many people from around the world. This meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary came out.
Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words. Late Modern English has many more words, mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution(工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America led to American English. Some English pronunciations and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that are called “Americanisms” are in fact from British expressions. They were kept in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. French words and West African words(through the slave trade) also influenced American English.
Today, American English has a greater influence, because of the USA's movies, television, popular music, trade and technology.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了英语的发展史。
1．The main difference between Early and Late Modern English lies in ________.
A．vocabulary　B．spelling
C．grammar D．pronunciation
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words.”可推知答案。
2．What helped to increase the vocabulary of Later Modern English?
a．the invention of printing
b．the Industrial Revolution
c．the colonization
d．the contact with other countries
A．a，b，c B．a，c，d
C．a，b，d D．b，c，d
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.”可推知答案。
3．What does the underlined word “froze”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Remained unchanged. B．Disappeared.
C．Improved. D．Kept active.
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Some expressions that are called ‘Americanisms’ are in fact from British expressions.”可推知答案。
4．The third paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A．different kinds of English
B．English colonies in North America
C．other language is influence on American English
D．the difference between American English and British English
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Spanish also had an influence on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. French words and West African words(through the slave trade) also influenced American English.”可推知答案。
Ⅲ.阅读填句
Taking notes is very important in high school. If you don't take notes, you may find it difficult to go over the lessons. __1__ You need to get some skills in order to take perfect notes. Here are some tips to help you.
Try not to overdo it. Some students like writing down every word. __2__ If you want to write down every word, you may miss the most important points. Some people learn well by listening carefully, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class when they have more time. So just make sure that you've written down the most important points.
Ask your teacher to repeat something. __3__ If you've missed something or the teacher is going too fast, you can raise your hand and ask your teacher to repeat it. Chances are if you missed something, one of your classmates might have missed too. So there's nothing wrong with asking for something to be repeated.
__4__ Reviewing or recopying your notes when you get home can help you remember what you have learnt during the day. Do the notes you've taken match up with(匹配) your textbook? You can also compare your notes with a friend. This helps you remember the most important points and can help when preparing for a test or an exam.
Review your notes from time to time. If you don't review your notes, you may forget what you have learned. But if you review your notes regularly, you'll remember well what you've learned. This can help you a lot when you have to take a test or an exam.__5__
A．This is not a good idea.
B．It is helpful to some students.
C．Don't forget to review your notes.
D．Review your notes on the same day.
E．However, not everyone knows how to take notes.
F．You don't have to stay up late to go over your notes.
G．Some students are afraid of stopping a teacher in class.
【语篇解读】　高中生在课堂上做笔记的时候要抓住重点，课后要复习那些要点。
1．答案与解析：E　前面提到了做笔记很重要，此处用转折语气，表示不是每个人都知道怎么做笔记。所以后面说“You need to get some skills in order to take perfect notes”。
2．答案与解析：A　根据“If you want to write down every word, you may miss the most important points.”可知，作者认为想把每一个字都记下不是什么好主意。
3．答案与解析：G　根据第三段的“If you've missed something or the teacher is going too fast, you can raise your hand and ask your teacher to repeat it.”可知，有的同学害怕在课堂上打断老师，但如果你遗漏了重要的知识，或者老师讲得太快了，你可以举手让老师重复。
4．答案与解析：D　根据“Reviewing or recopying your notes when you get home can help you remember what you have learnt during the day.”可知，作者建议当天回家后就要复习那些笔记内容。
5．答案与解析：F　根据“This can help you a lot when you have to take a test or an exam.”可知，定期复习笔记能帮助考试，你不再需要熬夜看笔记了。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I think that sleeping is the most wonderful thing in the world. While __1__I do nothing, but close my eyes, leaving all my work behind. In fact, I __2__get up early nearly every morning.
My classes begin at 8：00, but the teacher asks us to arrive before 7：15 so we have __3__time to prepare for the class. If you are __4__， you'll lose one point. And when you reach 10 __5__， parents' visit to school will be a must. Though I think it's __6__， I still don't want to lose any points.
One morning, my alarm clock __7__. I woke up with a __8__and found that it was already 7：00. What was worse, I lost six points in a __9__， that is to say, I was late every day that week. My teacher said angrily that he __10__me to be late. My friends joked that my __11__ was coming soon. I finally __12__to do something. I bought a new __13__. It sings songs on time, __14__I shut it down.
It's perfect for a lazy cat like me. When I __15__it for the first time, I successfully got up at 6：00 the next morning. Proud of __16__， I took a deep breath and found that the early morning air is surprisingly __17__. I did some reading, finding that English is really beautiful. I hadn't realized __18__that the morning is so wonderful.
“Life is __19__a box of chocolates. You never know what you're going to get.” Just as Forrest Gump said, sometimes we should break our __20__. You may find that a new way can change things for the better.
【语篇解读】　作者上课经常迟到，可自从换了个新闹钟之后，开始早起并且发现了早晨时光的美好，从而也爱上了晨读英语。最后作者也悟出了一定的道理：有时我们应该打破以前的习惯，做出适当的改变，那样可能会发现一种新的方式会把事情改变得更好。
1．A.tired B．asleep
C．silent D．awake
答案与解析：B　根据后面闭上眼睛什么都不做，可知是当我睡觉的时候，asleep入睡，故答案选B。
2．A.ought to B．was able to
C．used to D．have to
答案与解析：D　根据下一段的叙述，课是8点开始，而作者的老师要求7：15前到校，可知是不得不早起，故答案选D。
3．A.enough B．no
C．many D．any
答案与解析：A　从7：15到8：00有足够的时间准备功课，故答案选A。many修饰可数名词复数，可以排除。
4．A.lazy B．sleepy
C．late D．noisy
答案与解析：C　老师要求7：15之前必须到校，因此所要表达的意思是：如果迟到，就要扣掉一分。故答案为C。
5．A.times B．points
C．days D．classes
答案与解析：B　上文说迟到一次就扣掉一分，因此当达到10分时，父母就一定要到学校来了。故本题选B。
6．A.surprising B．impossible
C．interesting D．boring
答案与解析：D　由后半句的转折“依旧不希望自己被扣分”可知我认为老师的规定是令人厌烦的，故选D。
7．A.failed B．lied
C．sounded D．disappeared
答案与解析：A　后文说起床后就已经7点了，而老师要求7：15前到校，由此可知闹钟坏了，故选A。
8．A.jump B．thought
C．start D．dream
答案与解析：C　我猛地醒来发现已经7点了，故选C。
9．A.class B．day
C．week D．month
答案与解析：C　后文解释说那周我每天都迟到，因此是一周已失了6分，故答案为C。
10．A.believed B．expected
C．advised D．hoped
答案与解析：B　我的老师生气地说他期望我再次迟到，扣到10分后可以叫家长来学校。故选B。
11．A.exam B．mistake
C．duty D．day
答案与解析：D　上文提到如果扣掉10分就要请家长到学校里来，我已扣了6分了，因此我的朋友开玩笑说我被叫家长的日子不久就要来到了。故选D。
12．A.decided B．wanted
C．offered D．tried
答案与解析：A　经过了六天的迟到后我最终决定做一些事情。故选A。
13．A.alarm clock B．schoolbag
C．watch D．bike
答案与解析：A　上文提到闹钟坏了导致上学迟到，因此应是买了个新的闹钟。故选A。
14．A.as if B．as though
C．even if D．only if
答案与解析：C　下一段说新闹钟对于像我这样的懒猫是很好的，因此本句句意是：即使我关掉闹钟，它也会按时响铃的。故选C。
15．A.had B．used
C．watched D．bought
答案与解析：B　当第一次用新闹钟时，第二天早晨我成功地6点钟就起来了。
16．A.itself B．them
C．myself D．us
答案与解析：C　因为早起之后发现空气清新，还可以读读英语，也从而发现了英语的美。因此我为自己感到自豪。故选C。
17．A.cool B．warm
C．comfortable D．fresh
答案与解析：D　早晨的空气是清新的，故选D。
18．A.after B．yet
C．ago D．before
答案与解析：D　以前总是起得晚，从没发现早晨是如此美好，故选D。
19．A.as B．like
C．from D．with
答案与解析：B　正如《阿甘正传》中所说的“生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道下一颗是什么味道”。be like像，符合句意。
20．A.rules B．ideas
C．habits D．dreams
答案与解析：C　有时我们应该打破以前的习惯(habit)，做出适当的改变，那样可能会发现一种新的方式会把事情改变得更好。rule“规则，条例”；idea“想法，主意”；dream“梦想”。
课件15张PPT。Section Ⅴ　Writing — 海报
[文体感知]
海报可分为招聘广告、活动宣传、人物介绍等。海报为应用文体。常用一般现在时和一般将来时。海报语言要简明扼要，形式要新颖美观；多用省略句、缩略语及类似的语言起到醒目的效果。
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
请根据下面的提示，写一张有关举行英语演讲比赛的海报，词数100个左右。
提示：
(1)比赛目的：提高学生讲英语的能力；
(2)报名手续：凡愿意参加者可到各班班长处报名；
(3)比赛时间：2019年3月4日下午2点；
(4)比赛地点：第一会议室；
(5)评比办法：由五位教师作评判员，前十名将获鼓励奖；
(6)举办单位：学生会；
(7)海报发布时间：2019年2月24日。
第一步：审题谋篇
　1.体裁：英文海报；
2．时态：一般现在时和一般将来时；
3．人称：以第三人称为主。
4．结构
第二步：词汇推敲
　1.be_good_at_English 　　　　　擅长英语
2．improve_your_oral_English 提高口语英语
3．in_order_to 为了
4．be_willing_to_take_part 乐意参加
5．as_an_encouragement 作为鼓励
6．be_present_at_the_contest 出席比赛
第三步：句式锻造
　1.全校范围的英语演讲比赛可以提高学生说英语的能力。
A school-wide English-speaking contest can improve_the_students'_ability_to_speak_English.
2．全校范围的英语演讲比赛将于2019年3月4日下午2点在第一会议室举行。
A school-wide English-speaking contest will_be_held in No.1 meeting room at 2 pm. on March 4,2019.
3．如果你想参加的话，请找班长报名。
If you are willing to take_part please go to your monitor to sign up.
4．已经邀请了五名老师作为裁判。
Five teachers of our school have_been_invited_to_work_as judges.
5．比赛将会非常精彩。
The contest will_be_wonderful.
6．你不容错过。
You can't miss_it.
第四步：句式升级
　7.将句1和句2用不定式连成一个简单句。
In_order_to_improve_the_students'_ability_to_speak_English,_a_school-wide_English-speaking_contest_will_be_held_in_No._1_meeting_room_at_2_pm._on_March_4,2019._
8．将句3改成含有定语从句的复合句。
Anyone who_is_willing_to_take_part_please_go_to_your_monitor_to_sign_up.
9．将句5和句6连成一个并列句。
The_contest_will_be_wonderful_and_you_can't_miss_it.
第五步：妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
A Poster for an English-speaking Contest
Fellow students, are you good at English? Do you want to improve your oral English?
In order to improve the students' ability to speak English, a school-wide English-speaking contest will be held in No.1 meeting room at 2 pm, on March 4,2019. Anyone who is willing to take part please go to your monitor to sign up. Five teachers of our school have been invited to work as judges. The first ten winners will be given awards as an encouragement.
All are welcome to be present at the contest. The contest will be wonderful and you can't miss it.
The Students' Union
February 24, 2019
[写作提升]
假设你是某国际中学学生会主席。你校将邀请一名英国教授(professor)来做一场讲座(lecture)。请根据以下内容代表学生会以短文形式写一份书面通知。
主题：中学生心理问题(mental problems)
时间：5月15日下午2：00－5：00
地点：学校礼堂
其他信息：最后20分钟可与教授进行互动交流
注意：
1．词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
Notice
We will hold a lecture delivered by a professor from the UK, whose topic is about mental problems among middle school students.Those who are interested in the lecture are required to attend it in the school hall on the afternoon of May 15 at 2：00, and it will last three hours. Besides, you can prepare questions to ask in advance. In the end, twenty minutes will be left for you to consult the professor about your problems.
Everyone is welcome to participate in it and we hope you can benefit from it.
The Students' Union
[题型分析]
海报的写作内容：
海报正中往往把有关内容作为大字标题，如：Football Match, Film News等。无须称呼或注明Poster(海报)等字样。正文部分要写清具体内容，包括活动时间、地点，以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行，放在右下角，也可以省略。
[增分佳句]
1．活动宣传类
(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间
①We'll have a show/football match on July 16th.
我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。
②There is a piece of news that we'll hold a . . . show/football match on July 16th.
有消息说我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。
③Our school is holding an English party at seven in the concert hall this evening.
我们学校将于今晚七点在校音乐厅举行英语晚会。
(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容
①The match will be wonderful.
比赛会非常精彩。
②You can buy tickets online, and the price is 2 yuan for each.
可以网上订票，每人两元。
③Call Lily at 51542636 or email ...
请致电莉莉51542636或发电邮……
(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣
①Please come and cheer for them.
快来给他们加油吧。
②All are warmly welcome.
热烈欢迎各位。
③Catch the chance, or you will regret.
抓住机会，不会后悔。
2．招聘广告类
①Would you like to be a volunteer?
想成为志愿者吗？
②You are required to be able to speak English.
要求会说英语。
③You can get 500 yuan per day/month/year.
日薪/月薪/年薪500元。
④You should have three years of work experience.
要求有三年工作经验。
⑤Please call ... if you want to ...
如果有意请致电……
课件18张PPT。课时作业(五)　Unit 2　Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
English has surely become the global language. Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere, people are being interviewed (采访) and telling us about it in English.
If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, many would be surprised. English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi-official language. English is the working language of many international institutes (研究所) as well as of most international research scientists. It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn. It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are now learning English.
One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language. English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark. If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.
Recently, a report said that at the beginning of 2001, English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it. The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English, Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers. What's more, English is the language rated as most useful to know and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.
【语篇解读】　英语是当代国际交往中使用最广泛的语言，它已经成为全球性的语言。
1．By writing this passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us ________.
A．why so many people speak English around the world
B．that English has become a language spoken all over the world
C．about the development of English in Europe
D．something about the English-speaking countries
答案与解析：B　写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“English has surely become the global language.”以及后文的具体描述，可知答案选B。
2．The writer mentions all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A．Asia　 B．Europe
C．Africa D．America
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。第一段中的“in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere”提到了亚洲和非洲；第三段和第四段作者又提到了欧洲，故答案选D。
3．According to the passage, what has played an important role in spreading English around the world?
A．That governments have asked their people to learn it in school.
B．That English is the most beautiful language in the world.
C．That Europeans are willing to accept English as their language.
D．That people have to use English in their work.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the most important causes... is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.”可知C项正确。
4．What does the underlined word “rated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Stood. B．Agreed.
C．Considered. D．Argued.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据语境以及第四段的“consider it useful”可知rated在这里意为“认为，看作”。
B
Everyone knows about New Year's Eve and Independence Day. But did you know that there are enough holidays to fill every day of the year? Here are just a few we found interesting.
World Hello Day
To celebrate this day, say hello to at least ten different people. World Hello Day began in the autumn of 1973, shortly after the end of a war in the Middle East. Brian and Michael McCormack of Omaha. Nebraska, wondered what they could do to encourage world peace. They felt the best way was by getting people to talk with one another.
The McCormacks sent letters to the leaders of every country in the world about the first World Hello Day. They wrote the letters in as many different languages as they could. Officials wrote back from sixteen countries and encouraged Brian and Michael to make World Hello Day a yearly event. The holiday has been held on the third Sunday of November every year since. The McCormacks have received letters from many famous people congratulating them for their efforts.
International Day of the Seal (海豹)
March 22 is the official International Day of the Seal. But the National Zoological Park in Washington, D．C., and many other zoos and research centers around the world celebrate this holiday on the third weekend of March. The holiday was created to tell people about the dangers seals face from pollution and fishing nets.
At the National Zoological Park, you can find out how seals live and ways to help protect their habitats (栖息地)．
Do it! Day
Are you a procrastinator? Here's a day to finish all those things you've been meaning to do. Do It! Day is celebrated on the first Wednesday in September. “The whole idea is to feel good about getting things done，” says the founder of Do It! Day, Ethel Cook. She came up with the idea as part of her work helping businesses get organized. Cook hopes everyone will turn their Do Its into Did Its.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有趣的节日。
5．World Hello Day was set to ________.
A．create peace worldwide
B．stop the war in the Middle East
C．encourage foreign language learning
D．spread knowledge about different countries
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据World Hello Day中的“Brian and Michael McCormack of Omaha, Nebraska, wondered what they could do to encourage world peace.”可知，世界问候日设立的初衷就是为了促进世界和平。
6．How did the McCormacks advertise World Hello Day?
A．By reporting it on TV.
B．By meeting famous people.
C．By publishing it in the newspapers.
D．By writing letters to world leaders.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据World Hello Day中的“The McCormacks sent letters to the leaders of every country in the world about the first World Hello Day.”可知，McCormacks兄弟通过给各国领导人写信来宣传、推广世界问候日。
7．When does the National Zoological Park celebrate the International Day of the Seal?
A．On March 22.
B．On the third weekend of March.
C．On the third Sunday of November.
D．On the first Wednesday in September.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据International Day of the Seal中的“But the National Zoological Park... celebrate this holiday on the third weekend of March.”可知应选B项。
8．The underlined word “procrastinator” in the last paragraph refers to a person who ________.
A．cleans up things quickly
B．puts off things until later
C．always comes up with good ideas
D．feels good about getting things done
答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据Do it! Day中的“Here's a day to finish all those things you've been meaning to do.”可知，行动日就是让有拖延症的人赶紧完成他们未完成的事情，故procrastinator指“做事拖延的人”。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
We all know it is not always so easy to be happy. We also know how stressed (有压力的) you are, with homework, exams, sports meets and extra outdoor activities, let alone trying to have a life outside school.__1__
Exercise
Physical activity produces all sorts of things which help us to relax and feel good. Exercise can also make us feel more confident (自信的), which certainly makes us happier. You don't have to be a future Olympian. __2__ If you hate PE, find something less competitive: go for a walk, dance around your room or hit a park.
Thankfulness
It's easy to take the good things in life without thinking about them or showing you're thankful. __3__ An easy way to do this is to make a list before bed of five things you're thankful for. They can be big things, like your family and friends, or little things, like a good hair day.
Laugh
__4__ But research has shown that a good laugh reduces (减少) stress and, even if you start by forcing yourself to laugh, improves how you feel.
Sleep
Get enough ZZZs. __5__ Not getting enough sleep makes you angry and sad, so leave your phone outside your room, turn off the lights and let yourself have a good sleep. Sweet dreams!
A．Teens especially need at least eight hours.
B．If you're feeling blue, know that you're not alone.
C．You can increase happiness if you exercise with a friend.
D．So here are our top tips on being happy and staying happy.
E．Everyone can get something good from moving a little bit.
F．But studies have shown that giving thanks can make you happier.
G．Some days, laughing is just about the last thing you feel like doing.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几种使自己快乐的方法。
1．D　该空前提出快乐不易，再结合下文的四种方法可知，D项内容在此承上启下。
2．E　E项中的get something good和上文中的“help us to relax and feel good, make us feel more confident”相呼应；“moving a little bit”和下文中的“go for a walk, dance around your room or hit a park”相呼应。
3．F　根据该段小标题Thankfulness和下文中的“make a list before bed of five things you're thankful for”可知，经常表达谢意会使人更加快乐。该空后的this指代F项中的“giving thanks”。
4．G　根据该段谈论的中心词laugh和下一句中的转折连词But可知，G项内容符合此处语境。
5．A　根据该段小标题Sleep和下一句中的“Not getting enough sleep makes you angry and sad”可知，此处指年轻人需要至少8个小时的睡眠。
课时作业(六)　Unit 2　Section Ⅱ　Warming Up& Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Having studied Chinese for two years, now she can speak Chinese fluently (fluent)．
2．He has dreamed about travelling to Australia or New Zealand, and the latter (late) one is his favorite place.
3．Actually (actual), he is an honest and reliable person, whom you can depend on.
4．Gradually (gradual), they are tired of life in the noisy city.
5．Since he came to power, he has paid several official (office) visits to some foreign countries.
6．People in different English speaking countries may use different words, different spellings (spell) and different pronunciations.
7．Even though he lives alone, he owns two apartments (apartment)．
8．If you want to master English, to have large vocabularies (vocabulary) is necessary.
9．His English accent is so good that you would think he was a native (nation) speaker.
10．We hold such an activity to enrich (rich) our school life.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
I was in a rush as always, but this time it was for an important date I just couldn't be late for! I found myself at a checkout counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she paid for her groceries. A PhD student without a lot of money, I had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers. I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date.
We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile — warm and reassuring — and I returned her_gift by smiling back.
“Must be a special lady, whoever it is that will be getting those beautiful flowers，” she said.
“Yes, she's special，” I said, and then to my embarrassment, the words kept coming out.
“It's only our second date, but somehow I am just having the feeling she's ‘the one’．” Jokingly, I added, “The only problem is that I can't figure out why she'd want to date a guy like me.”
“Well, I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her，” the woman said. “My husband used to bring me flowers every week — even when times were tough and we didn't have much money. Those were incredible (难以置信的) days; he was very romantic and — of course — I miss him since he's passed away.”
I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries. There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her. I touched her on the shoulder and said, “You were right, you know. These flowers are indeed for a very special lady.” I handed her the flowers and thanked her for such a nice conversation.
It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just bought. “You have a wonderful evening，” I said. I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw her smelling the beautiful flowers.
I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story. A couple of years later, when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me, she told me that this story had helped to seal it for her — that was the night that I won her heart.
【语篇解读】　作者买花时遇到一位老妇人，通过交谈得到鼓舞，作者将花送给了那位老人，故事也感动了他的女友，使女友最终决定嫁给他。
1．Why was the writer in a hurry that day?
A．He was to meet his girlfriend.
B．He had to go back to school soon.
C．He was delayed by an elderly lady.
D．He had to pick up some groceries.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date.”和最后一段的“I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story.”可知，作者匆匆忙忙是要去和女朋友约会。故选A。
2．What does the underlined phrase “her gift” (Paragraph 2) refer to?
A．Her words.　　　　　　　　B．Her smile.
C．Her flowers. D．Her politeness.
答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据“She smiled... I returned her gift by smiling back.”得知：她对着我笑，我还她微笑，smile是她给我的礼物。故选B。
3．Why did the writer give his flowers to the elderly lady?
A．She told him a nice story.
B．She allowed him to pay first.
C．She gave him encouragement.
D．She liked flowers very much.
答案与解析：C　推理理解题。作者的话“The only problem is that I can't figure out why she'd want to date a guy like me.”暗示作者当时不自信；而那位老妇人的话“Well, I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her，”增强了作者的自信心，所以作者把鲜花送给了那个老妇人，故选C。
4．What can you learn from the story?
A．Flowers are important for a date.
B．Small talk is helpful.
C．Love and kindness are rewarding.
D．Elderly people deserve respecting.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。此文讲述作者买花时遇到一位老妇人，通过交谈得到鼓舞，将花送给了那位老妇人。故事感动了他的女友，使女友最终决定嫁给他；所以爱和善良能得到回报，故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms (习语), though my teacher emphasized (强调) the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown __1__ an amusing experience.
One day, I __2__ to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was __3__ about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be __4__， gently shaking his head, shrugging (耸一耸) his shoulders, saying, “You don't say！” “You don't say！” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not a proper topic. Well, I'd __5__ change the topic. So I said to him. “Well, __6__ we talk about the Great Wall? __7__ the way, have you ever __8__ there？” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing __9__. It was magnificent.” He was __10__ in thought when I began to talk __11__ a tourist guide, “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very __12__ of it.” Soon I was __13__ again by his order... “You don't say！” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？” “Well, I didn't request you to do __14__，” he answered, greatly __15__. I said, “Didn't you say ‘You don't say！’？” __16__ this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to __17__， “‘You don't say！’ actually means ‘Really？’ It is an __18__ of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms.” __19__ then did I know I have made a fool of __20__. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions.
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者由于不关注英语习语而引起一场误会的有趣经历。
1．A.in B．for
C．by D．to
答案与解析：C　句意：但是不久，通过一次有趣的经历显现了英语习语的重要性。by是“通过”的意思。
2．A.came B．happened
C．seemed D．wanted
答案与解析：B　句意：一天，我在路上碰巧遇到了一位英国人。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，故答案选B。
3．A.teaching B．lying
C．choosing D．talking
答案与解析：D　句意：当我在谈论我是怎样学习英语时，那个外国人似乎有点吃惊。talk“谈论”。
4．A.understood B．understanding
C．surprised D．surprising
答案与解析：C　根据后面的摇头耸肩可知，那个外国人是有点吃惊，而不是理解。再根据surprised修饰人，surprising修饰物，可知答案选C。
5．A.worse B．better
C．more D．less
答案与解析：B　had better“最好”。
6．A.shall B．will
C．must D．do
答案与解析：A　句意：我们谈谈长城好吗？根据语气可知，应该选A或B，而shall常与we搭配，故答案选A。
7．A.On B．In
C．All D．By
答案与解析：D　句意：顺便问一下，你去过那里吗？by the way“顺便问一下”，故答案选D。on the way“在路上，就要到来”；in the way“挡路”；all the way“总是，一直”。
8．A.gone B．visited
C．seen D．been
答案与解析：D　have gone表示去了某地，现在已经到了或在途中；have been表示去过某地，是过去的经历，根据句意可知，答案选D。B项和C项是及物动词，而there是副词，不能作宾语。
9．A.it B．them
C．anything D．something
答案与解析：A　指代上文提到的长城，故用代词it。
10．A.occupied B．attracted
C．lost D．refused
答案与解析：C　句意：当我像一个导游那样谈论时，他陷入了沉思。be lost in thought“陷入沉思”。
11．A.as B．to
C．with D．like
答案与解析：D　根据句意以及下文谈论的内容可知，作者在像一个导游那样谈论。
12．A.glad B．satisfied
C．proud D．familiar
答案与解析：C　句意：长城是世界的奇迹之一，我们以它为骄傲。be proud of“对……感到骄傲”，故答案选C。B和D都与with连用。
13．A.joked B．drawn
C．interrupted D．replied
答案与解析：C　interrupt“打断”，符合语境。
14．A.this B．so
C．anything D．nothing
答案与解析：B　句意：我没要你这样做。so指代上文提到的事情，故答案选B。
15．A.encouraged B．frightened
C．pleased D．surprised
答案与解析：D　因为作者和外国人的交流出现了误会，所以外国人很惊讶，故答案选D。
16．A.Looking B．Seeing
C．Hearing D．Listening
答案与解析：C　句意：听到这里，那位英国人笑得眼泪都出来了。现在分词短语作伴随状语。listen是不及物动词，所以答案只能选C。
17．A.explain B．shout
C．prove D．say
答案与解析：A　下文是外国人解释的内容，故答案选A。
18．A.experience B．expression
C．explanation D．example
答案与解析：B　句意：它是惊讶的一种表达方式。expression“表达”。
19．A.From B．Since
C．By D．Only
答案与解析：D　句意：直到那时，我才知道我愚弄了自己。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的谓语动词要进行部分倒装，根据句意及后面的倒装可知，答案选D。
20．A.herself B．myself
C．themselves D．himself
答案与解析：B　根据句意可知，作者愚弄了自己，所以用反身代词myself。
课时作业(七)　Unit 2　Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Alexander tried to get his work recognized(recognize) in the medical circles.
2．You should pay more attention to the meanings of those expressions(express)．
3．In recent years, there are many African(Africa) students studying in China.
4．The boy can speak English fluently(fluent) after five years' studying in an international school.
5．The boss commanded that the workers (should) work(work) hard to complete the project ahead of time.
6．Women are playing(play) a more and more important part in today's society—they hold up half the sky.
7．Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should be based on their own interests.
8．What on earth did you tell her? The expression(express) on her face suggested that she was more than angry.
9．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life as you are.
10．It is requested that he (should) hand(hand) in his homework tomorrow morning.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
St. Olaf Lineman(前锋) Camp
In an effort to help high school football players develop to their full potential, St. Olaf College offers the learning camp for lineman players.
This is a two-day camp, open to any lineman entering grades 9－12 in the fall of 2016.Unlike most summer camps, this is not a camp just for fun. It gives the opportunity for players of all skill levels to work on basic skills that are proven to translate into improved game-day performance. Register(注册) online or print an online form and mail it.
Time：9 am－3 pm on July 13 & 14,2016
Cost：$110(including instruction, T-shirt and lunch)
What to bring. Helmet, shoulder pads, mouth guard, cleats, practice jersey, and gym shoes(in case of rain). If you cannot bring your pads and helmet from your high school, you can rent them from St. Olaf College for $20 each for your camp.
St. Olaf Swim Camps
“Our goal is to provide each swimmer with the necessary tools to become the best swimmer he or she can be — today, next week, and in the years to come.” — Coach Bob Hauck
Session 1: July 12－16, 2016
Session 2: July 19－23, 2016
Session 3: July 26－30, 2016
Excellence has become a trademark(标志) of St. Olaf Swim Camps for more than 30 years because of the instructors, Bob Hauck and Dave Hauck. Our coaches provide a learning environment that is exciting, fun, and challenging.
The camps are designed for high school students who are going to complete their senior year. The camps provide a great experience on the beautiful St.Olaf College campus in Northfield, Minnesota.
【语篇解读】　St. Olaf College夏季会举行一些夏令营活动，本文介绍了其中的两项活动。
1．St. Olaf Lineman Camp would attract someone who wants to ________.
A．become a better goalkeeper
B．get accepted into St. Olaf College
C．improve his or her football skills as a lineman
D．have fun with others through various activities
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据St. Olaf Lineman Camp部分的“In an effort to help high school football players develop to their full potential, St. Olaf College offers the learning camp for lineman players.”可知，这个夏令营活动会吸引那些想在足球比赛中表现得更好的前锋。
2．What do we know about the sessions of St. Olaf Swim Camps?
A．Each session lasts five days.
B．There are four sessions altogether.
C．They will all take place in June, 2016.
D．Bob Hauck isn't a coach of the camps.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据St. Olaf Swim Camps部分所给出的时间可知，每一期都持续五天。
3．Who can take part in St. Olaf Swim Camps?
A．Any kid who is interested in swimming.
B．Any high school student who loves swimming.
C．Seniors in high school who cannot swim well.
D．Students who have finished their second year in high school.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据St. Olaf Swim Camps部分末段的“The camps are designed for high school students who are going to complete their senior year.”可知，答案选D项。
4．The text is meant to ________.
A．advertise some camps
B．advertise St. Olaf College
C．encourage us to learn to swim
D．tell us how to spend the summer holiday
答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要在为St. Olaf College夏季会举行的一些夏令营活动做广告。
B
Q：As a non-native English learner, should I learn British English or American English?
A：The truth is that it makes little difference. Why? Because we can read works written in either American English or British without too much trouble, and understand each other perfectly well as long as we don't use too much colloquial slang(口语俚语). They are the same language — both are still English.
The main differences are in vocabulary for some everyday things. However, most Americans know what trousers are, and Britons and Australians know that “pants” are trousers in an American book or movie. And there are a few small spelling differences. There are some very small grammar differences, but these are too small — most of them will probably not even be noticed. I'm British, and I often read books written in American English, as well as British English. To tell you the truth, I hardly notice the differences.
If you want to learn English and use it internationally, learn both kinds. It's not difficult — just a few extra words or spelling differences to learn. It's good to know how English speakers from all over the world use the language, no matter where they come from. You might need to know that American English is used mainly in North America, but British English is the standard English in the rest of the English-speaking world, including Britain's old colonies(殖民地) — Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, India, Malaysia, Hong Kong, etc.
Even “British English” is a bit of a misnomer (用词错误)，since there is no real standard way of speaking English in the UK.Some people confuse “British English” with the accent called RP(Received Pronunciation), but they aren't the same thing. British English is only a standard, not an accent. RP is only one accent in the UK. Few speak it. Other dialects are widely spoken in the UK today.
【语篇解读】　作者认为英式英语和美式英语的区别不是很大，二者都学会也不是很难。
5．The author most probably finds American colloquial slang ________.
A．strange　 B．helpful
C．difficult D．interesting
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据回答部分第一段的“understand each other perfectly well as long as we don't use too much colloquial slang.”可推断，作者觉得口语俚语不好懂。
6．What does the example of “trousers”and “pants”show?
A．Some differences are easy to notice.
B．Differences in vocabulary are common.
C．One thing can be called different names.
D．Americans and Britons can understand each other.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据回答部分第二段的“However, most Americans know what trousers are, and Britons and Australians know that ‘pants’ are trousers in an American book or movie.”可知，作者是想表明美国人和英国人能够听懂彼此说的话。
7．What can we learn about Received Pronunciation?
A．It is not an accent.
B．It is British English.
C．It is often used in the US.
D．It isn't widely used in Britain.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据回答部分第四段的“British English is only a standard, not an accent. RP is only one accent in the UK. Few speak it.”可知，这种方言用的人少。
8．The author would most probably agree that ________.
A．colloquial slang shouldn't be used often
B．British people find it hard to understand Americans
C．British English and American English don't differ too much
D．people should learn British English instead of American English
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据回答部分第一段的“The truth is that it makes little difference.”以及第二段的“To tell you the truth I hardly notice the differences.”可知，作者觉得美式英语跟英式英语之间的差别不大。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored __1__ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and loved by the Indians. He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got __2__ (marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, __3__he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was __4__ (surprise) to find that the problem of racial discrimination (种族歧视) was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight __5__equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, __6__India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. In the political movement many Indians __7__ (include) Gandhi were put in prison. __8__， the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give __9__and India won its independence in 1947. __10__ (fortunate) Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了印度英雄甘地的生平事迹。
1．as　考查介词。句意：甘地，一位印度民族英雄，被尊称为“印度之父”。as在此意为“作为”。
2．married　考查固定搭配。marry是动词，意为“(和某人)结婚，娶，嫁”。由空前的got 可知，此处应用married。get/be married意为“结婚”。
3．where　考查定语从句。“__3__he studied law for three years and became a lawyer”是定语从句，修饰先行词England，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导从句。
4．surprised　考查形容词。was后跟形容词作表语，且此处表述人的感受，应用surprised，意为“惊讶的”。
5．for　考查介词。句意：在那里他成立了一个组织，开办了一份杂志，为获得平等的权利而斗争。fight for ...意为“为……而战”。
6．when　考查定语从句。“__6__India was controlled by the British”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1915，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。
7．including　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，Indians与include之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。此处表示包括甘地在内的很多印度人被投入监狱。
8．However　考查副词。在政治运动中，包括甘地在内的很多印度人被投入监狱。但是，斗争从未停止过。该空和主句用逗号隔开，故填副词However表转折。
9．in　考查介词。由下文印度获得独立可知，英国政府投降了。give in意为“屈服，让步”，是固定短语。
10．Unfortunately　考查副词。句意：不幸的是，甘地遭到一个反对他的观点的印度人的射杀，于1948年1月30日去世。修饰整个句子应用副词，再结合句意可知，应填Unfortunately。
课时作业(八)　Unit 2　Section Ⅳ　Grammar —
直接引语与间接引语(Ⅱ)—祈使句授课提示：对应学生用书117页
Ⅰ.语法与写作
1．The teacher told the student to_set_down what he said.
老师要这个学生记下他所说的话。(set)
2．She asked him to_add_up all the numbers.
她要他把所有的数字都加起来。(add)
3．The father told his children not_to_join_in that activity.
父亲告诉孩子们不要参加那个活动。(join)
4．The manager ordered his workers to_give_up_the_plan.
经理命令工人们放弃这项计划。(give)
5．The guide advised the tourist to_pack_up and start out.
导游建议游客打包好并且启程。(pack)
6．The chairman suggested we (should)_get_along_well_with_each_other and work hard to achieve our goal.
主席建议我们应该友好相处，并且努力工作来实现我们的目标。(get)
7．Please ask the neighbours not_to_make_so_much_noise.
请叫邻居们不要这样喧哗。(make)
8．The mother warned her child not_to_get_too_close_to the water.
妈妈告诫孩子不要太靠近水边。(get)
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels(元音) pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact(接触) with many people from around the world. This meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary came out.
Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words. Late Modern English has many more words, mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution(工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America led to American English. Some English pronunciations and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that are called “Americanisms” are in fact from British expressions. They were kept in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. French words and West African words(through the slave trade) also influenced American English.
Today, American English has a greater influence, because of the USA's movies, television, popular music, trade and technology.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了英语的发展史。
1．The main difference between Early and Late Modern English lies in ________.
A．vocabulary　B．spelling
C．grammar D．pronunciation
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words.”可推知答案。
2．What helped to increase the vocabulary of Later Modern English?
a．the invention of printing
b．the Industrial Revolution
c．the colonization
d．the contact with other countries
A．a，b，c B．a，c，d
C．a，b，d D．b，c，d
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.”可推知答案。
3．What does the underlined word “froze”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Remained unchanged. B．Disappeared.
C．Improved. D．Kept active.
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Some expressions that are called ‘Americanisms’ are in fact from British expressions.”可推知答案。
4．The third paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A．different kinds of English
B．English colonies in North America
C．other language is influence on American English
D．the difference between American English and British English
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Spanish also had an influence on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. French words and West African words(through the slave trade) also influenced American English.”可推知答案。
Ⅲ.阅读填句
Taking notes is very important in high school. If you don't take notes, you may find it difficult to go over the lessons. __1__ You need to get some skills in order to take perfect notes. Here are some tips to help you.
Try not to overdo it. Some students like writing down every word. __2__ If you want to write down every word, you may miss the most important points. Some people learn well by listening carefully, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class when they have more time. So just make sure that you've written down the most important points.
Ask your teacher to repeat something. __3__ If you've missed something or the teacher is going too fast, you can raise your hand and ask your teacher to repeat it. Chances are if you missed something, one of your classmates might have missed too. So there's nothing wrong with asking for something to be repeated.
__4__ Reviewing or recopying your notes when you get home can help you remember what you have learnt during the day. Do the notes you've taken match up with(匹配) your textbook? You can also compare your notes with a friend. This helps you remember the most important points and can help when preparing for a test or an exam.
Review your notes from time to time. If you don't review your notes, you may forget what you have learned. But if you review your notes regularly, you'll remember well what you've learned. This can help you a lot when you have to take a test or an exam.__5__
A．This is not a good idea.
B．It is helpful to some students.
C．Don't forget to review your notes.
D．Review your notes on the same day.
E．However, not everyone knows how to take notes.
F．You don't have to stay up late to go over your notes.
G．Some students are afraid of stopping a teacher in class.
【语篇解读】　高中生在课堂上做笔记的时候要抓住重点，课后要复习那些要点。
1．答案与解析：E　前面提到了做笔记很重要，此处用转折语气，表示不是每个人都知道怎么做笔记。所以后面说“You need to get some skills in order to take perfect notes”。
2．答案与解析：A　根据“If you want to write down every word, you may miss the most important points.”可知，作者认为想把每一个字都记下不是什么好主意。
3．答案与解析：G　根据第三段的“If you've missed something or the teacher is going too fast, you can raise your hand and ask your teacher to repeat it.”可知，有的同学害怕在课堂上打断老师，但如果你遗漏了重要的知识，或者老师讲得太快了，你可以举手让老师重复。
4．答案与解析：D　根据“Reviewing or recopying your notes when you get home can help you remember what you have learnt during the day.”可知，作者建议当天回家后就要复习那些笔记内容。
5．答案与解析：F　根据“This can help you a lot when you have to take a test or an exam.”可知，定期复习笔记能帮助考试，你不再需要熬夜看笔记了。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I think that sleeping is the most wonderful thing in the world. While __1__I do nothing, but close my eyes, leaving all my work behind. In fact, I __2__get up early nearly every morning.
My classes begin at 8：00, but the teacher asks us to arrive before 7：15 so we have __3__time to prepare for the class. If you are __4__， you'll lose one point. And when you reach 10 __5__， parents' visit to school will be a must. Though I think it's __6__， I still don't want to lose any points.
One morning, my alarm clock __7__. I woke up with a __8__and found that it was already 7：00. What was worse, I lost six points in a __9__， that is to say, I was late every day that week. My teacher said angrily that he __10__me to be late. My friends joked that my __11__ was coming soon. I finally __12__to do something. I bought a new __13__. It sings songs on time, __14__I shut it down.
It's perfect for a lazy cat like me. When I __15__it for the first time, I successfully got up at 6：00 the next morning. Proud of __16__， I took a deep breath and found that the early morning air is surprisingly __17__. I did some reading, finding that English is really beautiful. I hadn't realized __18__that the morning is so wonderful.
“Life is __19__a box of chocolates. You never know what you're going to get.” Just as Forrest Gump said, sometimes we should break our __20__. You may find that a new way can change things for the better.
【语篇解读】　作者上课经常迟到，可自从换了个新闹钟之后，开始早起并且发现了早晨时光的美好，从而也爱上了晨读英语。最后作者也悟出了一定的道理：有时我们应该打破以前的习惯，做出适当的改变，那样可能会发现一种新的方式会把事情改变得更好。
1．A.tired B．asleep
C．silent D．awake
答案与解析：B　根据后面闭上眼睛什么都不做，可知是当我睡觉的时候，asleep入睡，故答案选B。
2．A.ought to B．was able to
C．used to D．have to
答案与解析：D　根据下一段的叙述，课是8点开始，而作者的老师要求7：15前到校，可知是不得不早起，故答案选D。
3．A.enough B．no
C．many D．any
答案与解析：A　从7：15到8：00有足够的时间准备功课，故答案选A。many修饰可数名词复数，可以排除。
4．A.lazy B．sleepy
C．late D．noisy
答案与解析：C　老师要求7：15之前必须到校，因此所要表达的意思是：如果迟到，就要扣掉一分。故答案为C。
5．A.times B．points
C．days D．classes
答案与解析：B　上文说迟到一次就扣掉一分，因此当达到10分时，父母就一定要到学校来了。故本题选B。
6．A.surprising B．impossible
C．interesting D．boring
答案与解析：D　由后半句的转折“依旧不希望自己被扣分”可知我认为老师的规定是令人厌烦的，故选D。
7．A.failed B．lied
C．sounded D．disappeared
答案与解析：A　后文说起床后就已经7点了，而老师要求7：15前到校，由此可知闹钟坏了，故选A。
8．A.jump B．thought
C．start D．dream
答案与解析：C　我猛地醒来发现已经7点了，故选C。
9．A.class B．day
C．week D．month
答案与解析：C　后文解释说那周我每天都迟到，因此是一周已失了6分，故答案为C。
10．A.believed B．expected
C．advised D．hoped
答案与解析：B　我的老师生气地说他期望我再次迟到，扣到10分后可以叫家长来学校。故选B。
11．A.exam B．mistake
C．duty D．day
答案与解析：D　上文提到如果扣掉10分就要请家长到学校里来，我已扣了6分了，因此我的朋友开玩笑说我被叫家长的日子不久就要来到了。故选D。
12．A.decided B．wanted
C．offered D．tried
答案与解析：A　经过了六天的迟到后我最终决定做一些事情。故选A。
13．A.alarm clock B．schoolbag
C．watch D．bike
答案与解析：A　上文提到闹钟坏了导致上学迟到，因此应是买了个新的闹钟。故选A。
14．A.as if B．as though
C．even if D．only if
答案与解析：C　下一段说新闹钟对于像我这样的懒猫是很好的，因此本句句意是：即使我关掉闹钟，它也会按时响铃的。故选C。
15．A.had B．used
C．watched D．bought
答案与解析：B　当第一次用新闹钟时，第二天早晨我成功地6点钟就起来了。
16．A.itself B．them
C．myself D．us
答案与解析：C　因为早起之后发现空气清新，还可以读读英语，也从而发现了英语的美。因此我为自己感到自豪。故选C。
17．A.cool B．warm
C．comfortable D．fresh
答案与解析：D　早晨的空气是清新的，故选D。
18．A.after B．yet
C．ago D．before
答案与解析：D　以前总是起得晚，从没发现早晨是如此美好，故选D。
19．A.as B．like
C．from D．with
答案与解析：B　正如《阿甘正传》中所说的“生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道下一颗是什么味道”。be like像，符合句意。
20．A.rules B．ideas
C．habits D．dreams
答案与解析：C　有时我们应该打破以前的习惯(habit)，做出适当的改变，那样可能会发现一种新的方式会把事情改变得更好。rule“规则，条例”；idea“想法，主意”；dream“梦想”。